Chapter 32 Quarter Sixteen-2

Husband is like this, so people from far away are not convinced, so they cultivate literature and virtue.They come, the security. It has been talked about for a long time, and it is all about internal political improvement and economic stability.If a country can do this, it will definitely have an impact on international politics, and other countries will definitely be convinced.If there are still distant people who are not convinced, so they use military force to invade others and force them to obey, that is overbearing; if the way of kingship is not like this, if people still refuse to obey, you have to reflect on yourself: whether the country's political reputation and personal moral cultivation are still good. Are there deficiencies?Start from the basics of culture; carry forward your own culture, establish your own national character and personality, and enrich your own moral cultivation. When people are influenced, they will naturally come.At that time, "since it has come, it will be safe."The whole world lives in peace, there is no problem, and the world is peaceful.

This is the basic principle.We need to know that this is not only the basic principle of Confucian thought, but also the basic principle of Chinese cultural thought expressed by Confucian thought. Today, you and Qiu Ye, Xiangfuzi, are far away and cannot come because they are disobedient; the state is disintegrated and cannot be defended; and if you plan to fight within the state, I am afraid that Ji Sun's worries are not in Zhuanyu, but in Xiaoqiang. Confucius' current conclusion directly scolded his two students.He said, Zilu and Ran Qiu, the two of you are assistant ministers in the Ji family (equal to Kissinger in the United States), and people far away are not convinced, (it seems that the Middle East has always been uncompromising, unconvinced, and deflated everywhere.) And you can’t come ;People are not convinced by your anger, and your political morality is not convincing, so they did not come to make friends and make good payments.In China, there are disintegration and differences of opinion. On the surface, it seems to be a whole, but many internal factors are divided.Everyone is alienated, and sooner or later they will collapse.This kind of situation is untenable, because the interior is disintegrated and it is difficult to protect itself, so we have to develop outward and divert people's attention, which is the same reason.Place

According to Confucius, because you cannot solve many internal affairs problems, you have to use troops to start wars outside to divert attention from inside.In my opinion, you are very dangerous. The biggest troubles, pains, and sorrows of the Ji family are not in Zhuanyu, a small border country, but within the Xiao Wall, among the Ji family's own brothers.Not long after Confucius said this, the brothers of the Ji family really had problems. Therefore, when internal disasters occurred in later generations, the phrase "disaster caused Xiaoqiang" was used. The literary allusion comes from this sentence of Confucius.

This passage has probably explained it all.Before entering this article, we have mentioned one point: the spirit of Chinese culture is "prosper and destroy the country, and continue to die." The second point: how to complete the ministerial career of a senior cadre and staff.To sum up, the necessary conditions for Chinese cultural and political morality are helping the poor and helping the weak, restraining the strong and helping the weak.Therefore, the thought of the founding father, advocating the unity of weak and small nations, is indeed a consistent thought of Chinese culture.Personally, help those who are displaced, in difficulties, and in distress.If the minister cannot help the boss to do so, Confucius thinks it is fundamentally wrong.At the same time, it is also mentioned that only knowing about expanding armaments and launching aggression, but the internal people are struggling to survive and the national economy cannot be stabilized is a big historical mistake, a big social problem, and a big political problem.This paragraph also talks about the economic thinking of traditional Chinese culture, which is the root of the founding father's people's livelihood thought, and it talks about the principle of balance.

Prophecy Next is the point of view of Confucian philosophy of history.It is also a famous saying of Chinese political philosophy: Confucius said: If there is a way in the world, then rituals and music will be conquered, and it will come from the Son of Heaven.If there is no Dao in the world, then rituals and music will be conquered, and the feudal lords will come out.Since the princes came out, Gai Shishi hoped not to lose it.Since the doctor came out, the hope of the fifth generation will not be lost.The accompanying ministers are in charge of the country's orders, and the third generation hopes that they will not be lost.If there is a way in the world, the government does not belong to the doctor.If there is a way in the world, the common people will not discuss it.

Confucius said: Lu Zhi went to the public office for five generations, and the government was arrested by a doctor for four generations.The descendants of the old husband Sanhuan are small. These two sections are connected with the previous section.It can also be seen that the evolution of the history of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States is the history of social evolution, as well as the information and principles of political evolution history, so don't let it go easily.After research, there are many reasons.According to these principles, if you find materials, you can write hundreds of thousands of words in vernacular, and you can get a degree.

Confucius said that if there is a way in the world, the rituals and music will come from the Son of Heaven.The word "tianxia" here, and the meaning of the word "sheji" just mentioned, represent the entire country of China.The times are stable and the country is on track. Regardless of culture, education, politics, economy, military, etc., the central government can be single-minded.Times have changed, there are problems with the regime, and local forces have risen. Regardless of culture, politics, economy, military, etc., the central government has no way to carry out orders, and the local forces take power.In the history of the Tang Dynasty, it was the monopoly of feudal vassals and the expansion of the power of foreign vassals; in terms of modern history, it is the separatist monopoly of warlords, which has hindered the construction and progress of the nation for many years.

Speaking of this, thinking about the past history of China, everyone knows that there were several kinds of disasters, which were quite severe.In addition to the scourge of the feudal town, there are eunuchs in power, foreign relatives taking power, and female scourges.For example, the Han and Ming dynasties were greatly influenced by eunuchs, and many ministers rarely saw the emperor, and all power was in the hands of eunuchs.The troubles of foreign relatives are exclusive to the queen's family.Female disasters, such as Wu Zetian, Empress Lu of Han Gaozu, and Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty.There are other unsatisfactory things in history, let's not talk about it.These factors have taken turns in history, and in almost every turbulent era, the faults are caused by these factors.But don't think that this is only the case with major national affairs. In fact, it occurs in every class, and when anyone bears a heavy responsibility, there will be this possibility.For a company, you are the chairman or general manager of the company, and the manager of the branch is your feudal town; anyone who is close to you may be an eunuch; as for foreign relatives, everyone has them; Today in many countries in the world, there are sex problems, so-called gossip cases, one after another.Do not think that these nouns are just historical names.We must understand that any cultural thought should not be limited by nouns.The times are different, and the characters are different; the "person" is still the same "person" at all times and in all over the world. "Human" problems, the ancients had them, they have them now, and they will certainly have them in the future.This

This history and this world are formed by people, and all human problems have no difference in time and space.So whether you are a supervisor or a boss, it is inevitable to be surrounded by these things, and you must pay attention to this. That's why Confucius said that in the era of turmoil, when the feudal lords are in power, there will be at most ten generations—one generation in thirty years—that is, within two to three hundred years, and this history will not change.It's even worse to come down again.During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, overlords such as Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin were local vassal forces, and they lasted up to ten generations.And so on, a doctor like the Ji family has a monopoly, at most five generations, and it's only been more than a hundred years, and nothing has changed.Afterwards, the ministers will be in charge of the country's fate, and the ministers can control the country's destiny. The talents in charge are getting worse and worse, and the times are getting worse and worse. It's only a few decades, at most three generations, nothing remains the same.

But don't take the word "shi" too rigidly. Mencius has a saying that "the brilliance of a gentleman will be cut off for five generations."This is a living fact, that is to say, the beginning of ordinary people: the first generation worked hard to start a business; the second generation was able to maintain success; the third generation enjoyed it; gone; the sixth generation started all over again.Therefore, "the zeal of a gentleman will be cut off in the fifth generation." It will be cut off in the fifth generation.No matter how virtuous the ancestors were and how well they practiced, his virtues would not last past five generations.In terms of education, each generation needs to know how to learn, and it will be over if you don’t learn.Going back to the original text, when the world is in order, political power will not fall on the doctors, and the central government will definitely be able to

Enough to carry out his power, the common people will not discuss it, and live a peaceful life without complaining about the sky or favoring others.Confucius continued to talk about the examples at that time. He said that in ancient times, the entrusted position of salary had left the public office for five generations, and the power had been in the hands of senior officials for four generations.So Confucius told Ran You and Zilu that according to the principle of historical evolution, the descendants of Sanhuan—the three brothers of the Ji family—would come out soon, and they themselves would collapse without waiting to send troops to fight others. From the perspective of the text, this paragraph does not seem to be very important, but it is very important if you study historical thought. This paragraph can be viewed as an outline of the history of Chinese philosophy.It is one of the important materials of Chinese past history and philosophy.Chinese philosophy of history is an idealistic view of history, and it is the most important research material, which has been available for a long time.It can also be said: Our Chinese culture talks about the philosophy of history, which is about the "changing view of history"; whether you are materialistic or idealistic, society, people, time, and space are changing at any time; there is nothing constant in the world.As for the "historical philosophy of change", Chinese culture has the most.Now these words of Confucius are talking about the "philosophy of history of change".Only by understanding the philosophy of this change can we grasp the changes of the times.Therefore, when it comes to play, it is not only a big problem in the philosophy of history, but also a big problem in the application of political philosophy. If you understand the real change, you will know how to "adapt to the change". Instead of waiting for the "change" to come, you should lead the change first.I often say that the first class of people create opportunities by themselves and lead the change; the second class of people seize the opportunity when the opportunity comes and how to respond; In addition, there is another important issue in this section of the book, which is Confucius' knowledge and wisdom. He did have foresight.We only need to study the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and calmly reflect on it. His words are all predictions about the evolution of history and society, and his assertions are not wrong at all; road.Moreover, there is nothing wrong with looking at the subsequent history and even the future based on his principle. friend way Let's turn to another momentum. It seems that although we are talking about the way of ordinary friends, it is actually related to the political philosophy and employment administration of this article. Confucius said: Those who benefit have three friends, and those who lose have three friends.Friendship is straight, friendship is understanding, friendship is rich, and it is beneficial; friendship is evasive, friendship is gentle, friendship is sycophant, and it is harmful. This is a saying that we Chinese are familiar with. You are straight, you forgive, and you learn a lot. They are helpful friends.The first type of "friendship" is a friend who speaks straight words; the second type is "friendship".They are friends who are more forgiving and have a generous personality; the third type is "friends who are well-informed", friends who are knowledgeable.Confucius listed these three kinds of people as friends who are helpful to individuals.In addition, among friends, there are three types that are harmful to oneself, the first is "friends and friends".It is a person with a quirky temper, special hobbies, or you can say that he doesn't like hard and soft, which makes people feel that he has friends who are easily difficult.The second is "friendly and soft".That is, the personality is very weak and too dependent.Even, blindly following and catering to you, you have to fight If you want to play chess, it’s not bad, but if you want to break the law, even though he feels it’s wrong, he doesn’t object, and just follow suit.In modern terms, it is equivalent to being a wife-like friend, which can be said to be insufficient for success and failure.The third is "friends and sycophants".This kind of person is even worse. It can be said that he is a sycophant who specializes in pandering and making do. From the superficial point of view, this section is all about friendship, but in fact, it should be expanded and supplemented. In a broad sense, the so-called relationship between monarchs and ministers, between leaders and cadres, should all belong to friendship. Get along right.In the history of entrepreneurial groups, most of the masters and slaves get along with each other in friendship.By the time the monarch and ministers are strictly divided into master and subordinate, it is about to go downhill.This is certainly the case in the world, but it is also the case in personal careers. There are too many examples of the emperor and his courtiers becoming friends, such as Tang Taizong and Yu Shinan, Wei Zheng, etc.; like Song Taizu who often walked at night in low clothes and went to Zhao Pu's house to drink and chat.In terms of "friendship", people like Tang Taizong and Fang Xuanling are like this. Not only the emperor forgives him, but he also forgives the emperor.In terms of literature, the poems of the Tang Dynasty are the best, because Tang Taizong's poems are good, which is what he advocated.But when Yu Shinan died, Tang Taizong thought he had lost his poetic confidant, so he stopped writing poems.Yu Shinan is also a famous calligrapher. The cadre who got up with Tang Taizong was the "Secretary General" in the early years and later a minister.From this, we can see that in any emerging era in history, leaders and Among the cadres, almost all get along with each other in a friendly way. Another example is Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. We ignore the concept of nationality and only look at his political actions, which are very impressive in history.General historians believe that the achievements of the early Qing Dynasty surpassed those of the Han and Tang Dynasties.Ji Xiaolan, who is most famous for telling jokes, was a famous official in the Qianlong era. They got along with each other in a friendly way. We all know the story of "Old Man": There was a hot day, and the people in the Imperial Academy couldn't stand the heat. Taking off her clothes and chatting, Ji Xiaolan is fat and even bare-chested.At this time, Qianlong suddenly went to the Hanlin Academy in casual clothes to chat with everyone, but was found far away, and everyone dispersed.Ji Xiaolan has deep myopia, can't touch her clothes at once, and has nowhere to hide, so she got under the table.Qianlong After entering the Imperial Academy, she couldn't see anyone, so she turned around. Ji Xiaolan's nearsightedness was blurry, and she saw someone walking around, hiding under the table, unable to get bored, so she stretched out her head and asked, "Has the old man gone yet?" After being caught by Qianlong, he asked him to come out and asked: "You are so rude, why do you call me an old man?" Ji Xiaolan explained: "Long live! Long live! Long live! It is the big 'old' of the country, and the head of state is the 'head'. 'Zi' is the Son of Heaven, and the people all over the country call His Majesty 'Old Man', which is a respectful title." Qianlong also laughed.Because of this allusion, it can be seen that their monarchs and ministers get along with each other, sometimes completely like friends.Because being an emperor is depressing enough, and it's fun to have ministers who can talk to me.Just like He Kun, who was very greedy, and the official was not very big, but later he took over the power.In the later years of Qianlong, everyone reported to the emperor that the political achievements were good in everything, and He Kun should be removed.But Qianlong never moved him. Later, someone asked Qianlong why he favored Hekun?Qianlong said: "I know that He Kun is bad, but you have to leave one person to play with me!" , it is too bitter.For example, if you want to buy buns from Ximending, which mung bean soup in Dongmen Market is good?Ministers and generals should not be allowed to do these things. People like He Kun would make Qianlong very comfortable. That's why Qianlong said he wanted to keep him for fun.When his son Emperor Jiaqing came to power, he removed He Kun and copied all his family's property.This explains why the way of making friends is included in this book on political measures.Therefore, we need to understand that when we become a supervisor and reach a certain position, the people we lead should use friendship to get along with them. Of course, we should not make Qianlong's mistakes and play with He Kun. Next, mention the happiness of life. Confucius said: There are three joys for those who benefit, and three joys for those who lose: music for festivals and ceremonies, joy for the goodness of Taoists, joy for many virtuous friends, benefit; joy for pride, joy for lost travel, joy for feasting, harm. The first three points are the happiest in life, which means that happiness should be built on character. The happiest thing for a person is to study knowledge (rituals and music) and behave well. This is related to the first "Xue Er" . The second point is "the kindness of Taoists". I like to talk about the benefits and advantages of others.This is a unique point of Chinese culture, and it is also difficult to achieve. There are pros and cons, so we will not discuss it for the time being.It is a common phenomenon that ordinary people like to criticize other people's bad points, especially the Chinese nationality, they like to ask questions about people, like checking household registration, they care too much about people, many foreign students are not used to it, and feel that you are hindering their freedom.There is a story about a French student. I once asked him, are there many girls in France who were kidnapped and sold as slaves in the Middle East?He said that there is such a thing. Every year, many girls are sold to the Middle East. They are all teenage girls. They are on the street at night. Go, often a person will suddenly run out from behind and snatch the girl away.I asked him what to do if others saw this situation, and he said: Teacher, you are right. When I first came to China, I don’t like things, but now I am used to them: Chinese people stand for a while when they talk on the street. There will be a third party around to ask what is going on, a dead mouse will have a lot of people around to watch, Westerners don’t have this kind of thing, each goes his own way, it’s your freedom to fight between the two of you, it has nothing to do with others , so the girl was taken away, it was the two of them's business, others didn't know what the two were doing, so they left without paying attention.I asked him again: Where are your security personnel?He said that there was an idiom in China in the past, what "The crows in the world...".I laughed and didn't answer his text.This is true. When we talked about the many habits of the Chinese people, they talk about others as soon as they meet each other. It is "The Induction of the Supreme Being", and the other is "The Yin Wen of Wenchang Emperor". In these two books, Chinese scholars in the past, for the sake of fame, first concealed evil and promoted good.When a friend makes a mistake, he should persuade him behind closed doors, and always cover up the ugly things for others outside. This is morality.But it's just a dogma of striving for fame and fame in the past. People's habits are not like this, but they like the evil of Taoists.Therefore, one should cultivate the joy of Taoist kindness.Especially among friends, who has no weaknesses?But if you want to talk about other people's strengths, Wang Zeng, the famous prime minister of the Song Dynasty, can do it. "Praise benevolence in public courts, and regulate private rooms."It is a necessary cultivation.A successful person has his own strengths in self-cultivation, that is, for decades now, friends who have seen success from all walks of life have their own strengths.Therefore, this section proposes that the goodness of Taoists is a real benefit. "Lucky and virtuous friends", many good friends are beneficial, it is really reasonable, in my personal experience, I think that if you read thousands of books, travel thousands of miles, you must make thousands of friends.I often chat and laugh with my friends, they ask me where does my knowledge come from?I told them that if you just have more friends and chat casually, you will gain knowledge. There is a lot of truth in the saying "let many good friends be happy". If you want to make good friends, I advocate having many friends. If you don't make friends, you can't understand the ways of the world.But in today's society, money is the first thing you need to make friends, and you have to donate money. It's not easy for us poor boys.For example, Confucius proposed three beneficial pleasures in life, but according to my observation, these three sentences are related to innate personality.Some people are disgusted when they see these few words, because he doesn't like to make friends.In fact, these are not dogmas, but just experience. Next, when it comes to detrimental pleasures, the first is the liking of enjoyment, of extravagant and exaggerated pleasures, including the pleasure of collecting songs and choosing colors, getting drunk with money, and playing with wine and meat. "Le Yi You" just likes improper entertainment and willful indulgence, including playing cards and smoking marijuana. "Le Yan Le" includes delicious food and fun.These are all ways of having fun in life that are not beneficial to oneself. These are the three detrimental sensual activities, not recreational activities. hard to speak hard to speak Confucius said: There are three faults in serving a gentleman: to say what is not mentioned is called impetuosity; This is what Confucius said about how to behave in the world. He said that there are three sins in serving a gentleman. For example, subordinates treat senior officials, juniors treat seniors, and ministers treat the emperor. They can all be said to be serving gentlemen. In fact, the same is true among friends.Confucius said that there are three major problems in this process. The first is to express yourself, love to show off, and talk before it is your turn to speak. This is impatient and not cultivated enough.The second is that when it is time to speak, they are afraid of being responsible and do not speak. This kind of person is too secretive, called hidden, and it is not good.Also, when speaking, observe the environment for the group, and observe the attitude for the individual. When the other party is in trouble and pain, if you talk about proud things with him or discuss important issues, you must be careful. In the end, this is called blindness, which means that one has no eyes and cannot see clearly! For example, in the past, diplomacy in the diplomatic community was held at banquets.At the time of political corruption in the late Qing Dynasty, business or political transactions were negotiated in brothels.For example, during the period of the Beiyang government, when Yuan Shikai and Cao Kun bribed the election, someone saw a sentimental poem signed by Canghai Taoist in a brothel in Beijing. There were many epigrams in it. He read it to me orally. After many years, unfortunately, I also forgot , I still remember one of them saying: "Whoever receives a handsome talent in Yanshi, the love of King Zhao will also be mourned. The head is thrown into a man's property, and the wave builds up gold as a debt." What a sad state affairs!The Beiyang government relied on foreign debts for political business, and as a result, those rich men who made election fortunes spent the money in brothels.The so-called spending a lot of money is beyond the expenditure of the middle class. The result is that the people are burdened with foreign debts, which will never be repaid. Now there are no brothels, only restaurants and dance halls, not only in China, but also in foreign countries.In the past, many major diplomatic activities in Japan were held in geisha houses, but now they are mostly held on golf courses.So now as a diplomat, you must know how to play these things, which is equivalent to solving problems on the mahjong table back then.Judging from these facts, we know that Confucius really understands human relationships and sophistication. Whether it is persuading others, making suggestions, or making requests, you must first look at the color when talking about things.Of course, the way of talking based on people's color is very bad when used in a bad way. The Buddha said, don't say it, don't say it. Who is willing to rest before death Confucius said: A gentleman has three precepts.When young, the blood qi is uncertain, and the abstinence lies in the color; when it is strong, the blood qi is strong, and the abstinence is fighting; These are all familiar to us.Confucius divides life into three stages and is a famous saying to be cautious about people.When we add age, experience, psychological and physical experience, we will know the profound meaning of these three sentences.Sexual abstinence for teenagers is a matter of sex. If there is excessive greed between men and women, many people will be destroyed in their bodies when they are only in their 30s or 40s.There are many diseases of middle-aged and elderly people, because of the sexual behavior in youth, there is no "abstaining from sex", and the cause of disease is planted.The Chinese have studied the knowledge of "sex" very carefully. This is in terms of medicine, but it is pitiful. They have blocked this aspect too much morally. hindered.As far as I know, in the past, there was almost no teenager who did not masturbate in primary and secondary schools. Parents, be careful!During the Nazi era in Germany, teenagers wore shorts and tied their hands outside the quilt when they slept at night. This was hygienic and for the superiority of the Germanic nation.This approach, although excessive, is very beneficial in terms of education.The thinking of the younger generation now is that girls are willing to marry rich old people, and if their husbands die, they will remarry anyway if they have money; boys are influenced by certain foreign movies and like to love middle-aged women.This is the general trend and a serious problem.So after knowing the thoughts of teenagers, I found that there are many problems in our education.As for foreign countries, such as the young men and women in the United States, they are very reluctant to get married. They are afraid that they will be responsible after marriage, just for fun, and the society will be in chaos.This is a big problem in human culture, so Confucius said: "The vigor of the blood is not fixed, but the sex is the key." This sentence really plays out, and there are many problems. Special attention should be paid to the education of sexual psychology. Adults should avoid fighting, and this fighting is also a big problem. It doesn't just refer to fighting, all quarrelsome competition is fighting.Here it is said that quitting is fighting, which is the competition of careers, wanting to hit others everywhere, but standing up by oneself, this kind of mentality is a problem of middle-aged people. It is a serious problem for the elderly to refrain from it. If you are not at this age, you don’t know.For example, if a person has a very generous personality, he must always be vigilant, so as not to be unable to do so when he is old.I have seen many people donate money when they are young, but when they are old, they are reluctant to spend a dime, and they are even more reluctant to let go of their careers.In his early years, he was generous and kind, but in his later years, he changed and regarded money as big as the sky.It's not just about money, it's about getting it.There are many other things.There is a novel in which an official is addicted to work. When he was dying, he was lying on the bed at home and had already entered a dying state.So two adjutants stood at the door of the room and took out their old names. One adjutant read: "Mr. So-and-so is here!"I used to think that this novel was written too satirically; when I got older, I realized that it was not written satirically, and indeed there are many such people.Some people are full of vigor and vigor when they are doing things, but after retiring, they will worry and worry when they are idle at home.In addition, there was a man who heard people say that he built a famous building and was already very rich. A general asked him, since he is so rich and he is so old, why is he working so hard to make money?The old man replied that it was because he was old that he worked hard. To make money, if you don't make money anymore, you don't have many opportunities.What kind of philosophy of life is this?A friend said that an old man, who is also very rich, specially keeps US dollar bills. Every day before going to bed, he must open the safe and take out the US dollar bills to count them before he can fall asleep.Reading such stories, I feel more and more that the cultivation of "precepts" is too important, and it is not just for fame and fortune.It is quite comfortable to be able to see these truths openly in life, and to be able to experience them. Otherwise, in the evening, if one’s spirit is not arranged, it will be very painful. Therefore, the three precepts of Confucius in life are worthy of vigilance. Philosophy of fear Confucius said: A gentleman has three fears: fear of the destiny, fear of great men, and fear of the words of sages.The villain does not know the destiny and does not fear it, he insults the adults and insults the words of the saints. The so-called fear here is reverence. Being fearless in life is really very dangerous. There are only two kinds of people who can be fearless, one is the first-class wise person, and the other is the most stupid person.This is a philosophical issue, just like religious belief. I often advise my friends that it is not bad to have a religious belief. No matter which religion you believe in, you can find a spiritual support in your later years.But when it comes to religious beliefs, there are people with first-class wisdom, and there are also people who are the most stupid. It is difficult for people in the middle to have religious beliefs.If there is nothing to fear in life, life will be over without fear. For example, do you have anything to fear?There must be. What should I do if I am afraid of getting old?What's the future?What should I do if I have no money?What should I do if I don't have a car?are afraid, one I am afraid all the time.In life, we need to find someone to be afraid of.Confucius taught us to find fear, not without fear.The first "fear of destiny" is equivalent to religious belief. In ancient China, there was no form of religion, but religious philosophy.A university president said: "A very simple sentence, the more you say it, the more people don't understand it, is philosophy." Although this is a joke, it is quite reasonable, which shows that philosophy is difficult to understand.Chinese countrymen are often great philosophers and understand philosophy very well, because they believe in destiny.As for fate, what is it?He doesn't know, anyway, good or bad, he thinks it's fate. This is philosophy, and his thinking has a center.The same is true of destiny. The three words "fear of destiny" include all religious beliefs, belief in God, masters, and Buddhas.These are all "fear of fate".A person who is afraid can achieve something, and a person who is fearless will not succeed. The second point is "fear of adults". This adult does not necessarily mean that officials are too big.Only by being afraid of parents, elders, and people with moral knowledge can one achieve success.The third is "fear of the words of the saints", like we read, read the Four Books and Five Classics, Christians read the Bible, Buddhists read the Buddhist scriptures, these are the words of the saints, and we are afraid of violating the words of the saints. As long as we study the successful people in history, they must have something in their psychology. Speaking of common philosophy, it is to find a belief, a doctrine, and a purpose as the center. If there is no such center, it will be over.Confucius said, on the contrary, villains do not know the destiny, so they are not afraid. "Flirting with adults", playing with others, distrusting everything, and not being afraid of the words of saints, results in nothing.There are many reasons behind this, history, politics, philosophy, etc. are all related. In ancient and modern Chinese and foreign history, anyone who has created something must find a hat to wear.Speaking of this, we think of a story: there are two snakes, big and small, and they want to cross the street. The big snake wants to swagger past, but the little snake dare not pass, so I stop the big snake and say, if you cross the street like this, you and I will both be killed.Orochi asked what to do?The little snake said that there is a way to get there, not only will we not be beaten to death, but someone will build the Dragon King Temple for us.The big snake asked him what to do?The little snake said, you still hold your head up and swagger past, but let me stand on your head and pass together.In this way, not only were we not beaten to death, but people were surprised to see it. They must think that the Dragon King came out and set up an incense table to worship us.They also sent us to another place to build a Dragon King Temple.As a result, I crossed the street in this way, and sure enough, the locals built a Dragon King Temple after seeing it.The analysis of this story makes a lot of sense, so if a business wants to be successful, it often needs to stand on top of someone who is afraid of it.So a friend went into business, and I advised him to appoint another little snake to be the chairman of the board. Don't be the general manager, just be a deputy general manager.Cross the street slowly. After success, there is a Dalongwang Temple anyway, which has its own place to enjoy the shade. If you don't succeed, you can do less. There is another story. In ancient times, there was a prince who already had a high reputation and wanted to travel around the world to cultivate his reputation.At this time, an old country man suddenly came, with a broken umbrella under his arm, his words were not overwhelming, and his appearance was not surprising. He claimed to be the teacher of the king, said that he could be the teacher of the emperor, and helped to bring peace to the world, and asked to see the prince.After the announcement, the crown prince extended his visit, and the old man said, I heard that you are going abroad, but you can’t go like this, you want to worship me as a teacher, you want to praise me everywhere, and when you are entertained by various countries, the boss wants to let me sit. to be successful.The prince asked him what is the reason for this?The old man said, I thought you were very smart, and you understood it when you mentioned it, but you still don't understand it, which shows that you are stupid.Let me tell you now, you were born as the crown prince, and you will never take the second place, and your international prestige is already so high, if you visit again, it will not increase much.But you went out this time differently. You brought a bad old man like me and complimented me everywhere. Everyone has a different perception of you and thinks you are great.First, you are a corporal and very humble.Second, people don't know how much knowledge this old man has in his belly, so they are afraid of you.If countries have these two perceptions of you, you will be successful.The prince did as he did, and it succeeded.This is not just a joke, from which we can understand life.Once you understand this trick, you will also have the key to history, and even the key to personal success. I understand the reason. Sometimes it is very comfortable to give up a good seat to others and help lift the sedan chair beside me.This is the principle of the three fears of a gentleman. It is a kind of morality that one must find one to be afraid of and do it with sincerity and respect.Believe in a religion if there is no fear, and if there is no fear, go home and pretend to be afraid of your wife.This is really a philosophy. I found that a person with thoughts and beliefs has absolutely different achievements. When a person has nothing to control himself, it is easy to fail. Otherwise, it is better to go home and worship Guanyin Bodhisattva. The conditions of learning Confucius said: Those who are born with knowledge are the best.Those who learn and know are second.Learn it while you are sleepy, and the second is also.If you are sleepy and don't study, the people will be in trouble! This is the relationship between education and genius. Confucius said that some people are born with knowledge, this is a genius, a superior person.It is true that some people are born with knowledge. This can be seen in Chinese and foreign history. Great military strategists do not necessarily understand the art of war. There is a saying in Chinese history that the famous Song Dynasty general Di Qing fought with "hidden art of war."That is to say, he was not born in martial arts, but he naturally has a military genius.As far as I know, there are many friends who speak very well about military theory, but they always lose when they fight.Great politicians are not necessarily graduates from the Department of Political Science.Therefore, regardless of any aspect of literature or art, there are geniuses.Confucius did not study philosophy or ethics Department of Science, Department of Education; neither Jesus nor Lao Tzu studied any department.Their knowledge is correct, and it is not easy for thousands of years. They are geniuses born with knowledge.The second is to "learn and know", and you will be able to learn; the second is to "learn while you are tired", you must force yourself, everyone must have this spirit, force yourself, and stipulate yourself to work hard.My personal experience may be due to different personal hobbies. I feel something is wrong every few days if I don’t touch the book, just like a person who doesn’t play poker for a few days and gets itchy.But this is "studying when you are stuck", and you set your own rules. You must read books, and reading novels is good.But there are ordinary people who are sleepy and don’t learn, and forcefully set a limit for him to learn, but he still refuses to learn. Confucius said: A gentleman has nine thoughts: seeing and thinking, hearing and thinking, color and warmth, appearance and respect, words and loyalty, things and respect, doubts and questions, anger and difficulties, seeing and thinking. These nine conditions completely deal with ideological issues.In terms of our life and thinking, with ethics and morality as the standard of being a human being, Confucius said that there are nine key points.If this section is explained on the surface of the text, there is no need to talk about it again. For example, "seeing Siming", of course, you must see things clearly, but this does not mean seeing things with two eyes. Now the eyes can't see clearly.没有关系，街上眼镜店多得很。这是抽象的，讲精神上对任何事情的观察，要特别注意看得清楚。同样听了别人的话以后，也要加以考虑，所以谣言止于智者。我经验中常遇到赵甲来说钱乙，钱乙来说孙丙，我也常常告诉他们说，这些话不必相信，只是谣言，听来的话要用智慧去判断。脸色态度要温和，套用现代的话，是不可摆出神气的样子。对人的态度，处处要恭敬，恭敬并不是刻板，而是出于至诚的心情。讲话言而有信。对事情负责任。有怀疑就要研究，找寻正确的答案。 “忿思难”的“忿”，照文字上讲是忿怒，实际是情绪上的冲动，就是对一件事情，在情绪上冲动要去做时，要考虑考虑，每件事都有它难的一面，不要一鼓作气就去做了。最重要的是“见得思义”，凡是种种利益，在可以拿到手的时候，就应该考 虑是否合理，应该不应该拿。 孔子曰：见善如不及，见不善如探汤，吾见其人矣，吾闻其语矣。隐居以求其志，行义以达其道，吾闻其语矣，未见其人也。 上面讲了人生的大原则，这里孔子提供自己的经验，他说有些人见善如不及，看到别人好的地方，自己赶紧想学习，怕来不及去学；见不善如探汤，看到坏的事情，就像手伸到滚开的水里一样，马上缩手。就是说有些人看见坏的事情绝对不做。孔子说，像这样专门走好的路子，坏的路子碰都不碰的人，我还看过，也听到过他这样的言论。 第二点，他说有些人隐居以求其志，一辈子不想出来，尤其古代以做官为发展志向唯一的道路，可是有些人一辈子不肯出来做官，自己自由意志，做自己的学问，管自己的人生，不想出名，也不想做官，做事则处处要求合宜、合情、合理，走仁义的路线。孔子说，这样的言论我听得多了，可是没有看到真这样做到的人，所以绝对不要功名富贵，行义以达其道的，在理论上讲起来容易，做起来非常难。 这里两条作为对比。上面是说专门做好事，坏事碰都不碰，这样的人蛮多，第二条的人难了，一辈子功名富贵不足以动心的，这在理论上讲容易，到功名富贵摆在面前时，而能够不要的，却很难很难！这是人生哲学。但要注意，这一篇内容都离不开政治哲学。 因此，接着便有： 齐景公有马千驷，死之日，民无德而称焉。伯夷、叔齐饿于首阳之下，民到于今称之。其斯之谓与？ 这一段古人把它圈断了，因此宋儒认为应该是属于《颜渊第十二》篇中“诚不以富，亦祗以异”的下面。大概古人用竹简刻书，搬来搬去搬错了地方。我看不尽然，就如此紧接上面也很通的。孔子说，齐景公是天生的诸侯，掌政权时，财产很多，有上千的名马。换句话说，他富贵到了极点，可是在他死了以后，没有一点好事留下来值得世人去怀念他，老百姓早把他忘了；在伯夷、叔齐两兄弟，连皇帝都不要当，最后是饿死在首阳山，到现在大家都还在称颂他们，真是万古留名，这就是“隐居以求其志，行义以达其道。”这两句话的意义的表现了。换言之：如果没有薄帝王而不为的修养，随便讲“隐居以求其志”，那也只是说说叫叫而已。 Heirloom of Poems and Ceremonies 下面近于这一篇的结论了： 陈亢问于伯鱼曰：子亦有异闻乎？对曰：未也。尝独立，鲤趋而过庭，曰：“学诗乎？”对曰：“未也。”“不学诗，无以言。”鲤退而学诗。他日又独立，鲤趋而过庭，曰：“学礼乎？”对曰：“未也。”“不学礼，无以立。”鲤退而学礼。闻斯二者。陈亢退而喜曰：“问一得三：闻诗、闻礼、又闻君子之远其子也。” 这是孔子本身的故事，用它放在本篇后面来作结论的，这中间很有道理了。陈亢是孔子的学生，名子禽。上论中提到子禽问于子贡，他提出怀疑，问孔子到每个国家，到底是想干政治？还是希望对人家有所贡献？这位同学蛮有意思的，常常研究孔子，对孔子常存怀疑。伯鱼名鲤，是孔子的儿子，年轻就死了，鲤的儿子就是写《中庸》的子思。有一天，子禽拉着孔子的儿子伯鱼，问他道，我们的老师就是你的父亲，他另外有什么秘诀传给你吧？对你有什么与我们不同的教育没有？伯鱼说，没有。但是一件事可告诉你，有一天我父亲一个人站在那里，（这时当然没有同学在旁边，应该是父子间，讲秘密话的时候。）我回来，匆匆走过大厅，他看见了叫我过去问，近来读什么书？有没有研究诗的学问？我对父亲说还没有，我父亲就告诫我，如果不学诗就无法讲话。 （中国古代的诗，包罗万象，研究了诗，知识自然就会渊博，能多了解各种知识，例如对生物界的禽鱼鸟兽之名，多所认识，乃至对科学性的植物、动物，各种知识都能了解而博物。所以告诉伯鱼，不学诗，知识不够渊博，知识不渊博，则不论作文章、说话都不行。）因此我开始学诗了。又有一天我碰到我父亲，他问我学礼没有？I said no.我父亲就说，一个人不学礼，不懂文化的基本精神，怎么站得起来作人？我听了他老人家教训，就进一步研究“礼”这方面的学问。只听了两点。伯鱼这样答复子禽。换句话说，孔子对儿子的教育和对学生的一样，一点没有秘诀和私心。子禽听了伯鱼的话，非常高兴，他说我只问了一个问题，研究老师，现在了解了三方面：第一我知道了学诗的重要，知识渊博的重要；第二知道礼的重要，就是文化中心的重要；第三知道孔子真是圣人，没有私心，对自己儿子的教育，和对学生的教育一样。讲到这里，我想到一个亲身的经历，我一位太老师（老师的老师）赵凤箎先生，广西人，不但中国学问深，也深通佛学，是很令人敬仰的。佛的精神讲度众生，众生并不专指人，人乃是众生之一，一切有生命的动物，都是众生。我的老师告诉我，这位太老师有很多奇怪的事，他只有一位独子，后来在成都司法界任职，我的老师访问他，太老师一生的学问，在他看起来有什么特点。他笑笑说：“先严没什么特点。先严视一切众生如儿女，对儿女却视同一切众生。”他这两句话我始终记得，越想越有味道。他的上一句话随便说还容易，下一句话“对儿女视同一切众生”更难了。这就是前辈们的教育，爱一切人如爱自己儿女一样，对自己儿女和对一切人一样，我真是心向往之，仰慕这种做法，教育上没有私心。 称呼的礼节 邦君之妻，君称之曰“夫人”，夫人自称曰“小童”。邦人称之曰“君夫人”，称诸异邦曰“寡小君”。异邦人称之，亦曰“君夫人”。 这是中国古代的礼。这一篇，由季氏开始，讲文化的衰落、历史的演变，后来讲礼义的重要，最后加一个看起来好像不相干的称谓问题。邦君之妻，就是诸侯的太太，诸侯公称她叫夫人。她对诸侯自称小童，老百姓称她为君夫人，外交礼貌上自称寡小君，外国人对她也称君夫人。这是古代礼貌，这些礼貌，现在就很难讲了！研究这个，中国有一套书，不过现在这个阶段，没有严格讲究这种礼貌，但是我想将来新的文化，还是会继承这种精神，只是名称不同而已。目前这个文化很混乱， 有许多称呼很难。譬如女老师的丈夫应该如何称呼？讨论了很久，好像现在已经决定了称“师丈”。现在有许多称呼很怪。如“世伯”的称呼，就有许多人不懂，而称“王伯伯”、“李妈妈”，以前称姓是不敬的；如“敝处”一词年轻人就不懂，而自称“府上某地”的，那就太平遍了。至于“台甫”、“贵庚”就更不懂了。这个时代，不知道是我落伍了，还是文化衰落了，但一切人文规范显得非常紊乱，社交礼貌也是花样百出，各行其是。文化的复兴应该表里同时进行，现在的国民生活 须知，应加以广泛而详尽的订定，以适合现今的需要。