Chapter 18 Part Seventeen: On Science

Confucius is a teacher, this is the most important label of Confucius.In fact, throughout Confucius' life, his greatest contribution was education, and his most successful achievement was education. The greatest thing about Confucius is not the wealth of knowledge, but the teaching of knowledge to the students.A lot has been said before about teaching students according to the individual.Then, regarding the learning method itself, Confucius' comprehension is also excellent.Many words of Confucius have become maxims, which have been handed down through the ages and have had a profound impact on the entire Chinese nation.Even those who criticized Confucius after the May 4th Movement often quoted Confucius' words, which proves the influence of Confucius' thought on all Chinese people.

Confucius' exposition on learning can be said to be eloquent. The Master said: "Reviewing the old and learning the new, you can be a teacher." Confucius said: "When reviewing old knowledge, if you can have new experience and new discoveries, you can be a teacher." What kind of person can be a teacher?Those who know how to summarize and draw new insights from existing knowledge can be teachers.The words of Confucius are correct. Those who can only study hard lack creativity, so how can they inspire students?When such a person is a teacher, he can only be inferior to a crab.Therefore, whenever the students had new insights, Confucius was always very happy, which is why he especially liked talking with Zixia and Zigong.

Learn the new by reviewing the old, this idiom comes from here. Nowadays, being a teacher does not need to learn the new by reviewing the past, it is enough to learn the past by reviewing the past.Lectures are taught in accordance with the syllabus for the purpose of examinations.Those who can really learn the new by reviewing the past have to go to the stage of master's degree.However, after more than ten years of cramming education, everyone's ability to review the old and learn the new has already decayed to the original stage. Confucius said: "Learning without thinking will lead to death, and thinking without learning will lead to peril."

Confucius said: "If you only read and study without thinking about problems, you will be ignorant and have no gain; if you only dream without reading and studying, you will be confused." Therefore, it is necessary to learn and think; to think and not to give up learning.Learning and thinking, this is the standard of a good student.Confucius has always hoped that his students can give full play to their studies instead of memorizing them by rote.At first Confucius thought that Yan Hui was just a bookworm, but later he found out that he still had his own ideas, so he was relieved.However, it is not enough to have one's own thoughts. Confucius also hoped that students could use their own thoughts to communicate and even argue with themselves, so that they would also make progress. The reason why Confucius liked Zixia was because Zixia possessed such talents.

Rote memorization, cramming education itself is not the idea of ​​Confucius.In the current education, students lack the ability to think independently, do not know where to use the knowledge they have learned, and are confused and ignorant about the future, all because our education ignores the students' thinking. The Master said: "The one who knows is not as good as the one who likes it, and the one who likes it is not as good as one who enjoys it." Confucius said: "Those who understand it are not as good as those who love it; those who love it are not as good as those who enjoy it."

This is a different level of learning knowledge, the lowest level is understanding; the higher level is hobbies, which will explore the deeper connotation; and the higher level is to enjoy it, so that the whole body and mind are involved in it, so that you can experience it. Have fun, get the spirit of it.Among the disciples of Confucius, there are two people who have entered the ranks of those who enjoy themselves. Yan Hui enjoys the teacher's teachings, and Gong Xihua enjoys the rituals of Zhou. What is Confucius enjoying?Have fun in Zhouli. The so-called enthusiasts are generally those who enjoy music.Roughly the most perfect successful person is that his "happy" career has become his own career.For example, Bill Gates and Jobs, they are both "joyers", they are happy to innovate.Everyone should ask themselves in their spare time: Where am I happy?

Confucius said: "If you don't learn enough, you are afraid of losing it." Confucius said: "Learning knowledge is like worrying about not being able to catch up, and it's like worrying about losing it after you have it." This is Confucius talking about his learning attitude. He is always worried that he will not learn new knowledge, and he is always worried that the knowledge he has learned will be forgotten, so he is always learning and reviewing the past to learn the new.Of course, this is what Confucius said when he was giving lessons to his disciples, and he hoped that his disciples would have such a learning attitude—desire.

Studying is like chasing a girlfriend. On the one hand, you are eager to get it, but on the other hand, you are afraid of losing it. The Master said: "If you don't get angry, don't open up, if you don't complain, don't express. If you take one corner and don't use three corners to counter it, then there will be no more." Confucius said: "Teach a student, don't enlighten him until he wants to understand but can't; don't enlighten him until he thinks it out but can't express it. Teach him one aspect of things, but he can't If you can deduce the other three aspects from this, then don’t teach him any more.”

We talked about the attitude of learning before, and now we will talk about the method of learning.Confucius said that if a student does not want to learn, he will not teach; if he does not seek answers, he will not teach; if he does not use his brain, he will not teach.Therefore, the students of Confucius must learn to use their brains to solve problems.In this regard, Confucius' education method is very modern. This is heuristic education. Enraged and inspired, these two commonly used words come from here. What is the key to heuristic education?It lies in the correct guidance. Through guidance, students are allowed to ask questions on their own initiative.However, different age groups require different guidance methods and different educational content.For example, primary school students need to be taught the content based on human nature, such as being honest, knowing how to respect others, and so on.If you talk about patriotism and giving up one's life for righteousness to elementary school students, they can't understand it at all, so how can they be interested?How can there be a problem?Therefore, children's education should be guided by the aspects of kindness and humanity that children can accept.Rather than from the perspective of adults, I can't wait to instill in them the thoughts that adults should have.

The Master said: "Knowing it silently, never getting tired of learning, never getting tired of teaching, what is it for me?" Confucius said: "Remember (what you have learned) silently, learn without getting bored, and teach people without getting tired. What difficulties can this have for me?" Imagine what kind of scene this is. Someone asked Confucius if being a teacher was hard and boring, and Confucius answered him like this.For Confucius, learning and teaching students are very happy and easy things, and it can be said that he enjoys it. Never tire of learning and tireless teaching, these two idioms come from here.

A good teacher can teach and a bad teacher can destroy. The Master said: "When three people walk together, there must be my teacher: choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones." Confucius said: "Three people are together, and one of them must be my teacher. I choose his good character to learn from him, and when I see his bad qualities, I use it as a reference to correct my own shortcomings." The ruler is shorter and the inch is longer, which is roughly what Confucius meant.Everyone has their own strengths, and there is something for people to learn from.The biggest problem here is not whether to learn or not, but how to judge what is good and what is bad. Of course it's easy to say, and it sounds beautiful.However, it was very difficult for Confucius himself to do this. With three thousand students, which student did Confucius ask for advice? The word "Xing" in Threesomes does not mean to walk, but to be together. Look at the strengths of others, and you can improve yourself.The question is, how to see the strengths of others, this is a greater learning. The Master said: "The second and third sons take me as a secret? I have nothing to hide. If I have nothing to do but not with the second and third sons, it is Qiu Ye." Confucius said: "Students, do you think I have something to hide from you? I have nothing to hide. I have nothing to tell you. I, Confucius, am such a person." The relationship between people is close and distant, and a bowl of water can never be balanced.Why did Confucius say such a thing?Obviously, some people thought that Confucius was eccentric and taught some "exclusive cheats" to individual disciples in private.It's no wonder that some people have such thoughts. If you see the teacher always eating, drinking and having fun with a few classmates, you will think so too.Confucius seemed to be always surrounded by those few disciples, and it was strange for the rest of the disciples to have no idea.Therefore, Confucius wants to tell everyone: Classmates, although Zigong Ranyou and Yan Hui and I often get together, we just eat and drink, and we really don’t have any small lessons. Actually?Those who get close to the teacher can definitely get more teachings.That's what the so-called near-water towers get the moon first. This sentence should be said by Confucius when he was in Weiguo or just returned to Luguo from Weiguo. You can learn more knowledge by mixing with teachers, and you can get more opportunities by mixing with bosses. The Master said: "If there are those who do not know what to do, I have nothing to do. Learn a lot, choose the good ones and follow them, see a lot and know them, and knowledge is second." Confucius said: "Some people know that they don't understand, but they still pretend to understand and think they have discovered some knowledge. I am not like this. Listen more, choose the best ones to practice; read more, and then keep it in your heart. This is the acquisition of knowledge. Methods." Who is Confucius talking about?It seems that among the disciples of Confucianism, Zigong is the one who is arrogant enough, so this should be something that happened in the early days of Zigong's enrollment.Of course, it is also possible that Confucius was not talking about his own disciples, but someone else. "Knowledge of the second also" is usually translated as "second first" or "second", but it is not the case. It should be the order and method, that is, listening more, seeing more, learning more, and memorizing. This is the way to learn, not pretending not to know. Understand. Learn more, learn from other people's strengths, and learn from advanced culture. The Master said: "Wen Mo, I am still a human being. If I behave like a gentleman, I will not gain anything." Confucius said: "As far as book knowledge is concerned, I am about the same as others. To be a gentleman by practicing, I have not yet achieved it." Confucius spoke objectively and with some humility.Confucius' knowledge is actually much richer than that of ordinary people. He himself said that he was similar to everyone, which is modest.The important thing is the latter sentence, that is, Confucius believed that his executive power was insufficient.In fact, Confucius did have a problem with executive power. During his travels around the world, the only monarch Confucius really met seemed to be Wei Linggong. He promoted himself, but he couldn't meet his boss.Confucius' character is relatively dull and saves face, and he can't open his mouth when asking for help. This is his biggest problem. Today, with the character of Confucius, he is just an associate professor. In fact, people have their own strengths and weaknesses. Some people are good at theory, and some people are good at execution. If a person is good at all aspects, he is an all-rounder, but all-rounders are a minority after all.If you can discover your own strengths and weaknesses, you will have the basis to give full play to your strengths. The Master said: "Do I have any knowledge? I don't know anything. A poor man asked me, but it was empty. I knocked on both ends of it and exhausted it." Confucius said: "Am I knowledgeable? In fact, I am not. A countryman asked me for advice. I had no idea about his problem. I thought about it up and down, but I didn't have a clue." According to the previous explanation, Confucius first said that he was ignorant, and then the country people came to ask him questions, but the questions were empty, so Confucius asked questions from both ends, and solved the problems of the country people through persuasion.This kind of explanation is inconsistent. First, I say that I am not knowledgeable, and then I say that I am super knowledgeable.So, this interpretation is wrong. Mr. Li Ling believed that Confucius was talking about himself in the latter sentence to confirm the previous sentence.However, Mr. Li Ling said at the end: "I suspect that Confucius said that I know nothing in front of a fool." People can't answer.I secretly think that Mr. Li Ling is superfluous in the last sentence.The thinking of Chinese people is different from that of Westerners. Westerners like to laugh at themselves. The Chinese way of thinking is: If I can’t even answer a fool’s question, it proves that I am even more stupid than a fool. Here, Confucius is lamenting his own ignorance, and this lament should come from the problems of the country people.If we change the order of these two sentences, everyone can understand them clearly.A countryman asked Confucius a question, such as why a horse and a donkey gave birth to a mule. Confucius could not answer this question.So, Confucius was very depressed and discouraged. He turned to his disciples and said, "Do I have any knowledge? I don't have any knowledge." Empty, this idiom comes from here. Sometimes the teacher can't answer the questions, which is normal, don't be depressed, and don't doubt yourself, because everyone has areas that they don't understand. The members of the Daxiang party said: "Confucius is great! He is learned but has no fame." Hearing this, he said to his disciples, "Why do I hold on? Do I hold on to the imperial court? Do I hold on to shooting? I am holding on to the imperial court." Someone in the Daxiang party satirized: "Confucius is really good! He is very knowledgeable. The problem is, there is nothing commendable." Confucius heard about it and said to his students: "Yes, what can I do? What are you doing? Driving? Or archery? I’ll drive.” In the Zhou Dynasty, five hundred families were one party, and Daxiang was the name of the party.It is also said that Xiangdang is a township party, which is a residential area, and Daxiang party is an aristocratic residential area.In fact, it doesn't matter where the Daxiang Party is, what matters is whether this sentence praises Confucius or satirizes Confucius. Most of the ancient explanations for this passage were to say that Confucius was too knowledgeable to make a choice, so he did not become famous in a certain area.Then the words behind Confucius are modest, because Yu Bishe's status is low. However, most of the explanations in recent years tend to be satirizing Confucius who is proficient in everything but not good at everything.So Confucius rebutted.The author believes that irony seems to be more logical and the situation at the time, and there is no distinction between archery and imperialism.As for the analysis of this whole passage, Mr. Li Ling's explanation in "The Lost Dog" is the most incisive, and I borrow it for use. Confucius' answer was very ingenious. He used archery and imperial combat as examples.In ancient chariots, the archer and the archer cooperate with each other, and the division of labor is different. The archer aims at the target and shoots at a single point; the archer is not like this, he runs around with the archer, and only by running around can he find suitable target.Bo and Jing, it is best to have both; but to choose one of the two, he would rather choose Bo. (Excerpt from Mr. Li Ling's "The Lost Dog") Follow Mr. Li Ling's explanation and develop further.In the Zhou Dynasty, there were three chariots, the chariot, the archer, and the chariot, and the chariot on the right was a long weapon.The role of the charioteer is to lead the shooter and the chariot to the right, not to fight.Therefore, the controller is more like a teacher, guiding the way for the disciples, allowing the disciples to develop, and he is willing to be an unsung hero.So what Confucius means is: I am knowledgeable but not famous, that is because I am a teacher, and my duty is to make my disciples famous. If I do this, I am already very successful. Confucius' words are both a refutation and an explanation to his disciples. A good teacher should have the spirit of a master. The Master said: "I have tasted not eating all day long, not sleeping all night, and thinking about it is useless. It is better to learn." Confucius said: "I used to go without eating all day and all night without sleep, thinking about it, but it didn't do any good. I might as well study." Confucius emphasized the importance of learning and told everyone that self-study is of course very important, and it is of course important to be diligent in thinking, but learning from teachers is the best way.Generally speaking, at this time, some people wanted to drop out of school and go home to become self-taught, so Confucius told everyone in time: it is best to learn from the teacher. Confucius said earlier: Learning without thinking will lead to death, and thinking without learning will lead to peril.To think, but to combine thinking and learning. After falling out of love, you can't eat, you can't sleep, and you can't understand it. It's better to find a new one. Confucius said: "The scholars of ancient times were for themselves, and the scholars of today are for others." Confucius said: "People in ancient times studied to improve themselves, but people today study to show others." Confucius' words are somewhat incomprehensible.If so, why did Confucius study?Improve yourself for yourself?So what do you teach students to do?You should keep studying.Isn't teaching students just being human?The original meaning of Confucius roughly said that the ancients studied to improve themselves, so they had no distracting thoughts and learned purely; but now they study for the purpose of earning a living in the future, so they have selfish and distracting thoughts, and only choose things for face to learn. However, isn't Confucius just the patriarch who advocated "scholars should be human beings"?Isn't he letting the students study just to let them become officials?When Confucius said this, it was equivalent to saying: "Damn it, why do modern people speak so uncivilized." It was Confucius' old age again, he complained a lot, and he didn't like anything. In fact, everyone learns for themselves.Even if it is for others to see, it is for yourself. Que party boy will be ordered.Or ask: "Where is the benefit?" The Master said: "I see that he is in the position, and he is walking with his husband. He is not a person who seeks benefits, but a person who wants to achieve quick success." A boy in Queli was about to hold a coming-of-age ceremony. Someone asked Confucius: "Is this a child who wants to improve?" A motivated person is just a person who is eager to become an adult." What is general life?The usual saying is to convey a message. If it is interpreted in this way, then the subsequent dialogue will be very abrupt and difficult to establish.In fact, general life is a coming-of-age ceremony, that is, a crown ceremony. When a man is crowned at the age of twenty, he is an adult from then on.At the same time of crowning, you get your own characters, so that the name is complete, so the crown ceremony is also a naming ceremony, so it is also called general life.A young man in Queli was about to hold a coming-of-age ceremony, and someone at the scene asked Confucius how the child was doing.Confucius just said, I think he is sitting in his seat and waiting, he seems to be very urgent, but when he came here just now, he walked side by side with the elders, I think he is not a child who wants to make progress, but he is just looking forward to becoming an adult soon . Before you are an adult, you should not walk side by side with your elders.The so-called quick success is not eager for success, but eager to become an adult. In the rush for success, the rules in the process are often ignored.This is often the reason why all kinds of image projects become shabby projects. The Master said: "If you can speak with words but not speak with them, you will lose people; if you can't speak with words but speak with them, you will lose words. Those who know will not lose people, nor will they lose words." Confucius said: "If you can talk to him, but don't talk to him, this is losing a friend; if you can't talk to him, but talk to him, this is a wrong word. A wise person neither loses friends nor loses friends." Don't say anything wrong." These two sentences are the life lessons of Confucius, but also the teachings of his disciples.Confucius made many mistakes like this when he was unsuccessful all his life.At the same time, Confucius was also educating students. Yan Hui did not say what he should say, so he had few friends and narrow paths; Zigong talked too much in his early days and said what he should not say, so people didn't like him. It is very important to talk to whom and what to order.This is not to follow the wind to make the rudder, but the truth of life. Observing words and emotions is not the same as acting according to the wind, but it takes skill to behave in the world. The Master said: "A gentleman has nothing to eat, nothing to live in, and nothing to live in. He is sensitive to things but cautious in his words. He has the way and is righteous. It can be said that he is eager to learn." Confucius said: "A gentleman does not seek satiation in food, does not seek comfort in living, is diligent and quick in his work, but cautious in his speech. Going to the right people to correct himself, this can be said to be easy to learn." There is a prerequisite for studiousness, that is, the requirements for life should not be too high.Why did Confucius have such a view?Generally speaking, Confucius didn't like those who lived affluent lives, and believed that the second generation of rich people were inferior. In fact, the rich second generation does not mean that they are hard to learn. The Master said: "The future generations are to be feared. How do you know that the ones who come are not the present ones? Forty or fifty, if you don't hear about it, it's not enough to be afraid of." Confucius said: "Young people are worthy of awe. How do you know that the next generation is not as good as the previous generation? If he is still unknown at the age of forty or fifty, then he has nothing to be awed by." What Confucius wants to say actually has two meanings. One is that young people can be feared, and the other is that some students are in their 40s and 50s and have nothing to do, so they are useless in this life. Young people are awesome, this idiom comes from here. The younger generation is not only scary, but very scary.In modern society, the drive and passion of young people make the previous generation quickly face falling behind. The Master said: "Three years of study will not lead to valleys, and it is not easy to obtain." Confucius said: "Those who have studied for three years and are still unable to become an official are not easy to find." No matter how you look at it, it looks like an admissions advertisement, just like the distribution of college graduation packages now.Confucius said that after studying here for three years, you can become a civil servant with a normal level. Of course, if you are too poor, then I can't help it. Therefore, this sentence is rarely mentioned by later generations, it is too much bragging.Look at the disciples of Confucius, how many of them can become officials after three years of study? This sentence should have been said by Confucius after he returned to the state of Lu, because at this time, Ran You was the housekeeper of Ji Sun's family, and he could arrange some work for the juniors, so Confucius had the confidence to brag.Later Confucius was dissatisfied with Ran, and it is estimated that he also complained that Ran You could not satisfy the teacher in arranging the work of his juniors, brothers and nephews. It is normal to not find a job after four years of university; Confucius said: "Those who are born with knowledge are the best, those who learn to know are second; those who learn when they are tired, are second; when they are tired and do not learn, the people are the lowest." Confucius said: "A person who knows from birth is a superior person; a person who learns it after learning is a second-class person; a person who learns after encountering difficulties is a second-class person; People who study, such people are inferior people.” Confucius divided people into levels according to the way of acquiring knowledge.The first class is to be born knowing it. In fact, being born knowing it should not be interpreted as being born knowing it. No one can be born knowing it.Born to know is interpreted as the kind of people who have high comprehension and can learn knowledge through their own observation and analysis; the second class is to learn to know, that is, to learn knowledge by actively asking others for advice; the third class is to learn without initiative. People who are forced to learn when they have no choice; the fourth class is the worst, and they will not learn even if they are beaten to death. In Confucius' view, the ancient sages belonged to those who were born with knowledge, because they had no teachers at that time, and they had to create and comprehend by themselves. Born to know, this idiom comes from here. People are born with different levels of intelligence, but as long as they are willing to learn, they will not be the lowest.Who wouldn't study even if beaten to death?lazy person.Therefore, laziness is the root of all evil. The Master said: "I am not born to know, I am fond of the ancients, and I am quick to seek it." Confucius said: "I am not a person born with knowledge, but a person who likes ancient times and works diligently to acquire knowledge." In Confucius' hierarchy, he placed himself in the second category.Confucius never said that he was a genius, he always just said that he was "sensitive and eager to learn".On the point of being eager to learn, Confucius can proudly say that he has done a good job. Except for this point, Confucius never dared to boast.It should be said that before the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease appeared, Confucius had always been modest and pertinent. This is of course educating students. Some students have poor qualifications or lack of perseverance, so they suspect that the teacher is born smarter than themselves, so no matter how hard they work, it is useless.So Confucius said, I also work hard the day after tomorrow. As long as you study hard, you will be as knowledgeable as me. It doesn't matter if you are not born smart enough, as long as you are willing to learn, you will make progress. The Master said: "Only the superior wisdom and the inferior fool cannot be moved." Confucius said: "Only the superior wise and the inferior fools cannot be changed." There are two explanations for the superior wisdom and the inferior stupidity, and both explanations are correct. The first explanation is that superior wisdom refers to the wisdom of superior people, specifically, the wisdom of gentlemen, and inferior stupidity refers to the ignorance of inferior people, specifically, the lower classes of ordinary people.Then the meaning of this sentence is that the gentleman is always wise, and the common people are always stupid.If this sentence is interpreted in this way, then this sentence was said by Confucius in his later years, when he despised the common people very much. The second explanation is that superior wisdom is the first class of people who "know it from birth" mentioned above, and inferior fools are the fourth class of people who refuse to learn even if they are killed.The meaning of this sentence is that Shangzhi sees everything and can't be fooled no matter what; Xiayu's brain is flooded, and they don't understand what they say. Which one does Confucius mean?Probably only he himself knows.Perhaps, both meanings exist at the same time. Celebrities insist on their own opinions, they are unwavering; ordinary people insist on their opinions, they are stubborn. Zi does not talk about strangeness, strength, chaos, and god. Confucius did not talk about weirdness, violence, chaos, ghosts and gods. Confucius talked about knowledge, benevolence, rituals and music, all of which can be achieved by human beings, but the things of demons and ghosts cannot be achieved or predicted by human beings, so what are they for?After talking too much, everyone has gone to believe in ghosts and gods, but not the teacher.So Confucius said respect ghosts and gods and keep them at a distance. If Confucius lived in modern times, besides strange powers and gods, he would not even talk about gossip?It is a pity that strange power and chaos are the mainstream of modern movies, and gossip is the mainstream of people's conversation.Therefore, on Weibo, the most fans are so-called celebrities, because they staged strange powers in movies and gossip in real life. Zi Yi taught four things: literature, behavior, loyalty, and trustworthiness. Confucius taught students four things: culture, virtue, loyalty, and honesty. Culture is poetry, books, rites and music, etc., virtue is correct behavior, loyalty means doing things with all your heart, and integrity means saying what you say.In a nutshell, Confucius taught students both moral and intellectual education, benevolence and knowledge. Now we only talk about culture and virtue. The question is, without loyalty and integrity, can virtue work? Zi Suo's elegant words, poems and books.Executing rituals are all elegant words. Confucius sometimes spoke elegant words, and when he read the "Book of Songs", read, and praised, he used elegant words. Yayan, also known as Xiayan, is the official language or Mandarin of the past, poetry and books, and various etiquette, and you should use elegant language.Just like the later Tang Poetry and Song Ci, even if the author does not understand Mandarin, it is better to read it in Mandarin.As for the dialect of Yayan, it is impossible to test. It may be Shaanxi, Henan, or Shanxi.Confucius grew up in the state of Lu, and the opportunity to get in touch with the elegant language was roughly during the official sacrifices. After hundreds of years of changes, this kind of elegant language should be "Shandong Mandarin". Therefore, Confucius' elegant language , which is naturally Shandong Mandarin.Specifically, it is Lunan Mandarin. People from Shandong speak Mandarin, and people from Sichuan speak Mandarin.However, what does it feel like for Shandong people to speak Shaanxi dialect?never seen it.It is estimated that the taste of the flatbread with scallions and roujiamo will be more flavorful. Subjue four: don't intend, don't have to, don't be solid, don't be self. Confucius put an end to four kinds of ills: not making up out of thin air, not making arbitrary conclusions, not being stubborn and rigid, and not subjectively imagining. In fact, no one can really fully achieve these four points, Confucius just tried his best to make himself achieve these points.For example, when it comes to the rituals of Zhou, Confucius was stubborn and rigid.In his later years, Confucius was obviously not as good as before in these aspects. Who is this praise to Confucius?Zi Gong.Why Zigong?Because Zigong has the most experience.Zigong and Confucius have also been fighting wits and courage for a long time, and it is precisely with such virtues that Confucius completely conquered him.The rest of the disciples didn't argue much with Confucius, so they didn't feel deeply about the above four points. Another person who often collides with Confucius academically is Zixia, but Zixia has been following his teacher until his old age, and his virtue in this aspect has long been inferior to before.To put it simply, Zixia followed his teacher to revise "Spring and Autumn". According to "Historical Records", Zixia and others couldn't get in a word. It seems that they praised Confucius for being too knowledgeable and the gap between his disciples was too great.From another point of view, it was very difficult for Confucius to accept other people's opinions at this time.Therefore, it is impossible for Zixia to say this sentence. It is really not easy to do these points, especially for teachers. The Master said: "The words are just expressive." Confucius said: "As long as the words can express the meaning, it is enough." It seems to be a sentence, but in fact this sentence is very important.The meaning of Confucius should be conveyed in words, as long as the words are clear, you can say it as straightforwardly as you can, and don't make twists and turns, let people guess.There was no literary prison in those days, so there was no need to insinuate and hide the beginning and the end, and play the word game of "Qingfeng is illiterate, why bother flipping through books". Because of this, it can be imagined that both the "Spring and Autumn" are concise and clear texts, which can be understood literally, but it is difficult to understand the literal meaning, and it is good to analyze the relationship according to the context.Therefore, those so-called experts turned around from the Middle East and interpreted the literal meaning into the completely opposite meaning after eighteen rounds. Those are almost all mysticism, nonsense, fame and reputation, and cheating on manuscript fees. Up to now, some people are used to saying one sentence into ten sentences, diluting a mound of shit into twenty farts, and saying that they are pure literature, but in fact they don’t understand literature at all, their thinking is confused, and they waste paper That's all. Therefore, the words of the patriarch should always be remembered: words are just words. In modern society, the pace is fast and time is tight, so speaking and writing must be concise and direct.Just like a newspaper, if the headline doesn't attract people, no one will read it.Like a movie, there is no climax in the first two minutes, and the channel changes.