Chapter 43 Du Fu Wu

When Du Fu passed Xin'an County, he found that the children were also taken into the army by the government.He questioned: "The middle man is absolutely short, why guard the king's city?" The middle man refers to boys under the age of sixteen, and the king's city refers to Luoyang.Boys from all over the county were collected and sent to the front line overnight, many of them were fat or thin boys aged twelve or thirteen. "Fat men are sent by their mothers, and thin men are alone." Amidst the crying, Du Fu comforted several thin men and said, "Don't let your eyes dry up, and let your tears flow. When your eyes dry up, you will see your bones, and the world will eventually be merciless. Our army Take Xiangzhou, and look forward to his peace day and night... Kuang is Wang Shishun, and his care is very clear."

Even if he knew it was a lie, Du Fu could only say so.It is useless for a child to cry to death when he goes to the front line. What else can he say besides comfort? On the way from Xin'an to Tongguan, Du Fu encountered a scene that was even more shocking, so he wrote "Shihao Officials". In Mutou Shihao Village, officials arrested people at night.The old man walked over the wall, and the old woman went out to watch the door. Why are the officials so angry, why are the women crying!Listen to the speech before the wife: Three men, Ye Chengxu, One man attached a book, and the second man died in battle.The survivors live in stealth, and the dead are long gone.

There is no one in the room, only grandchildren.There is a grandma who has not gone, and there is no end to the skirt. Although the old woman's strength is weak, please return from the official night.In response to the Heyang campaign, we still have to prepare the morning cooking. For a long time at night, there was no sound, as if weeping and swallowing.The day is on the way to the future, and I will say goodbye to the old man alone. Yecheng is Xiangzhou.Heyang, now Anyang City, Henan Province.The Tang army was defeated in the Battle of Xiangzhou and retreated to Heyang to resist the enemy.

Du Fu is realistic, always refined, and his pictures are realistic.The old man jumped over the wall eagerly, and the old woman went out in a panic.The officials arrested the man, and the old man fled, thinking that he had escaped a catastrophe, but he didn't know that the old woman was also taken away. "Why are the officials so angry, why are the women crying!" Ten characters, full of emotion.This old lady, the courage makes people respect, but this respect is full of sorrow.Two of her three sons had just died in battle. She stood up for her wife and went to the army to cook. The concubine almost avoided death.Traditional Chinese women are truly great enough to describe.Lao Du is only realistic, even a little calm.The old woman left with the officials, her withered figure disappearing into the vast night.This scene highlights the endless bitterness of the ferocious officials and the old woman with her head held high.Du Fu didn't say a word about the scene of the old man jumping over the wall returning home, but it was all in between the lines.

The poet dawns his future, and bids farewell to the old man alone... The sun rises, the sun sets, and Du Fu walks from one village to another.Villages withered, poets haggard. According to the law promulgated by the Tang Dynasty: "Sixty is old." Du Fu did not live to be sixty because he suffered too much in his heart. ——In order to resist suffering, too much life energy was mobilized. He saw the gray-haired old man on the front line again: the surrounding suburbs are not peaceful, and the elderly are restless.How can we use celibacy to finish the death of our descendants?Throwing the stick and going out, the behavior of the peers is bitter.Fortunately, the teeth survived, but the bone marrow was dry.The man is a gentleman, so don't bow to the official!The old wife is lying on the road and crying, and the clothes are single at the end of the year...

The title of the poem is "Farewell to the Old".Body finished: The body is complete, which means alive.Jie Zhou: battle clothes, used as a verb here. All the descendants are dead, what's the point of the old man living?In fact, he lived for his old wife, and he couldn't escape military service to make such bold remarks.Throw the stick and go out, the crutch is useless, he will take up the sword and gun.He put on the thick armor, and bowed his hands away from the official, but suddenly realized that it was cold, the wind was biting, and the clothes of the old wife who cried and fell by the roadside were thin.The official is at the top and his wife is at the bottom, and the old man is impassioned in the middle.

The more passionate he is, the more bitter we are. The author writes so far, and my heart is turbulent. "Farewell to the Newlyweds" is another kind of desolation: Rabbit silk is attached with fluffy hemp, so the vines are not long.It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a daughter and recruit a husband. The knot is the wife of the king, and the bed is not warm.Farewell in the evening wedding morning, nothing is too hasty! …When my parents raised me, they hid me day and night.Give birth to a daughter, and chickens and dogs have to return. You are going to die now, and the pain is pressing your stomach!I vowed to go with the king, but the situation turned into a panic.

Don't think about the wedding, work hard to do things.When a woman is in the army, the soldier's spirit is afraid. Since I am a poor girl, I have given Luo Rushang for a long time.Luo Ru is no longer used, and I wash my red makeup... Rabbit silk: a vine that grows with other plants. It is a metaphor for a woman who gets married and depends on her husband.Peng and hemp are both low herbaceous plants, and rabbit silk grows on them, so they naturally don't grow tall.Jiu Zhi Luo Rushang: It took a long time to buy a silk wedding dress. The newlywed husband went to die, and the bride took off her wedding dress and washed off her red makeup. Her resoluteness revealed the low sorrow of the world.

Only after reading such poems can we know what life and death are, and what is soul-stirring. When Du Fu wrote about suffering, he often had a heroic spirit in his pen.The heroic spirit runs through the suffering, and then there is depression and setbacks.His arrogance comes from his character, his encounters, and the extraordinary power endowed by his culture.When reading Du's poems, one should not be limited by the form, such as meter.Without understanding his heart, his life characteristics, everything is impossible to talk about. Bai Juyi understood him, and Su Dongpo understood him, so they did everything possible to seek happiness for the common people and small people.Inheriting the past and the future, they have made every effort to expand the space for conscience and aesthetics, and to build an upright Chinese civilization.

What is a spiritual home?This is our spiritual home.I hope today, don't let it go barren. Du Fu did not sing high-profile, did not avoid suffering, and did not go through the motions.In his hand, he has a telescope, a microscope, and a perspective mirror.He does not have the boundless magic power of Guanyin Bodhisattva to save people from water and fire, but his great kindness and compassion are exactly the same. Du Fu walked from Henan to Shaanxi, sympathizing with the world, and he himself is about to start the most distant migration in his life. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), there was a severe drought in Guanzhong. Du Fu resigned from his post in Huazhou and dragged his family away from Qinzhou (Tianshui, Gansu).Prices are high in disaster years, and his salary in Huazhou is not enough to support six or seven people.Although he does a good job, the governor of Huazhou, surnamed Guo, always picks on his faults, deducting money if he doesn't raise his salary.The court is like that again, the villain is arrogant, the new emperor fights the old emperor... Du Fu felt a kind of disappointment that he had never felt before.This year he was forty-eight years old.Resignation means that he no longer misses his official career.He had a younger brother who lived in Qinzhou. He heard that there was plenty of rain and the crops were growing well, so he moved his family there.This move has the nature of fleeing, and he may plan to start farming from now on.Qinzhou is an important border town, located on the west side of Longshan Mountain, a branch of Liupan Mountain. The Han nationality and ethnic minorities live together and have a large population. It sounds like a paradise.Du Fu's calculation was like this: he can collect herbs, Zongwen and Zongwu can go to the fields, and the harvest will be good, so there is no need to use the emperor's food.The Yang family is good at housekeeping, and the family sticks together to survive in troubled times.Du Fu thought of Zhuge Liang and Tao Yuanming, and wrote poems praising these two masters in troubled times.

I lived in Qinzhou for three months, but I couldn't build a house, and my food and clothing were unpredictable.Du Fu also heard that the land in Tonggu (Cheng County, Gansu) is more fertile and rich in yams and taro, which can fill the stomachs of the whole family. There are also endless fresh bamboo shoots and endless wild honey... so he moved to the second place. Tonggu, a hundred miles away.Unexpectedly, when I arrived in Tonggu, I found out that it was not the case.The weather was cold and there was nothing to eat in the mountains. The whole family gathered acorns to satisfy their hunger, and desperately dug a kind of wild taro called Huangdu.He wrote a letter to invite Du Fu to some county magistrate in Tonggu, and after seeing him, he hid, just like his younger brother in Qinzhou. Du Fu left his hometown rashly, trusting relatives and friends too much, and the whole family was in trouble.The temperature was more than ten degrees below zero, and he didn't wear warm clothes or sleep warmly. He set off every morning, took his 20-year-old eldest son, and went into the mountains to dig for Huangdu.After suffering for a month, Du Fu and his wife discussed intensely and decided to travel long distances to Chengdu, the land of abundance, seeing that someone was about to starve to death. He wrote a poem and sighed: "If you don't have food, you will ask for paradise, if you don't have clothes, you will think about Nanzhou." The whole family is on the road again.It was December, the coldest day. He wrote poems along the way, all the way to Jiange. During this year, Du Fu returned to Huazhou from Luoyang, from Huazhou to Qinzhou, from Qinzhou to Tonggu, and from Tonggu to the distant Chengdu. He traveled thousands of miles, suffered from cold and hunger, but wrote the most poems. year.During the three months in Qinzhou, he wrote more than 80 poems.He wandered from place to place, expressing his emotions, recording the customs of the frontier fortress and the customs of the Qiang and Hu in detail, and writing poems wherever he went.We can't help but wonder: What is it that supports him?If it were someone else, I would be so worried.Maybe it's because he has seen all kinds of suffering in different places, so he doesn't care about what happened to him.His mental stamina is extraordinary.He is a frowning optimist who has had a great influence on future generations of scholars.I have no fixed place to live, and I still care about my brothers scattered all over the place: Lu Cong is white tonight, and the moon is bright in my hometown.All younger brothers are scattered, homeless, asking about life and death. ——"Moon Night Reminisces My Brother" Du Fu dreamed of Li Bai for three nights in a row, so he suspected that Li Bai was dead, and wrote "Dreams of Li Bai Two Poems": "Death is farewell, and life is always sad. The south of the Yangtze River is infested, and there is no news of chasing guests." Du Fu missed Li Bai just like he missed his relatives.This person is an altruist, and he doesn't force it.why is it like this?To study him, one should get to the bottom of it. Du Fu's family walked for a whole year before arriving in Chengdu.At that time, Chengdu boasted 100,000 households, but its actual population was around 200,000.The prosperity is second only to Yangzhou, and there is a saying among the folks that "one is better than the other".Chengdu is also called Yizhou.During the Anshi Rebellion, Yangzhou was also destroyed, while Chengdu was far away from the flames of war.Tang Xuanzong once ran there, and now Du Fu has great hopes for it. In the spring of the following year, the thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu was completed. This is the famous Du Fu Thatched Cottage, which is now in Chengdu and is as famous as the Wuhou Temple in memory of Zhuge Liang. There is a cousin named Wang Shiwu, who is an official in Shuzhong, and he supports Du Fu.Gao Shi was the governor of Pengzhou, not far from Chengdu, and often visited the thatched cottage.Du Fu had some friends, and the friends gave trees and flowers, and the thatched cottage was tidied up comfortably, full of vitality.Du Fu, once he has a chance to breathe, he will meet with happiness, and his poetic heart will sprout accordingly.Let's see him describe the spring rain: good rain knows the season, when spring happens.Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently...Dawn looks at the red wet place, and the flowers are heavy in the official city. Tao Yuanming understood the "obscure joy" of plants, and so did Du Fu.A poet is always like a natural lover, appreciating her delicately and understanding her, and will not calculate her, plunder her and ravage her.The Chinese word "nature" contains the wisdom of ancestors. Its original meaning is: it is what it is.The importance and urgency of this is self-evident. The thatched cottage is close to the village, and Du Fu wrote: The Qingjiang River embraces the villages, and everything in Changxiajiang Village is secluded.Come and go to the hall to swallow, Gulls in the water are close to each other.The old wife draws the paper for the scorpion, and the young son knocks the needle to make the fishing hook. But there is an old friend who offers Lumi, so what else can we ask for. Acer game: chess game.Knocking the needle: Use a stone or a small hammer to bend the needle to make a fishing rod and fish in Jinjiang. Du Fu was in Chengdu, relying on the support of friends to survive.Old wives and young children are at ease, no longer worrying about firewood and crying because of hunger.What is a good day?Right now is a good day, a family, everyone has a lot, there is food and clothing, there is a courtyard, there are "Jinjiang Spring Scenery Comes to the World", there is "Rogue Spring Scenery to Jiangting", there is "Drizzle Fish Come Out, Breeze Swallows Slant" "... A Cui county magistrate came to visit the thatched cottage. Du Fu was overjoyed and wrote "The Guest Arrives": There are spring waters in the south and north of the house, but you can see flocks of gulls coming every day.The flower path has never been swept by guests, Pengmen is now open for you.There is far no both flavors in the city of Panyi, and the wineries in the bottles are poor with only old fermented grains. Willing to drink with his neighbor, calling for the rest of the cup across the fence. I am really happy for Du Fu to read these poems written in Chengdu carefully.Surviving a catastrophe has future blessings, and happiness is only in the rough tea and light meals.Thanks to his friends, neighbors, County Magistrate Wang, Zhu Shanren, County Magistrate Cui, and Governor Gao who came unexpectedly, thanks to their gifts, the poet was able to live in peace and leave immortal poems for future generations. "The flower path has never been swept by guests, but the Pengmen is now open for you." Think of him sweeping the courtyard and listening to knocks on the door.The poet is so happy that we almost have tears in our eyes. Please see the second part of his "Seven Quatrains for Looking for Flowers Alone by the Riverside": Huang Siniang's house is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are pressed down on the branches.Liu Lian plays with butterflies and dances from time to time, The free-spirited oriole just crows. This Huang Siniang's identity is unknown.In the Tang Dynasty, women were respectfully called women, usually using the word Niang, and some also used Da Niang, such as Gongsun Da Niang who was good at dancing.The appellation ranking is an honorific title used by both men and women.Later generations continued to use it, such as Du Shiniang, a famous Jiangnan prostitute who sank into a treasure chest angrily. Du Fu worshiped Zhuge Liang all his life, so he naturally visited Wuhou Temple in Chengdu.He wrote "Shu Xiang", which made other poets who praised Zhuge Liang far behind. Where can I find the ancestral hall of the prime minister?Outside Jinguan City, Bai Sensen.Reflecting the steps and green grass from the spring scenery, The oriole is empty and has a good sound.Three visits frequently plan the world, and the two dynasties help the old ministers. Die before leaving the army, often makes the hero burst into tears. Lao Du has lived in the thatched cottage for more than two years, and his masterpieces are like the spring water of the Jinjiang River.He summed it up and became his own critic: "Because of human nature, good sentences are long, and the words are not surprising. The poems are full and unrestrained. When spring comes, flowers and birds don't worry about it... how can I think like a thank you, so that I can describe my works Travel with me." Hun Man Yu: Very casual.Don't worry deeply: writing poems is like flowers blooming and birds singing by themselves, so don't worry.Tao Xie Shou: Tao Yuanming Xie Lingyun's method of thinking. It is worth noting that the war in the north did not stop, and Du Fu fled to the southwest, feeling very relaxed.He is an honest man, and he writes whatever he feels. He is a realist, but also a sensory school.The poet is loyal to his own artistic intuition, rather than certain formulas given to him by later generations.Not directly writing about Zhan Luan does not mean that he has no worries, as evidenced by "Hate Farewell": "The city of Los Angeles is separated by four thousand miles, and Hu Qi rode for five or six years... homesick, stepping on the moon, standing at night, recalling my brother watching clouds, white and sleeping..." Du Fu considers himself a native of Luoyang. He misses his three younger brothers and one younger sister. He spends the day watching clouds on his bed, and the sky is full of relatives. Yan Wu, governor of Chengdu and envoy of Jiannan Jiedu, also came to see him in thatched cottage.This is the biggest official in Southwest China, and Du Fu led his whole family to welcome him.Yan Wu's young Du Fu was fourteen years old and liked Du Fu's poems very much.And when Du Fu stepped forward to rescue Fang Guan in Fengxiang, Yan Wu saw it.Given his high status, he treats Du Fu like an elder brother.The two drank to each other, talking speculatively.Yan Wu was thirty-six years old, and Du Fu was fifty years old. One was full of ambition, and the other was desolate with white hair.When Yan Wu offered money, Du Fu accepted it with a smile, and even avoided the formalities.Yan Wu also wrote poems, and often sent people to take Du Fu to the mansion for tea, respecting Du Fu as his teacher.Du Fu sat in the carriage, crossed his legs, and walked leisurely through the streets of Chengdu.This leg has traveled through thousands of mountains and rivers. The past two or three years in Chengdu Thatched Cottage were the last good times in Du Fu's life. It's fine if Yan Wu doesn't get transferred, and this kind of life will continue.