Chapter 42 Du Fusi

An Lushan is a Hu, tall and fat, weighing 330 jins, with a "belly hanging down to the knees", and often looks clumsy and smiles at people.He was the only king with a different surname granted by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He lived in the Jiedushi of the Three Towns.His every move shows his absolute loyalty to the emperor.He worshiped Yang Yuhuan as his godmother, went in and out of the harem, and knelt down to offer rare treasures.Xuanzong affectionately called him "Lu'er" and took pleasure in patting his big belly. In the Tang Dynasty, several prefectures were one town, and the Jiedu envoy took over the military and political power.

The right minister, Yang Guozhong, didn't like An Lushan, and the two often quarreled in front of the emperor.Yang Guozhong saw that An Lushan wanted to rebel, and reminded Xuanzong repeatedly, but Xuanzong refused to listen.Yang Guozhong mobilized Prince Li Heng and Zuo Xiang Wei Jiansu to advise, but Xuanzong still refused to listen, thinking that Yang Guozhong and An Lushan were not united.Although Yang Guozhong was a traitor, he was not like his predecessor Li Linfu who was 100% a traitor.An Lushan's rebellion, the biggest disaster in the Tang Dynasty, he was always sober, which is surprising.The relevant records are very detailed. After reading it, the author concealed the volume and sighed: It would be great if Yang Guozhong and An Lushan were not political enemies. If Xuanzong listened to him, 30 million lives would be safe.

The problem lies with Xuanzong.The old emperor was very confused.Fascinated by gods, slander, and Yang Yuhuan's jade body.He has been in the digits for ten years, and he has become numb to ruling the world, even tired of it.Like a person who has not been ill for a long time, he does not seem to be disgusted with the disease.Or, for example, a driver who has safely driven more than 100,000 kilometers may subconsciously tend to a traffic accident due to his "death instinct".In short, Tang Xuanzong's paralyzing thought is worth studying: use various means including ontology, psychology, and psychoanalysis to target him, instead of relying solely on dogmatic history.

An Lushan's rebellion was also hasty.He had planned to wait until the emperor died before raising troops, but two senior aides encouraged him to stimulate his ambition.These two people have strange names, one is Gao Shang and the other is Yan Zhuang.The two worked together to create the illusion of being an emperor for An Lushan, so An Lushan was also confused and rebelled ahead of time, regardless of his children staying in Chang'an.He led his troops to Luoyang, and when he learned that his son had been cut in half and his daughter had been given to death, he lamented greatly: "What is my crime? Kill my son!" To avenge himself, he immediately killed 10,000 soldiers of the Tang army.Wherever the iron cavalry passed, the invaders rejoiced when they saw cities massacred, houses burned, women prostituted, and jewels robbed.Cities and villages, big roads and small roads, "Walking Hu Bing in the vast expanse."

Shi Siming is also a barbarian, thin, shrewd, and good at military affairs.One is fat and the other is thin, two big devils, sweeping half of China.In only thirty-three days, Luoyang fell. At the beginning, the twenty-four counties of Hebei raised their white flags one after another.The first to fight back was Yan Zhenqing, the prefect of Pingyuan (now Pingyuan County, Shandong Province), who was famous for his calligraphy. He had no fear of the menacing rebels.Call him "the first to sing righteousness".When Tang Xuanzong heard the news, he was ecstatic, stumbled in the palace, and shouted Yan Zhenqing's name.

However, when Tongguan was breached on June 8, the 200,000 Tang troops were defeated across the board. The emperor couldn't stay in Chang'an anymore and fled to Sichuan.After leaving the capital, Yang Guozhong ran to the street to buy a piece of thick flour sesame seed cake, and he devoured it hungrily.The concubines and grandchildren grabbed food and robbed food, and the old Xuanzong sat on the ground and sighed, exchanging tears.Walking to Maweipo (in Xingping County, Shaanxi Province), the imperial guards mutinied, killed Yang Guozhong, and dismembered him; they slammed Zuo Xiang Wei Jiansu on the head with a blunt weapon, causing blood to flow from his brain, and narrowly escaped his life. "The six armies are helpless if they don't send out." Xuanzong bestowed Yang Yuhuan to death, and a generation of beauties hanged in the Buddhist hall.

Du Fu's family joined the flood of fleeing people in the late spring of Tianbao's fifteenth year.In the Yellow Land of the Northwest, millions of refugees could not withstand any disturbance, and fled in anticipation of the wind, heading north today and south tomorrow.Du Fu fell into a thornbush and hurt his leg. It was difficult for him to crawl. His wife pulled his son to push him, and he advanced 100 meters in half a day.Seeing that it fell into Hu Bing's hands, fortunately a nephew rode a long way, and turned back to find him to save him.If the nephew only cares about running for his life, Du Fu will be in danger.

The family ran wild in Shaanxi, and the youngest daughter cried out from hunger, causing the beasts to howl. Fortunately, the number of refugees was large, and the beasts also hesitated.In summer, there are heavy thunderstorms and mountain torrents. Many people climb up the trees. Some of them are timid and don’t get down from the trees for several days, worrying about the sudden flood.Du Fu and Yang dragged two men and one woman, rolling and crawling in the mud, to Qiang Village in Fuzhou (now Fu County, Shaanxi Province), surrounded by mountains, and the shock was a little calm.Fu read as a husband.

Xuanzong was "lucky in Shu" and went to Chengdu.With the imperial power hanging in the air, Prince Li Heng was anxious to come to power, and proclaimed himself emperor in Lingwu, Ningxia, as Tang Suzong.Now that Du Fu had settled down at home, he immediately set off northward after hearing the news, and walked to Yan'an alone, intending to leave Luziguan (near Hengshan, Shaanxi) and go to Lingwu. Zhan Luan showed his loyalty, "Kui Huo leans on the sun", Du Fu walked across the barren mountains and wild ridges, swung his sword to open the way, avoided wolves, and competed with monkeys for wild fruits.The power to run to the king is so great, for the country, for the family, and for the future of oneself.

Du Fu worked so hard that he walked on small roads during the day and sneaked into the official road to march in a hurry at night. He was still captured by Hu Bing and escorted to Chang'an.He was old, thin and dirty, with gray hair and beard, and the rebels interrogated him, but they couldn't find a reason.He is a small official, little famous, no one knows him.However, Wang Wei, Zheng Qian and others were detained in Luoyang because of their high popularity. After holding him for a while, the rebels released him. Du Fu was trapped in Chang'an and dared not leave the city.It was September, Chang'an fell for nearly a hundred days, the massacre had passed, and the capital after the disaster was horrible, and the smell of corpses could be smelled everywhere.Under the ruined walls, in the waters of the Qujiang River and the Weihai River, heads and severed limbs lay horizontally, and swollen corpses were floating.The massacre took place in the hot summer, with the bright sun shining on thousands of corpses, the streets were blocked, and the Wei River was stagnant.Hu Bing killed Han people, even babies.The stench of rotting corpses was suffocating, and Hu Bing ordered the Han people to clean up the battlefield.In the Forbidden Palace and the wealthy district in the north of the city, the dead are piled up in mountains, ranging from charming young ladies, spoiled young children to dignified old nobles.

It is more enjoyable for the Hu people to kill the rich, and they use a large number of camels to transport jewelry to Fan Yang's lair. When Tang Xuanzong fled, he brought only a few cronies: the emperor's whereabouts must be kept secret.The princes and nobles, who were not well-informed, fell into the clutches of the rebels before they could escape.In the catastrophe of Chang'an, there are no exact figures for how many royal family members, senior officials and great Jia were killed.The Hu people used this to deter the people of Chang'an.But in fact, hundreds of thousands of Chang'an people were not intimidated, and the resistance movement spread rapidly, attacking the invaders, harassing the occupying army, poisoning, setting fire, and spreading news of the victory of the army...in response to the large-scale counterattack of the famous Tang army general Guo Ziyi . Du Fu hid in an unoccupied house for most of the winter, slipped out at night in spring, and sneaked along the Qujiang River.Recalling the prosperity of Kyoto, weeping suddenly, and hastily covered his mouth tightly. Du Fu wrote the famous "Sorrow at the Head of the River": The old man of Shaoling swallowed his tears, and sneaked into Qujiang Qu in spring.Jiangtou palace locks thousands of gates, for whom is Xiliu Xinpu green?Recalling the past, under the neon lights of the South Garden, everything in the garden is full of colors.The number one person in the Zhaoyang Palace, the same chariot follows the king... Where are the bright eyes and bright teeth now?The blood-stained wandering soul cannot return.Qing Wei Dong Liu Jiange deep, go to live with each other without news... This poem mourns Concubine Yang, not to satirize or expose Concubine Yang.It is really inexplicable for commentators to misinterpret it.Yang Yuhuan was buried on the bank of the Wei River, and Xuanzong was far away in Jianmen Pass, and they never heard from each other.Later, Bai Juyi wrote that it was similar to pity and pity, and was obviously influenced by "Sorrow at the Head of the River".Qing Dynasty scholar Yu Shouzhen said that the two poems can be read mutually. Du Fu also wrote "Sorrow for the King and Grandson", full of sympathy for the descendants of the royal family in distress, but many anthologies of Du Fu's poems are not available.It would be unfair to classify the suffering in Du Fu's eyes.The country and the nation are in disaster, and the death of the rich is equally worthy of pity and condolences. Du Fu's worries and thoughts are vast, and he can see the suffering of the whole world.Read him, that's a point. The Tang army and the rebels fought fiercely in Chentao. Almost all the 40,000 people under the command of Prime Minister Fangguan died in the battle. Du Fu was extremely sad and indignant, and wrote "Sorrow for Chentao": "Meng Dong, the son of a good family in October, blood made Chentao Ze Zhongshui. Ye Kuang There was no sound of battle in the clear sky, and 40,000 rebels died on the same day. The crowd returned to wash their arrows with blood, and they still sang Hu songs to drink the city. Everyone turned their heads and cried to the north, and day and night they looked forward to the arrival of the army." The 40,000 good families fought from morning to dusk, and the river was stained red with blood.And the group of Hu Desheng returned to the city, singing Hu songs and drinking fine wine, with sharp arrows in their waists, as if they had been washed in blood. His wife and children are in Fuzhou, and their life and death are uncertain. Du Fu wrote "Moon Night", a man with a hard heart, will read it bitterly: Tonight, it's the moon in Fuzhou, and I can only watch it in my boudoir.Pity the little daughter from afar, but don't remember Chang'an. The fragrant mist and the cloud are wet, and the clear brilliance and jade arms are cold.When will the tears be dry under the false guise? Pretense: Thin curtains.Du Fu's masterpiece is about his wife Yang's feelings in Qiang Village. The word boudoir reveals his infinite love and affection.The poverty-stricken husband and wife share weal and woe, and their thoughts are as bright as the bright moon. "Spring Hope" is a classic work that worries about family and country: The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.When I feel the time, the flowers splash tears, and the bird hates the farewell. The beacon fire lasted for three months, and the family letter was worth ten thousand gold.The bald head scratches shorter, and the hairpin is full of lust! Du Fu was trapped in Chang'an for nearly a year, with ups and downs and blood vessels. He wrote more than ten poems, half of which were famous.He writes about suffering and mourns, but does not make readers depressed, showing his inner strength.His wife and children were separated, he was trapped in the rebel army, he was hiding in Tibet, he was full and hungry, not only did not knock him down, but inspired him with hot inspiration.The poem is so well written, the expression is so deep, and the technique is so natural.Who can measure the energy of this thin old man with crooked temples and gray temples? Let's talk about Anlu Mountain.This dog who was hacked into pieces was punished at the beginning of the rebellion: his son An Qingzong and his daughter Princess Rongyi, the two families were executed in Chang'an, and dozens of mouthfuls were chopped into meat sauce.Yan Zhuang, the dog-headed military strategist, wiped out the three clans, and two hundred heads rolled all over the ground.Not long after An Lushan took up the army, he developed nasty sores on his abdomen and back, which were unbearably itchy, scratched and stinky, and his huge body was like a trash can.His vision dropped sharply again, and he couldn't distinguish between people and trees.He proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang and accepted the worship of hundreds of officials. When he suffered from malignant sores and suddenly lost his eyesight, the eunuch Li Zhu'er had to announce his retirement from the court in a hurry.All the officials turned pale with shock: This is an ominous omen that has never been heard in ancient or modern times.An Lushan couldn't lie on the dragon bed that An Lushan had been thinking about day and night.So he was furious and roaring every day, and chased his subordinates with axes and axes, chopped them into two pieces, and then laughed on his back.Gao Shang, Yan Zhuang, and Li Zhuer were all beaten by him.His son An Qingxu thought there was an opportunity, and ordered Li Zhuer to stab a sharp knife into An Lushan's pig-like body. An Lushan sent troops to attack his adoptive father Tang Xuanzong, but unexpectedly died at the hands of his son.He wanted to be emperor, and his son wanted more than him.That Li pig, who followed him and served him when he was ten years old, is said to be a good cook, and raised him to 170 kilograms... Later, Shi Siming was also killed by his son. Evil comes with evil. And all of this is just for a dragon chair.The Anshi Rebellion killed 30 million people, and the corpses piled up, surpassing Mount Everest.Anlushan Shi Siming, all extremely intelligent people, brought bloody disasters to the whole country because of their infinitely inflated selfish desires. Russell once described Napoleon as saying: This man has the intelligence to make people die... In today's France, Victor Hugo's reputation far exceeds that of Napoleon. The reputation enjoyed by Du Fu should be higher than that of Emperor Qin, Han and Wu, right? We will talk about this topic later. Under the leadership of Guo Ziyi, Tang Jun won successive battles.Suzong Li Heng moved from Lingwu to Fengxiang, which is very close to Chang'an.Excited, Du Fu slipped out of the Golden Light Gate in the west of the city in early summer and ran towards the emperor.He walked for several days, walked day and night, crossed the area where the Tang army and the rebels faced each other, and secretly climbed from one mountain to another, listening to jackals and seeing ghosts and flames.After many years, Du Fu was still terrified when he thought of this scene. He paid homage to the emperor with hemp shoes and tattered clothes, and was soon named Zuo Shiyi, an admonisher, also known as a speech officer, who was responsible for advising the emperor and telling the truth.This is a pretty important position.The imperial court is in short supply of talents, like a grass-roots team.Du Fu's opportunity came, as long as he worked hard and figured out the emperor's mind, he would hardly worry about promotion. Prime Minister Fang Guan was defeated, and his political opponents took the opportunity to frame him and accuse him of corruption.During the war, the prime minister was not allowed to embezzle, and Emperor Suzong ordered to investigate and deal with it.Du Fu encountered this incident when he first took office. After careful investigation, he found that Fang Guan had been wronged, so he wrote a letter to the emperor, and his words were as sonorous as his poems.The emperor was furious and turned to investigate him. Fortunately, someone interceded and managed to keep his official position. Du Fu was entangled with grievances and grudges in the officialdom, but Du Fu stepped forward and ruined his bright future.From then on, the emperor had a bad impression of him.This courtier who was loyal to the emperor all his life was isolated from politics and did not understand the so-called rules of the game in the officialdom. Ren Zuo picked up lost things for more than a hundred days, and suddenly had nothing to do.He was treated coldly and had no right to speak.So I thought of my loved ones—— In August, Du Fu asked for leave to visit relatives, and the emperor granted him permission. The emperor's second year is autumn, and it is auspicious in the first month of August.Du Zi marched northward, and asked about his family... Donghu rebelled, and Chenfu was worried and angry.Swiping tears and love is walking, the road is in a trance... From Fengxiang to Qiang Village in Kunzhou, on the six or seven hundred li mountain road, Du Fu wrote a poem titled Bei Zheng.The whole poem is 700 words, second only to "The Great Tour" written in his later years.Cangmang asked about the family, the artistic conception is broad, reflecting "the worries are all in the south, and the holes can't be left." Du Fu wrote three long poems in his life, like three magnificent rivers. Du Fu was still on foot, without a horse to ride, but the hemp shoes were replaced by cloth shoes, and he wore a green robe as an official robe.He traveled dozens of miles a day, and he may have walked for more than 20 days.After nearly a year and a half away from relatives, one can imagine the mood on the road.A servant, half his age, followed him, but was out of breath, and could not catch him.The villages I walked through were sparsely populated, with wild dogs fighting for dead bodies and crows flying around. "Late at night after the battlefield, the cold moon shines on the bones." But the officers and soldiers fought back after all, and the recovery of the two capitals is just around the corner. When Du Fu escaped from Chang'an, he was not in a hurry to go home, but ran to the emperor, which shows how firm his will to seek an official position is.Now that I am in an official position, my wife is happy to go home.Yang stayed in the ravine with her three children, she was suffering too much. Almost at the level where Feng Xiang was convicted, he will hide it. Tired from walking, Du Fu rested on his stick and shed a few tears against the mountain wind in early autumn, but smiled again and turned his head to catch up with the setting sun. The mountains are stretching, and Du Fu's thin and tall figure is getting farther and farther away... "Three Poems of Qiang Village" records this trip to Qiang Village to reunite with family members. The towering Chiyun West, the sun is flat on the ground.The birds in Caimen are noisy, and the returning guests come thousands of miles away. My wife and children blamed me for being there, and they wiped their tears in shock.The chaos of the world is drifting, and the survival is accidental. The neighbors are all over the wall, sighing and sighing.Yelan is more candle-lit, relatively like a dream. Zheng Rong: Describe the sea of ​​clouds as mountain peaks.歔欷: Hush. Describing the reunion of relatives in troubled times, Du Fu's poem is plain and touching.The sentence "Wife and child blame me for being here, she was shocked and wiped away tears" contains a thousand words. "Relatively like a dream", conveying the sourness of being hidden but not revealed, and wanting to complain. "Three Poems of Qiang Village" are all excellent works. The second one says: "The chickens are crowing, and the guests are fighting with the chickens. Four or five people, elders and elders, asked me to travel a long way. Each has a hand in his hand, and the turbidity is restored..." 榼: wine vessel.Du Fu stayed in Qiang Village for two or three months, and wrote poems with a profound style.This is how I feel, and I wonder if readers of Du's poems agree. Chang'an was recovered, the old emperor and the new emperor returned to Beijing one after another, and officials who fled abroad also returned one after another. The disorganized ruling class got together again and started a new round of strife.Inviting credit, running on, framing, all kinds of situations. Du Fu moved his family to Chang'an and lived a stable life.He is a small official, no one will run on him.Wang Wei, Cen Shen, Zheng Qian and others served in the two provinces (Menxia Province and Zhongshu Province) with him.The war continued, An Qingxu gave up the throne to Shi Siming, Shi Siming's fighting spirit was high, and he fought Guo Ziyi to a draw several times.While Du Fu drank fine wine in the capital, some contemporary scholars criticized him for not caring about the people.The scholar's implication is: If it were him, he would think about the people in suffering every minute, and would not drink or entertain.However, emotions have ups and downs and have their own laws. If Du Fu lived according to his formula, he would have died of pain.In the end we read, there are only three poems about Qiang Village, not the Three Officials and Three Parts... Du Fu's good days passed by in a flash.Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong died, and another eunuch Li Fuguo appeared in the court to control the government and eliminate dissidents.Du Fu was regarded as Fangguan's party, and was demoted to Huazhou (Hua County, Shaanxi Province) to serve as Sigong to join the army, in charge of etiquette celebrations, medical education.It seems to have a lot of power, but it is not. That Huazhou was originally a poor valley where no one went, scorpions crawled on the desk, and flies and mosquitoes flew all over the sky.The official documents that had been backlogged for several months piled up in Du Fu's hands, causing him to rush to the edge of the cliff and scream wildly. After calling, clean the office, drive away scorpions and flies, and concentrate on work. According to historical records, Du Fu's work in Huazhou was very effective. Luoyang was also recovered, and Yang took his children back to his hometown in Luoyang: the cave dwellings under Shouyang Mountain.At the beginning of the next year, Du Fu roughly straightened out the affairs of Huazhou, asked the state officials for leave, traveled thousands of miles to Luoyang, stayed for less than a month, and returned in a hurry. However, the situation of the battle changed. In March, Shi Siming broke through Luoyang City again.In the battle of Xiangzhou (Anyang, Henan), the 600,000 Tang troops retreated across the board. Every time they passed, they looted houses, and the county officials couldn't stop them.Du Fu was on his way back to Huazhou when he witnessed the chaos.In order to replenish soldiers, the Tang army arrested people everywhere, and the 60-year-old woman was inevitable.In Shanxi, Henan, the catching was like flying dogs, and ten rooms were empty. As a government official, Du Fu regards the overall situation of the country as his top priority, but his eyes cannot ignore the suffering of the people.On the contrary, he looked very carefully, completely put himself in the shoes, and felt what the people felt.Rather, suffering attracts him more than beauty from mountains and rivers.This great man who is compassionate and compassionate, the suffering his eyes have endured is rare in all ages and in all over the world.