Chapter 41 Du Fusan

The poets of the Tang Dynasty were not heroes if they didn't come to Chang'an. They were both seeking officials and gaining insight.Chang'an in the middle of the eighth century was a super-class international metropolis, attracting Hu people, Koreans, Japanese, Indians, and Arabs.The whole city is composed of 110 "workshops", which are square building complexes, each with its own name.There are straight streets intersecting between the squares.The eastern and western cities are bustling commercial districts, the north of the city is where the imperial palace is located, and the mansions of senior officials are like stars and moons.The famous Suzaku Street runs from north to south. According to archaeological experts, it is 142 meters wide, enough for dozens of four-horse carts to drive side by side.Such a wide street is the first in ancient and modern times.In Chang'an, almost every household has a courtyard, the rich make landscapes, and the poor grow vegetables.The market is always bustling with people of all kinds: monks, Taoist priests, knight-errants, entertainers, dignitaries and grassroots, girls from good families and fireworks girls... Only when poets arrived in Chang'an did they know what the world is.

Du Fu was in Chang'an, generally known as Chang'an ten years.Dreams and suffering are closely intertwined. When he first arrived in Chang'an, his area of ​​activity was mainly in the north of the city, going in and out of wealthy families, and he was imposing.Later, he moved south year by year, and moved to the poor area of ​​Shaoling on the outskirts of the city when he was in his forties. He called himself Shaoling Yelao.He originally had a good opportunity to advance, because Tang Xuanzong had discovered his talent, but someone obstructed him, which made his official career difficult.A series of sufferings in his life have a great relationship with this person.

When Du Fu arrived in Chang'an, he made two preparations, one was to take the imperial examination, and the other was to make friends with dignitaries.Ruyang King Li Jing is Tang Xuanzong's nephew, Du Fu was able to visit his residence, probably because of some kind of background.There is no evidence to check who recommended it.Du Fu may have several letters of recommendation in his sleeve pocket.He went to Beijing to present the poem "Twenty Rhymes Presented to the King of Ruyang" on the premise that he had to step into the threshold of the palace.Twenty rhymes are just right, thirty rhymes are long, and ten rhymes are short.This is a technical issue of poetry.The atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty was such that Du Fu was not ashamed.Rather, he was eager to knock on a few rich doors.Arrogant as Li Bai, he was summoned to Chang'an by the emperor, and his first act was to present his favorite work "Jiangjinjiu" to He Zhizhang, a member of the third rank.

Tang and Song literati were actually very good at self-promotion.Good poems are written for people to read, and they are not ashamed to seek fame and fortune.The literati replied shyly, it was after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Du Fu's "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking" can be regarded as a well-crafted business card, and his works are either high-ranking officials or celebrities. Zhizhang rode a horse like a boat, dazzled and fell to sleep at the bottom of a well.Ruyang's three battles began to rise to the sky, and Daofeng salivated at the mouth of Quche, and he hated to seal him to Jiuquan.Zuo Xiang spends tens of thousands of dollars day by day, drinking like a long whale and sucking hundreds of rivers... Li Bai has a hundred poems in one bucket, and sleeps in a restaurant in Chang'an City.Zhang Xu's three-cup grass sage biography, taking off his hat and uncovering his head in front of the prince, swishing the paper like a cloud of smoke...

This poem rhymes to the end, bold and unrestrained, free.It can be seen that Du Fu felt good when he arrived in Chang'an.The eight people he wrote each got two, three, or four sentences, but Li Bai got four sentences.And putting He Zhizhang before King Ruyang and Zuo Xiang Li Shi did not violate official taboos.This seems to indicate that the rule of the prosperous Tang Dynasty was indeed somewhat loose.Qu car: wine car.Transfer seal: Change the fiefdom.It is said that in Jiuquan in Gansu, there is a spring under the city that tastes like wine. "Old Tang Book" records Zhang Xu: "Every time he gets drunk, he runs wildly, swaying plain brushes, and the changes are endless."

The Chinese don't have a carnival.Tang people were so wild, and they failed to form a tradition covering the whole society.At present, all kinds of foreign festivals are popular in the city, but the carnival is missing. I don't know why. In the final analysis, the wildness of Tang people is still a matter of the privileged class.Poets have cultural advantages, and when they become officials with poetry, their advantages turn into privileges.As for the common people, if they have no worries about food and clothing, thank God, they can't get mad. The so-called Tang Empire cannot only look at the population, prices and city size. The mental state of the common people may be a more important indicator.

Du Fu's first two years in Chang'an were manageable.He lived in inns, and sometimes entered the mansion of a certain nobleman, staying for ten and a half months.He offered poems in exchange for food and lodging, and he ate well and lived comfortably.If he has money in his hands, he goes to the gambling house to try his luck.He gambled several times, felt ashamed, and wrote poems to defend himself, saying: "Sometimes heroes are like this." Maybe he still visits brothels, but it's not like Li Bai wrote it in the open.He is a person who often walks around the wealthy district in the north of the city. Some wealthy doors cannot be knocked open, and the threshold is too high for him to enter.He didn't care about it, and walked into the narrow alley between the high walls to wipe his chest.Anyway, no one knows these things.It seems that it is human nature to go to and from rich families.Think about Li Taibai, the exiled immortal, how much has he suffered from the rich and powerful?

Although there were many high-ranking officials and dignitaries, no one appreciated Du Fu from the bottom of his heart and offered a helping hand.The noble person who appreciates him and helps him has not yet appeared.God sharpened him and put his fate in the hands of villains first. In the sixth year of Tianbao (747), Du Fu took the imperial examination, but fell into a big lie.Thirty-seven-year-old Du Fu ran into the most absurd time in the history of imperial examinations.The students from all over the world rushed to Chang'an, but the whole army was wiped out.The villain, who held an important position in the imperial court, congratulated Xuanzong: "There are no talents left in the wild."——All the talents from the countryside have entered the government, and there is no one left.That Xuanzong was very old, and he spent day and night with the plump and beautiful Concubine Yang Guifei who was in her twenties, his body became unprecedented, and his mind was confused.The role awareness of the prosperous king made him very pleasing to the ear.The emperor is confused, and the virtuous and treacherous officials are all sober, but at this moment, virtuous officials often lose to treacherous officials.Why?

Generally speaking, virtuous officials always hope to wake up the emperor, while treacherous officials make full use of the emperor's confusion, apply hypnotism, and guide the emperor to do stupid things. The power structure of feudal society, these three roles, stretched for thousands of years. As an ordinary examinee, Du Fu certainly didn't know the inside story.In a hurry, he changed his strategy, conceived carefully, and wrote a poem praising the emperor and put it into "Ting Enxie". ——This is a box for recruiting civil talents, which was set up in the Wu Zetian era.Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was happy when he saw the great fu, and sent down an order to let Du Fu take the exam hosted by the prime minister himself in the Jixian Academy.Du Fu was overjoyed and went to the exam with full confidence. He passed the written test and interview smoothly, and his official career was in sight.The examiner congratulated him, and the candidates complimented him.Back at the inn, he drank wine and waited for the news. Whenever there was sound of gongs and drums in the street, he thought it was a procession of good news, and shot out like arrows.

After more than ten days, the stride changed to faltering, and the longing disappeared. It was that villain again, playing Du Fu's fate in his hands.When Du Fu's test paper was presented to him, he threw it away without even looking at it. The name of the villain is Li Linfu, who was Prime Minister You at the time.Li Linfu did not know Du Fu.He was not very literate, and was well-known in the official circles of the prosperous Tang Dynasty for his typos, and made countless jokes.He regards scholars, especially literati, as natural enemies.The literati are full of sages and sages, and they always say that the common people are the most important. Li Linfu hates it the most. He acts according to the instinct of the beast. He can't wait to turn the court into a gangster, empty the emperor, and become the boss of the gangster.All villains in the officialdom have the survival characteristics of underworld figures.Zhang Jiuling, Yan Tingzhi, Li Shizhi, Li Yong, Fang Guan... These literati and high-ranking officials were all eliminated by Li Linfu.He sent killers to kill Li Yong in Beihai, and Li Shizhi, who was the left prime minister, was forced to die in Xuanchun by him.He persecuted literati on official careers and prevented civil literati from entering official careers. The two-pronged approach achieved remarkable results.The emperor was in a coma, and he killed batches and blocked batches. The emperor listened to the report and turned a blind eye.Only when An Lushan rebelled and mobilized 200,000 troops to kill the court, the old emperor would bounce off the dragon chair.

The vicious Li Linfu smiled at everyone and spoke sweeter than honey.The idiom "mouth honey and belly sword" comes from his vivid performance on the stage of life.There is evidence that Tang Xuanzong was also pushed into Yang Yuhuan's arms by him.Yang Yuhuan was originally the concubine of Shou Wang, born beautiful, Li Linfu tried to make Xuanzong fall in love with her.He never studied, started his official career at the age of twenty, jumped from one department to another, flattered the harem, and entered the East Palace (Prince Palace).The henchmen he cultivated had an astonishing survival rate.After decades of violating the law and committing crimes, he became a big devil under Xuanzong's sleepy skin.God arranged for another treacherous minister, Yang Guozhong, to deal with Li Linfu, confiscated his huge family property, and exiled all his descendants... This article sent him a few hundred words, which is really not enough.The role model of this kind of villain, the best of the scum, should really be aimed at him with hundreds of thousands of words, identify his jumping space, figure out his way of survival, explain and position him. Only when "evil" is positioned, can the realm of "good" be revealed to people... Du Fu failed the exam, and the excitement of Jixian Academy was short-lived again. He fell into great distress. This year's autumn in Chang'an was very rainy, and when Du Fu came home, his clothes and quilts were moldy, and when he got out of bed, there was moss.He was ill for a hundred days and was skinny.My body is bad and my mood is terrible. If I don't worry about my wife and children, I really want to fly away.He was about to die, but there were verses shaking in his mind, and there were bursts of mourning: "Which one can endure malaria in three autumns? The cold and heat will fight each other for a hundred days." This old man is crying blood silently." And the rich people in Chang'an are busy admiring the autumn colors in the rain.Qujiang, Weishui, painted boats compete for beauty.There are people with cars and horses. Many people are anticipating the inflation in the coming year, so they go to Luoyang. Thousands of poor people cry from hunger and cold.In the so-called healthy age, people's lives are vulnerable to a single blow. Du Fu's rich friends, like Li Bai's rich and powerful friends, disappeared in times of trouble.It was an ordinary friend named Wang Yi who took Du Fu, who had just recovered from a serious illness, to his home, and paid the doctor to buy supplements to help him recover slowly. Du Fu, who was on the sickbed, finally saw his true figure in Chang'an in the past few years: Knock on the door of the rich in the morning, and follow the dust of the fat horse in the evening.Residual cups and cold sunburn, full of sourness! After a serious illness, you have met the god of death face to face, and your eyes will change when you look around.These few poems express the bitterness of many literati. Du Fu's "depression" began around this time.Sinking, depositing, transitioning to silence, bringing melancholy, worry, and anger.The official career is perilous, human feelings are cold and warm, and the heart is cold, which is transformed into the heat of inspiration, and the poems are frustrating. Freud defined art as the sublimation of desire, but he did not know that suffering would also be sublimated. Du Fu's father may have died during this period.No news.The bladder is empty.He went to the mountains to collect herbs, sold them on the streets, and sold them to some rich friends, avoiding their mocking eyes, and accepted a few small money calmly.Presenting poems, selling medicines, laboring heart and soul, but in order to survive.He walked from the rich district to the slums, looked at the majestic Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace, and looked at the homeless men with their clothes flying around.He already knew what hunger and cold were, and he was familiar with all the details of poverty.He laughed at himself that he would not die of starvation, and he survived with one meal for ten days.He wandered around in Chang'an City, carrying a precious basket of medicine.We don't know if there was a street stall. There is a bridge over the Weishui River, called Xianyang Bridge.Soldiers opened up frontiers for the emperor, passing across the bridge one after another, pointing their knives and guns at the distant Western Regions.Du Fu stood by the bridge several times and witnessed the troops passing by.What does he want to see?He is not a strong army, and he applauds the Tang army for going out.What he saw was a heart-piercing farewell scene: Cars are rattling, horses are Xiaoxiao, and pedestrians have bows and arrows at their waists.Yeniang's wife went to see her off, but the Xianyang Bridge was not visible in the dust.Pulling the clothes and stamping his feet to block the road and crying, the sound of crying went straight to the sky...Blood in the front courtyard turned into sea water, and the Emperor Wu didn't want to open the side.Don't you hear that the Han family has two hundred prefectures in Shandong, and thorns grow in thousands of villages; even if there are healthy women who hoe and plow, there is nothing in the long acres of King He.What's more, the soldiers of Qin fought hard, and being driven away was no different from dogs and chickens... I believe that having a boy is evil, but giving birth to a girl is good.If you give birth to a daughter, you must marry your neighbor, if you give birth to a boy, you will be buried with herbs... Lord Yetong.Emperor Wu: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, referring to Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, commonly used in Tang poems.Shandong: East of Huashan, refers to the whole country.There are nearly 200 prefectures in Tang Dynasty.Dogs and chickens: Qin soldiers have been resistant to war since ancient times, so they were transferred around by the court, just like dogs and chickens. During the Tianbao period, the Tang army opened borders wildly: Xian Yutong attacked Nanzhao (Northwest Yunnan), and was defeated, killing 60,000 people; , Another 60,000 people died.Unwilling to fail, the imperial court recruited a large number of recruits, arrested and deceived them and sent them to the barracks.Said: "So the traveler was sad and complained, and his parents and wives sent him off, and the crying shook the field." The prosperous Tang Dynasty is only one step away from the chaotic Tang Dynasty.This step leaves historians with a series of big question marks. When Du Fu wrote "Nine Poems Before Exiting the Fortress", he directly asked the ruler: "You are already rich in land and land, how much is there to open?" Du Fu saw through the key points of imperial power at a glance, and asked about its logic and its operating mode. The sixth is sonorous and powerful, and has been passed down as a famous piece: When drawing a bow, one should be strong; when using an arrow, one should be strong.When shooting a man, shoot a horse first, and when capturing a thief, first capture the king. Killing is also limited, and a country has its own strength.If you can control the aggression, how can you kill more! Unlike Tolstoy, Du Fu did not oppose all forms of war.He and Li Bai are the same: those who know soldiers are murder weapons, and the saints use them as a last resort.The country is big enough, why expand year after year?It is the logic of robbers to preemptively strike on the grounds of defending against the enemy. Contains: "For eight years in Tianbao, Ge Shuhan used 63,000 soldiers to attack Tubo Shibao City and pull it out. Tens of thousands of Tang soldiers died." During this period, Du Fu was furious, and his poetry was high-pitched, but it didn't look like shouting slogans.Great poets can control the rhythm of emotions.He wandered around the Xianyang Bridge and returned to the humble inn to write poems. He stared at the misery of the world. Ten years after Tianbao, Du Fu, who was over forty years old, had a slight improvement in his life in Chang'an.Zheng Qian, Cen Shen, Gao Shi and others came to Chang'an one after another.Zheng Qian has the reputation of being a master of poetry, calligraphy and painting, and is an encyclopedic figure, but someone accused him of privately writing the history of the country, and his official career was not smooth throughout his life.The two often drink to each other and complain about each other.Zheng Qian's calligraphy and paintings were highly appreciated by Xuanzong, but his official position was humble, and sometimes he couldn't eat enough.Back then, a painting by Li Yong could fetch a sky-high price, why couldn't Zheng Qian sell it?Just because he is a small official and has been severely punished, he can't catch up with dignitaries who can buy paintings.He painted a horse and gave it to Du Fu, who sold medicine and invited him to drink. In a tavern in Chang'an, two talented men drink away their sorrows. Cen joins in and then moves to a restaurant for a drink.Cen Shen was a frontier poet as famous as Gao Shi. He served in the army and had a better situation than Du Fu and Zheng Qian.Gao Shi, who is nearly half a century old, has better official luck.Friends helped Du Fu build a house on the Shaoling Plain in the southern suburbs of Chang'an, ending his wandering days in the capital.The poet, who was stared at by the powerful and innkeepers, finally had his own home. He couldn't hide his joy, and called himself "Shaoling Yelao" and "Shaoling Commoner" at every turn.He climbed the Big Wild Goose Pagoda together with Cen Shen, Gao Shi and others, which is a good story passed down by later generations of literati.The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was called Ci'en Temple Pagoda at that time. It has seven floors and a height of 64 meters. It is a landmark building in Chang'an. Du Fu took his family to Chang'an, which shows that his confidence in the future has greatly increased.His wife, Yang Shi, was less than 30 years old at this time, his eldest son Zong Wen was five years old, and his youngest son Zong Wu was under one year old.Du Fu once returned to Luoyang, and the time was very short, but he made his wife pregnant.Yang's face was happy when he arrived in Chang'an, and Zong Wen Zong Wu jumped up and down. Du Fu said nothing about his bitter experiences over the years. All good men are like this. However, the family's expenses are tight, and Yang knows it well.If you have money to buy rice but have no money to buy salt, it is common to borrow on credit.But this year, the continuous autumn rain came again, and it lasted for more than 60 days, and the price of rice skyrocketed.Du Fu had no choice but to plan to send his wife and children to Fengxian (Pucheng, Shaanxi) to join relatives. The wife and children are gone, and the house becomes empty.Du Fu watched the lonely lamp late at night, writing job application letters one after another.When Mrs. Yang was about to leave, he hesitated to speak several times, so why didn't he know clearly? "Everything is sad for poor and lowly couples", since Yang has been with him for seven years, he has not enjoyed a few days of blessings, but he rarely complains.For the future, for the family, why can't Du Fu do it? Looking forward to the stars and the moon, looking forward to the appointment of the imperial court, and sending Du Fu to Hexi County as a county lieutenant.I have been in Chang'an for so many years, and this is the first time I have experienced it.The county lieutenant is a real job, specializing in yamen servants and arresting the police, roughly equivalent to the current chief of the public security bureau and captain of the criminal police.Most county captains in the Tang Dynasty were held by Jinshi, and the position of county captain in Gyeonggi was particularly important.The county lieutenant has a lot of money, and the gray income is countless, and he can make money by arresting and releasing people. Du Fu won this honor, but flatly refused, why? Because Gao Shi had passed the county lieutenant, he had a lot of feelings and resigned.Gao Shi wrote a poem saying: It is heartbreaking to greet the chief, and it is sad to whip Li Shu! In front of the chief, the county lieutenant was the grandson lying on the ground, but he whipped the common people violently, and turned into a jackal and tiger in an instant. Du Fu would rather beg for food than wave his whip at Li Shu. The same goes for Gao Shi. Compassion is a common feature of ancient Chinese literati.The so-called humanistic care and grassroots care are not empty words.Literati read a lot, are well-educated, and can look across all social classes, beyond group interests, and cast their eyes on the common people.Although suffering from poverty, he does not change his ambition.The literati of the past dynasties have made many achievements in being officials, and most of them are good officials. This phenomenon has not been thought about for a long time, so it is worth pondering.Looking at it today, the field of humanities sends talents to governments at all levels, and its wealth of treasures will only exceed that of natural sciences, not the other way around.European and American countries have many precedents.The current prime minister of France is a poet, the former prime minister of Germany is a professor of philosophy, and most of the presidents and dignitaries of the United States come from Yale University, which has a long humanistic tradition... Du Fu's not being a county lieutenant is a small episode in his long career of seeking an official position, but it is enough to make my generation respect his great conduct. Du Fu spent his days collecting herbs.The appointment of the imperial court is like a gust of wind blowing past. Poor be poor... In the spring of the twelfth year of Tianbao (753), Du Fu enjoyed a visual feast in Chang'an: he witnessed a large group of palace beauties visiting Qujiang and visiting Furong Garden.I don't know if it was a chance encounter, or a special trip to watch the excitement.March 3rd is the Shangsi Festival, and the beauties in the palace come out in a file, and the banks of the Qujiang River are colorful.Du Fu wrote the seven-character rhythm "Beauty Walk": The weather is new on March 3, and there are many beautiful people by the water in Chang'an.The expression is thick, the meaning is far and gentle and true, the texture is delicate and the flesh is even... Du Fu was so close to the beauty that his skin could be seen clearly.Yang Yuhuan and her three older sisters walked in front of the beauties, their rings shaking, their breasts half naked.It is not difficult to imagine that Du Fu, who has been loyal to the emperor all his life and stayed alone in Chang'an, would open his eyes very wide.Yang Yuhuan's celestial beauty and national beauty, Du Fu's "amazing", is justified.The poet loves mountains and rivers, and the beauty of women is above mountains and rivers.However, the few books I have in my hand all say that "A Walk of Beauty" is a satirical poem, exposing the luxury of ladies. "The expression is strong, the meaning is far-sighted and true", the commentary says: This is an irony. Similar introductions are superfluous, as if we can't understand them. Du Fu went on to describe the costumes of the beauties, the humps they were tired of eating, and the chopsticks inlaid with rhinoceros horns that couldn't be stretched out.The pen peak turned around and wrote Yang Guozhong: "Later, the pommel horse was patrolling, and Dangxuan got off the horse and entered Jinyin... The popularity is extremely hot, so be careful not to approach the prime minister to be angry!" After the death of Li Linfu in the eleventh year of Tianbao, Yang Guozhong succeeded as Prime Minister You.The beauty took a step ahead of the outing, and he came after him on horseback. He got off his horse and went straight to the beauties in a big way.Jinyin: Jinxiu carpet refers to the place where noble ladies take a nap, and there are tents for beauties to touch up makeup and change clothes.Hot and hot: The market language of Chang'an people in the Tang Dynasty is a neutral word, which has been passed down to this day and contains a derogatory meaning. Yang Guozhong is Yuhuan's cousin, and he has an affair with Yuhuan's third sister, Mrs. Guoguo. "Old Book of Tang. Biography of Yang Yuhuan" contains it. Du Fu's poem feels complicated and contains ironic elements, but it is not enough to be satirical.Du Fu is good at realism, including the truth of feeling.When he writes poems, he doesn't necessarily have the theme first, he will be faithful to his first impression.In other words, he has good artistic instincts. The next year Du Fu got a small official position: Bing Cao joined the army, from the eight ranks, kept the keys of the military warehouse, and was called around by the officers to open and lock the door.The advantage is that he has a little salary, so he doesn't have to sell medicine.Drinking in front of the door, reading in the warehouse, it is also comfortable.The remaining silver taels are ready to be brought to my wife and children. At the end of autumn in the fourteenth year of Tianbao, Du Fu went to Fengxian to visit relatives. He set off from the city in the middle of the night.Passing Lishan in the early morning, looking at Huaqing Palace in the distance, imagining that Xuanzong and Yang brothers and sisters are in the palace. "Old Tang Book" said: "Xuanzong visits Tsinghua Palace in October every year, and the five families of the middle school sisters follow. Each family is a team and wears the same color clothes. The five families together are reflected like the glow of a hundred flowers." There is no bleak autumn in the royal family, and the royal winter is also spring. When Du Fu went to Fengxian, he must have been in a happy mood. After ten years of wandering in Chang'an, after all he entered the official career, he had a home in Shaoling Plain.He rode a horse day and night, with the music of Huaqing Palace echoing in his ears. How exciting it is to return home at night with flying snow all over the sky!When he entered Chaimen, he heard wailing: his youngest son had just starved to death. Yang wept bitterly, and the neighbors wiped away their tears. As a father, his old tears were like a knife piercing his heart. The youngest son was hastily buried, and Du Fu wrote poems in Fengxian, finishing five hundred characters in one go. "From Beijing to Fengxian Yonghuai Five Hundred Characters", this is a monument in the history of Chinese poetry. Du Ling has commoner clothes, but the boss is careless and clumsy.What a fool Xu Shen is, stealing the rice and the deed.Unexpectedly, Cheng Luoluo, with a white head and sweet Qikuo... The poor year worries about Li Yuan, sighing and feeling hot in the intestines! Ji and Qi: Two virtuous officials in the Yao and Shun era, Hou Ji taught farmers the art of farming, and Qi assisted Dayu in water control.Falling: big and useless.Qi Kuo: Diligent. Poetry starts with ambition, worrying about the country and the people.Four hundred characters later, it was written that the youngest son starved to death: "The old wife is sent to a different county, and the ten mouths are separated by wind and snow. Who can ignore it for a long time? The common people are hungry and thirsty. The entry is well-known, and the youngest son has died of hunger... I am ashamed to be a father, Lack of food leads to premature death." Fan Zhongyan's famous saying: "worry about the world first", is in the same line as Du Fu.In the spirit of Confucianism, this can be called a brilliant core value. He lost his young son in middle age, but Du Fu could see that he was a member of the privileged class, much better than peasants who lost their fields or soldiers who went to fight in distant places.He is so miserable, what will happen to the common people? "Meditate on the unemployed, and die because of reading far away." Through the figure of Du Fu, we see Tuo Weng, who distributes his hereditary land to the poor. Levin in "Anna Karenina" is the incarnation of Toon. Du Fu's loyalty to the emperor is painful and firm: "Kuihuo leans against the sun, and the nature of things is hard to get." But what is equally firm is his great folk standpoint: "The silk that is divided into the red court comes from cold women. Flog her husband's family , Gather offerings to the city tower!" Tongting: The vermilion imperial court.Chengque: Refers to the capital. The image changes the impression, and the Daming Palace in the city and the Huaqing Palace outside the city have changed. Looking at the feudal history of China, it is really emotional to accumulate such words.The poets can only be dumbfounded by the many tricks and imaginative tricks.The ordinary people are struggling on the line of food and clothing, and because of their huge numbers, they are the main objects of accumulation every time. It can be seen from this that the word "harmony", which is the most widely spread and most exciting at the moment, has a lot of weight. Du Fu yelled at the arrogant and lustful dignitaries in Chang'an: While the rich wine and meat smell, the road with frozen bone! This long poem chanting Huai seems to have opened a huge gate, and Du Fu's voice aimed at suffering was unstoppable and earth-shattering. At the end of the long poem, he wrote: "The end of worry is as high as Zhongnan Mountain, and the cave can't be touched." The end of worry refers to melancholy, which is as high as Zhongnan Mountain.澒洞: vast and diffuse appearance. Li Bai is known as an exiled immortal, while Du Fu is like a messenger of suffering sent by God to the world.His worries were immediately verified: the chaos in the world has begun in northern China.An Lushan wanted to be the emperor, so he raised 200,000 troops in Fanyang (near Beijing), and his cavalry attacked Luoyang and Chang'an.The Anshi Rebellion lasted for more than seven years. When the war ended, the population of the Tang Empire dropped from more than 50 million to more than 10 million, and nearly 30 million people were killed.