Chapter 44 Du Fu Liu

The imperial court is in chaos again, but the imperial court is not chaotic, as if it is not an imperial court.In February of the first year of Baoying (762), Tang Suzong fell ill, and in April, Tang Xuanzong died of illness.Suzong's illness worsened due to the death of his father, and his beloved Empress Zhang and Li Fuguo, who he trusted, took the opportunity to make trouble.These two people were originally buddies, seeing that the imperial power was hanging in the air, and their selfish desires expanded rapidly on the basis of the original foundation, they wanted to get rid of the buddies and then quickly take over the power.The queen fights with the eunuch, each making fierce moves.Empress Zhang contacted the King of Yue, Li Xi, and was about to attack Li Fuguo. Unexpectedly, the news leaked out, and the eunuch acted faster. He led troops into Suzong's palace, dragged out the Queen and the King of Yue in front of the emperor, and executed them.All the suspects in the palace were killed in one go. Suzong was frightened to death on the dragon bed and went after Xuanzong.The crown prince Li Yu walked towards the dragon chair tremblingly, he was the emperor of the Tang Dynasty.

The earthquake in the palace instantly spread across the country, affecting the fate of countless people.In June, Yan Wu was transferred to Jingzhaoyin, who was also in charge of building the mausoleums of the two emperors.Building a tomb for the emperor is the ultimate glory. It is widely rumored in the court that Yan Wu will become the prime minister after completing this important event.However, repairing the emperor's tomb also lurked unknown dangers.Yan Wu is young and glad to take up the post.When he set off in July, Du Fu sent him all the way to Mianzhou. He wrote a poem saying: "If the public is on the stage to assist, don't love yourself when you are in danger."

Du Fu sent Yan Wu away, but he couldn't return to Chengdu.Xu Zhizhi, the young Yin of the Chengdu government, staged a mutiny, snatched away the official seal left by Yan Wu, and proclaimed himself the governor of the government and Jiannan Jiedushi.Shaoyin is a deputy, and Xu knew that he was panicking about wanting to be a full-time job, just like a feudal king wants to be an emperor, and a queen wants to be an empress dowager.The imperial court appointed Gao Shi as the new Governor of Chengdu. Xu knew that it was like a virus attack, but he didn't know that the time of death was coming: only one month later, he was killed by the general Li Zhonghou.This guy named Zhonghou was even crazier than Xu Zhizhi. He killed the people in Chengdu and stained the long street with blood.According to Du Fu's description, Li Zhonghou had a hobby of drinking and talking and laughing while watching murders.

In late August, Gao Shi was victorious in suppressing the chaos and entered Chengdu. Du Fu moved to Zizhou (Santai County, Sichuan) at the end of July.Inspector Li of Zizhou asked him to avoid chaos, probably related to Yan Wu.Yan Wu's good friend and officials are happy to receive him. Li Cishi was transferred away, and Zhang Cishi succeeded him, which was also good to Du Fu.Du Fu's family lived in Zizhou. In October, the Tang army and the rebels fought a decisive battle in the northern suburbs of Luoyang. Two hundred thousand people from both sides joined the battle, and the killing was so dark.Tang Junsheng chased and killed the poor bandits, the rebels were defeated and fled to Fan Yang's lair, and Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi was hanged in the woods of Luan County, Hebei.The Anshi Rebellion came to an end, which lasted for more than seven years.An Lushan Shi Siming was killed by An Qingxu Shi Chaoyi respectively. These four people all wanted to be emperors, and they didn't care about father and son, so they finally went to see the King of Hades hand in hand.

The chaos swept away like a hurricane, leaving statistics behind: Seven out of every ten people in the Tang Empire disappeared. The dragon chair harms people. And Du Fu, who dragged his wife and children here and there to avoid the flames of war, left us a great poem: "Wen Guanjun Takes Henan and Hebei". Outside the sword, it was suddenly reported that Jibei was collected, and when I heard it for the first time, my clothes were full of tears.But to see what his wife is worried about, Manjuan Shishu is ecstatic!Singing songs during the day requires excessive drinking, and the company of youth is good for returning home.

That is to say, from Ba Gorge to Wu Gorge, it will go down to Xiangyang to Luoyang. Scholars of later generations are full of praise for this poem.It can touch every wandering heart. It is a pity that scholars in the feudal era almost never questioned power.As outstanding as Sima Guang, he wrote the "Anlushan Rebellion" with tens of thousands of words, but he could not go beyond the imperial power to start a strong thinking.If the nature of power has not been revealed, the tragedy will repeat itself. The discourse space of scholars has shrunk to annotating the Six Classics, shaking their heads and reciting ancient prose, reciting poems and composing Fu.After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the grandeur and grandeur of poetry almost disappeared.Poetry and thinking are not in line, and the end will appear.

Why is Du Fu ecstatic?Because he suppressed it for too long.Over half a century is not too old, and it is good to return home when you are young. Thinking of returning home, he threw away the old words that he had been talking about ten years ago.It is generally believed that youth is the solution of spring, and the day is more stable for spring. Scholars pointed out that six place names are used in succession in the poem, and it doesn't feel piled up.There is no other, because the charm runs through it. Du Fu was eager to return to his hometown, but Yan Wu returned to Chengdu to be the governor, and he wrote to invite him, which made him in a dilemma.After discussing with my wife, I decided to go to Chengdu.

The thatched cottage by the Huanhua River was completely changed after the war. Du Fu went home and cleaned it up. The whole family was busy for a few days, and Yan Wu sent people to help.Du Fu wrote "two orioles singing green willows, a group of egrets ascending to the blue sky", and he was in a good mood.When he was tidying up the courtyard, he also said: "The new pine hates not to be a thousand feet high, and the evil bamboo should be chopped off ten thousand poles." He may have recited it casually, but it has been widely quoted by later generations. However, he was not at ease all the time, so Du Fu went to Yan Wu and worked as a member of the inspection and engineering department, Wailang, to earn money to support his family. The title of "Du Gongbu" comes from this.Because Yan Wu recommended to the emperor, Du Fu wears the Feiyu bag bestowed by the emperor.According to the rules, you have to wear this thing at work, so many young people who are eager to get involved don't like him: what is this old man so proud of?

The Tubo army rebelled again, and once captured Chang'an and invaded Sichuan. Yan Wu was busy with military affairs, but Du Fu suffered a lot in his government.After the battle, Yan Wu returned to Chengdu, and Du Fu resigned.Yan Wu agreed and asked Du Fu to go back to the thatched cottage to rest.Anyway, with him around, the life of Du Fu's family can be maintained. Not long after, Yan Wu fell ill and died. Three months ago, Gao Shi also died of illness.Including Fang Guan, three senior officials who could help Du Fu died one after another within a short period of time, which was an unexpected and heavy blow to Du Fu.How can the family survive?The national crisis has come to an end, and the family has no rest.In front of the thatched cottage, a 200-year-old nan tree was blown down by the wind on the dam in western Sichuan.The autumn wind made an inch of it, and bullied it on the roof, "It rolled up the three layers of grass on my house, and Mao Fei crossed the river and sprinkled the suburbs of the river. The children of Nancun bullied me to be old and powerless..."

During this period, Du Fu wrote poems, and there were endless mourning.He thinks about migration, like a seasoned old migratory bird. In May of 765, it was the time when Rongcheng was full of beauty, and Du Fu's family set off again. He planned to go to Kuizhou (near Fengjie) by boat first, and then to Jingzhou. The boat passed through Meizhou (now Meishan City), Jiazhou (now Leshan City), and Yuzhou (now Chongqing). The boat traveled thousands of miles and traveled down the river for four months.Meishan and Leshan are beautiful. He probably stayed there, but he didn't leave a poem, which shows that he was depressed.He aimed at depression and wrote poems, and what he left us is the eternally famous "Books in the Night":

On the fine grass and the breeze on the shore, there is a lonely night boat on a dangerous mast.The stars follow the plains, and the moon surges into the river. What is the name of the article?The official should take old age and sick leave!What does fluttering look like?The world is a gull. This poem is Du Fu's self-portrait.The sound of sighing is huge, like the bright moon thrown into the river.The ancients invented a word for this kind of big emotion, called Hao Tan. Du Fu stayed in Kuizhou for two years, but he had no money and could not move.He farms and sells medicine to make ends meet, the whole family mobilizes, and can fill his stomach, but he keeps changing places and moved five times in two years.The eldest son Zongwen is very capable and has raised more than 60 black-bone chickens.Young's lettuce grows a field of wild amaranth.When Du Fu was drunk, he rode a horse and galloped down Qutang Gorge, one of the Three Gorges, from Baidi City. He fell off his horse. He wrote "Negative Salary", describing the local customs: Kuizhou virgins with half-haired hair, forty or fifty without a husband.What's more, the marriage is not sold at the funeral, and I will hold grudges for a long time.In the local style, the man sits and the woman stands up, and the man acts as the door and the woman goes in and out.Nine times out of ten, the salary is negative, and the money from selling the salary should be supplied... If Wushan girls are ugly, how can there be Zhaojun Village? Du Fu breathed a sigh of relief, and his enthusiasm for life immediately rose. He wrote more than 400 poems in various genres in Kuizhou.Maybe he knows he is old and frail, and is determined to race against death.Seven-character, five-character, regulated poems, ancient style poems... He tempered the form of poetry unprecedentedly, aiming at the rhythm of the heart with different forms.He said: "When you get old, you gradually become finer in poetry." His heart is turbulent, and the form is the content, presenting a state of completeness.It is easy for later generations to learn Du Fu's poems because they deliberately stripped away the form.Without enough life experience, how can you go smoothly in poetry only relying on rhythm? Du Fu's erudition and profoundness are the result of a lifetime of suffering. "The article is a matter of ages, and the gains and losses are well known." The excellent works here are like clouds: "Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity", "Five Poems of Yonghuai Ancient Sites", "The Best", "Zhuang You"... The most representative one is known as "unmatched in ancient and modern times, the first in seven-character verses" "Climbing the High": The wind is rushing, the sky is high, the ape screams, and the white bird flies back to Zhuqingsha.The boundless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in.Wanli sad autumn is often a guest, and he has been ill for more than a hundred years.Difficulty and bitterness hate the frosty temples, and the new stop the dirty wine glass. The poem was written on the Double Ninth Festival.Zhu: A small island in the water.Deciduous: fallen leaves.Sickness: Du Fu was suffering from many diseases at this time, so he stopped drinking.He suffers from diabetes, lung disease, wind arthralgia, half-lost teeth, and blurred vision.It is said that after writing this poem, he was completely deaf in his left ear.He completed his "Symphony of Destiny". Suffering like Du Fu, there is no second artist in China and abroad.Holderlin went mad, Rimbaud and Celan committed suicide.Du Fu is alive. I can't bear to mention his illness. At the beginning of 768, Du Fu made up his mind and said: "In the middle of the first month, the Three Gorges will be determined!" He gave away the 40 mu orchard he worked so hard to open up. A family of young and old got on the boat and went east down the river.There were dozens of Kuizhou friends who saw him off, some of whom were new acquaintances.Du Fu silently said: Farewell, my friends. Two lines of muddy tears were quietly wiped away. A thousand miles of Jiangling can be returned in one day... Du Fu defected to one of Jiangling's younger brothers and settled down in his family.He went to the government to make a living and asked for an official position, but he was too old and no one paid any attention to him.The door is not allowed to enter. Zong Wen wrote to his uncle Du Guan that he couldn't even eat bran porridge.Du Guan didn't show up.It was a good idea to meet up in Jiangling. The end of the hero.Du Fu wrote poems, chanting Ruan Tse's name.Ruan borrowed a famous saying: There are no heroes in the world, let Zhuzi become famous! The hero keeps fleeing.Moving to Gong'an County is also a friend, but the public security is too poor, and people are robbed in broad daylight.Du Fu then moved to Hengzhou, which is now Hengyang. The old horse knows the way.Interestingly, Du Fu loved horses all his life.Li Bai is better than Kunpeng.The Kunpeng soars to the sky, and the thin horse struggles to walk the earth. Ascending the Yueyang Tower, trembling hands wrote down the poems that Chinese people will always recite: I heard about Dongting water in the past, but now I climbed Yueyang Tower.In the southeast of Wu and Chu, the universe floats day and night. There is no word for relatives and friends, old and sick have a lonely boat.In the north of the Jiemaguan Mountain, the stream of tears is flowed by Xuan. Floating: It is said that Dongting Lake is so magnificent that it is five hundred miles away, as if the whole universe is floating on it.Military Horse Guanshan North: The Tang army is still fighting fiercely with the Tubo army in the Longyou and Guanshan area. The momentum of Dongting is all in this poem.The tears of worrying about the country made the word "motherland" stand in the hearts of Chinese people of later generations. Wei Zhijin, an old friend of Hengzhou, went to Tanzhou to be the governor, and Du Fu went to Tanzhou (Changsha) again, hoping to find a job under him.The two sons are out of work.Yang took her seven or eight-year-old daughter to the Buddhist hall to pray. However, Wei Zhijin suddenly died of illness. Du Fu is still not in despair: there is his uncle in Tanzhou, and there is Su Huan, a young man who admires him and is a poet and swordsman.The poet settled down and was busy opening up wasteland to grow vegetables, grow food, and find out where he could gather herbs.After more than ten years of wandering, he is very experienced.So many people died in the war, but his family is safe.On the Ching Ming Festival, he went boating with Su Huan and Zong Wen on the lake. Du Fu said humorously: "Spring water boats are like sitting in the sky, and old-age flowers are like looking at fog." He can no longer see the colors of the suits clearly, and the colors are all in one piece, which is also very good.The boat swayed in the waves, as if it was in the clouds. A month later, there was a sudden riot in Tanzhou. The soldiers and horse envoys fought with the governor. The people in the city fled in a hurry, and Du Fu's family was involved. When I went to Hengzhou to find the boat, it was probably the one I took when I left the Three Gorges.The hull is fairly solid, and was entrusted to a friend in Hengzhou to take care of it a few months ago.The old man leads the old wife, and the son helps the younger sister. Getting on the boat is equivalent to going home and drifting to Leiyang County.In the event of a great flood in July, the boat stopped by the small island, forty miles away from Leiyang City.The county magistrate once got a letter from him, sent people to look for him, and sent dozens of catties of beef and several jars of fine wine.Du Fu had been hungry for five days, and the little food he had left was distributed to his children.The beef didn't taste right, let it go, the whole family rejoiced and danced around the wine jar and the meat plate.A few days later, the magistrate of Leiyang sent someone to look for him again, but they saw the flood and no boat.The county magistrate burst into tears when he heard the news, and built a grave two miles north of the city to commemorate his beloved poet. In fact, Du Fu is not dead yet.His old boat was floating on the Xiangjiang River.He also wanted to go back to Luoyang and go to Chang'an.But there was pain in the abdomen, what I ate, and what I took, taking medicine was like taking poison, sweating profusely, hot and cold.The wind paralysis was so severe that he couldn't stand up anymore.He coughed a lot.The river wind was howling, and the ship shook violently. He leaned on his pillow and wrote his last poem: "In the boat in the wind, I lay my pillow on the book with thirty-six rhymes, and present it to relatives and friends in Hunan." This person still cares about his relatives and friends until his death.I am more concerned about his country: the blood of the war is still flowing, and the sound of the army is still moving...