Chapter 16 Section 03

one two Secondly, we must also rank before the understanding the instances of the absence of the given quality.Because as mentioned above, the French style should be absent and absent according to the nature of the location and nature, which is no less than the Kachin note. This poem is quoted from the ninth and third lines of the first volume of "Georgics" written by Virgil. It should be there according to the nature of being.But it would be endless to record all these instances. ① See Volume Two and Article Four. - translator Negative examples should therefore only be appended to positive ones, that is to say, instances lacking the appropriate quality should be limited to things which are most similar to things which have or would have the appropriate quality.In this sense, I call this list of instances the list of divergence, or the list of absence in approximations.

Various examples of lack of heat in similar objects ①Compared with the first example in the front table-(1) the light of the moon, stars and comets does not feel hot to the touch; ②under the full moon, one feels a kind of cold. ③①Kachin pointed out: This table not only lists negative examples, but also includes some supplementary observations and occasional restrictions. One can see how ignorant it was of some chemical truths—which shows how little scientific knowledge was then (for Bacon was not behind in most things); .This table can be regarded as a worthy record of an active mind, and Bacon also realized what he said: "The sun shines on the palace and the sewer without being stained with dirt" (see Volume 1, 2 ○ article). - translator

② Melloni (Melloni) tried to make the heat of moonlight feel, and almost succeeded. ③ Kachin pointed out that the cold under the full moon may be due to the fact that the moon vaporizes the clouds and thins the air. Therefore, when the moon is full, the weather is often the most sunny. - translator But the larger stars, when the sun passes by or approaches them, are supposed to increase the intensity of the heat from the sun, as happens when the sun is in Leo and in zodiac. ①①Kachin pointed out that this is wrong: fixed stars have no such influence; the sun is particularly hot when it is in the sign of Leo or during the three volts, because of the tilted angle of the earth's axis, and because the sun reaches its highest temperature after the summer solstice.As for the so-called "the sun travels close to the stars", it is related to the idea that the sun and stars are at equal distances from the earth. - translator

Contrast with the second example in the previous table—(2) In the so-called middle world of air, the sun's rays do not emit heat.One good reason for explaining this is that this realm is neither near enough to the sun, which emits the light, nor close enough to the earth, which reflects it. ①①Kachin noted that the correct explanation is: the higher the terrain, the thinner the air, and the thinning of the air is proportional to the decrease in pressure.Sun reflection is also a cause of heating, but cannot explain this phenomenon. On some mountain tops, except being very high, the snow never melts; There is no snow on it.

This fact speaks for itself.And on this summit the air itself is not cold, but only thin and sharp; on the summit of Anties it is so sharp that it hurts the eye, and it stimulates the appetite to make one vomit.The ancients once said that on the top of Olympus, the air was so thin that climbers had to carry sponges soaked in vinegar water to cover their mouths and noses, because the air was so thin that it was not enough to breathe. It's used.The ancients also recorded that on this mountain, the air was extremely calm, with no wind, rain, or snow, so much so that the handwriting that people drew with their fingers on the ashes in front of the altar of Jupiter still remained the same the next year. , completely motionless.What's more, today's travelers who climbed Mount Tanarife still go up the mountain at night instead of during the day; as soon as the sun rises, the guide will warn and urge them to go down the mountain quickly, otherwise the animal spirits will faint and be suffocated due to the thin air danger. ②Contrast the second example in the previous table—(3) In the area close to the poles, the reflection of the sun’s rays is very weak and lacks the effect of heat generation. The ice formations that trapped the ship in early July had to spend the winter on Nova Zembla and did not return to the ship until June of the following year. ④It can be seen that the direct rays of the sun seem to have very little power, even if they hit the flat ground; the same is true for the reflected rays, unless they are multiplied and gathered together.The so-called multiplication of the sun's rays and gathering them together is the plot when the sun's rays become more vertical; because at that time the emitted rays form an acute angle, that is, the closer the rays are to each other; The more obtuse the angle is, the farther the light rays are from each other.At the same time, we should also notice that the movement of the sun can be in many ways, depending on the nature of the heat, but the heat is not uniform in our sense of touch; therefore, the result of the sun's movement will not produce sensations on our side. the warming effect it receives, while the thermal effect takes place in some other bodies. ①The emperor of heaven in ancient Roman mythology is equivalent to "Zeus" in ancient Greek mythology. His right hand wields thunder and lightning, symbolizing the guardianship of the order of the lower world. - translator

②Kachin pointed out that the reason for this kind of action is: the snow conditions are relatively stable at night; it can avoid the glare of the snow reflected by the sun; and the scenery is often the best one or two hours after sunrise. - translator ③ Kachin pointed out that this situation (and other situations cited) is a matter of degree of indication, not the opposite. - translator ④This refers to Barentz's expedition to find the Northeast Passage.He made his first voyage in 1594 and was caught by ice on July 13th and was forced to return.The third voyage was in 1596. On July 19, it encountered considerable obstacles for the first time, so it could only make a detour around the shore at the northern end of New Ninbra Island; Frozen tightly, they had to abandon their boats and go to the island to spend the winter; they returned in a small boat in early June 1597.

Compare the second example in the previous table—(4) Try the following experiment.Take a mirror of glass just the opposite of the common fire-glass, and place it between your hand and the rays of the sun, and see if it reduces the heat of the sun, as the fire-glass increases and intensifies it.Obviously, in terms of visual light, as the center of the mirror is thicker and thinner than the edge, the objects seen through it will be differently diffused or contracted.It will be observed whether the same is true of heat. ①Comparing with the second example in the previous table——(5) Please try this experiment carefully to see if the moon's light can be captured and gathered by the most refined and strongest fire-catching mirror to produce even the lowest intensity. the warmth. ②If this degree of warmth is too feeble to be felt by the sense of touch, we must again have recourse to those glass instruments which indicate the cooling or heating of the air.

③That is to let the light of the moon fall on the top of this glass instrument through the fire mirror to see if the water in it is heated and thus lowered. ① Kachin pointed out that this can be verified.The sun's rays naturally increase or decrease their heat depending on how much light is gathered at a certain point. - translator ② Kachin indicated that people have already done this experiment.Tschirnhausen had made a lens strong enough to melt copper, silver, tile, pumice, and even crucibles; but the rays of the full moon at their highest point produced no perceptible heat.In 1802, under the auspices of Sir Joseph Bonks and other members of the Royal Society, the moon's rays were concentrated again with the strongest lens ever made at that time, and the most sensitive thermometer was used, but the result was It is believed that there is a decrease in heat rather than an increase in heat.See Encyclopedia Britannica's "Fire Mirror" article.See note under item 1 of this article. - translator

③Refer to Article 13 (Item 38) and Article 24 of Volume Two. - translator Comparing with the second example in the previous table—(6) The fire-making mirror can also be tried on heat that does not emit light or light, such as the heat of iron or stone that is heated but not red-hot, the heat of boiling water, and the like. Wait, see if they increase under the fire mirror, like the sun's rays. ①Compare the second example in the previous table—(7) The fire-making mirror can also be used for ordinary flames. ①Mersenne says that most of the experiments mentioned in the second volume have already been done, and mentions especially (as if he had done it himself) the use of a fire mirror to reflect all species The heat test.

He also asserted that light is always accompanied by heat.See Dela Veritedes Sciences, 1625 edition, p. 210.Kachin notes that the problems raised here and in the next item have already been solved; the results of the experiment prove that these heats are of the same kind as the solar heat; therefore there are no counter-examples to be cited in these places.See Encyclopedia Britannica's "Fire Mirror" article. - translator Contrast with the third example of the preceding table—(8) The comet (if we count it among the meteors) has no constant or noticeable effect in heating the seasons, although droughts are common . ①Besides, beams, pillars, and ports of light in the sky appear more in winter than in summer, and chiefly in times of severe cold, but always accompanied by dry weather. ②But flashes and thunder and lightning are rarely encountered in winter, but always occur when there is great heat. ③When it comes to so-called meteorites, it is generally believed that they contain some kind of luminous and viscous plastid, but do not have any strong fiery properties.But further research is required on this point.

Compare the fourth example in the previous table—(9) There is some kind of flash, which glows but does not burn. When they came, there was no thunder. ④ ① Kachin pointed out that comets have no effect on heat and drought, except perhaps when they travel so close to our planet that they affect the air.But it is almost universally believed that they have this effect. - translator ② Kachin noted that phenomena such as beams of light, pillars of light, and mouths of light were described by Seneca in his book "Some Problems in Nature" (see Chapter 7, Section 4, Chapter 7, Section 20, and Chapter 1, Section 14).They are apparently both Aurora Borealis.The northern lights may be caused by electricity, which is most active when the weather is dry. - translator ③ Kachin pointed out that these phenomena can now be explained by the knowledge about electricity, and thunder and lightning are indeed sometimes encountered in winter. - translator ④ Kachin pointed out that people think that the lightning is just the reflection of ordinary lightning. - translator Compare the fifth example in the previous table - (10) The phenomenon of flame ejection from mountain passes occurs in cold countries as much as in warm places, such as in Iceland and Greenland (Greenland).In cold countries also trees are in many respects more prone to fire than in warm places, and are more of a bituminous and rosinous nature, as fir-trees, pine-trees, and others. But the form and nature of the soils where such flame-sprays frequently occur have not been carefully characterized to allow us to append the phenomenon as a negative to the positive. Compare the sixth example in the preceding table—(11) All flames are more or less warm in all circumstances; there is no negative example to add here.But people say that there is a kind of will-o'-the-wisp (so they call it), which sometimes even rests on the wall, without much heat, perhaps only like the flame of alcohol, which is mild and weak. ① But there is also a milder flame, which, according to certain solemn and reliable accounts, shone on the heads and curls of boys and girls, not burning the hair at all, but only working softly at the edges. play.It is also most certain that horses, perspiring on the road, show a radiance on clear nights, without being appreciably hot.It is also a well-known fact, and considered a miracle, that a few years ago a girl's bodice gave off sparks when shaken or rubbed; If it contains alum or salt, it will be thicker and form a hard film, which will burst when rubbed. ②It is also most certain that all sugar, whether it is refined sugar or rough sugar, as long as it is more or less hard, will emit sparks when it is cut or scraped with force in the dark.Likewise, sea and salt water are sometimes seen sparking at night under heavy oars. ③In addition, on stormy nights, the foam of sea water will also shoot sparks when it is violently excited, which the Spaniards call "sea lungs". ④ As for the so-called Castor and Castor stars by ancient sailors, which is also called St. Elmo's Fire by modern people, ⑤ how hot its flames are, it has not been fully investigated. ① Kachin pointed out that the so-called will-o'-the-wisps only appear in swamps or other places where decaying substances are evaporating.Newton (SirI.Newton) and Bryustley (Dr.Priestly) have given different explanations; the reason is not yet known, it may be caused by phosphine, ignited by electricity, or itself exists Tendency to ignite in the air.As for the flame of alcohol, not only is it not gentle and weak, but it is the most intense kind of flame. - translator ②Kachin explained that the corset might be made of silk, and the sparks came from electricity. - translator ③This false explanation is one of Bacon's unprovoked mistakes.This phenomenon is not always caused by vibrations, so his inference is not tenable at all. ④Spanish is "pulmomarino", Italian is "polmomarino", both are Dioscorides (a famous Greek doctor in the first century AD——translator ) in the book "DeMateriaCmedieaC" (see Chapter II, Section 39) in the translation of a certain Greek term.The luminescent phenomenon of seawater retting seems to originate from the snake jellyfish, and the organization of this snake jellyfish is similar to the plastid of the lung, so it is named after it. (Kachin explained that it is not entirely certain where the phosphorus-like light came from. Ehrenberg, Darwin, and Schönbein all disagreed that it originated from ciliates in the water; the most probable conclusion was that it was produced by Caused by the ongoing self-purification process in seawater. Ozone (a product of phosphorus) oxidizes phosphorus, which emits light. That is to say, perhaps when the sea is turbulent (the light is not visible at other times) ), the new particles of organic matter come into contact with the oxygen in the air, thereby producing ozone, which in turn oxidizes and destroys the plant matter from which it was derived: sparks appear in this process. Darwin adds A note on the so-called "sea lungs": "I am inclined to conceive of the decaying products of this phosphorescent organic molecule, the process (one almost calls it a respiration process) by which the oceans are purified.— translator ) ⑤ Kachin explained that St. Elmo's fire is a kind of electric light.He also explained that Bacon explained it in his "History of the Wind" and imagined its effect on the weather. - translator Compare the seventh example in the preceding table—(12) Every red-hot object, even if it is not accompanied by a flame, is always hot; there is no negative example to add to this positive example.The closest counter-examples seem to mention rotten wood, which glows at night, but does not feel hot; and the scales of rotting fish, which also glow in the dark, but do not feel hot to the touch; His body is not hot to the touch. ②Compared with the eighth example in the previous table—(13) On what kind of land and under what kind of conditions the hot springs often come out, this point has not been fully studied; so no negative examples can be added here. ① Kachin explained that this is due to the phosphorescence emitted during the decay process. - translator ②Kachin explained that these small insects also emit phosphorescent light. Please refer to the above note on "sea lung" for the divergence and process. - translator Compare the ninth example in the previous table—(14) For hot liquids, I take the liquid itself in its natural state as a negative example.We have never seen a touchable liquid that is hot in its own right and keeps always hot.Heat is there an impermanent quality, but a temporary addition.So those liquids which are the hottest in power and action, such as alcohol, chemical perfume oils, sulfuric acid and brimstone, and the like, burn for a moment, but are cool to the first touch. ①Speaking of natural hot spring water, if it is separated from the source and washed in a container, it will cool down just like ordinary water heated by fire. But it is true that oily substances are less cold to the touch than watery substances, for oil is fundamentally less cold than water; silk is also less cold than flax.But this should be included in the "various degrees of cold scale". ②①Kachin notes, please refer to the notes under Item 25 of Article 1 of Volume 2. - translator ②Kachin pointed out that at the time of Bacon, people believed in the theory of "absolute coldness".Here again, we see Bacon conflating something really hot with something with a similar chemistry. - translator Compare the tenth example in the previous table—(15) Similarly, for hot steam, I also use the nature of the steam itself seen in our own side as a negative example. The vapors produced by oily substances, though easy to catch fire, are not warm, unless they are just emitted from warm objects. Compare the tenth example in the previous table—(16) Similarly, for hot air, I also use the nature of the air itself as a negative example.We never find any air warm here, except that it is enclosed, pressed, or warmed notably from the sun, fire, and some other warming substance. Contrast with the Eleventh Case in the previous Table—(17) The opposite case I have appended here is that weather that is colder than the normal season, as it is encountered when the wind blows from the Northeast, just as it occurs when the wind blows from the Southwest. There are warmer than normal seasons as well. Also, the tendency to rain, especially in winter, is always accompanied by warm weather, and frost with cold weather. Comparing with the twelfth example in the previous table—(18) the negative example I attach here is the air that is closed in the burrow in summer. ①But the subject of confined atmosphere should be studied more diligently.For what is the nature of the air itself in relation to heat and cold, it may well be doubted in the first place.The air is evidently warmed by the influence of the celestial bodies, and the cold is either from the exhalation of the earth, or from cold air and snow in what is called the middle of the air.It can be seen that if the air is inspected in its unfettered, spread and exposed state, no opinion can be formed on its nature; but if it is closed and studied, it is possible to make a more accurate judgment.But to confine the air, it must be enclosed in a vessel of such a material that, by its very nature, it will not transmit heat or cold to the air, nor will it allow the influence of the outside air to penetrate easily.The best way to do this experiment is to put the air in a clay jar and wrap it with several layers of leather to prevent the outside air from entering; Degree of glass apparatus to test the degree of hot and cold. ① Kachin explained that the reason for this is that the sunlight in summer raises the outdoor air temperature, but cannot affect the air in the cave, so the cave is cooler than the outside: this is the same as the enjoyment enjoyed by buildings with thicker walls. A more even temperature is a reason.The general case of air (and this answers most of the difficulties mentioned here) is that it is a poor conductor of heat, receiving heat very slowly and retaining it very long. - translator Compare the thirteenth example in the previous table——(19) There is also a question here: The warmth in wool, hides, feathers, and the like, still derives from some feeble degree of heat inherent in them themselves as excrement of animals; It comes from warm fat and oiliness; or simply from the confinement and isolation of the air as the previous article speculated—because all the air that is cut off from the outside air seems to be somewhat warm.We shall, therefore, perform this experiment on fibrous plastids of flax, and not on plastids of animal excrement such as wool, feathers, or silk.We shall also see that any powder (which obviously contains air) is cooler than the whole mass from which it emerges; The resulting liquid is less cold. Compare the fourteenth case in the previous table—(20) There is no negative example to add to this case.For there is nothing we see here, whether tangible or intangible, that does not heat up when brought near the fire.But there is this difference: some substances gain heat faster, such as air, oil, and water; some substances gain heat more slowly, such as stone and metal. ②But this should be included in the "scale of various degrees". ①The original Latin text is "spirituale".Kachin pointed out that dividing all things into tangible and intangible is the division method of the scholastics; Bacon used this word here, perhaps referring to gaseous things. - translator ② Kachin pointed out that the statement here is wrong.Air is a poor conductor of heat and loses heat very slowly.Metals gain heat very quickly; but because of the much larger number of molecules, they cannot express it so quickly; and for the same reason they dissipate heat very quickly, so that they feel cooler to the touch. Compare the fifteenth example in the previous table—(21) I have no negative examples to add to this example, but please note only one thing, that is to say: the sparks between flint and steel or any other hard substance are only when some When tiny particles are rubbed off from the mass of stone or metal; and the friction of air itself never sparks, as is commonly thought. ① As for the spark itself, due to the weight of the burning object, it always goes down and not up; and once it is emitted, it becomes a tangible substance with soot. ① Kachin pointed out that when the air is pressurized, sparks will indeed be emitted, which are strong enough to ignite German tinder. - translator Compare the sixteenth example in the previous table—(22) I don’t think there is any negative example to add to this example.Because all the touchable bodies we see here are not heated in a conspicuous way through friction, so that the ancients even imagined that there is no other way or power to produce warmth in the heavenly bodies, but from the air. The friction caused by its rapid and rapid rotation.But on this subject we must further inquire whether it is true that bodies ejected from machines, such as cannon balls, are heated to such a degree by the violent impact that they fall more or less hot.As for air movement, it does not cause heat, but it can cool, such as blowing the wind, pulling the bellows, and blowing air through the neck. ① But this type of movement is not so fast that it can generate heat, and it is the movement of a block rather than the movement of several particles, so it is not surprising that it cannot generate heat. ① Kachin pointed out that objects passing through the air will become heated due to friction, such as meteors.But air movement produces coolness, because it dissipates heat from objects.Wherever heat is radiated from a body, if it is constantly moved by the current of air, the radiance is more rapid, and the equilibrium tendency of heat is thereby hindered.On the contrary, if the radiation of heat is hindered by being covered with thick fur or the like (see the first and ninth cases of this article), it will proceed more slowly.The so-called "movement of a block rather than the movement of several particles" in the next sentence presumably means that this movement only affects the whole object in general and does not cause friction between particles.This view is wrong. - translator Compare the seventeenth case in the previous table—(23) Regarding this case, more diligent research should be done.Grasses and vegetables seem to contain some latent heat when they are young and moist, but when they are scattered separately, this heat is too weak to be felt by touch; Their essences do not escape into the air but nourish each other, so that a palpable heat arises and, in suitable substances, sometimes fires. Compare the eighteenth case in the previous table—(24) This case should also be more diligently explored.There seem to be two reasons why quicklime can generate heat when it is poured with water: either it is due to the concentration of the previously dissipated heat, as in the case of suffocating grasses mentioned in the previous article; or it is due to pyrogenic The essence is stimulated and irritated by water, causing a kind of conflict and reaction. ①If you want to know which of these two reasons is true, you only need to pour oil on it instead of water; because oil has the same function of concentrating and closing essence as water, but it will not affect It stimulates.We have yet to extend this experiment, and to try the ashes and rusts of various bodies, and to pour various liquids. ②①The original Latin version is antiperistasis, and the English version is translated as reaction.Bacon used this word frequently, see Volume 2, Article 27 and Article 48. - translator ② Kachin noted that Bacon suggested using oil instead of water to try pouring lime, which has already been done.The fact is that quicklime, as any liquid applied to it, produces a violent heat during its transformation into a solid state.Also, regarding the corrosive properties of quicklime, Dr. Black explained it using the principle of hidden heat.See Encyclopedia Britannica. - translator Compare the nineteenth example in the previous table—(25) For this example, I take other kinds of metals that are more flexible and easier to melt as negative examples.Gold leaf, when decomposed by aqua regia, does not give heat to the sense of touch; lead, when decomposed in strong water, does not give heat; neither does mercury (as far as I can remember); but silver does; and copper ( As far as I can remember); tin is more pronounced; and even iron and steel generate not only intense heat, but violent boiling. ② From this we can see that heat arises from conflict: On the one hand, the strong water is drilling, digging, and splitting the various parts of the plastid; on the other hand, the plastid itself is resisting.The lighter the plastid is, the less heat is generated. ① Kachin states that aqua regia is a mixture of nitrate and acid, which is specially used to decompose gold and is the only dissolver for gold. It also decomposes other metals, except silver.See the second and eighth case below.Strong water is strong nitric acid. - translator ②This so-called boiling is of course not the result of heat, but the gas given off when the acid acts on the metal. Compare the twentieth example in the previous table—(26) There is no negative example for the fact that animals are all hot, except that insects (as mentioned above) can be used as a counterexample because of their small stature.Even in the case of fish, it is only a lesser degree of heat than that of land animals, not the absence of heat.But in vegetables and plants, neither in their oozing sap nor in their newly exposed pith, there is no difference in degree of heat that can be perceived by the sense of touch.And in animals we see great differences in heat, either in its various parts (as in the heart, in the brain, in the skin, in varying degrees), or in some of its accidents. , such as doing strenuous gymnastics and having a high fever. Compare the twenty-first case in the previous table—(27) It is difficult to attach any negative examples to this case.Animal excrement apparently retains a latent heat even when it is no longer fresh, as can be seen by its fertilization of the soil. ①①Kachin states that this is because all feces contain ammonia. - translator Compare the 22nd and 23rd cases in the previous table—(28) ①The huge and strongly irritating liquid, whether it is water or oil, has the effect of splitting objects like heat, and after a while And burned them; but at first they were not hot to the touch.But their effect is relative to and based on the porosity of the applied object. For example, aqua regia can decompose gold but not silver; (2) strong water is the opposite, can decompose silver but not gold; neither of them can decompose glass; and so on, all illustrate this point. ① Kachin pointed out that the exceptions from this item to the third and second items have nothing to do with heat. Please refer to the notes under the second and fifth cases in Volume 1, Article 1. - translator ② The reason why aqua regia can decompose gold, according to Davy, is because the neutralization effect of nitrate acid makes chlorine free; the reason why aqua regia cannot decompose silver is because the chloride of silver is insoluble. Compare the twenty-fourth example of the previous table.—(29) Try alcohol on wood, and also on butter, wax, or pitch, and see if it can melt them to any degree by heat. ①As this twenty-fourth example shows the heat-like power of alcohol in hardening crusts, its power in liquefaction will now likewise be tried.You can also do this test with a glass instrument with degrees marked on it, that is, a thermometer: the top of the vessel is empty, and rectified alcohol is injected into the empty part, and the vessel is tightly covered so that the alcohol can better keep its heat inside. , to see if it makes the water fall with its heat. Compare the twenty-fifth case in the previous table—(30) Spices and pungent grasses cause heat sensation on the palate, and it is much more severe on the stomach.Note therefore what other bodies of matter they also produce the effect of heat on.According to the sailors, when the sacks and heaps of spices are opened after being closed for a long time, the first to stir and take them out runs the risk of fever and inflammation. ②You can also experiment by pounding the spices and herbs to see if they can dry the bacon and fresh meat hanging on it, as if smoked. ① Kachin states that alcohol can dissolve wax and asphalt, but not wood and butter. - translator ② An incident is recorded in the "Philosophical Annals": Once, a large bark storehouse was opened in Guayra, and the strong stench was enough to cure a serious fever. Compare the twenty-sixth example in the previous table—(Trinity 1) In cold things such as vinegar and sulfuric acid, in hot things such as peppermint oil, there is also a kind of irritating and pungent.Both are therefore equally capable of inflicting pain on living plastids, and disintegrating and eroding parts of inanimate plastids.There is no counter-example to this case either.And it can also be pointed out that no animal feels pain without some kind of heat sensation. ①①Kachin pointed out that this is an unfounded assertion. - translator Compare the twenty-seventh example in the previous table—(32) There are many kinds of activities that heat and cold have in common, although their appearances are very different.Children playing with snow feel the snow scald their hands after a while; cold storage prevents meat from spoiling as much as fire does; heat shrinks objects, as does cold.But these and similar cases may be classed, more conveniently, under the inquiry of cold. ① Kachin mentioned in the note that Bacon died doing this experiment.He had stuffed a wild fowl with snow on Highgate Hill, caught a cold and had a fever, and died on April 9, 1626. - translator