Chapter 11 Confucius praised Boyi Shuqi

5.23 The Master said: "Bo Yi and Shu Qi don't remember the old evils, but resentment is to use hope (rare)."  "Bo Yi and Shu Qi" are the two sons of Lord Guzhu. King Wu of Zhou, dissatisfied with King Wu of Zhou's revolution, refused to be an official, refused to eat Zhou millet, and starved to death at the foot of Shouyang Mountain.They were well-known noble men in ancient times, and Confucius highly praised them (Shu Er 7.15, Ji Shi 16.12, Wei Zi 18.8).  "Don't remember old evils", don't remember old enemies.  "Resentment is to use Xi (rare)", so there are very few complaints and complaints.  "Resentment" Who is the resentment?Do you blame yourself or others?The predecessors have disputes.See "Shuer" 7.15: "Entering, said: 'Who are Boyi and Shuqi?' Said: 'A sage in ancient times.' Said: 'Are you complaining?' Said: 'Seeking benevolence and getting benevolence, so what? Resentment?'" The word "resentment" in these two places should have the same meaning, and the subjects of "resentment" are Boyi and Shuqi.Zhu commented that the "resentment" here is that others blame Boyi and Shuqi. It is wrong, and it should be corrected according to Qian Mu.

This is about tolerance, which is called forgiveness in today's language.In fact, lenient is lenient, forgiveness is forgiveness, the old saying is not the same. (Bo Yi, Shu Qi) 5.24 Master said: "Which one is called Weisheng Gaozhi? Or begging for help from his neighbors." He is a very trustworthy person.Wei is the name of the country; birth is the nephew of the nephew, and the nephew is based on his mother's family, and Wei is his grandma's family.The ancients may use their mother's family (grandmother's family) as their surname, and call them Mousheng. There are many examples in the Western Zhou Bronze Inscriptions and "Zuo Zhuan", Gao is his name.  "Straight" can be divided into true and false, fake straight is for show, the ancients called "selling straight".  "醯", sound xi, namely rice vinegar.The ancients called vinegar in many ways, and acyl is a relatively common one.The word vinegar today is used as vinegar in ancient times, but the word vinegar is used as vinegar for entertainment. The usage of the two characters is exactly the opposite. Others borrowed jealousy from Wei Shenggao, Wei Shenggao didn't say he didn't have it, but asked for it from his neighbors. Confucius said, who said that this person is straightforward?Very suspicious of his character. (Wei Sheng Gao) 5.25 The Master said: "Smart words make the color respectful, Zuo Qiu is ashamed of it, and Qiu is ashamed of it. Hiding resentment and making friends with others, Zuo Qiu is ashamed of it, and Qiu is also ashamed of it." ", Confucius often criticized. "Zugong" means to look very respectful on the outside.Respect is different from respect. Respect is self-respect, which can be seen in diction. Respect means respecting people and things, especially respecting your superiors.  "Zuo Qiuming", a former sage praised by Confucius, was born in Lu, and his birth and death are unknown.The predecessors may think that the disciples of Confucianism are not credible.  "Hiding resentment and making friends with others" means gnashing your teeth with hatred in your heart, but on the surface you are fighting fiercely with you. These two are very hypocritical, Zuo Qiuming felt shameful, and Confucius also felt shameful. (Zuo Qiuming) The above 11 chapters mainly comment on the political leaders and celebrities of various countries. 5.26 Yan Yuan and Ji Lushi.Zi said: "What do you say about your ambitions?" Zilu said: "May the chariots, horses, clothes (light) and fur be shared with friends, and we will have no regrets." Yan Yuan said: "May there be no evil, no hard work." Zilu said : "I would like to hear about my son's aspirations." The master said: "The old are safe, the friends believe in it, and the young cherish it."  "Yan Yuan, Ji Lushi", the two sons are called by words.The single use of the word "servant" means that Confucius sits and his disciples stand.

"盍", sound he, why not.  "Chariot and horse clothes (light) fur", there is no word "light" in the ancient version, and the word "light" is a derivative.  "空", to wear through.  "cutting the good", boasting of one's own merits.  "Shi labor", boasting of one's own merits. "The old are comforted, friends trust, and the young are cherished." Zilu asked Confucius about his aspirations. Confucius said that what he hopes is that those older than himself will be taken care of, those of his peers will be trusted, and those younger than himself will be cared for. , all happy.These few sentences are actually what Confucius said, "Cultivate oneself to secure others" ("Xianwen" 14.42).Confucius talked about people, there are three realms, the sage is the first, the benevolent is the second, and the gentleman is the third. "Cultivating oneself to comfort others" is the realm of benevolent people. In this conversation, Zilu and Yan Yuan are in stark contrast.Zilu is bold and unrestrained, sharing everything with his friends.Yan Yuan is modest and doesn't brag about himself.Confucius' ambition is different from theirs. It is to spread benevolence and love, so that everyone, old and young, will be happy. (Yan Yuan, Ji Lu)

Too few people can criticize themselves 5.27 The Master said: "It's over. I haven't seen anyone who can see his mistakes and sue himself." I don't know who to say this to.Confucius said, forget it, I have never seen anyone who can find his own mistakes and dare to criticize himself, which shows that this is not easy. "Self-litigation" means arguing with yourself and criticizing yourself. (There are too few people who can criticize themselves)  5.28 The Master said: "In a city of ten houses, there must be someone who is as loyal and trustworthy as Qiu, and he is not as good as Qiu who is eager to learn."

Confucius was a studious person.  "Ten Houses" is a small village with only 10 families, and "faithful" people are honest people.Confucius said, there is one in every ten households who talk about loyalty like me, but they are not as studious as me. (Confucius is the best to learn)