Chapter 49 Chapter 10 Tea Stories-2

In the chapter of "The Book of Tea Seven Things", Lu Yu extensively quoted historical documents and folklore, and described in chronological order a series of people related to tea affairs, from Shennong, the third emperor, to Xu Ji, the hero of the early Tang Dynasty. with the story.These allusions include emperors and generals, honest officials, literati, orphans and widows, old women and children, as well as immortals, gods and priests, ghosts and ghosts, etc.From the historical background of different times and all aspects of social life, it briefly and systematically reflects the thousands of years before the advent of the "Tea Classic", Chinese ancestors first discovered the function of tea in the world, and the earliest Drinking tea is the earliest history of artificial cultivation of tea trees, the earliest history of putting tea on the market as a beverage commodity and the dazzling tea culture of ancient China.

On the basis of studying and summarizing the development of Chinese tea production science and technology and the splendid tea culture from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Tang Dynasty for more than 1,800 years, Lu Yu devoted himself to practice with decades of hard work and energy. Only then did the world's first "Tea Classics" be written. The historical allusions and anecdotes about tea in Lu Yu's "The Classic of Tea" all have rich ideological connotations, which have a positive and far-reaching impact on the formation and development of the social habit of drinking tea.Therefore, this book writes a number of character stories in "The Classic of Tea", either as notes or according to relevant literature records, as allusions and anecdotes about tea affairs, so that readers can better understand the ideological purport of Lu Yu's selection of these allusions and the ancient Chinese culture he advocated. The spirit of tea culture.

1.Shennong Tasting Baicao and Chaling ① Lu Yu listed "Three Emperor Yandi Shennong" as the first person in China who discovered the efficacy of tea in ancient times in "The Classic of Tea Seven Things".And in the chapter of "Six Drinks", it is written: "The tea as a drink originated from Shennong." Shennong is an ancient emperor in Chinese history and legend, with the surname Jiang.Together with Fuxi's family and Suiren's family, they are also known as the Three Emperors.At the beginning, the people were taught as Leisi, and agriculture was promoted, so it was called Shennong.He used fire as the king of virtue, and also used fire to discipline officials, so he was also called Emperor Yan.Shennong tasted all kinds of herbs and knew the nature of cold and temperature. Later generations passed it down as "Shen Nong's Materia Medica".Du Chen, later moved to Qufu, died after reigning for 140 years.

Yandi and Huangdi are called "Yanhuang" together.This is the reason why our Chinese nation often claims to be "descendants of Yan and Huang".Shennong was a leader in the transition period from hunting to farming.He taught the people to farm, set up a market to exchange goods, and created a new era of human production. Lu Yu said in "The Classic of Tea" that "tea as a drink originated from the Shennong clan", which was quoted from Tao Hongjing's Mausoleum from 456 to 536 in the Southern Dynasties - a native of Nanjing today, with Tongming characters and the name Huayang Tao Yin. The book of raw herbal medicine "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" or "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" is called "Shen Nong's Materia Medica": "Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs, encountered seventy-two poisons a day, and got tea to solve it."

There are various legends and explanations about Shennong's saying that "taste grass poisoning, and get tea to cure it".Some scholars believe that Shennong did not go to the native places of my country's tea trees - Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan.In the Jianghuai, Hunan and Hubei regions that Shennong experienced at that time, it was unlikely that there would be native tea trees growing at that time, unless new evidence could be found. Others believe that tea was discovered by Shennong by accident, because he had been picking herbs and rare wild fruits in the mountains all year round. When boiling water in a pot in the wild, the tea leaves fell from the top of the tree into the pot, forming a fragrant tea. , Sweet and unusual tea soup; Some people think that the discovery of tea is the exchange of blood and life of the ancient ancestors in the long-term hunting and farming practice.

Shennong tasted hundreds of herbs just to save the ancestors from the suffering of diseases. He was always poisoned several times a day, usually relying on tea to detoxify and cure diseases.It was not until he finally ate the heartbroken grass that even tea was useless, and no antidote could be found, Shennong died in the tea town - Chaling. Chaling is located 15 kilometers southwest of Ling County, Hunan Province.The Mausoleum of Emperor Yan was built here. It still exists today and is called "Tianzi Tomb".Where Shennong was buried after his death was unknown before the Jin Dynasty.Jin Huangfu Mi wrote "Emperor Century" and was buried in Changsha.Song Luomi's "Road History" contains: "The end of the Changsha tea township was buried, which is called Chaling. According to: Today's Ling County was separated from Chaling County in the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty." In the 48th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty in 1620, Wu Daonan wrote "Stele Records" One day, Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty came to Chaling, but failed to visit the ancient tombs. Suddenly, he dreamed that a god pointed him out, and then he found Emperor Yan's Mausoleum in the tea town.According to relevant documents, there were originally large-scale temples, archways, and "angel pavilions" in front of the mausoleum of Emperor Yan.On the side of the mausoleum is a "medicine washing pool", which is said to be the relic of Emperor Yan picking and washing herbs.Surrounded by ancient trees, the water circulates, and there are stones on the bank that look like dragon heads and claws, which are called "dragon brain stones".In order to pay homage to Emperor Yan's great meritorious deeds for saving the people from the suffering of epidemic diseases, the posterity wrote a couplet to the mausoleum of Emperor Yan saying:

To set up my prime minister, Mofeier is very clear to show God, so far he has used the mausoleum of Emperor Yan in Ling County, Hunan Province in Kangnian.Since the reform and opening up, it has become an emotional bond and a holy place of pilgrimage to connect the descendants of Chinese people at home and abroad.In the past six years to May 1995, there have been more than 600,000 scholars conducting academic research and pilgrims at home and abroad visiting Yandi Mausoleum to seek their roots and ancestors. [Note] ① Chaling: "Chaling Tujing" records: "Chaling means the mausoleum valley where tea is produced."

2.Tea is known to be drunk from Duke Zhou of Lu Lu Yu When discussing the history of Chinese tea in the "Tea Classics", why did he say: "Tea is known to be drunk from Duke Zhou of Lu"?This is based on an early Chinese character book "Erya · Shimu", which is said to have been written by the Duke of Zhou at first, and it is recorded that "槚 [jia ancient tea character] is bitter tea". "The Book of Tea" also quotes "Guang Ya" as an exegetical book written by Zhang Yi in the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms.The table of contents is based on the order of "Erya", and the works of predecessors are extensively collected, and the "Erya" is not prepared, so it is called "Guang Ya".Important information for the study of ancient vocabulary and exegesis.One book is the interpretation of bitter "tea": at the junction of Jingzhou and Bazhou, tea leaves are picked to make cakes. If the leaves are too old, they are mixed with rice soup to make cakes.When you want to make tea, first roast the tea cakes on the fire until they are reddish black, then pound them into tea powder, put them in porcelain, pour them with boiling water, and add green onions, ginger, oranges and mao (an edible wild vegetable) Or aquatic plants as ingredients.Drinking this tea can sober you up and make you sleepless.

Lu Yu believes that the earliest record of ancient tea in ancient documents is "Er Ya".Zhou Covenant lived from the middle of the eleventh century BC to the middle of the ninth century BC.If it is estimated from the 11th year of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty in 1066 BC that King Wu conquered Shang, and in the 12th year of King Wu in 1065 BC, he granted his younger brother Ji Dan to be the prime minister of the Zhou Dynasty in Lu, now Qufu, Shandong. It has been more than three thousand years.This is an epoch-making document in the history of Chinese tea.Therefore, Lu Yu said that "tea is drunk and heard from Duke Zhou of Lu".

[Note] ① Zhang Yi's birth and death dates are unknown: the word Jingzhong, and the word Yarang.Wei Qinghe of the Three Kingdoms is now a native of Hebei Province.During the reign of Emperor Ming from 227 to 239, he was a doctor.Good at exegesis.Author of "Guang Ya", "Picang", "Gu Jin Zi Gu" and other books.Attacking regular script, famous at that time, was listed as a calligrapher of the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms by later generations. 3.Wenyuan Ling Sima Xiangru wrote "Sima Wenyuan Ling Xiangru" in the "Tea Book Seven Things" in the records of historical figures related to tea in ancient times.This refers to the biography of Sima Xiangru, a poet and fu writer in the Western Han Dynasty. For details, please refer to the article "Hongzhi Lingyun and the Four Great Talents" in the third chapter of this book "Tea Saint Lu Yu: A Bumpy Life" thirteen.Because Sima Xiangru was an official of the "Xiaowen Garden Order" when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reigned from 140 to 87 BC.So Lu Yu called it "Sima Wenyuan Order" in "The Classic of Tea".

So, what does Sima Xiangru have to do with tea?It is because the book "Fan Jiang Pian" has been lost, and it can be found in "New Book of Tang Yiwen Zhi". It is an enlightenment book, written about 130 BC.The book records the names of some Chinese herbal medicines at that time. According to the "Tea Classic", there are 20 flavors in total: "black beak, bellflower, coriander yuanhua, coltsfoot, fritillary, wood tiller, betel, lingcao, peony, osmanthus, leaking reed . However, it can still be used as a string tea or brick tea made from late-picked tea or Sichuan local rough tea.The significance of the record in Sima Xiangru's "Fan Jiang Pian" lies in that it shows that tea was used clinically as a Chinese herbal medicine in my country more than 2,100 years ago to benefit the world. 4.Danqiuzi, an Immortal of the Han Dynasty, Quoted from "The Book of Tea" ① There is a story about tea: In ancient times, there was a man named Yu Hong from Yuyao, now Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province. One day, he went to the mountains to pick tea and met a Taoist priest leading three green cattle.The Taoist guided Yu Hong to Waterfall Mountain, and said to Yu Hong: "I am the son of Danqiu. I heard that you are good at making tea. I often want to ask you to send me some tea to taste. There are big tea trees in this mountain. I can give you some tea in return." you. I hope you will make tea in the future, and if there is any tea left in the tea vessel, please give it to me. "Because of this adventure with the immortals in the mountains, Yu Hong set up a spiritual tablet for Danqiuzi at home, and often made sacrifices with cooked tea. Later, he sent his family members to the mountains to search for them, and finally obtained a high-grade Daqiu. tea tree. [Note] ① "Shen Yi Ji": written by Wang Fu, a Taoist priest in the Jin Dynasty, there are many strange stories about gods and ghosts. ②Danqiu: place name.Ninety miles south of Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province, it is a branch of Tiantai Mountain.Tiantai Mountain is a famous Buddhist shrine and tea-producing area in my country.Jiaoran, a Tang poet monk, wrote in the poem "Song of Drinking Tea to Send Zheng Rong": "Danqiu feathers eat lightly on jade, and pick tea and drink to grow wings. Tiantai records cloud, Danqiu produces big tea, and it turns into feathers after serving it." This is also written. The miraculous story of Danqiuzi. ③Danqiuzi: According to legend, he was a fairy in the Han Dynasty.Lu Yu called him "Han Immortal Huang Shanjun" in "The Classic of Tea". 5.In Zhang Mengyang's poem "Climbing the Chengdu Tower", I asked Yang Zishe ① and wanted to see Changqing Lu②. Cheng Zhuo is rich in gold ③, arrogant and extravagant like five princes ④. There are even riders at the door, Cui belts Wu hook ⑤. Ding Shi can be eaten at any time ⑥, Baihe is wonderful and unique. Picking autumn oranges in the forest, fishing spring fish in the river. The sunspots surpassed the dragon's 醢⑦, and the fruit dishes surpassed the crabs⑧. Fang tea crowns Liuqing⑨, Yiwei spreads nine districts⑩. If you live in peace and happiness, you can entertain HI slightly. The translation of the poem "Climbing the Chengdu Tower" asks where is Yang Xiong's former residence today?I want to see Sima Changqing's old cottage. Cheng Zhuo's family has accumulated tens of thousands of assets, and their arrogance and extravagance are even better than the five lords. There are often a lot of customers in the busy traffic, and the golden splendor, jade, and colorful emerald belts wear Wu hooks. Roasted deer cooks sheep and fine wine at any time, and fresh and exotic vegetables are blended with a variety of flavors. Autumn oranges are sweet and plucked on the branches, and the house is facing the river to catch spring fish. Shrimp soup and meat sauce are better than sunspots, and crab and seafood are more delicious than fruit dishes. The freshness and refreshingness of aromatic tea is the highest in the six Qing Dynasty, and the fragrance of precious tea is famous in the nine districts. If life is only about living in peace and happiness, the mountains and rivers of Shu can still entertain drunken husbands. [Zhang Mengyang] For a brief biography, please refer to the third chapter of this book "Tea Saint Lu Yu 1: Rough life" thirteen "Hongzhilingyun and the four great talents in ancient times" article. [Title Explanation] The poem "Climbing the Chengdu Tower" is a literal translation of Zhang Zai's name for tea in the Fukou port area.For example, "cha" in Japanese and "cha" in Indian are both works of nostalgia for China and the present.Chengdu Building should be "Chengdu Baitu Building".In the "Quan Jin Poems" compiled by Ding Fubao, it is "Climbing the Baitu Tower in Chengdu".The full text of Zhang Zai's poem is 32 lines, of which the second half of 16 lines is quoted in the "Tea Classic".Therefore, this translation also translates sixteen sentences.The reason why Lu Yu quoted this poem in "The Classic of Tea" is precisely because there is a famous line about tea in the second half of the poem, "Fang tea is the best in Liuqing, and its flavor spreads to nine districts".It fully demonstrates that in the Western Jin Dynasty, Shu tea was already well-known far and wide, and had already been sold to various ports, inland and remote areas by land and water. 〔Note〕①Yangtze: Refers to Yang Xiong from 53 BC to 18 BC, and Chengdu, Shu County, is now a native of Sichuan.A writer, philosopher, and linguist in the Western Han Dynasty. ②Changqing: That is to say, Sima Xiangru, a poet and fu writer in the Western Han Dynasty, from 179 BC to 117 BC, with the word Changqing and his nickname Youzi.Because Lin Xiangru was a man in the Warring States period, he changed his name to Xiangru. ③Cheng Zhuo: The two surnames of Cheng Zhuo were rich and powerful in Shu in the Han Dynasty.Zhuo refers to Zhuo Wangsun, the father of Zhuo Wenjun. ④ Wuhou: Refers to the princes with the titles of Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi, and Nan.This generally refers to the family of the powerful. ⑤ Wu Hook: A curved saber made in ancient Wu.In the poem "Yuefu" by Bao Zhao, a poet of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, there is a sentence "the brocade belt wears the Wu hook".Those who wear Wu hooks on their waists are mostly the sons of famous ministers or rich people. ⑥ Ding Shi: Generally refers to a wealthy family eating on a tripod. "Hanshu Zhufu Yan Biography": "If a husband does not eat five tripods when he is born, he will cook ears with five tripods when he dies." Zhang Yan's note: "Five tripods: cattle, sheep, hogs, fish, and moose." ⑦Long醢: Meat sauce made from meat, fish, etc.Dragon, here generally refers to fish, shrimp, aquatic products and seafood. ⑧Crab Xu: Crab sauce also. ⑨Six Qings: It is water, syrup, sweet wine, , , and elixir.Also known as "Six Drinks", that is, the six drinks of "Drinking Liuqing" in "Zhou Li · Tianguan Shanfu".Zhang Mengyang's poem "Fang tea is the best in Liuqing" shows that in the Western Jin Dynasty, the tea of ​​Bashu was full-bodied and fragrant. As a drink in people's life, it had already enjoyed a high reputation. It's comparable. 10 Nine Districts: Refers to Kyushu.Lu An's "Yu Ji Mao Qi Shu": "Pingdi Nine Districts, Dimensional Universe", "Yi Wei Spreads Nine Districts", which shows that Sichuan was already a distribution center for tea trade in the Western Jin Dynasty, and tea production had already reached a considerable scale at that time. . HI Zitu: Refers to Sichuan, the "Land of Abundance" where the mountains and rivers of Shu have been prosperous since ancient times. 6.Sun Hao used tea instead of wine to give secrets to his minister Lu Yu. It is recorded in the "Tea Classic": "Wu, the Marquis of Guiming." Wu, the Marquis of Guiming, is Sun Hao.He was the fourth monarch of Wu State from 220 to 280 during the Three Kingdoms period, and he was originally named Wu Chenghou.After the death of Emperor Jing Sun Xiu, Sun Hao ascended the throne in July 264 AD. In history, he was known as the last emperor Wucheng Hou Sunhao.Reigned for seventeen years.In 280 A.D., Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty Sima Yan sent troops to attack Wu from six routes, and Sun Hao surrendered, and was later named "Marquis of Guiming".This is why Lu Yu called him "the Marquis of Guiming". Sun Hao, sexually addicted to alcohol, cruel and easy to kill.According to "Wu Zhi·Wei Yao Biography" ① record: "Every time Sun Hao holds a banquet, the guests drink at least seven liters of wine. Even if they don't drink all the wine, they still have to pour it in and light up the cup to say it. Wei Yao's alcohol capacity is only two liters. At first, he was treated with courtesy. , secretly gave him tea instead of wine. This is Sun Hao’s precedent of using tea instead of wine. For a monarch who is addicted to alcohol, profligate, cruel and easy to kill, it was only his size as a subject. A game of power. But Sun Hao's incident became the beginning of replacing wine with tea in history. [Note] ① Wei Yao: formerly known as Wei Zhao. The author of "Three Kingdoms" was changed to Wei Yao to avoid the taboo of Sima Zhao, the father of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty.Yao, the word Hongsi.A native of Yunyang, Wu County, today's Danyang County, Jiangsu Province.He is knowledgeable and knowledgeable, and is highly valued by Sun Hao.Because when Wei Yao was ordered to record the deeds of Sun Hao's father, King Nanyang, he wrote straight and straight, which offended Sun Hao, and was finally killed by Sun Hao. 7.According to the "Book of Jinzhong Xing", when Lu Na was appointed as the prefect of Wu Xing, General Wei Xie An often visited him.Lu Na's nephew, Lu Chu, complained that his uncle was not prepared for a guest, and he dared not ask him.So he secretly prepared dishes for more than a dozen people. When General Xie An came, Lu Na only entertained the guests with tea and fruit, and Lu Chu immediately set up a sumptuous banquet.There are delicacies from mountains and seas, and everything is available.After the guests left, Lu Na beat Lu Chu forty boards.And furiously said to his nephew: "Since you can't honor your uncle, it's fine, but why do you want to tarnish the frugal style I have always admired and maintained?" The story of the wine banquet was written into the "Tea Book", which has a profound meaning. [Note] ① Xie An 320-385: word Anshi.A native of Taikang, Henan, in Yangxia, Chen County, Jin Dynasty. General Guard.Feudal Jianchang County Duke, went to pay homage to Taibao, gifted Taifu, posthumous posthumous title Wenjing.Jin Dynasty calligrapher,. Juaiji is now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province.Traveled with literati such as Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, for ten years.Zeng and his younger brother Xie Wan participated in Xizhi and other forty-two literati in the ninth year of Jin Yonghe (353) in the late spring of Kuichou to repair the "Qushui Liushang" at the Lanting Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji - a famous literary event in history, and there are poems and poems. Calligraphy is handed down.Trying to learn cursive script and correct script from Youjun, Youjun said: "Qing is the one who knows the book, but it is especially difficult for the one who knows how to interpret the book." Good at calligraphy, I don't care about Wang Xian's brushstrokes, and I got it to crack into school paper.Every good book presented to him must be rewarded. The author of An Zhe's question: "Noir's title" contains the meaning of "getting blamed at every turn", and I will answer it after holding more critical opinions in the book review.Fu You's "Every Nian" and "Gao Yuanlang" are inscribed in "Chunhua", "Daguan", "Baojinzhai" and other collections. 8.The wife of Chen Wu in Shan County Author's note: This story quoted by Lu Yu in "The Book of Tea Seven Things" was selected from "Yi Yuan".It is said that offering tea to ancient tombs can sense the ghosts of decayed bones and rewarding them with money. This will never happen in real social life.If it is said in this story that Chen Wushuang's wife's original intention of offering tea to the ancient tomb was entirely out of the kind wishes of an ordinary woman in ancient times, there was no motive for praying for anything in return; Removing the ancient tombs in the courtyard still has certain positive significance from the perspective of protecting historical sites.If it is said that offering tea to the undead is the first of its kind opened by the ancient courts offering tribute tea to ancestors, or monks worshiping Buddha with fragrant tea, it just reflects a kind of people's ideological sustenance, and it is not difficult to understand. of. Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" selected and wrote the story of "Chen Wu's Wife in Shan County".This is a story about the connection between humans and ghosts that originated from tea, and good rewards are rewarded. "Different Garden" It is recorded in ①: Shan County is now part of Sheng County, Zhejiang Province. In Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Kuaiji County. Chen Wu's wife was a widow when she was young and lived with her two sons.The whole family loves to drink tea.Because there is an ancient tomb in the house, she always sacrifices it with tea before drinking tea.Both of her sons were unhappy with her doing this.He said to her: "What can the ancient tomb know? Isn't it a waste of time to work on it?" Because the mother refused to listen to their dissuasion, the two sons wanted to dig the tomb, and the mother tried to dissuade them. That night, she dreamed that a person said to her: "I have been in this tomb for more than three hundred years. Your two sons often want to destroy it. They rely on your protection and often give me drinking water." Xiangcha, even though I am a rotten ghost under the Nine Springs, how can I forget your protection and kindness and not repay it?" Waiting until the next morning, I got 100,000 copper coins in the courtyard. It's been a long time, but the rope that wears the money is still brand new.The mother told her two sons about it, and they were ashamed.Since then, their family has worshiped the ancient tomb more frequently and devoutly. [Note] ① "Yiyuan": A collection of strange stories.Written by Liu Jingshu in the Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, there are ten volumes in total.It describes the strange things from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, especially in the Jin Dynasty. 9.Guangling Tea Granny's Note: This article is written with reference to the "Taiping Guangji" Volume 70 "Tea Granny" compiled by Li Fang and others in the Song Dynasty. "The Book of Tea Seven Things" quotes the story of a magical and kind old woman who sold tea to help the poor recorded in "Guangling Elders' Biography".The grandma of Guangling tea, whose surname is unknown. Often like a seventy-year-old person.But light and strong, sharp ears and eyesight, black hair on the temples.According to old legend, after Emperor Jin and Yuan ① traveled south, he saw him for hundreds of years, but his face remained unchanged.Every morning, I bring a tea set of tea to the market to sell.People in the market rushed to buy her tea to drink, but from early morning to evening, the tea in her tea vessel never decreased, as if it had just been brewed.She also distributed all the money she earned from selling tea to the lonely and poor beggars on the roadside.Therefore, some people felt that this was a strange thing, and the local law enforcement officials arrested the old woman and imprisoned her in prison.At night, the old woman flew over the window of the cell with a tea utensil. [Notes] ① Emperor Jin and Yuan: Sima Rui, the first emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, reigned from 317 to 329 AD.The article mentions that "Emperor Jin and Yuan crossed the south", which means that the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty was in Luoyang, while the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in Jiankang, which is now Nanjing.So it is called "Nandu". 10.Why did Lu Yu admire Mr. Tao Hongjing? Lu Yu recorded Mr. Tao Hongjing in the "Tea Classic".This is one of the historical figures that Lu Yu admired.What does Tao Hongjing have to do with tea? Tao Hongjing 456-536 Danyang Moling was born in Nanjing today.Taoist, Taoist thinker, and medical scientist during the Qi and Liang Dynasties of the Southern Dynasties.The word is bright, and he calls himself Huayang and lives in seclusion.Zeng served in the southern dynasty of Qi and worshiped the general of Zuowei Palace.He entered Liang and lived in seclusion in Qushan Maoshan.Visit famous mountains and search for elixir.Emperor Wu of Liang from 502 to 549 was not able to be hired by courtesy, but he was often consulted on important affairs of the court, so he was called "the prime minister in the mountains" at that time.His posthumous posthumous title is "Mr. Zhenbai". Mr. Tao Hongjing has researched on calendar, geography, and medicine. The records related to tea are as follows: "Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs, encountered seventy-two poisons a day, and got rid of them with tea." "Miscellaneous Records" records: "Drinking tea can make people light and rejuvenate. In the past, Danqiuzi and Huangshanjun often drank tea." Lu Yu wrote "Huangshanjun, Danqiuzi" in "The Classic of Tea" may be based on this bring it on? 11.What is the relationship between Xu Yinggong and the tea event? The historical figures related to the tea event recorded by Lu Yu in "The Classic of Tea", from "Three Emperors Yandi Shennong" to "Dynasty Xu Yinggong".Xu Ji, also known as Li Ji.Ligu, Jiyang County, Tang Dynasty, is now a native of Caozhou, Heze, Shandong.The name is Shiji, and the word is Maogong. He first met Li Mi, and later returned to Tang Dynasty.Because of his repeated great achievements, he was awarded the general manager of Licheng, and the emperor gave him the surname Li. Because he avoided the taboo of Taizong's name, he was single-named Ji.This is why Xu Maogong, who was quite famous in the early Tang Dynasty, was also called Li Ji.During the time of Zhenguan, Xu Ji was granted the title of British Duke, and his image was Lingyan Pavilion.Guan Lei moved to Shangshu Zuo Pushe and Jin Sikong.His posthumous posthumous title was Zhenwu. What is the relationship between Xu Yinggong and the tea event?When Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty reigned from 627 to 649, he ordered Xu Ji to supplement the "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" by Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasty, and compiled it into "Tang Xinxiu Materia Medica", a total of 54 volumes.Lu Yu quoted "Tang Xinxiu Herbal Benbu" in the "Tea Classic Seven Things" on the efficacy of tea: "Ming, bitter tea, sweet and bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Indications for fistula sores, urination, and disease relief , Thirst, heat, make people sleep less. The bitterness of autumn harvesting, the main Qi, digestion. Note cloud: "spring harvesting'." This is why Lu Yu wrote in the "Tea Classic" that "Xu Yinggong of the Imperial Dynasty" contributed to tea science. 12.The inscription and allusion on the Sencha Blow Stove, "The Classic of Tea Four Vessels", introduces in detail the Sencha Blow Stove designed by Lu Yu himself. The blast furnace is made of copper and iron.It has three legs, two ears, three ventilating windows and a hole through the bottom of the fire ash, and its shape is like an ancient tripod.The furnace wall is three fen thick, the upper edge is nine fen wide, and the hearth is lined with a six fen thick mud wall to increase the furnace temperature.This stove is not only exquisitely designed, but also has profound inscriptions and images. 1 The three-legged inscription and its implication The first inscription on the foot is: "Kan Shang Sunda Xia Li Yu Zhong", implying the image in "Zhou Yi · Ding Gua": Xia Sunda Shang Li. "Ding Hexagram" is the fiftieth hexagram among the sixty-four hexagrams in "Book of Changes".The tripod-shaped blast furnace takes both the image and the meaning of the tripod hexagram.Take its image, such as slightly deforming the hexagram image symbol like a container, which looks like a container.Its six lines are: the last line is Yin line, like the foot of a vessel; the second, third, and fourth line are Yang lines, the Yang is the reality, the middle is solid and holds things, like the belly of a vessel; the fifth is the The yin line is like the ear of a device; the sixth is the yang line, which is like the ear of a device.From the point of view of the upper and lower bodies, the upper body is empty in the middle, while the lower body has sufficient support, which is exactly the image of a tripod.Taking its meaning, the words of "Zhouyi Ding Gua" said: "Ding, like also, is cooked with wood fire." Because one of the purposes of ancient Ding is to be used as a cooking utensil, so there must be fire and water with it. Xiang Sui.According to the implication of the hexagram "Ding", "Xun" dominates the wind, "Li" dominates the fire, and "Xunxia leaves the top", which means that the wind is below to stimulate the fire, and the fire is above to cook.The "kanshang" in the seven-character inscription, "kan" refers to water, which means that the boiling water container for sencha is placed on the tripod, the wind blows in from below, and the fire burns in the middle.Outlines the fundamentals of making tea.In addition, Lu Yu also cast the symbols of the hexagrams "Xun", "Li" and "Kan" and the images and patterns symbolizing wind, fire and water on the three grids on the catkin part of the furnace bracket. The inscription on the second foot is: "The body averages the five elements and eliminates a hundred diseases."These seven characters refer to the medicinal effects and principles of drinking tea.Ancient Chinese medicine, according to the attributes of the five elements "water, fire, wood, metal, and earth", connects the viscera and organs of the human body, and takes the five zang organs as the center, and uses the theory of mutual generation and restraint between pros and cons to explain the physiological organic relationship between the viscera and the organs. Contact and the impact on pathological changes, and used to guide clinical treatment.This seven-character inscription is intended to explain that if you can drink tea regularly, you can harmonize the five internal organs, and if the five internal organs are harmonious, you will be free from all diseases, and people will naturally live a long and healthy life. The inscription on the third foot is: "Sheng Tang Mie Hu next year system".These seven characters refer to the time when Lu Yu cast the furnace. "Holy Tang exterminates Hu" refers to Tang Daizong finally quelling the "Anshi Rebellion" in 763, the first year of Guangde.That year, Shi Chaoyi, the son of Shi Siming, committed suicide at the end of the road because his subordinates Tian Chengsi and Li Huaixian returned to the Tang Dynasty one after another, thus ending the seven-year "Anshi Rebellion".Based on this, it is speculated that the Sencha stove designed by Lu Yu should have been cast in 764, the second year of Guangde.Lu Yu was in Huzhou. 2. Yigong Geng and Lu's Tea Lu Yu cast six inscriptions on the three ventilation windows of the Sencha stove he cast: "Yigong", "Genglu" and "Shicha".When these six words are connected together, it becomes "Yigong soup, Lu's tea". Yi Gong, that is, Yi Yin, is named Zhi.He was a wise minister of the Shang Dynasty.Lived from about the end of the eighteenth century BC to the end of the seventeenth century BC.At the beginning, he worked in the fields in seclusion, and after three invitations, he came out as a prime minister.Help Tang defeat Jie and destroy Xia, and then rule the world.Yi Yin lived through six generations of emperors in the early Shang Dynasty.He died at the age of one hundred.Tiwadin was buried with the ceremony of the emperor.Mencius called him a sage who can take on great responsibilities.Yi Yin made many achievements, and Tang called him "A Heng". "Aheng" is also an official name, and it was changed to Baoheng by the fifth king of the Taijia Shang Dynasty.The meaning of Aheng is that Tang Yiyiyin maintained the balance and stability of the government. "Poetry · Shang Song · Long Hair": "Shiwei Aheng, really influences the king of Shang." Later, it was extended to guide the emperor to preside over the state affairs. Yi Yin is famous for cooking with tripod utensils. "Yi Yin carries the tripod and adjusts the five flavors to form a phase." The ancient tripod in "Han Tao Wai Zhuan" was an important vessel for passing on the country, or it was used for the country to hold grand sacrifices to carry animals, and it was also used to cook and kill sinners. The instrument of torture.Later, it was used for alchemy, cooking medicine, cooking tea, and burning incense. Yiyin was the first to use tripod utensils to cook delicious soup with five flavors, which has become a famous story through the ages. Lu Yu cast inscriptions on the sencha stove saying "Yiyin soup" and "Lu's tea".Lu Yu's "Lu's Tea" and "Yigong Soup" created by him are also well-deserved.Yi Yin is a virtuous minister with a long history; Lu Yu is a tea sage who has made great achievements in ancient and modern times. Tang Zhang Youxin①reposted the story of Lu Yu and Li Jiqing②cooking tea and appreciating water recorded by Lu Yu in "Cooking Tea" in "Jianchashuiji": Yuchu became famous in the spring of 814 in the ninth year of Yuanhe, and met his friends of the same year in Jianfu temple.Yu and Li Dechui arrived first and rested in the Yuanjian room in the west wing.At that time, a monk from the Chu region also came.There are several books in the luggage, and I even took out a volume to read, the text is detailed and miscellaneous.At the end of the volume, there is another title, "The Story of Making Tea".From 762 to 779 of the Yun Dynasty Zong Dynasty, Li Jiqing assassinated Huzhou.Traveling to Weiyang (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), he met Lu Hongjian, a priest.Li Su is familiar with Lu's name and has the joy of admiration, so he went to the county on the same road.When he arrived at the Yangzi Station in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, and was about to have dinner, Li said: "Mr. Lu is good at tea, and he is famous all over the world. Besides, the zero water in the south of the Yangtze River is unique. Today, the two wonderful ones meet once in a thousand years, so what is the difference?" ?” So he ordered a reliable sergeant to sail to the center of the Yangtze River to drink Nanling water with a bottle and a boat.Lu Yu prepared the tea maker and waited.When the soldiers came back from fetching water when they were young, Lu Yu looked at it with a ladle and said: "This is the water of the Yangtze River, but it is not the water of Nanling, it is quite like the water of the river bank." The sergeant who fetched water argued: "I drove a boat deep into the middle of the river to fetch water. I saw no less than a hundred people. How dare I lie." Lu Yu poured water into the basin without saying a word, and stopped when it was half full.Then use a dipper to lift the water and say: "What is left in the bottle is Nanling water." The sergeant was horrified when he heard the words, and apologized and said: When I brought water from Nanling back to the shore, due to the strong current, the boat was shaken and unstable, and half of the water in the bottle was spilled.The clerk is really a godsend, and the villain dare not lie. Inspector Li Jiqing and dozens of guests on board were all surprised and impressed.He became very interested in Lu Yu Jianshui Rushen and his superb tea cooking skills.Li Yin asked Lu: "Since you are so familiar with the nature of water, you can naturally accurately judge the quality of the water in the place you have experienced?" Lu replied: "Chu water is the first, and Jin water is the lowest." So I asked Lu Yu to introduce the famous springs in various places in turn. There are twenty good waters.According to Zhang Youxin's "Jianchashuiji", he borrowed the story of tasting springs from a monk in Chu, exactly ten years after Lu Yu's death. In Lu Yu's life experience, there are many unique and interesting stories, as is the anecdote about drinking spring tea.In the tea tasting story of the Tang Dynasty, there are two characters, Lu Yu and Li Jiqing, but in Tang Feng's "Feng Shi Hearing and Seeing Notes" ③, but it records another story with completely opposite content.This story was written by Lu Yu while he was still alive, and readers may not believe it to be true. The general idea of ​​the story is: When Li Jiqing, the imperial historian, announced his comfort to the south of the Yangtze River, he arrived at the southeast hall of Linhuai County in today's Si County, Anhui Province.Since the tea ceremony was very popular at that time, someone suggested to Mr. Li that Chang Boxiong⑥ should be invited to perform tea making, and Ji Qing readily agreed.Bo Xiong came here in a yellow poncho and a black gauze hat. During the performance, he held a tea utensil in his hand and described the name of the tea in detail. Everyone admired him. Ji Qing reluctantly drank two cups of the brewed tea. When he arrived in the south of the Yangtze River, someone recommended to Li Jiqing that Lu Yu, who was quite famous at that time, came to the post house to perform tea making, and Ji Qing agreed.Lu Yu, dressed in his usual homely field clothes, came here with a tea set.During the performance, he holds the tea utensil in his hand, and tells the name of the tea in his mouth, explaining in detail one by one.Ji Qing despised him for being like Chang Boxiong.When Lu Yu cooked the tea, he ordered his servant to reward the tea doctor with thirty coins. Feng Yan's story in "Feng's Hearings and Sights" at least shows that if it is not Feng's intention to belittle Lu Yu, it is the Li Qin envoy, who thinks he is elegant, and disdains to be with a plain-looking man in a homely field dress, with a bit of a smile. Stuttering "Tea Doctor" contacts.Therefore, not only did Lu Yu not even touch the fragrant tea that Lu Yu cooked for him, but he issued an order to expel Lu Yu from the door.Of course, there is no such thing as the profound charm of Yaxing and Lu Yu discussing the tea ceremony.It never occurred to Lu Yu that he would suffer such a great humiliation when he was specially invited to make tea. The depression of the tea people at that time is self-evident.As a result, Lu Yu once felt disappointed with the cause of tea science that he had poured all his heart and energy into for many years.Since then, Lu Yu has written an article "Destruction of Tea".Lu You also read this article in the Southern Song Dynasty.He wrote in a tea poem: "It's hard to follow Lu Yu's theory of destroying tea, and Ning and Tao Qian's poems about drinking." Due to the publication of "The Classic of Tea", during the reign of Emperor Zongdali of the Tang Dynasty, especially in Huzhou, Lu Yu finally relied on his honesty and character, his in-depth research on poetry rhythm and Buddhism, especially his superb tea cooking skills and rich tea. He learned knowledge and won reputation and respect among eminent monks, scholars and court officials.Zhang Youxin's story of Lu Yu and Li Jiqing's tasting of springs recorded in "Jian Cha Shui Ji" just reflects Lu Yu's great success in advocating and promoting his tea science and tea art career. [Notes] ① Zhang Youxin: For a brief biography, please refer to the notes ① in "Traveling around Jianghu and Tasting the World's Famous Springs" in Chapter Four of this book, "The Tea Saint Lu Yuxia". ②Li Jiqing? -767: Chengji of Longxi, a native of Northwest Qin'an, Gansu Province.The son of Li Shizhi, the left minister of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.The weak crown cites the Ming Jing, which is quite technical.Ying Zhiju, Deng Hong's Ci erudite subject, then served as Huxian Wei of Jingzhao Prefecture.During the Suzong Dynasty, he moved to Zhongshu Sheren and demoted him to Tongzhou for official business. Daizong ascended the throne, raised a great deal of admiration, recruited from Tongzhou as Jingzhao Shaoyin, succeeded Zhongshu Sheren, Minister of the Ministry of Officials, and Doctor Yushi. .Ji Qing is generous, knowledgeable, good at communicating with people, and open-minded.Its duty in the court is to promote talents, and scholars are more than it.He died in the second year of Dali and was given to the Minister of Rites.As for Zhang Youxin's "Jian Cha Shui Ji", it is said that Ji Qing assassinated Huzhou in the Daizong Dynasty, but the original biography of Ji Qing in "Old Tang Book" did not include it. ③ Feng Yan: The year of birth and death is unknown.Tang Ju was born in Jing County, Hebei Province.He promoted officials with tribute to the doctor of the Ministry of officials, and also served as the censor Zhongcheng.The "Fengshi Hearing and Seeing Records" written by Fengshi must be subtly factual and sufficient for textual research.Since Yan Shigu corrected the absurd orthodoxy, Li Yi [yi] Kuang Zixia's collection, and Li Ji's publication errors, this couple is rare. ④ "Feng Shi Hearing and Seeing Records": written by Tang Feng Yan, a total of ten volumes.The first six volumes record laws, cultural relics and customs; the seventh and eighth volumes record historical sites and legends; the last two volumes record anecdotes about officials and officials.The anecdotes of the Tang people mentioned above can make up for the lack of historical materials in the Tang Dynasty. ⑤ Yushi doctor: official name.Qin Shizhi.The status is second only to the prime minister.In charge of impeachment, picketing, and management of book secretaries.In the Tang Dynasty, a doctor Yushi was placed in Yushitai, who was in charge of supervision and law enforcement, and was the chief of Yushitai. ⑥Chang Boxiong: His experience is unknown.He was a folk tea master of the same era as Lu Yu in the mid-Tang Dynasty. “善煮茶，因陆羽着《茶经》，复广着茶之功。御史大夫李季卿召伯熊煮茶，季卿为再举杯。”引自《中国人名大辞典》，１９３３年４月商务印书馆版 陆鸿渐陆羽生时被人誉为“茶仙”，死后被奉祀为“茶神”。可是“茶神”这一带有浓厚宗教观念色彩的神灵偶像，究竟意味着什么呢？也许在世人的心目中认为，陆羽虽然离开了人世，但他的灵魂依然存在于冥宇之中，仍在掌管茶事的职司，能对人间的茶茗物质世界，施加神灵的影响。所以，人们在默默地祈求“茶神”保佑，茶叶生产能年年丰收，这正如有联语所云“千秋祀典，旗枪风里弄神灵”上饶陆羽泉下联——这两句话正好反映了古代的茶民们有祭祀陆羽的习俗，祈祷“茶神”保佑茶园“旗”肥“枪”嫩，茶茗丰收，崇信神灵的情景。而开茶社茶馆的店主则更是祈求“茶神”能保佑生意兴隆，财源滚滚；这位陆茶神似乎也给一些生产茶陶器具的作坊带来了好运。 据唐李肇在《唐国史补》卷中《陆羽得姓氏》及有关陆羽逸闻记载：“巩县陶者多为瓷偶人，号陆鸿渐，买数十茶器得一鸿渐，市人沽茗不利，辄灌注之。”这段话的大意是说，在唐代河南府巩县地方一些制陶作坊，为了能多销售茶器具，专门烧制了一个瓷偶人，名曰：陆鸿渐陆羽，买数十件茶具的顾客方赠一鸿渐。在市井开店铺售茶者，将这位难得的瓷偶“茶神”放在煎茶炉厨上供奉祈福，可是每当茗市不利，生意冷落时，店主就将心里的怨气，迁怒于鸿渐，往瓷偶“茶神”头上浇注沸汤。 冤哉！陆羽。这位生前向以忠厚善良着称于世，死后遗茗惠于世人的千古名贤，竟何以遭到沽茗恨利的商贾〔ｇu〕如此不公恭的对待呢？这至少说明了，古代的物神化和人神化的宗教观念——即认为在另一个溟蒙的世界里，有许许多多各司其职的无形神灵在主宰着人间命运的封建迷信观念在唐代一些人的心目中的幻灭，或者说是半信半疑吧。如若对古代茶商对待陆羽这种令人啼笑皆非的社会现象作出科学解释的活，只好请教于马克思了。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》里论“资产者”时说：“它把宗教的虔诚、骑士的热忱、小市民的伤感这些情感的神圣激发，淹没在利己主义打算的冰水之中。”沽茗恨利的茶商亦然，在开市吉利时，即奉陆鸿渐为茶神；生意不景气时，即恚怨这个“茶神”不灵，并动辄以沸茶汤灌注之，店主以此来发泄盈利不佳的不快之情。 于是乎，陆羽身后的不幸遭迂也即遂之降临在他的偶像——“瓷偶人陆鸿渐”身上了。 也许有的读者会提出这样的疑问：“这则故事是唐人杜撰的吧？”应该说，对“瓷偶人”故事的真实性是勿用置疑的。 《唐国史补》记录了自唐玄宗开元至穆宗长庆年间７１２—８２４事共三百零八节。李肇自序说：“言报应，叙鬼神，徵梦卜，近箔帷则去之；纪事实，探物理，辩疑惑，采风俗，助笑谈则书之。”陆羽是贞元末８０４辞世的。这说明“瓷偶人陆鸿渐”的故事，是发生在唐贞元二十年８０４至长庆四年８２４这二十年的事情。后世学者对《唐国史补》所记资料的真实性十分推崇，认为许多资料确可补唐代正史之不足。 1.鉴真大师最早向日本传播了中国饮茶风尚中国盛唐社会高度发展的政治、经济和灿烂的文化，其中包括茶文化，在日本产生了重大深远的影响。古代的日本统治阶级，为国家的强盛与统一，积极学习和借鉴一衣带水的邻邦——中国先进的文化与制度。从唐贞观五年６３１至唐季昭宗乾宁元年８９４的二百六十多年间，日本多次派出遣唐使、众多的留学生和留学僧。他们既是政治使节，又是文化使节。在政治、文化和弘扬佛教等诸方面进行了广泛的交流。 中国的茶文化，社会饮茶风尚，是何时传入日本的呢？据日本森本司朗《茶史漫话》引言中说：“作为文化之一的饮茶风尚，由鉴真和尚和传教大师带到了日本。”据史载，唐开元二十二年７３４，日僧荣睿、普照来中国学佛。后于公元７４２年专程到扬州请鉴真和尚东渡弘扬佛法。鉴真以五十五岁高龄欣然应聘，从公元７４３年起，在两位日僧和弟子彦祥等陪同下，历尽艰辛，五次东渡均遭失败。日僧荣睿和弟子彦详病死途中，鉴真由于劳累过度，致使双目失明，但其东渡弘扬佛法的夙志不改，鉴真一行数人，终于在公元７５３年１２月第六次东渡成功，登上了日本国土。次年２月到达了当时日本首都奈良，受到了日本朝野僧俗各界的盛大欢迎。为他设坛弘扬佛法，并在奈良建造唐普提寺，成为日本律宗的创始人。鉴真大师东渡，带去了大量的中国佛教经典、雕刻、绘画、医药、书法等文化艺术品，也将中国的茶文化，饮茶风尚传到了日本。为中日两国的文化交流做出了重要贡献。 公元７６３年５月６日，鉴真在日本奈良唐普提寺，双膝盘坐，面向西方的祖国而圆寂，终年七十六岁。此后，一千二百多年来，中日两国人民，一直怀着崇敬的心情，缅怀这位律法大师的功绩，１９６３年中日两国的宗教界、文化界、医药界，在扬州举行鉴真逝世一千二百周年纪念会。郭沫若写下了诗章，以志纪念： 鉴真盲目航东海，一片精诚照太清。 舍己为人传道艺，唐风洋溢奈良城。 日本学者森本司朗在茶书中披露，鉴真大师于唐玄宗天宝十二年７５３第六次东渡时将中国的茶文化传到日本，这是迄今中国茶文化传到日本的最早记录，距今已有一千二百四十年了。这要比一般茶书上记载，由日僧最澄、海空来中国天台山学佛时将中国茶籽带回日本的时间，恰好早了半个世纪。 公元８０５年唐顺宗永贞元年，仅在位数月。宪宗即位改元元和元年，日本高僧最澄、海空西渡来中国浙江天台山国清寺学佛，归国时带回了中国茶籽，种于日本近江台麓山地区，最澄倡导并建立了日本最古老的茶园——日吉茶园。两位日本高僧向本国传播了中国饮茶的风习。 据日茶书记载，公元８１５年日本嵯峨皇帝行幸近江国的唐崎，大僧都永忠，煎茶献给皇帝。这是日本关于饮茶的最初记录。森本司朗在茶书中还特别提到中国“茶道天才陆羽的煎茶法，早在嵯峨天皇８０９—８２３在位时传入了日本”。 但是，来自中国的珍贵饮料，当时仅在留学僧侣中间流行，茶还没有普及到大众之间。在其后的一个多世纪的时间里，中日间的文化交流处于最低潮时期，所以，茶在日本的传播，到九世纪末，几乎完全断绝了。 2.荣西和尚是传播中国茶文化的非凡使者中国的茶叶种籽在日本生根，培育成大面积茶园，中国的茶文化在日本得到传播，做出最重要贡献的应属日本高僧荣西大师了。荣西可谓是重开中日佛教文化交流，向日本传播中国茶文化的一位非凡人物。 荣西，于１１４１年生于日本冈山市一个神官之家。十四岁出家受戒，到当时日本天台宗传播佛学的最高学府学佛。 荣西在二十一岁时立志，步先哲的后尘，来中国学法，重开已中断了百年之久的中国留学之路。１１６８年，二十八岁的荣西，怀着求知的渴望，战胜了波涛汹涌的大海，在浙江明州今之宁波登陆。他怀着学到佛教的真谛，求得良师的心愿，遍访了江南的名刹古寺。最后到了浙江天台山万年寺，拜禅宗法师虚庵怀蔽大师为恩师，虔诚学习佛法。当虚庵禅师移居天童山景德寺时，荣西亦相随移居。因该寺年久失修而荒芜，需要改建，荣西为了报答恩师的厚恩，为筹集建寺良材，重回日本，经多方奔走，广集良材，组成木筏，在两年之后，历尽艰险，再次在明州登陆，并鼎力协助虚庵大师完成了景德寺的改建计划。荣西的至诚学法和广结善缘的精神，受到了天台、天童两寺僧众的钦敬。虚庵大师有赞美荣西的诗句： “锋芒不露意已彰，扬眉早堕知情乡”。赞扬荣西有卓越的见解和非凡的洞察力。 荣西来中国学佛，是在南宋高宗绍兴初年，社会相对稳定，江南各地茶园，还处于兴旺发展的时期，在北宋兴起的饮茶风尚，早已普及到了民间。当时街头、驿站、寺院门前均设有茶座，出一二文钱，便随处有茶可饮。而唐宋以来，寺院中僧侣为坐禅破瞌睡，饮茶早已成风习。荣西居住的天台寺一带，每年从春到夏都能看到农民的采茶、制茶等茶事活动，社会上下僧俗嗜茶的情景，更是耳闻目睹，这些都对荣西产生了深刻的影响。荣西在钻研浩瀚的佛教经典之余，也在埋头于茶的研究。 荣西于１１９１年７月南宋绍熙二年离开天童山景德寺，拜别虚庵怀蔽大师回国时，除带了许多经典外，同时也带了大量的茶树种子，回到了日本博多港。荣西回国后，除了自己在筑前、肥前两国交界处的背振山一带，播下了中国茶树种子外，还将茶籽送给山诚国的惠明上人。惠明上人，在栂尾山即日今之宇治中播种了茶种。宇治后来发展成为日本的着名产茶地。宇治的茶被称为“真正的茶”，十分珍贵。 荣西回国后，还将从中国带回去的岩山茶送给了正在患糖尿病的镰仓幕府的将军源实朝，并为其讲了吃茶养生之道。 源实朝将军按荣西指点吃茶疗养，从而恢复了健康。荣西为了向日本全国推广饮茶之风，在归国的第二年，用日式汉字写出了日本的第一部茶书《吃茶养生记》二卷，献给了镰仓幕府。这部后来被称为日本国民健身法鼻祖的《吃茶养生记》，在时隔五百年之后于１６９４年以木刻版在京都问世，引起了茶道界，以及学习中国医术养生之道的人们的广泛重视。 据日本茶书介绍，《吃茶养生记》开篇有这样的记述： “茶者养生之仙药也，延寿之妙术也；山谷生之，其地神灵也；人伦采之，其人长命也，天竺唐人均贵重之，我朝日本酷爱矣。古今奇特之仙药也。”《吃茶养生记》不仅引经据典地论证了茶是养生的仙药，并结合自身的实践作了论证。荣西在书中引用佛教经典关于五脏——心、肝、脾、肺、肾等的协调乃是生命之本的论点，同五脏对应的五味是酸、辣、甜、苦、咸。心乃五脏之核心，茶乃苦味之核心，而苦味又是诸味中的最上者。因此，心脏精神最宜苦味。心力旺盛，必将导致五脏六腑之协调，每日每年时常饮茶，必然精力充沛，从而获致健康。 荣西禅师在日本被尊为“茶祖”。这同我们中国称陆羽为“茶圣”一样。荣西的《吃茶养生记》要比陆羽的《茶经》晚四百多年。但荣西的功绩正是他热诚研究中国茶文化，并广泛向日本大众传播，还将中国的茶树种子，播进了本国的土壤之中，茶叶得以在日本生根、繁植，蔚成片片茶园；也正是由于荣西的这些奠基之功；为其后被称之为“茶道天才”的千利休所创造的，以“和敬清寂” ①为主旨的日本茶道文化开拓了道路。 〔笺注〕①“和敬清寂”：据日本学者解释，这四个字体现了日本茶道的宗旨和精神。 ——和，就是融合一体之意。通过举行茶会，使主客融为一体，客与客融为一体，人与茶、人与茶具、人与自然融合为一体，体现了——和真善的协调美、和谐美，也体现了人类应该彼此合作，酷爱和平的心愿。 ——敬，不仅是人们日常生活中所说的相互尊敬之意，更包含着出席茶会的人，相互之间必须尊重对方的人格，以真诚之心，平等相待。主客之间在茶会上，每一个眼神、每一个动作，都体现尊敬的崇高情意。 ——清，茶是以清为第一的，但并非仅仅满足于物质形体的清洁，而是要追求形而上的清净。所以，主人在茶会上擦洗每一件茶具的同时，也是在擦拭和清洗自己的心灵；同时客人也感受着自己的心灵在净化。 ——寂，意思是要排除一切烦恼和妄想，要使自己的心灵升华到不要为物所动的境地，以清净的心去洗刷客观世界的污垢和尘俗。 冯梦龙②在：“王安石三难苏学士”一回书中，有这样一段品水若神的轶事。在宋神宗年间，因苏东坡③早年反对王安石新法，屡遭贬谪。元丰二年１０７９苏东坡刚刚任满三年，从湖州回京师开封侯旨时，又获罪于王安石，再次被贬出任黄州今湖北黄冈市团练副使。 赴任前苏东坡向王安石辞行时，王安石携东坡手道：“老夫幼年灯窗十载，染成一症，老年举发。太医院看是痰火之症。虽然服药，难以根除。必得阳羡茶，方可治，有荆溪进贡阳羡茶，圣上就赐与老夫，老夫问太医官如何煎服？太医官说：须用瞿塘中峡水，瞿塘在蜀，老夫几次欲差人往取，未得其便，兼恐所差之人未必用心。子瞻桑梓之邦，倘尊眷住来之便，将瞿塘中峡水携一瓮寄与老夫，则老夫衰老之年，皆子瞻所延也。”苏东坡虽对王安石和所任新职颇为不快，也只好领命出京赴任。 据所说，所谓瞿塘中峡水，并非瞿塘峡之水，而是指巫峡之水。原来古代曾称瞿塘峡为西陵峡，曰上峡；巫峡为中峡；西陵峡名为归峡，曰下峡。统称瞿塘三峡。 而所谓阳羡茶，就是江苏宜兴茶，从唐宋以来即为朝廷贡品，因宜兴古名曰阳羡汉代县名故以名茶。 苏东坡虽是天下有名才子，但因是获罪挂名谪官，无可事事，不过登山玩水，饮酒赋诗，军务民情，秋毫无涉。光阴迅速，将及一载，恰值州府马太守欲差苏东坡晋京呈送冬至表文，又令他想起王安石汲取中峡江水之托。正好苏夫人要回四川眉山家乡，东坡决定送她半程，到夔州他即反棹东下，以便取中峡水去东京复命。 未料，船从夔门折返后，下水舟行太快，一泻千里。而东坡见那峭壁千寻，触景生情，又正想作篇《三峡赋》以明志。只因连日劳累，凭几构思，不觉睡去。及至醒来，中峡早过。东坡为了取中峡水，只好叫水手返航。但是，逆水行舟，颇令水手为难。东坡无奈，只好令水手在归峡岸上有市井街道之处泊舟靠岸。东坡分付苍头：“你上岸去看有年长知事的居民唤一个上来，不要声张惊动了他。”苍头领命，登岸不久，带一个老人上船，东坡以美言抚慰：“我是过往客官，要问你一句话。那瞿塘三峡，那一峡的水好？”老者道：“三峡相连，并无阻隔。上峡流于中峡，中峡流于下峡，昼夜不断，难分好歹。”东坡暗想道：“荆公胶柱鼓瑟。三峡相连，一般样水，何必定要中峡？”叫手下，给官价与百姓买个干净磁瓮，自立于船头，看水手将下峡水满满地汲了一瓮，用柔皮纸封固，亲手签押，即刻开船，返回黄州。 东坡晋京呈送贺冬表时，携瓮来到相府。王安石亲启封签。令人用银铫汲煨之，再取着名的定瓷碗一只，投阳羡茶一摄，候水沸如蟹眼时，急速沏茶