Chapter 50 Chapter 10 Allusions to Tea-3

Cao Xueqin has written the daily tea-drinking stories of sons, young ladies, old matriarchs, and young women in Jia’s mansion of nobles and aristocrats in several chapters. Among them, the forty-first chapter "Jia Baoyu Tasting Tea in Cui Temple", It is an excellent work dedicated to tea affairs. It is full of charm and wit when you read it. It can be said that it has all the five beauties of literature, people, tea, water and utensils.Classical Chinese is leisurely and elegant; people are clever and wonderful; tea is a treasure of Wujun Mountain; water is plum snow and rain; all antiques and rare treasures.

Perhaps, in the more than two hundred years since its publication, anyone who loves reading articles on tea ceremony will appreciate Cao Xueqin's exquisite writing with the fragrance of tea in the past and present. Tasting tea at Changcui'an was after the banquet in the "Two Banquets of Shi Taijun in the Grand View Garden". Surrounded by Baoyu, Daiyu and Baochai, Jia's mother took Lao Lao for a walk in the garden. In order to seek coolness and tranquility, I strolled to Changcui Nunnery.Miaoyu welcomes Jiamu and the others in, and makes way for the East Zen room with a smile.

Jia Mu said: "We all ate wine and meat. You have a Bodhisattva here, and you have washed away your sins. Let's sit here and bring your good tea. Let's have a cup and go." I saw Miaoyu personally holding a small tea tray with begonia-style carved lacquer and gold filling "Yunlong offering birthday". Jia Mu said, "I don't eat Liu'an tea." Miaoyu smiled and said, "I know. This is Lao Junmei." Mother Jia took it and asked, "What kind of water is it?" Miaoyu said: "It's the rainwater from Juan (juan) in the old year." It means clean rainwater that has been carefully collected.Mother Jia ate half a cup, smiled and handed it to Mr. Liu and said, "Taste this tea." Mrs. Liu ate it all in one gulp, and said with a smile, "It's good, but it's lighter! It's better to make it thicker. .” Jia Mu and everyone laughed.Then everyone is the same color from the official kiln and fills the bowl with white.

Jia's mother ate tea and asked for tea and water, and Miaoyu prepared tea and selected water, which was also unusual.It shows that they are all proficient in this way.And Miaoyu is even more familiar with Jia Mu's tea drinking habits, so she likes her. Mother Jia said that she "doesn't eat Lu'an tea", which means she doesn't like green tea. Lu'an tea, which is produced in Lu'an, Jinzhai, Huoshan Jinzhai, and Huoshan in Anhui, is one of the famous green tea varieties in my country. It has enjoyed a high reputation since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It has been a court tribute since the early Ming Dynasty. When Cao Xueqin wrote, Lu'an tea was also a treasure among teas.According to relevant information, Lu'an tea was first put on the market during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China from 1905 to 1920.

The "Laojunmei" fried by Miaoyu to Jiamu is Wujunshan tea, which is more precious than Liu'an tea. It is produced in Wujunshan, about 50 kilometers northeast of Guangze County, Fujian Province.Laojun's eyebrows have "long leaves and strong taste". [Author’s note: Some previous articles commenting on “Jia Baoyu’s Tea Quicui’an” mistook Laojunmei tea for Junshan tea in Dongting, Yueyang, Hunan.The misinformation of more than 30 years was solved by Mr. Zhou Jingmin in the article "Analysis of the Problems of Yueyang Junshan Tea" in "9. Laojunmei is not Junshan tea".This article was published in the first issue of "Chinese Tea People" in 1995.In order to let colleagues in the field of tea culture and readers understand the whole story of this case, this section of Mr. Zhou’s article is attached to this article as a note②. ] Jiamu's tea drinking is the prelude to tea tasting in Changcui'an.Miaoyu's tea art performance was carried out for the first time through Baoyu's careful observation. The highlight is "three jades and one hairpin".

"Eat body tea".While Jiamu was having tea and talking and laughing with Liu Laolao and others, Miaoyu pulled Baochai and Daiyu's skirts, and they went out with her, and Baoyu followed quietly.I saw Miaoyu let the two of them stay in the ear room, Baochai sat on the couch, and Daiyu sat on Miaoyu's futon.Miaoyu boiled water in the stove and made another pot of tea. Baoyu then walked in lightly and said with a smile, "You guys are eating Tiji tea!" Both of them laughed and said, "You came here again to take away the tea and eat Cengcha! There is nothing for you here."

The elegant taste of tea tasting is that Miaoyu, the nunnery master who came from a scholarly family, commented on the water, discussed the utensils, and displayed his treasures while serving tea to guests; Baoyu saw Miaoyu take out two other cups, one with ears on the side, engraved on the cups are "瓟斝 [sound: banpaojia]" three official characters, followed by a line of small real characters: "Wang Kaizhen play"; There is a line of small characters "Su Shi met Su Shi in Meishan in the secret mansion in April of the fifth year of Song Yuanfeng". Miaoyu poured out a pot and handed it to Baochai. That one was shaped like a bowl but small, and it also had three pendulum seal characters, engraved with "Point Rhinoceros" Qiao], Miaoyu poured a pot of green jade with Daiyu, and still poured the green jade bucket she used to eat tea with Baoyu.

Baoyu laughed and said, "As the saying goes, 'world and law are equal': the two of them are just antiques and treasures like that, and I'm just a vulgar one?" Miaoyu said: "Is this a common utensil? I'm not talking crazy, I'm afraid you may not find such a common utensil at home?" Baoyu laughed and said: "As the saying goes: 'Follow the country, follow the vulgar'. When you come here, you will naturally degrade all the gold, jewels and jade as vulgar objects." Miaoyu was very happy when she heard this, so she found another big one with nine tunes, ten rings, one hundred and twenty knots and carved bamboo roots, and said with a smile, "this is the only one left, you can eat it." This sea?"

Baoyu said happily, "It's time to eat." Miaoyu laughed and said, "Although you have eaten, you will suffer without these teas. Don't you hear, 'One cup is a taste, two cups is a thirst-quenching fool, and three cups is a donkey drink.' You eat this What will become of one sea?" Baochai, Daiyu and Baoyu all laughed.Miaoyu held the pot and only poured about a cup into the sea. Baoyu ate it carefully, and she felt extremely light and mellow, and she was full of praise. In Cao Xueqin's book, whether it is about Shi Taijun drinking tea, or "three jades and one hairpin" eating Tiji tea, the character "taste" is highlighted.One mouthful is taste, three mouthfuls are taste.

When Miaoyu presented tea to Jiamu, Jiamu only ate half a cup of tea, which is exactly "evaluating the taste, finding nothing but refreshing".At the same time, the old general Liu drank up the half bowl of tea handed by Jia Mu, and said that the tea was a bit weak, which made Jia Mu and the others laugh. "Brow" can only appreciate its sweet and refreshing taste if you taste it carefully, it is not a fool to quench your thirst.When Miaoyu invited Baochai, Daiyu, and Baoyu to "eat Tiji tea", although it was not specified what kind of tea they were eating, it was naturally a rare and precious tea that was better than that of "Laojunmei".Rare things are more expensive, so both the host and the guest pour a cup to drink.The fragrance of tea comes from water, so the ancients paid special attention to choosing the best water from famous springs to cook tea when drinking tea, which is called tasting springs.The "three jades and one hairpin" and "eating Tiji tea" in Changcui Temple are extraordinary because Miaoyu treats guests with tea cooked with plum blossom snow liquid.After everyone drank the "extremely light and mellow" fragrant tea——Dai Yuyin asked: "Is this also the rain of the old year?"

Miaoyu sneered and said, "You are such an ordinary person that you can't even taste water! This is the snow on the plum blossoms that I collected five years ago when I lived in Panxiang Temple in Xuantou. The flower urn is always reluctant to eat, it is buried in the ground, and it only bloomed this summer. I only ate it once, and this is the second time.——Why can’t you taste it? The rainwater of the next year is so clear Jun?!" Just imagine, that Lin Daiyu, who is extremely intelligent and the most outstanding in terms of character and talent, has always been kind and self-willed, and claims to be superior in knowledge and experience. Miaoyu turned out to be a "great layman" who couldn't even taste water.At that time, Daiyu might have felt slightly unhappy, so she had no choice but to subdue silently.And Xue Baochai, who is calm and elegant, quiet and serene, but good at acting according to circumstances, knows well that Miaoyu "is eccentric in nature, doesn't talk too much, and doesn't sit too much. After tea, he asks Daiyu to come out." Cao Xueqin wrote about tea tasting in Changcui Temple, cleverly and naturally combining tea tasting with appreciation of antiques and rare treasures - tea utensils complement each other, and it has a unique charm of tea tasting, giving "three jades and one hairpin" and "eating your own tea" By adding unlimited fun and style. Not to mention how elegant and decent the begonia-style carved lacquer and gold-filled "Yunlong Xianshou" small tea tray that Miaoyu held out when she presented tea to Jiamu held the precious five-colored small clock from Chenghua Kiln in the Ming Dynasty; look, The cup Miaoyu poured tea for Baochai was called "Wang Kaizhen Wan", and the name was "瓟斝".This tea set not only has a novel name and ingenuity; its shape is also very unique:  and 瓟, belonging to the genus , are a kind of small gourd; and 斝, a large ancient copper wine vessel. , which resembles an ancient jue but is larger in size, was very popular in the Shang Dynasty.It can be imagined that this is a special tea vessel that combines the roundness and cuteness of a small gourd with the elegance and rareness of an ancient noble-shaped wine vessel.This can naturally be called a "treasure".Wang Kai was the wealthiest man among the bureaucrats of the Jin Dynasty; and on his cup was written: "Su Shi in Meishan in April of the fifth year of Song Yuanfeng met in the secret mansion" in small characters.Linking "Wang Kaizhen Wan" with the great writers, calligraphers and painters of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Master Pinquan, this makes this Wang Kai, who has been estimated from the time of the death of Cao Xueqin in 420 at the end of Jin Dynasty-1763 or 1764 in Qing Qianlong for more than 1,300 years. Kaizhen playing has become a rare treasure.The tea utensil that Miaoyu used when pouring tea for Daiyu was as small as a bowl, and the name was "Dian Rhinoceros".It is an ancient bowl vessel made of rhinoceros horn. There is a white spot in the center of its cross section. This antique contains the allusion of Tang Li Shangyin's poem "The heart has a sympathetic connection", which is more meaningful and elegant. As for Miaoyu's two cup exchanges for Baoyu, it has a special meaning and a hint of world sentiment.Just imagine how lonely and self-admired Miaoyu, who is "beautiful as blue, more talented than immortals, and rare by nature", is a person who "dislikes others who are too clean", but uses the "green jade bucket" she uses for drinking tea every day. "He poured tea for Baoyu, but Baoyu said it was a "vulgar vessel", which aroused Miaoyu's discussion, and found out the big pot with whole carved bamboo roots, leading to the theory of "donkey drinking". , It made people laugh, and they all laughed. Although Miaoyu is in the place of Qingxiu, her relationship with the world has not yet been fulfilled. In the depths of her heart, she has a faint affection for Mr. Yihong, and she regards Baoyu as her confidant in "plain clothes".So she talked and laughed happily with Baoyu while tasting tea, without any Taoist precepts. In the forty-first chapter of Cao Xueqin's book, the tea tasting in Changcui'an is written with a unique charm. The elegance you seek when sipping tea.Ming Lu Shusheng said in the "Seven Classes of Sencha" in "The Story of Tea Lao"-personality, spring products, cooking, tasting tea, tea season, tea partner, and tea honor-when discussing "personality": "sencha is not Romance requires people to get along with tea, so people always pass it on in Gaoliu seclusion." Miaoyu, who is proficient in tea ceremony, cooks some soup by himself, which can be said that he is the same as "spring product" plum blossom snow water, "tea tea". Tasting "Wujunshan tea is how it complements each other. The elegant environment of "pavilions and quiet rooms, bright windows and curved tables, monks' dormitory, pine wind and bamboo moon" explored in "Tea Hour", but the Quicui Nunnery where Miaoyu lives seems to be even better, with flourishing flowers and trees in the courtyard. , neat and elegant; inside the quiet room of the meditation hall, the windows are bright and clean, and the antiques are shining, which seems to be a secluded place where even Taoist priests and immortals are suitable for drinking tea.And what about the "tea couple"? It's even more wonderful, except that the "black clothes" are all the relatives of the "Red Mansion". Among the four people who "eat Tiji tea", three of them, Daiyu, Baochai, and Miaoyu, are characters in "Jinling Twelve Beauties"; Mr. Yihong. ——They are tea couples—couples—“Mortal alliance between wood and stone”——“Golden and Jade Marriage”—adding another layer of pure tea-like, light Like smoke, it is friendship, and if there is a faint relationship in the world, it seems real and unreal, only a consonant understanding, an indescribable subtle relationship.This may be the real gist of Master Cao Xueqin's writing "Tea Tasting at Quicui'an", and it is precisely because of this that it has become a well-known and popular article on tea tasting in modern and ancient literature. [Note] ①Cao Xueqin? —1763 or 1764: Name Zhan, No. Xueqin, also No. Qinxi, Qinpu. His ancestral home is Fengrun, Hebei, and he later moved to Shenyang and became Liaoyang.Enter the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Zhengbai Banner in Manchuria for coating. Born in a "century-old family" in Nanjing, a big bureaucratic landlord family.Influenced by literature and art since he was a child, he is good at poetry and painting, and has various artistic talents.A famous novelist in the Qing Dynasty.Great-grandfather Xi, Zu Yin, and father  successively worked as weaving in Jiangning for sixty years, and they were the confidantes of Emperor Kangxi.During the Yongzheng period, due to the intensification of factional strife within the palace, his father Cao was dismissed from his post and ransacked his home, and moved to the western suburbs of Beijing.Xueqin devoted ten years of hard work to writing in the poverty-stricken life of "the whole family ate porridge and wine on credit" when Cao's family suffered a complete defeat. This is the most realistic masterpiece in Chinese novels.In her later years, under the attack of poverty and illness, and the death of her youngest son, Xueqin only completed the first 80 chapters before completing the book, and the last 40 chapters were continued by Gao E and died with tears.Xueqin died on Renwu New Year's Eve in the 27th year of Qianlong or Guiwei New Year's Eve in the 28th year.His best friend during his lifetime was buried in a deer cart, shedding tears and yellow sand, and buried this unprecedented genius and the first-class author in the history of world literature. ②Laojunmei is not Junshancha: Mr. Zhou Jingmin said: 'The origin of this problem has something to do with the author. In 1957, I worked in the Hunan Provincial Tea Management Office. In March, "New Hunan News" The editor called my office and asked to write a report.The leader appointed me to write a short story and send it under my pseudonym.When the newspaper was published, the editor added a sentence under "Junshan Tea" in the article: "It is Laojunmei tea cooked by Miaoyu of Quicui'an for Jia Baoyu and Ying for Jia's mother". The news spread. I was surprised after reading the newspaper. At that time, because I was very busy with work, I didn't go to the newspaper office to inquire immediately, but my doubts were still lingering in my heart. After many years, I had the opportunity to check a lot of local chronicles and ancient books about Junshan tea, but I didn't find that Junshan tea, also known as "Laojunmei ". Once I accidentally read "Fujian Production Records" written by Guo Baicang in the Qing Dynasty in 1888, "Laojun's eyebrows are shiny and Wujun is also produced in front of Wujun Mountain. Laojun's eyebrows are long and delicious." There is no punctuation in the original text, and the brackets are Guo used small characters to note himself. At that time, I only knew that there were three "Junshan" in the country, one in Hunan, and two in Jiangyin and Yixing, Jiangsu. Is there a Junshan in Fujian? After several years of searching for information, and many inquiries It turned out that the editor of the newspaper had only solved this mystery for more than 20 years. It turned out that the editor had worked in Yueyang for 8 years. The appearance of Junmei is glossy and dark. In the past, Junshan, Hunan also produced "Laojunmei". I didn't notice that Guo's article refers specifically to "produced in Fujian". In fact, "Gloss" is the name of a county in Fujian. Wujun Mountain", the southeast of the mountain is connected to Wuyi Mountain in Chong'an County. See the seventh volume of "Atlas of Chinese History". Gongfu, strange species, etc., Laojunmei's "long leaves and strong taste" should be a kind of oolong tea produced in the early Qing Dynasty, not Wuyi Yinzhen with a sharp bud shape and a mild taste, let alone Junshan Maojian tea of ​​Hunan green tea. Cao Xueqin wrote the "Red" book based on the existing tea, which contains the meaning of Miaoyu's birthday to Jia Mu. It was not produced in the late Qing Dynasty, and it was named according to the "Red" book. Xueye Qingganzhangjingquan brought his own tea stove to cook and fry Lu Yu, with his decades of experience in tasting springs, in his two chapters of "Tea Classics", "Five Cooking" and "Six Drinks". The choice of tea and water is very important.He also emphasized that when choosing water for cooking tea, "use mountains and rivers, rivers, and wells. The mountains and waters should be selected from the flowing milk springs and stone pools."Later, he wrote the twenty famous springs and good waters in the world listed in "The Story of Cooking Tea" in the chapter on water products.Lu Yu's appreciation of famous springs in the world is another great contribution to Chinese tea culture and has had a great influence on tea events in later generations. However, Lu Yu's "Cooking Tea" has been lost. It can only be found in Tang Zhang Youxin's "Jianchashuiji". What is unfair.This is just as Zhang Youxin said in "Jian Cha Shui Ji": "The husband shows the principle and sees things, and today's people are not inferior to the ancients. There are things that the ancients did not know but people can know today." Shenzhou has a vast territory and the world is so big that the ancients are not enough. Can you get involved? Although Lu Yu has traveled all over Bashan, Shushui, Jingchu, and Wuyue mountains and rivers, he has never been to the northern country where the world is covered with silver in the severe winter, and he has never tasted the charm of ice and snow. After Lu Yu, spring tasters since the Tang and Song Dynasties believed that cooking tea with snow water was an elegant thing, and there were verses praising the use of snow water to make tea in every poem.For example, Bai Juyi's "Xiao Qi" has: "Melting snow to fry tea, seasoning and cooking chyle." Tang Lu Guimeng and Pi Rixiu sang and chanted tea poems: "Come and sit in the pine, watching the snow on the fried pine." Song Luyou "Snow" "Hou Sencha" has: "On a snowy night, the spring is clear and sweet, and I bring my own tea stove to cook and fry." From these tea-chanting poems, we can appreciate the love of appreciating the snow scene and frying snow and tea in ancient times. How wonderful the scenery is.After the heavy snowflakes flying all over the sky, they came between the pine forests, or by the banks of the mountain springs, where they burned the stove, cooked fresh snow, and made tea; The sweet fragrance bestowed by nature. The ancient Pinquan always regarded "lightness, clearness, sweetness and cleanliness as beauty. Clearness and sweetness are the nature of water, which is rare alone." Xiong Mingyu's "Luoye Tea Records".And the snow mentioned in the poem is the top of the green pine for the ancients to cook tea. On the mountain spring, there is little flying dust and no pollution. Naturally, it can meet the standard of "light, clear, sweet, and clean". Maybe readers will have this question: Although the snow water is clean and sweet, can it be compared with the famous springs in the world?Why is it unfair for Lu Yu to rank Xueshui at the bottom of the twentieth rank?Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was a tea addict. He lived to be eighty-eight years old, and he was the longest-lived emperor among the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. It is said that he benefited from tea.He loved drinking tea all his life, especially in his later years.When he was about to abdicate at the age of eighty-five, an old medical officer said regretfully: "A country cannot live without a king for a day." But the prosperous king who will become the Supreme Emperor humorously said: "A king cannot live without tea for a day. "He has tasted famous teas all over the world, and also tasted many famous springs in the world, and has a unique tasting method.Make a comprehensive comparison of the water quality of cleanness, lightness, sweetness and cleanliness, and use a special silver bucket to measure spring water from various places.After he appointed Yuquan in Yuquan Mountain, Beijing, as the "No. 1 spring in the world", he said: "However, there is no one who is lighter than Yuquan? He said: Yes! It is snow water; taste and cook it, it is lighter than Yuquan. Snow water cannot be obtained constantly." This shows that, based on the practice of Qianlong's spring tasting and its measurement standards, cooking tea with snow water is even better than the water of Yuquan, which is "the best spring in the world", and even better than the water from Yuquan, which was commented by Tang Luyu and Liu Bochu as "the world's The "Second Spring" Wuxi Huishan Stone Spring was rated as "the third spring in the world" by Emperor Qianlong.This at least shows that snow water should not be listed at the end of the world's famous springs and good water. Everything in nature is subject to its time, space, location and specific conditions.Just imagine that the ancient land of China was sparsely populated. For example, in the eighteenth year of Qianlong, that is, in 1753, the population of the country at that time was less than one-tenth of the current level, and there were only 102.75 million people. Underground resources, especially energy, were far from being developed. The living environment, especially in the vast north, is many times better than it is now.In the midwinter season of ancient times, there was heavy snowfall all over the sky, just as Tang Liu Zongyuan described in his poem "Diaoyu": "A thousand mountains and birds are flying away, and thousands of paths are gone." As in this world of silver jade carvings In the twenty-third chapter, Jia Baoyu's "Winter Snow Scenery Poem", the majority of tea drinkers and tea art scholars today will agree with snow water. Make tea.Maybe it is in favor of promoting the grade of ancient snow water to the top of famous springs. When discussing how the ancients used snow water to make tea, scholars who studied the "Red Mansion" tea event, Cao Xueqin said that in the forty-first chapter "Jia Baoyu Tasting Tea in Quicui Temple", Miaoyu used it in the underground collection for five years and took it from plum blossoms. It is questioned whether the snow water sencha served on the table can still be so pure. When Daiyu, Baochai, Baoyu, and Miaoyu were "eating Tiji tea" in Miaoyu's quiet room in Changcui nunnery, Miaoyu said in answer to Daiyu's question: "This is five years ago. I live in the Panxiang Temple in the tomb. The snow on the plum blossoms I harvested all got the grimace green flower jar. I was always reluctant to eat it and buried it in the ground. It only opened this summer. I only ate it once, this is the second time. Yes. Why can’t you taste it, the rain in the next year is so pure?” If the snow water is still listed at the end of the famous springs, rivers, and wells, and it has been buried in the ground for five years, it is generally inferred that it naturally does not meet the standard of cleanness and sweetness.The question is whether the old snow water is not pure?actually not.How can we see that the old snow water can still be so pure?There are poems to prove it: The water in the heart of the river is absolutely superior, and the Ou is filled with flying flowers; the buds are arranged for night trials, and the ancient urn is kept every other year. This is Wu Heng, who was a salt tea ceremony in Sichuan during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty and was good at drinking tea.People from Renhe, Zhejiang.In the twelfth year of Daoguang's reign, Jinshi and Gaishu Jishi wrote "Snowy Night Sencha".The poet described that when it snows heavily in severe winter, he directly picks up the Qionghua from the sky and puts them into the urn, and then closes it up like an ancient cellar to preserve fine wine. The liquid-like snow water, "Sprouting Night Trial", drinking tea and enjoying the snow, is quite contented.This poem at least shows that brewing tea with the snow water left in the ancient urn every other year is better than the "Yangtze River Heart Water" praised by spring tasters.And Miaoyu is the crystal clear element swept from the plum blossoms in Ling Han, which is more self-cleaning, sweet and beautiful. In addition, Miaoyu is a person who cultivates in temples and nuns, and is more proficient in the way of raising water and drinking tea, such as There is a secret method of raising water, using the plum blossom snow liquid that has been preserved for five years to make tea, maybe it is really like Baoyu in the book, after eating the tea made by Miaoyu, it feels light, mellow, extremely sweet and fragrant? However, in terms of epistemology, people of today are better than people of ancient times when they see things clearly in the world;This article intends to conclude with a couplet that contains epistemological philosophy. This may help people discuss whether the snow liquid sencha that Miao Yu used for five years when discussing the tea tasting at Quicui Temple meets the clean water standard?Leave a question for readers to think about: The environment is chanted from far away, and the magic of things can always be found. This is the couplet inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty for the archway in front of the Baoyun Pavilion in the Summer Palace.Baoyun Pavilion is located in the southwest of Foxiang Pavilion in Wanshou Mountain. Its common name is also called Tongting and Tongdian.The main idea of ​​this couplet is: the philosophy contained in thousands of things in nature is mysterious and unusual, as long as you study carefully, you can always find it. Ms. Yan cooks tea, a good guest, green fragrant pavilion, tasting springs, on ancient and modern Qing Dynasty. The story of twenty-five talented women including Tang Guichen, Lin Wanru, Lian Jinfeng, Luo Hongju, drinking tea and discussing tea ceremony in the "Lvxiang Pavilion" in Yanfu Garden.A careful review of this story is not just a leisurely and elegant pleasure after dinner and wine. This time the book gives people a lot of knowledge about tea science, and there are even warning words for tea lovers. There are some mistakes, but it is enough to make readers appreciate the author's good intentions.The story begins like this: After breakfast that day, the old lady Ye ordered the maids to lead the ladies to play in the garden.The peaches and apricots are just blooming, and the willow buds are sprouting green. It is a spring scene, which is very cute.Everyone walks freely and swims around. Ziqiong said: "My sister only has a dozen courtyards in this garden, but it's not worth taking a walk here. There is just one good thing in it. If you sisters like tea, you can cook it and serve it." Zhilan said: "Could it be that there is another sweet spring here, why don't you give me one?" Ziqiong said: "Not only the sweet spring, but also a few excellent tea trees. If you make tea with fresh leaves-my sister never eats tea, so you can't know its taste-only the color is better." So, Ziqiong led the way, and soon came to a courtyard. There was a pavilion in the middle, surrounded by tea trees. The trees were of different heights and sizes.Walking to the pavilion, there are three big characters "Lvxiang Pavilion" written on the forehead.When all the talented women were discussing the plaque of "Green Fragrance Pavilion", the servants and maidservants had been ordered by the lady to bring the cooked fragrant tea into the pavilion.Everyone took a cup each, only to see that the color was greener than green onions, and they felt that they loved each other, and when they entered the mouth, it was really fragrant and refreshing, quite different from what they usually eat, and everyone praised it endlessly. The boudoir said: "The tea just now is not only fragrant, but the water is also extremely sweet. How do you know that Sister Ziqiong enjoys this kind of happiness on weekdays?" Ziqiong said: "my sister never eats tea. These tea trees were planted by my father since he was a child. My father didn't like anything all his life, he only liked tea. Because tea leaves are often fake in recent times, he spared no expense to buy them everywhere. Good species. Like the big trees in the Bachuan Gorge Mountains, they must be refuted with great effort. Who knows that tea trees do not like to transplant, and they have moved thousands of plants vertically, but none of them survived. Therefore, the ancients said that they would drink tea when they got married. The meaning of non-transplantation. I didn’t pay attention to it at the time. Later, I found out that it was because of the death of one plant. There are only more than ten plants left in the garden. They are still the best tea seeds that my father used to find in southern Fujian, Zhejiang and other places. Yes. My father wrote two volumes of "Tea Precepts", which are the most detailed. When they are published in the future, they will naturally be presented as gifts." Li Honghong said: "My sister remembers that there is no word for tea in the Six Classics, so there are many names that I don't know. Since my father-in-law has written it, my sister must know it very well. Why don't you explain one or two of them, so that my sister can get a general idea?" Ziqiong said: "tea, that is, the ancient word for tea, is the name of "Erya". ③The tea character of tea bitter tea. Although there are many words, it is not tea.The sound of tea turning to tea, Yan Shigu ④ said that this sound already existed in Han Dynasty.Reading tea is the simplest.As for the names of teas, Guo Pu⑤ said that picking them early is called tea, and picking them late is called Ming. The "Tea Classic" has a saying that there is one tea, two teas, three teas, four teas and five teas, which are called tea today, which is different from ancient times. " The author passed Ms. Ziqiong's discussion on the benefits and harms of tea in the discussion about "the more harm the better, the less" is not advisable. , The scientific conclusion that is beneficial to health is completely opposite to the point of view.However, it is said in this verse that because of the excessive tea-addiction of the veteran Yan, he still drank a large amount of tea unrestrainedly when he was old, weak, and sick, which caused serious harm to his body. The warning words issued to the tea lovers are enough to make the tea lovers hear the warning. The discussion about fake tea in the book can also be regarded as a warning to the world, which still has practical significance and is enough for people to learn from it. Tan Huifang said: "Sister Shicai said that the tea leaves are fake. I don't know what made them? Did this fake tea exist since ancient times, or did it start at this time?" Ziqiong said: "There are many fake teas in the world, and there have been them since ancient times. Just as Zhang Hua6 said that drinking real tea makes people sleep less. Since there are real teas, it can be seen that there were fake teas in the previous dynasty. Kuang medical books can't be used as medicine. There are so many fake teas, how can I enumerate them. At present, willow leaves are used as tea in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. Fortunately, willow leaves are harmless to people, and it is okay to eat some occasionally. It is not as cunning and greedy as human nature. Hundreds of schools use soaked tea leaves to dry and use them as medicinal materials. They make all kinds of teas, but they are no different from new teas. It is really abhorrent. When it was first produced, it was bought and soaked dry tea everywhere. Recently, tea is sold far away. When customers go there to buy goods, they don't bring dry tea to make a deal. "As far as the medicinal materials used are orpiment, green gypsum, herring gall, cypress branches and the like. For those who use orpiment, because of its sexual lust, tea leaves are also sexually lustful, and if the two passions are combined, the evening tea fragments can be turned into early spring once they are made; use anthocyanin to choose its color and bright; use cypress branch juice to obtain its taste, It has a delicate fragrance; use herring maw to remove the stench, whichever is bitter; orpiment is more poisonous than arsenic after fire, so gypsum is used to detoxify it; it can also make the tea white and beautiful.People often drink it, and the yin suffers from its poison, which is a lot of trouble.People with weak spleen and stomach often suffer from vomiting, soreness, fullness and abdominal pain. " What Ms. Ziqiong said about the appalling deceitful tactics of large-scale fake tea in tea sales in ancient times is also unheard of for many tea drinkers today. But in everything in the world, there is truth and there is falsehood.In recent years, the cases of manufacturing, trafficking, wholesale, and sale of counterfeit cigarettes, counterfeit alcohol, and counterfeit medicines disclosed by newspapers and television stations around the world are not uncommon. In vigorous eradication.As for the fact that the ancient merchants made fake tea for profit and harm as mentioned in the book, it does exist in the dark corners of today's society, and it is also repeatedly prohibited.For example, a few years ago, a gentleman and his wife went to visit the West Lake in Hangzhou. Near the Su Causeway, they met a young man carrying a canvas bag. Maybe because they were foreigners, they approached him and said, "Mr. Would you like some good tea? I work in a tea factory, and this tea is given out as a bonus. There are quite a lot of tea, and I can’t finish it myself, so I’ll sell some of it.” While speaking, the young man reached out and took out a small bag of tea, When you open it, you can see that the rope is tightly knotted, the fragrance is tangy, and its color and taste are like new scented tea.A gentleman and his wife are on a journey, and they also need to buy some tea to drink on the way.So I spent a few yuan to buy a pack of about three taels, and put it in the bag.Before they left the park, they saw an announcement posted on a billboard near Pinghu Qiuyue: "Recently, fake tea sellers have been found in the West Lake tourist area. Be fooled!" Yun Yun.And put two packs of fake tea wrapped in plastic film on the billboard for public display to warn tourists.A certain gentleman immediately felt cheated. When he opened the paper bag and took a look, how could this be the "good scented tea" he saw just now?It is indeed a mixture of willow leaves and the lowest amount of tea leaves, exuding a grassy smell.Honest and kind people, who would have thought that in the broad daylight beside the beautiful West Lake, there would be people who would deceive others with falsehoods to profit and harm others? [Notes] ① Li Ruzhen about 1763-about 1830: word Songshi.Daxing, Zhili is now a native of Beijing.Qing novelist.When I was young, I didn't like to write stereotyped essays. Later, I was employed by Ling Tingkan, and studied classics and history, as well as phonology.He also became interested in calligraphy and painting, star divination, chess and so on.Around the age of thirty-eight, he served as the magistrate of Henan County and led hundreds of thousands of civilians to defend the Yellow River breach.Because of his boldness and frankness all his life, he didn't cooperate with the ruler, so he was poor.In his later years, with more than 20 years of painstaking efforts, he completed the creation of novels, praising women's talents, and expressing the democratic thought of respecting women's status.But there are also pedantic aspects of promoting the concept of filial piety and karma. ② Six Classics: "Poetry", "Li", "Le", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn" are called the Six Classics.Modern writers say that "the "Le" has no scriptures, but it is attached to the "Poetry"; ③ "Erya": It is an earlier calligraphy book in my country.Once included in the "Thirteen Classics" of Confucianism—thirteen ancient books regarded as classics by Confucianism—"Yi", "Poetry", "Li", "Chundi", "Zhouli", "Yili" ", "Gongyang", "Guliang", "Book of Filial Piety", "Erya", "Mencius". "Erya" was originally said to have been written by the Duke of Zhou.According to the textual research of later generations of scholars, this book is a work of elementary school scholars after Mao Heng in the Spring and Autumn Period combined with old texts to enhance it. ④ Yan Shigu 581-645: The name is Zhou [zhou], the word Shigu, and the word line.One said that the famous teacher is ancient, and the word is 籀.Yongzhou Wannian is a native of Xi'an, Shaanxi.His ancestral home is Langya, which is now Linyi, Shandong. During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, he was the captain of Anyang County.Entering the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu was granted the titles of Chaosan Doctor and Zhongshuling.Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, promoted to worship the Minister of Zhongshu, Secretary and Shaojian, and published ancient books.Shigu was a well-known scholar in the early Tang Dynasty, with profound knowledge, especially fine exegesis, and good at writing articles.He was ordered to examine and revise the "Five Classics" and to revise the "Five Rites" in advance. ⑤ Guo Pu 276-324: word Jing Chun.Wenxi in Hedong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is now a native of Shanxi.He has a lot of knowledge, is good at Confucian classics, is good at Ci, and is good at astronomy, five elements, and divination.During the reign of Emperor Yuan, he was promoted from Zhuo Lang to Shang Shulang.There are "Erya Notes", "Wenyan Notes" and so on. ⑥Zhang Hua 232-300: The word Maoxian.Fangcheng, Fanyang, Jin Dynasty was born in the south of today's Gu'an County, Hebei Province.Official to Sikong.Huaqiang remembers his tacit knowledge and learned a lot, so he was ranked first at that time.To lure people tirelessly, if a scholar has a good person, he will be praised for it.He was granted the title of Marquis of Guangwu County because of his meritorious service in favor of cutting Wu.Later, he was killed by Zhao Wanglun.Author of "Natural History" and other books. ⑦Wumen: Another name for the ancient Wu County, today's Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province.Wu County is the capital of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, because it is called Wumen. "Tang Poetry Chronicle" Zhang Ji "Changmen Chronicle": "Try to go to Wumen to see the county profile. There are new smoke in several places during Qingming." Can't forget to drink tea in Yuehai ①, ask for a sentence ②Yuzhou ③Ye Zhenghuang ④. Thirty-one years ⑤Returning to the old country ⑥, reading Huazhang ⑧ in the season of falling flowers ⑦. If you complain too much, you will not be heartbroken, and you should look at the long-term scenery. Mo Dao Kunming Pool ⑨ water is shallow, watching fish is better than Fuchun River ⑩. This poem is "Seven Laws and Mr. Liu Yazi" written by Mao Zedong on April 29, 1949.Prior to this, Mr. Liu Yazi wrote a song "Seven Laws, Feelings to Chairman Mao" on March 28.The poem reveals his negative emotions of being underappreciated and wanting to leave Beijing and return to his hometown to live in seclusion. In this song and "Seven Laws", Mao Zedong, with his great mind that is springy and elegant, the friendship that permeates the whole article, and the philosophical lines with one word, exhorted Mr. Liu Yazi to "grow the wind and things long". You should keep your eyes open."Please don't change his original intention of coming to Beijing to participate in the Political Consultative Conference and the cause of nation building. Has he forgotten the sincere friendship formed during the "Guangdong and Hai Co-tasting Tea"?I hope he will not leave his old friends who have known him for many years and go back to his hometown to go fishing.先生如有闲暇和雅兴，为何不去“晴光总圣明”的颐和园昆明湖畔垂杆相钓呢？那是何等的赏心乐事啊。 毛泽东这首颇具艺术魅力的诗篇，在柳亚子先生面前展现了一幅美好的图景：这曾经“引无数英雄竟折腰”的万里江山，一旦回到了人民的怀抱，一旦驱除了曾在这块土地上翩翩起舞的“百年魔怪”，一旦荡涤了大地上的污泥浊水，那自古多骄的神州大地，就会更加山川秀媚，草木贲华，生机勃勃，一派春光。在中国两个命运的大决战中，人民已赢得了决定性的胜利，一个如旭日东升的新中国就要在这世界的东方诞生了，她将以巨人的雄姿挺立于世界民族之林。 柳亚子先生在毛泽东这首如春风般鼓荡心胸，字里行间充满友情的呼唤的诗篇的真诚感召下，终于令他心悦诚服地决定留在北京参加新中国的建设事业。 毛泽东的这首着名诗篇，从中国茶事名人名典这一意义而论，应该说它是当代伟人，以品茶为开篇的旷代诗作。它为中华民族茶文化的百花园增添了绚丽的光彩，成为千古佳话。 追寻毛泽东和柳亚子先生的交往与友情是很有意味的。 １９２６年春，毛泽东在广州主持着名的“农民运动讲习所”，并写成了《毛泽东选集》第一篇文章：《中国社会各阶级的分析》。是年，柳亚子先生在广州第一次会见了毛泽东时以字润之行。其时正是国共第一次合作，北伐战争节节胜利，农村革命运动如火如荼；而毛泽东正在广州、武汉培训中国农运的骨干人才，欲把革命星火燃遍神州大地。而作为中国同盟会和国民党早期成员的柳亚子先生，正在广州主持新南社，热情支持国共合作和北伐战争。他对刚过而立之年的毛泽东胸怀天下，激扬文字，指点江山的宏图远略十分钦佩。正是在这样的历史背景下，柳亚子同毛泽东在粤海品茶，谈诗论道，纵议天下大事，这自然是两位哲人都难以忘怀的平生快事。而作为中国革命领袖的毛泽东，则更注重同这位赞同中国革命的党外人士的交往，向来珍视同亚子先生的友情。 毛泽东和亚子先生在羊城分手之后，在风云变幻之中，仍频有书信往来，在四十年代初至１９４４年底，柳亚子先生常有书信、照片、诗作寄给在延安的毛主席。其诗有“云天倘许同忧国，粤海难忘共品茶”之名句。１９４４年１１月２１日，毛主席在致亚子先生的信中说：“广州别后十八年中，你的灾难也受的够了，但是没有把你压倒，还是屹然独立的，为你并为中国人民庆贺！很想有见面的机会，不知能如愿否？” １９４５年８月２８日，毛主席从延安飞往重庆同蒋介石谈判。毛主席同亚子先生在渝邂逅重逢，８月３０日，在曾家岩写诗呈毛主席。His poem says: 阔别羊城HI十九秋，重逢握手在渝州，弥天大勇诚能格，遍地劳民战倘休。 毛泽东于１０月７日致信： 亚子先生吾兄道席： 迭示均悉。最后一信慨乎言之，感念最深。初到陕北看见大雪时，填过一首词注：指１９３６年２月写的《沁园春·雪》，因亚子先生在前信中要毛主席填词，故有此复似与先生诗格略近，录呈审正。敬颂道安！ 毛泽东１０月７日毛泽东于１９４６年１月２８日，致柳亚子先生的信中引用了亚子先生的诗：“'心上温馨生感激，归来絮语告山妻。' 注：这是柳亚子１９４５年秋写的《毛主席招谈于红岩嘴办事处，归后有作，兼简恩来、若飞》一诗中的两句。我也要这样说了。总之是感谢你。相期为国努力。 " １９４９年３月，中央领导机关迁到北京按：时称北平，本文中均称北京。并邀请全国各民主党派和无党派民主爱国人士到北京参加中国人民政治协商会议。柳亚子２月在香港接到毛主席的邀请电，于３月１８日抵达北京。时有军管会文管会钱俊瑞主任迎接，寓东郊民巷六国饭店。是夜亚子先生在《三月十八日东郊民巷六国饭店夜坐有作》诗中有句云：“归心慵梦江南好，定鼎终须在北京。”３月２２日董老必武去寓所看望柳先生。 ３月２５日，毛主席从石家庄到北京，柳亚子先生赴机场迎接。是日晚在颐和园益寿堂其址在万寿山景福阁东北，清光绪年间建，正堂名松春斋举行欢迎毛主席的宴会，柳亚子先生应邀出席并赋有《颐和园益寿堂夜宴》二首。其第二首诗曰： 二十三年三握手HJ，陵夷谷换HK到今滋。 珠江HL粤海惊初见，巴县HM渝州别一时。 延水鏖兵HN吾有泪，燕都定鼎HO汝休辞。 推翻历史三千载HP，自铸雄奇瑰丽诗。 诗人回顾了二十三年间，他同毛泽东三次相见的美好情景，表达了他对中国民主革命事业的同情、支持，对国家发生的“陵夷谷换”的巨大变化和即将定都北京建立新中国感到由衷的喜悦。 由于当时正值人民解放军渡江作战、向全国进军的前夕，毛主席正忙着写《评白皮书》和运筹建国大计，拟议中的政治协商会议要推迟到九月份才能召开；所以，亚子先生的“云天倘许同忧国”，“相期为国努力”的急切心愿一时难以得酬，或许还遇到令人不快之事，于是在３月２８日写了《七律·感事呈毛主席》： 开天劈地君HQ真健，说项依刘RS我大难。 夺席谈经非五鹿RI，无车弹铗怨冯驩RJ。 头颅早悔平生贱，肝胆宁忘一寸丹。 安得南征RK驰捷报，分湖RL便是子陵滩RM。 分湖为吴越间巨浸，元季杨铁崖曾游其地，因以得名。 余家世居分湖之北，名大胜村。第宅为倭寇所毁。先得旧畸，思之凄绝！ 毛泽东在拜读了柳亚子先生的诗作之后，在日理万机按：人民解放军于４月２０日夜，开始了“百万雄师过大江”的渡江战役，４月２１日，毛泽东主席、朱德总司令发布了向全国进军的命令，４月２３日解放南京，毛主席写了《七律·人民解放军占领南京》中，仍抽暇于４月２９日写了《七律·和柳亚子先生》。当柳亚子先生在拜读了毛泽东这首惠诗后，非常感动，于是挥毫写了《迭韵寄毛主席词一首》： 昌言RN吾拜心肝赤，士RO君倾醴酒黄RP。 陈亮RQ陆游VS饶感慨，杜陵VI李白VJ富诗章。 离骚VK屈子VL幽兰怨VM，风度元戎VN海水量。 倘遣名园VO长属我，躬耕原不恋吴江。 毛泽东于５月２１日，在致柳亚子先生的信中说：“各信并大作均收悉，甚谢。某同志妄评大着，查有实据，我亦不以为然。”并在信上善言相劝“希望先生出以宽大政策”不必计较他人对诗作的批评。亚子先生在致毛主席的信中有应保护好西山碧云寺内孙中山衣冠冢的建议。毛主席在回信中答复说：“孙先生衣冠冢看守诸人已有安顿，生事当不致太困难，此事感谢先生的指教。率复不尽，敬颂兴居佳胜！” 毛泽东的诗和信，不仅体现了一位伟人的“高怀同素月，雅量如春风”的磊落胸襟，亦充分表达了他对这位在“粤海品茶”相识结谊，已二十三度春秋的故友的关怀和爱护。所以，直到１９６３年１２月，经毛主席亲自校订，由人民文学出版社出版发行的《毛主席诗词》三十七首本在《七律·和柳亚子先生》的附诗中仍未公布柳亚子《七律·感事呈毛主席》这首诗。而是刊出了“卡尔中山两未忘”的另一首诗。 自１９４４年至１９４９年１２月间，毛泽东致柳亚子的书信，仅以收入《毛泽东书信选集》的就达七封之多。柳亚子致毛泽东的信远不止此数，这足以说明，两位先哲以粤海共品茶为契缘所建立的友谊是何等诚挚，真可谓是，风云变幻情未易，肝胆相照万古芳。 〔毛泽东〕１８９３—１９７６字润之。湖南湘潭人。中国共产党、中国人民解放军、中华人民共和国的缔造者和领导人之一。无产阶级革命家、军事家、战略家、伟大的马克思主义者。１９１３年进入湖南第一师范读书。１９１８年与蔡和森等建立新民学会、社会主义青年团、共产主义小组。１９２１年７月出席中国共产党第一次全国代表大会。１９２２年任中共湘区委员会书记。１９２３年６月在中共三大上当选为中央执行委员，任中央组织部长。１９２４年参与改组国民党，当选为国民党候补中央执行委员，一度代理中央宣传部长。１９２６年主持广州农民运动讲习所，培养农运骨干。１９２７年领导秋收起义，在井岗山创建第一个革命根据地。１９３０年任中国工农红军第一方面军前委书记兼总政委。１９３１年任中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府主席。１９３４年参加长征。１９３５年在遵义会议上被选为中央书记处书记，与周恩来、王稼祥组成三人军事指挥小组，领导举世无双的红军长征。１９３５年１０月胜利到达陕北。 毛泽东被选为军事委员会主席，领导抗日战争和解放战争取得了胜利。建国后曾历任中华人民共和国主席、中共中央主席、军委主席等职。领导全国人民取得了社会主义革命和社会主义建设的伟大成就。主要着作，编有《毛泽东选集》、《毛主席诗词》集等传世。 〔柳亚子〕１８８７—１９５８初名慰高，后更名弃疾，字安如，改字亚庐、亚子。江苏吴江人。１９０３年加入中国教育会、爱国学社。１９０６年参加民主革命活动，加入中国同盟会和光复会。１９０９年创立进步文学团体“南社”任社长。１９２３年与陈望道等组织新南社。１９２６年柳亚子在广州同毛泽东润之相识结谊。后参加新民主主义革命活动。１９４９年３月应邀从香港来北京参加新政治协商会议。中华人民共和国成立后，当选为全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员等职。柳亚子曾着《磨剑室诗集、词集、文集》。有《柳亚子诗词选》行世。 〔笺注〕①粤海：此指广州。广东是古代粤地，今简称为“粤”又临南海，故称广州为“粤海”。 ②索句：指亚子先生请毛主席填词。 ③渝州：今四川重庆市古称“渝州”。隋开皇元年５８１改梁楚州为渝州。宋崇宁元年１１０２改恭州，后升为重庆府，明清两代沿置，故重庆别称渝。 ④叶正黄：指秋天。 ⑤三十一年：毛泽东第一次到北京是１９１８年９月，１９４９年３月再回到北京，正好相隔三十一年。 ⑥旧国：谓古老的都城。当时北京叫北平，尚未建都，故称旧国。 ⑦落花时节：落花犹飞花，是春深之谓。唐韩翃《寒食》诗：“春城无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜。” ⑧华章：华美的文章。是对他人作品的敬称，这里是指柳亚子先生的诗《感事呈毛主席》。 ⑨昆明池：云南滇池本称昆明池；此指北京西郊颐和园万寿山下之昆明湖。《水经注》十三《漯水》称为西湖。金时称金海，元称瓮山泊。清乾隆十六年１７５１疏浚，引玉泉诸派，周三十余里，始称昆明湖。 ⑩富春江：在浙江省富阳、桐庐县境，是着名的风景区。相传，东汉初年，严子陵光，不愿做官，曾隐耕钓于此，其钓处称严陵濑，上有子陵钓台。在桐庐县西十五公里富春山、富春江边。这里是喻指柳亚子先生家乡分湖。因柳诗中有“分湖便是子陵滩”之句。 HI羊城：又作五羊城，广州的别称。唐高适《高常侍集》七《送柴司户充刘卿判官之岭外》诗：“海对羊城关，山连象郡高。”五羊的传说有：战国南海人高固当楚国宰相，有五羊衔着谷穗，出现于楚庭，因而在州厅上绘了五羊图；又传说，古时有五个仙人乘五色羊执六穗秬ｊu来到广州。广州别称五羊、穗垣均本此。 HJ三握手：指两位哲人１９２６年于羊城相识，１９４５年于渝州重逢，１９４９年于北京会见。 HK陵夷谷换：陵夷：衰落。《史记·高祖功臣侯者年表序》：“始未尝不欲固其根本，而枝叶稍棱夷衰微也。”《汉书·成帝纪》鸿嘉二年诏：“帝王之道，日以陵夷。”谷换：从“陵谷”演化而来。《诗·小雅·十月之交》：“高岸为谷，深谷为陵。”《汉书》三六《楚元王传》附刘向上封事：“海水沸出，陵谷易处。”后亦用喻世事的变化。陵夷谷换句，是诗人喻指国家的命运将从衰落走向复兴之路。 HL珠江：又名粤江。在广东省境。上游有西江、北江、东江，三江汇合后称珠江，以广州附近江中有海珠石而得名。珠江汇聚广东、广西及云南、贵州南部诸水至虎门注入南海。 HM巴县：县名。属四川省重庆市。古为周巴子国都城。秦汉为巴郡地。三国蜀改为巴县。北周武成三年改为巴城县。宋复称巴县。 HN延水鏖兵：延水：源出安塞县西北芦关岭，流经今陕西延安市城东，过延长县入黄河。鏖兵：谓竭力苦战、多杀。如“合短兵鏖皋ｇaｏ兰下”。见《汉书》。〔按：皋兰：山名，在甘肃兰州市。汉武帝元狩二年前１２１骠骑将军霍去病出陇西转战六日，过焉支山千有余里，合短兵，鏖皋兰下。即此。〕延水鏖兵句，喻指１９４７年３月“延安保卫战”——人民解放军战史上以少胜多，以智取胜的着名战役之一。激战七昼夜，战斗空前激烈、残酷，伤亡众多。故诗人谓之“吾有泪”是也。 HO燕都定鼎：是谓新中国将定都北京。燕都：北京在历史上为五朝古都，辽、金、元、明、清都曾于此建都。辽置南京析津府，会同元年９３８升为南京，开泰元年１０１２号燕京。金代海陵王贞元元年１１５３定都，改燕京为中都大兴府。元世祖忽必烈以辽燕京为中都，至元四年１２６７建新都，九年１２７２改称大都，始为元朝首都。定鼎：传说，夏禹铸九鼎以象九州，历商至周都作为传国重器，置于国都。后因称定都或建立王朝为定鼎。 HP三千载：指自西周于公元前十一世纪中叶前１０６６年武王伐纣灭商建立封建社会制度，至１９４９年新中国成立，推翻半封建、半殖民地社会制度，历史刚好过去三千另十五年。 HQ君：在此作敬称，兼指毛泽东将为新中国国家元首之意，即为“合天下而君之”。 RS说项依刘：说项：项，即项斯８０２？—８４７？字子迁。唐台州临海今浙江省临海县人。早年隐居杭州径山朝阳峰，后入幕州郡，曾为国子祭酒，为杨敬之所赏识。杨敬之赠诗曰：“平生不解藏人善，到处逢人说项斯。”意指常讲人家好话。依刘：王粲１７７—２１７字仲宣。三国魏山阴高平人。博学多识，文思敏捷。为建安七子之一。于汉献帝初避地到荆州去投靠刘表，登楼思念家乡，颇不得志。后归曹操，任丞相掾，累官至侍中。 RI五鹿：据郭沫若考证，柳亚子先生把典故用错了。夺席谈经的故事，不是出于前汉的五鹿〔按：汉有少府官名，为九卿之一五鹿充宗〕，而是后汉的戴凭，东汉汝南平舆人，字次仲。光武帝时任侍中。建中二年正旦，百官朝贺，帝令群臣说经互难，义有不通，即夺其席，以予通者，戴凭才学渊博，坐五十余席，压倒了很多人。时有“解经不穷戴侍中”之评语。 RJ冯驩：战国时齐国人，在孟尝君门下作客。孟尝君接待门客分上中下三等。上等的有车子坐；中等有鱼吃；下等的吃粗粮。冯驩先吃粗粮，他弹剑说：长剑回去吧，吃的没有鱼！后来有鱼吃了，他又弹着剑说：长剑回去吧，出外没有车。 RK南征：指中国人民解放军渡江南下。 RL分湖：柳亚子先生的家住在吴江的分湖。 RM子陵滩：即严子陵钓台。 RN昌言：善言、正言。 RO〔ｙaｎｇ养〕士：门客。 RP醴洒黄：即醴黄酒，是谓饮之可令人清醒、振奋的甘醇美酒，或曰可医治某种病症的药酒。 RQ陈亮１１４３—１１９４：字同父。宋婺州永康今浙江永康县人。 孝宗隆兴中，上《中兴五论》。光宗立，又四次上疏，均力主恢复中原。 光宗淳熙四年１１７７策进士，擢第一，未官而卒。亮主张“义利双行，王霸并用”。故虽与朱熹友善，而持论常左。亮才气超越，好言兵，议论风生。着有《龙川文集》。 VS陆游１１２５—１２１０：字务观，号放翁。宋越州山阴今属浙江绍兴市人。南宋爱国诗人。 VI杜陵７１２—７７０：名甫，字子美。因曾居长安城南的少陵以西，故自称少陵野老，世称杜少陵。 VJ李白７０１—７６２：字太白，号青莲居士。Great poet of the Tang Dynasty. VK离骚：为屈原楚辞篇名。司马迁《史记·屈原列传》：“屈平故忧愁幽思而作离骚。离骚者，犹离忧也。屈平之作离骚盖自怨生也。国风好色而不淫，小雅怨谤而不乱。若离骚者，可谓兼之矣。” 《离骚》是屈原自述生平及志向的长篇叙事诗，是屈原的代表作。 VL屈子