Chapter 41 Chapter Eight Modern and Ancient Tea Poems II-1
Wing Cha
Jianshui ① is cold and cold, and the tea people ② have been thriving ③.
Germination ④ first community rain ⑤, harvesting with spring ice.
Grind fine incense dust ⑥, cook new jade milk and condense ⑦.
When you are bored, take a sip, and Ning Xian ⑨ wine is like a sip ⑩.
[Ding Wei] 962-1033 words called it, later changed to Gongyan.Changzhou is a native of Wu County, Jiangsu Province.Shao is as famous as Sun He, called Sun Ding.Song Chunhua three years 992 Jinshi.Served as Fujian Caosi.During the reign of Zhenzong, Kou Zhun was the prime minister, who was called to participate in politics, and Zhun was excluded and replaced.Renzong was demoted to Yazhou.Since he was named Jin Gong, he is also called Ding Jin Gong.
[Note] ① Jianshui: Jianxi.It originated from Xianxia Ridge, Pucheng County, Fujian Province, and is called Nanpu River.It flows southwest to Jian'ou County as Jianxi.It is clear and cold, which means that the stream water in early spring is clear and cold.
② Tea people: Refers to the tea people in Jian'an County in Song Dynasty.According to Song Zhao Ruli's "Beiyuan Bielu", from the period of Taipingxingguo 976-984 in the Northern Song Dynasty, forty-six imperial tea gardens were built in Fenghuangling Beiyuan, Jian'an County, with a radius of more than 30 miles.Jianxi is in the south of Fenghuangling, which is for external baking.
③ Su Xing: It is like the interest of the past.It means that the tea folks are just like in previous years, and it is time to pick spring tea happily again.
④The two sentences of germination and picking: it is the time to talk about picking spring tea. "Beiyuan Bielu": "Everything starts to sprout on the Waking of Insects Festival. Baking starts three days before every year. When it meets a leap month, it will be later, because the climate is less late."
Also "Jian'an County Chronicles": "Waiting for the stinging of insects, all things begin to sprout, and Cao Si often bakes three days before." "When it meets leap, it will be two days later."
⑤sheyu: that is, spring rain.Sheyu, seasonal name. "Zheng Zi Tong": "After the beginning of spring, Wuwu is the Spring Society. The Spring Society was originally a sacrifice for the imperial court to pray for agriculture in spring, and it has gradually become a folk custom. It is often used to drink wine to pray for a good harvest." Wang Jia's "Sheri Poems": "Sang Zheying's Xiechun society is scattered, and every family returns home intoxicated."
⑥ Fragrance and dust: The tea drunk in ancient times is different from the loose tea drunk in modern times.In the Song Dynasty, dragon balls and phoenix cakes were advocating research paste tea, and their craftsmanship was extremely fine.When the tea is ground into a very fine powder before drinking, the tea crumbs fly up and emit bursts of fragrance.
⑦ Jade Milk Coagulation: Due to the extremely fine tea making and grinding process in the Song Dynasty, "the color of tea is expensive and white", so after the tea is ordered, the milky tea soup appears on the bowl.There is a sentence in Su Dongpo's "Tea Ci" that "the soup is splashed with snow and white, and the money is floating and the milk is light and round".
⑧ When you are bored: It is one of the times when you choose to drink tea.Ming Xu Cishu's "Tea Shu · Drinking Time"
There is a saying: "The mind and hands are at ease, the wearer is tired, and the mood is chaotic." In Tang Dynasty Wei Yingwu's "Tea in the Happy Garden" has the sentence "to drink and cleanse the dust".Drinking tea when you are restless can make you clear your heart, refresh your mind, and get rid of your troubles.
9 Ning Xian: Do not envy.It means that you don't have to envy the fine wine brewed in Mianshui.
⑩Wine is like Mian: Mian, read the sound of "shengsheng" here, not the sound of Mian〔mian〕 in Mianchi.Mian is Mianshui.It originates outside the ancient city of Qi in the northwest of Linzi County, Shandong Province, and is also known as Han Qin (zhen) water.
The northwest flows through the southeast of Boxing County into Shishui. "Zuo Zhuan" refers to this water in the thirteenth year of Zhao Dynasty, "there is wine like Mian".
Engaged in tea fighting song with Zhang Min
Spring comes from the southeast every year, and the Jianxi ① spring is warm and the ice is slightly open.
The strange tea by the stream is the most popular in the world, and it was planted by Wuyi immortals since ancient times.
Where did the new thunder come from last night? Every family laughed and went through the clouds.
The dew buds are scattered and prosperous, and the jade and pearls are scattered and scattered. Jiashu ④.
At the end of the dynasty, the harvest was not full, and the only thing to do was to seek the essence and dare not be greedy.
Grinding paste ⑥ baked milk has an elegant system, Fang Zhongguixi Yuanzhong Toad ⑦.
Beiyuan ⑧ will be dedicated to the emperor, and the heroes in the forest will fight for beauty ⑨.
The tripod grinds the first mountain copper outside the cloud ⑩, and the bottle carries the cold water HI in the middle of the river.
The green dust flies by the golden mill HJ, and the purple jade Ou HK's heart snows up.
The aftertaste of fighting is light sour HL, and the aftertaste of fighting is Bolanzhi HM.
Among them, Pindi Hu can bully, with ten eyes and ten fingers.
Victory is unattainable if ascending to immortality, and losing will be infinitely shameful.
Yu Hetian produced Shi Shangying, and his merits are worthy of the top-ranking HP.
I can clear up the turbidity of everyone, and wake up from the drunkenness of a thousand days.
Qu Yuan tried to summon the soul, but Liu Ling heard the thunder.
Lu Tong dared not to sing, but Lu Yu had to write scriptures.
Amid all the chaos, how do you know that there is no tea star RL.
RM Xiuruzhi, the father-in-law of Shangshan, and RN Xiucaiwei, Mr. Shouyang.
The price of Changan RO wine has been reduced by tens of millions, and the Chengdu drug market has no glory.
It's better for an immortal to take a sip, and Ling Ran wants to ride the wind.
Jun Moxian, the girl among the flowers only fights the RP, and wins the pearls and returns.
[Fan Zhongyan] 989-1052 words in Greek.Wu County in Suzhou belongs to Jiangsu people today.A politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.Dazhong Xiangfu Jinshi.From the official to the deputy envoy of the Privy Council, and the deputy prime minister of political affairs.He has been an upright and honest official all his life, and he is famous for his frugal life and noble morals.
[Title Explanation]: Xiwen and his official Zhang Min were engaged in tea fighting and composed this well-known "Tea Fighting Song".It occupies a place in the ancient tea culture garden.Tea fighting began in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty.Initially, it was only used as a method to evaluate the quality of tea.For example, in Bai Juyi's "Night Wen Jia Changzhou Cui Huzhou Tea Mountain Environment Will Want to Envy and Feast Because of Sending This Poem": "Purple bamboo shoots are all new." The purple bamboo shoots in the mountains compete for novelty.In the Song Dynasty, "tea fighting" became a common form of activity in the life of tea culture.Generally, there are three levels:
The first is to taste and evaluate the newly made tea in folk tea mountains or imperial roasters; An elegant way of tea drinking in leisurely tea drinking.Compete for water, tea, poetry and tea cooking skills in the tea fight.This tea fighting song is about the latter.It is quite representative in the tea drinking activities of literati in the Song Dynasty.Some famous tea ceremony masters and spring masters in the Song Dynasty, such as Su Shi, Lu You, Huang Tingjian, Mei Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu, Cai Xiang, etc., have anecdotes of tea fighting spread in the world.For example, Jiang Xiufu in the Song Dynasty "Jiayou Magazine": "Su Caiweng Su Shi tasted a tea fight with Cai Junmoxiang. Cai tea uses Huishan spring, Su tea is inferior, and bamboo drain water is used to fry Tiantai mountain bamboo drain water, and then he can win." Dou. Tea, also known as "Dou Ming".Song Luyou's "Jiannan Poetry Draft" fifth "Morning Rain": "Green bean and cloudy clouds open for tea, and emerald poppies and jade liquids are taken from cold springs."
[Note] ① Jianxi: The name of tea.Produced in Jian’an, Jian’an County, Fujian today, Heyuan Mountain is adjacent to Fenghuang Mountain Beiyuan Royal Tea Garden in the north, and because the mountain is adjacent to Jianxikou, it is also known as Jianxi Tea and Heyuan Tea.Jianxi tea and Beiyuan tribute tea, which was "famous all over the world" in the Song Dynasty, are both top-quality teas in the world.At that time, tea fighters mostly used Beiyuan tribute tea for tasting competitions. Because the name "tribute tea" was taboo, Jianxi tea was often used as a pronoun.
②Wuyi Immortal: Wuyi refers to Wuyi Mountain, which is 15 kilometers south of today’s Chong’an County, Fujian Province; according to legend, the tea from Fenghuang Mountain and Heyuan Mountain are tea trees planted by Wuyi Immortals since ancient times, and they are extraordinary.
③Xin Leiqi Six Sentences: It describes the scene of folk tea farmers happily going up to the mountain to pick tea after the Waking of Insects.According to the records of "Dongxi Tea Test Record": "Jianxi tea is the earliest than other counties. Beiyuan and Heyuan are especially early. If the age is warm, the buds will appear after ten days of waking up; The smell of the early buds is not good, but the one that has passed the waking of stings is the most important. Folks often regard the waking of stings as a waiting."
④ Jiashu: refers to the tea tree.Lu Yu said in "The Book of Tea: The Source of One": "The tea maker is also the Jiamu in the south. One foot, two feet or even tens of feet."
⑤襜〔chan〕: That is, an apron. "Poetry·Xiaoya·Picking Green": "Plucking blue at the end of the dynasty will never be full." Sunset has not yet picked up an apron.
⑥ The second sentence of the paste: it is about the scene of making the paste tea.The paste tea used for fighting tea mentioned in the poem is shaped like a full moon, with a square hole like a gui in it, which is very exquisite and precious.
7 Toad: the moon. "Toad" was originally a toad, that is, a toad. Because there was a toad in the moon in ancient mythology, toad became a synonym for the moon.
⑧Beiyuan: Refers to Beiyuan Royal Baking.Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty built imperial roasting in the North Garden of Fenghuang Mountain, 15 kilometers east of Jian'an County, Jian'an County, Fujian Province, and sent officials to supervise the production of tribute tea for the court.In the Song Dynasty, Zhao Ruli recorded in detail the production of tribute tea in Beiyuan in "Beiyuan Bielu".At most, the year-old tribute is divided into three grades and twelve categories, with a total of more than 48,000 pieces.After each tea is prepared, a commissioner must be sent to Kaifeng, the capital city, day and night.
⑨Doumei: This refers to the fact that every year when new tribute tea varieties are produced by the tea farms of the imperial bakery, officials who supervise the production of tribute tea and private tea masters will first taste and evaluate them in the imperial bakery, and rank them first.
⑩ Ding and Shoushan Copper: Ding, which is an ancient Ding-shaped tea stove.Originally designed and manufactured for Lu Yu, this stove is exquisite in design, with three legs, two ears, and three ventilation holes, and is cast with profound images and inscriptions. It is a must-have tea utensil for tea drinkers.Shoushan Copper: It is the allusion that the author quoted from "Historical Records: The Chronicle of Emperor Xiaowu".Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor Caishou Mountain cast a bronze tripod in the south of today's Xiangcheng County, Henan Province, and ascended to heaven after the tripod was completed.This tripod was later obtained by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.There is a cloud dragon cover on it.The poet quoted this allusion as a metaphor that the bronze tripods used for tea fighting are as precious as the ancient tripods.
HI Zhongling water: The poet said that the water used for tea fighting is Zhongling spring, which is located in the west of Jinshan Mountain in Zhenjiang and is known as the best spring in the world.
HJ gold mill: tea mill.Ancient tea mills were mostly made of copper and iron, and gold mills are said to be extremely exquisite and precious.
HK Ziyu Ou: refers to the black and purple tea bowl produced by Jian Kiln in Song Dynasty.In the Song Dynasty, from the emperor to the ministers, they all liked to use the black and purple rabbit hair Tianmu tea bowl produced by Jian Kiln.Song Huizong tasted and said: "The green lamp is the most precious, and the rabbit hair is the most important." Su Shi said in the poem "Send Nanping Qianshi": "The Taoist came out of Nanping Mountain at dawn to try out the tea samadhi. Make the spring urn goose wine." This shows that Su Shi also used the rabbit hair cup when he fought tea with the Nanping Taoist.Jian Kiln black tea cups are world famous for their exquisite shape and dignified glaze.
HL Daigo [tihu]: fine wine.
HM Lanzhi: two kinds of vanilla, bluegrass and angelica.
HN Ten Eyes and Ten Fingers: The word "Ten Eyes" indicates that when the poet fights tea with Zhang Min, there are three specially invited judges for tea tasting. It is only now that "Ten Eyes" is said; "Ten Fingers" means that each party The hands of the tea fighters are performing tea cooking operations.
HO "Victory is like climbing an immortal" starts with four sentences: it is the merits and demerits of those who talk about tea fighting.Victory is like climbing a fairy, it is not easy; defeat is like surrendering, shame is hard to bear; but when it comes to the merits of the winner, it is just like a weed before the steps, with a little joy of the winner in my heart.
HP 蓂〔ming〕: It is the 蓂 of the 蓂 pod.It is the name of Seicao in ancient legends.
HQ Everyone started three sentences: The poet here quotes from Qu Yuan's "Fisherman": "The whole world is turbid, but I am alone; everyone is drunk, but I am sober."
RS Qu Yuan about 340 BC - about 278 BC: Mingping, styled Yuan; also called himself Mingzheng, styled Lingjun.A native of Chu in the Warring States Period, he had the same surname as the King of Chu.The hometown is said to be Zigui County, Hubei Province today.The first great poet in the history of our country. The founder of "Chu Ci" literature.At the beginning, he assisted King Huai, and served as a Zuo disciple and a doctor of Sanlu.Later, he was slandered and exiled.After Qin Bing broke through Ying City, the capital of Chu State, on May 5th of that year, he threw himself into the Miluo River in sorrow and anger.
RI Liu Ling: A native of Jinpei.The word Bo Lun.He was friendly with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, and was called the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove.
Indulge in wine, take a deer cart, bring a pot of wine, and make people accompany you with a lotus, saying: "I will bury me when I die." Taste "Ode to Wine Virtue".Claiming: "Wine is the only thing to do, how can I know the rest." He became a general of Jianwu in Shijin.
RJ Lutong: The biography is omitted.
RK Lu Yu: The biography is omitted.
RL Tea Star: Refers to Lu Yu.The poet has scientifically predicted that Lu Yu will become a famous "tea star" for thousands of years.
RM Shangshan Zhangren: Shangshan, in the east of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province, also known as Shangding and Gaosaka.The Zhangren of Shangshan seem to refer to the Sihao of Shangshan: in the early Han Dynasty, there were four hermits in Shangshan, named Dongyuangong, Qiliji, Xiahuanggong, and Mr. Lu [lu]li.All four of them have white beards and eyebrows, so they are called Sihao.
Mr. RN Shouyang: Shouyang, the name of the mountain.In the south of Yongji County, Shanxi Province.That is Leishou Mountain, also known as Shoushan.Mr. Shouyang is an allusion referring to Boyi and Shuqi.According to "Historical Records Biography of Boyi" and "Ancient History Research" of Shu Qiaozhou in the Three Kingdoms, etc., it is recorded that Boyi and Shuqi were the two sons of Lord Guzhu in the late Shang Dynasty.
The father wanted to establish Shuqi, and his father died, and Shuqi let Boyi.Boyi said: "Father's order." Then he fled.Shuqi also refused to stand, and fled until King Wu defeated the contract. Boyi and Shuqi hid themselves in Shouyang Mountain, plucking weeds and eating them.A woman in the field said, "Ziyi doesn't eat Zhou's millet, which is also Zhou's vegetation." So the two brothers starved to death on Shouyang Mountain.
RO Chang'an, Chengdu two sentences: It means that because of the popularity of tea drinking, the price of wine in Chang'an has skyrocketed; and because people drink tea and improve their health, the pharmacies in Chengdu seem very desolate and desolate, and the busy scene of the past has disappeared. up.
RP Doucao: In ancient folklore, on the Duanyang Festival on the fifth day of May, women had a play of fighting grass, which was called "Doubaicao" by Tang people.See Liang Zonghuai's "Jingchu Sui Shi Ji" in the Southern Dynasty.Si Kongtu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in "The Poetry of Lantern Flowers": "In the Ming Dynasty, there were many grass fights, and the flowers were cut so that the lantern flowers would sweep away their eyebrows." , is also unique charm and style.
Master Book of Xuancheng Zhang ① Yi Ya Camellia ②
Looking at the poems of the Tang Dynasty in the past, it is good to chant crows and mountains with tea.
Crows are born with tea seeds, so they are named crows on the same mountain.
Focus on the first gun flag ④, and pick it through the clouds.
Although Jiangnan is rich in tea, there is no such tea anywhere.
Delicate as a sparrow tongue ⑤, fried than exposed buds.
Competitive collection of green jellyfish ⑥ roasting, do not re-roll the wine yarn ⑦.
Gu Zhu ⑧ is also quite close, and Meng Ding 9 came to Ya.
Shuangjing ⑩ Eagle Claw HI, Jianxi HJ Spring Peeling Flower.
Rizhu HK Jingxiangmei, Tianmu HL is still rice and hemp.
The Wu people and the Yue people are both fighting and boasting.
It is said that buying is expensive, gold and silk, love is greedy and has no barbarians.
The joys and sorrows are inconsistent, and the fineness and coarseness are poor.
The most precious are not precious, so don't say anything for gift.
How troublesome the county bureaucrats, suddenly forgetting my family.
Double sand poppy stored in snow, poem cut without jade flaws HN.
Text search is strange, but it is difficult to hold a long snake.
Pearls are all over the paper, and leftover animals are not a luxury.
Play with HO for a long time, and see flowers for a long time.
Taste the tea to eliminate the meat HP, it should also be able to break the HQ.
Sip and feel clear, sigh again and again.
Sighing is not enough, and reciting is not enough.
I am really strong now, don't laugh at me.
[Mei Yaochen] 1002-1060 word Sheng Yu.Xuancheng is now an Anhui people.
Poets of the Northern Song Dynasty.Xuancheng was named Wanling in ancient times, and it was called Meiwanling in ancient times.When he was young, he should not be ranked as a Jinshi. When he was middle-aged, he was summoned by Renzong for an examination.From the official to the Shangshu, the official wailang.The poem is as famous as Su Shunqin, and is known as "Su Mei" in the world.
[Title Explanation] This poem is a tea-chanting poem written by the author in order to reward his hometown——Master Zhang of Xuancheng County for donating Yashan tea and poems.At that time, the poet was probably in a foreign land, and suddenly he saw Jiaming in his hometown, Yashan Jiaming, and Zhang Zhubo presenting poems, roasting tea and drinking tea, appreciating the text and chanting. Sing the hymn of Yashan tea.
[Commentary] In his 44-sentence, 220-character poem, the poet used more than half of the space to praise the exquisiteness of his hometown, Xuancheng Yashan Tea.
At the beginning, the origin of the name of Yashan tea is pointed out with the help of poems sung by Tang people about Yashan tea.Followed by Bixing method to praise the elegant quality of Yashan tea, and its rhyme is crowned with fragrance - it is the first spear flag in the clouds, as tender as a sparrow's tongue, better than dew buds; Guzhu purple bamboo shoots, Mengding stone flowers, Jianxi "ice and snow" Su Dongpo has a poem praising Jianxi tea as "ice and snow have a good heart". Shuangjing herbal tea, Tianmu Yunwu, Rizhu Xuebu and other rare teas from Jiangnan and Xichuan seem to be incomparable to the Yashan tea from Mei Wanling's hometown.
Literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties often praised the tea fragrance in their hometown in their poems.For example, when Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, traveled abroad, he often took the Rizhu snow buds produced by Kuaiji Mountain, and searched for sweet springs everywhere to fry and taste. When it was better than the treasures of home tea, he wrote in his poem: "It can be crushed with red sac and white snow buds." However, Mei Wanling praised Yashan tea in his tea poems. , can be called the first in ancient and modern times.
[Note] ① Master Zhang: Experience unknown.The master book, the subordinate official of the county magistrate, is in charge of documents and records, is in charge of seals, is the head of officials, and participates in political affairs.
② Yashan tea: also known as Yashan tea.Yashan tea has a long history in Xuancheng, Anhui. It was recorded in Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" in Tang Dynasty.King Xiangjin of the Ming Dynasty said in Qunfangpu: "Yashan Mountain in Xuancheng County is lit by the sun, and its name is Yangpo.
③ Poetry of the Tang Dynasty: In the poem "Tasting Tea in the Gorge" by Zheng Gu of the Tang Dynasty, there is a sentence "Wu Monk praises Yashan for its beauty".It is a language of exaggeration, because some people praised the beauty of the camellia tea, so there is Zheng Gu's "many praise".
④ Gun flag: The name of the tea, which is also the name of the fine tea buds.There is a poem by Lu Guimeng of the Tang Dynasty saying: "The wine flag is out of the wind (qi, meaning tilted and not straight), and the tea gun is picked from the dew." Note: "The tea calyx that has not been unfolded is called the spear, and the one that has been unfolded is called the flag."
⑤Brass tongue and dew buds: It is said that Yashan tea is refined and tender.
⑥Qingyao: soft green cattail grass.The Song Dynasty advocated grinding cream tea. When making tea, first wash the fresh leaf buds, grind them into a paste, make a cake shape, wrap it with green bean, put it in the tea roaster, and slowly dry it with a slow fire to cultivate the tea fragrance.This is what is said in the poem "Qingyao Baking".
⑦Rolling wine yarn: This refers to the water filter sac and the green oil sac.The water filter bag is the water filter used in ancient sencha.
8 Gu Zhu: That is, Gu Zhu purple bamboo shoots.
⑨Mengding: Tea name, there are Mengding stone flowers in ancient times, and now there are Mengding Ganlu and Mengding Huangya.
10 Shuangjing: Refers to Shuangjing tea produced in Xiushui, Jiangxi.Ouyang Xiu, a litterateur in the Northern Song Dynasty, said in "Return to Field Records": "Grass tea in Shuangjing is the first." Su Dongpo once wrote a poem "Huang Luzhi thanked Shuangjing tea with poems for the second rhyme", praising the tea as: "Jiangxia Wushuang is a wonderful tea. "
HI Eagle Claws: Catch, pick and pick here, it means that the curved Shuangjing tea means that the shape of the finished tea is also easy to pick and process; in addition, the word "Eagle Claw" also refers to a famous tea produced in Shuzhou.
HJ Jianxi: Refers to the Jianxi tea produced in Jian’an (now Jian’ou County, Fujian).It is named because the tea area is adjacent to Jianxikou.Because Jian'an was called Heyuan in ancient times, Jianxi tea is also called Heyuan tea.Because ordinary literati avoid Beiyuan tribute tea in their poems, they often use Jianxi and Heyuan tea as pronouns.
HK Rizhu: Rizhu Snow Buds.
HL Tianmu: Tianmu camellia.According to "Lin'an County Chronicles", "Old Chronicles of Wanli: Clouds and mists come out of the Tianmu, and all townships produce, but the Tianmu is the best."
HM Wu people and Yue people: refer to the people of Wuxing County in Huzhou and the people of Shaoxing in Yuezhou respectively.Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Huyue and Yuezhou have been the two major tea-producing areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
There are seven sentences in HN's poem, which is cut without jade and flaws: it is the poet's praise for the poem presented by Zhang Zhushu.His literary sentiment is like "pearls are all over the paper" and "poetry has no flaws in jade".Due to repeated chanting, playing and admiring, I couldn't bear to release the scroll, so that my fingers were numb and my eyes were dizzy.
HO 手生血〔zhi〕: It means the skin on the hand that has been rubbed and hardened by labor.
HPMing Xiaorou: The poet quotes the allusions of the Tang people on the matter of tea here.According to "Taiping Guangji" 412 "Xiashi Tea", Li Deyu, who was the prime minister during the reign of Emperor Wenzong of Tang Dynasty or Wuzong Huichang, was sending a guest who was going to serve as the governor of Shuzhou, Lujiang County, Anhui Province one day. It is said: "When you arrive in that county, Tianzhu Peak is Tianzhu Mountain. One is called Wanshan, also known as Qianshan. In Qianshan County, Anhui Province, it was a tea-producing area in Tang Dynasty. The name of the measuring device of the capacity." The man gave it tens of catties, and Li was not allowed to return it.Next year, the county will be dismissed, with the intention of refining the number of corners.cast it.Deyu read it and accepted it.Said: "This tea can eliminate alcohol and food poison." He ordered to cook a cup, put it in the meat, and close it with silver.When he opened his eyes, his flesh had turned into water.The public is also knowledgeable.
HQ mass in the abdomen [jia]: disease name.The so-called abdominal mass tumor. "Historical Records" 105 "Cang Gong Zhuan":
"Qi Lieutenant Pan Manhe was sick with lower abdomen pain, and the minister tried to diagnose his pulse and said: "It is also a leftover mass. "
Shuangjing tea
Xijiang ①The water is clear and the stones are old, and the tea grown on the stone is like chicken feet②.
Poor La not cold spring early, Shuangjing sprouts first herbs.
White hair follicles are made of red and green yarn ③, and one or two buds are raised in ten catties of tea.
Chang'an is rich and honored by the five princes' family ④, one sip should be praised for three days.
Baoyun ⑤ and Rizhu ⑥ are not incomprehensible, striving for the new and abandoning the old world.
Unexpectedly, a gentleman has constant virtue, and the treasure does not change at any time.
Don't you see Jianxi ⑦ Dragon and Phoenix Group ⑧, the old fragrance and color will not be changed.
[Ouyang Xiu] From 1007 to 1072, he was named Yongshu, and he called himself a drunkard and a layman on Liuyi.Jishui is a native of Jishui County, Jiangxi Province.A writer and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty.It was listed as one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" in the old days.Tiansheng Jinshi, Zengguan Privy Deputy Envoy, Political Governor.His posthumous title is Wenzhong.Because he supported Fan Zhongyan's political innovation movement, he was excluded by the conservative faction, and because he disagreed with Wang Anshi's political views, he resigned and retired.He has achieved high achievements in prose poetry creation, historical biography compilation, and poetry commentary. "Book of Remonstrance with Gao Si", "Party Theory", "The Story of the Drunken Man's Pavilion", "Fu of Autumn Sound" and so on are his representative works.There is "Ouyang Wenzhong Collection" handed down.
[Title Explanation] Shuangjing tea was produced in Fenning County, Hongzhou, Song Dynasty, and is now called Shuangjing in the west of Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province.In ancient times, local natives drew water from double wells to make tea, and the tea tasted fresher and mellower than other places.Since the Song Dynasty, it has gradually become famous.The poet's "Return to the Field Record" says: "Grass tea flourishes in the two Zhejiang provinces, and the products of the two Zhejiang provinces are the first in daily injection casting. Since Jingyou Song Renzong's reign, 1034-1038, Hongzhou Shuangjing Baiya has gradually flourished. Nearly The production is especially exquisite at the age of 18, and the quality is far above the Japanese injection casting, so it is the first herbal tea."
[Commentary] Ouyang Xiu, who is proficient in tea ceremony, is a great master of tea in the Northern Song Dynasty, like Fan Zhongyan, Mei Yaochen, Cai Xiang, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, etc.For example, the poet said in the poem "Tasting the New Tea and Presenting the Holy Yu Ciyun Again": "In my old age, the taste is not good, and the only thing I like is to drink tea."
"I never get tired of cooking with my own hands. I think the joy is really boundless." Mei Yaochen commented on his appreciation of tea in his poems: "Ouyang Hanlin is the most recognizable, and there is no difference between high and low grades."
This "Shuangjing Tea" is also the work of the poet in his later years when he resigned from office and lived in seclusion.Use tea to describe people and express emotions.He made a subtle allegory about the warmth and coldness of the world and the changeability of the world.It clarifies that a gentleman should encourage himself with integrity.Even if it is like the "Jianxi" good tea that has been forgotten by the world who "strive for the new and abandon the old", its fragrance still exists, and its true color is not changed, and it still does not change its lifelong ambition.A tea poem, in addition to giving people some tea knowledge, also discusses the philosophy of life and life, and inspires people.
[Note] ①Xijiang: Refers to Xiushui.It originates from Mufu Mountain in Hunan and enters Jiangxi. It flows through Xiushui County and enters Poyang Lake from west to east under the name of water, so it is called Xijiang Water.
②Phoenix claws: Shuangjing tea buds are slender.
③ Two sentences of red green yarn and one or two buds: Shuangjing tea is beautifully packaged and of precious quality.The author's "Return to Field Records" records: In ancient times, Shuangjing herbal tea was "pretty finely made, wrapped in red gauze, no more than one or two liang, and raised with a dozen catties of regular tea to ward off heat and dampness."
④The House of the Five Marquises: It comes from Han Hong's "Cold Food" in the Tang Dynasty: "Flowers are flying everywhere in the spring city, and the east wind in the cold food is against the willows. Candles are passed from the Han Palace at dusk, and the light smoke is scattered into the Wuhou's house." Wuhou: When Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, he was named uncle king Tan, Wang Shang, Wang Li, Wang Gen, and Wang Feng were all marquises, and people at that time called them the five marquises.
⑤ Baoyun: Baoyun tea.According to the "Xianchun Lin'an Chronicles" of the Southern Song Dynasty: "Qiantang is now a tea produced in Baoyun Temple, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, named Baoyun Tea."
⑥Daily Note: Today’s Rizhu Xueya, referred to as Rizhu Tea.
⑦ Jianxi: Jianxi tea.
⑧ Dragon and Phoenix Tuan: Refers to the Song Dynasty tribute tea dragon group and phoenix cake.According to Song Zhao Ruli's "Beiyuan Bielu":
In Song Taizong's Taiping Xingguo period (976-984), at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain, 30 miles east of Jian'an, Song Caixiang tried tea, rabbit hair, Ziouxin ①, crab eyes ② and boiled in clear spring.
The frozen snow ③ makes flowers, and the clouds ④ do not hang down.
May the waves in Erchi ⑤ go to make rain on earth.
[Junxiang] 1012-1067, the word Junmo.Song Xianyou is a native of Xianyou County, Fujian Province.In the eighth year of Tiansheng, he became a Jinshi in 1030.In the third year of Qingli, 1043, Zhijiaoyuan.Taste to know Fuzhou, Quanzhou and Hangzhou, Fuzhou Caosi, official tired to Duanmingdian Bachelor.Cai Xiang was proficient in tea ceremony and was one of the great masters of tea tasting in the Northern Song Dynasty.His works such as "Tea Record" and "Litchi Book" have been handed down from generation to generation.
[Title Explanation] "Testing Tea" is one of the author's "Ten Songs of Beiyuan".According to Song Zhao Ruli's "Beiyuan Bielu": "Thirty miles to the east of Jian'an, there is a mountain called Fenghuang, which is directly connected to Beiyuan. It is connected with various bakers, Jue soil is red soil, and Jue tea is on the top. Taiping Xingguo 976- In the middle of 984, it was imperial bakery at the beginning, and it was modeled after a dragon and a phoenix at the age of 18. Those in Beiyuan are the only ones in the world, and they cannot be obtained by the world."
"Ten Songs of Beiyuan" was written by the author during the Qingli period of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty when he served as the supervisor of Beiyuan tribute tea in Fujian Caosi.
〔Note〕①Tuhao: That is, the black and purple glazed tea cup produced by Jian Kiln.Zi Ou Xin: The poet said that it is very satisfying to taste the top-quality tribute tea just baked with the new purple rabbit hair cup.
②Crab eye: It is an ancient method of cooking tea and soup.The poet said in his "Tea Records":
"Waiting for the soup is the most difficult. If it is not ripe, the foam will float, and if it is overripe, the tea will sink. What was called crab eyes in the previous life is also overripe soup.
It is hard to tell if it is boiled in a sinking bottle, so it is said that waiting for soup is the most difficult. "
③Snow and jelly: Song Shi likes to drink tea with cream paste, the color of brown is expensive and white. "Snow jelly" refers to the tea milk floating on the surface of the bowl of freshly cooked tea, also known as camellia, which is as white as frozen snow.
④ Yunxian: Because the paste tea is very fine powder, after cooking in boiling soup, the camellia condenses like white clouds, floating on the surface of the bowl without sinking.The so-called "not hanging down" is also true.
⑤ Waves in the pool and rain in the world: It is a sentence to express feelings.Perhaps when tasting tea, the poet thought that there are very few people in the world who can taste the best tribute tea, and how many people might not even be able to drink rough tea?Therefore, the poet silently wishes: This clear spring for tea testing will be transformed into fresh and sweet tea soup, like jade dew and rain, so as to nourish the hearts of those who are eager to drink in the world.The two lines of poems written by the imperial court officials are the preciousness of "Testing Tea".That is the so-called popular nature of ancient literature.
1.Second Rhyme Cao Fu Jiheyuan ①Try roasting new shoots
Xianshan Lingcao ② travels in the cloud and wets, washes and washs the fragrant muscle powder evenly.
The bright moon comes to cast Yuchuanzi ③, and the breeze blows through the martial arts ④ Spring.
You must know that Bingxue ⑤ has a good heart, not a new face of ointment.
Jun Mo Xiao, who wrote a small poem, has always been like a beautiful woman⑥.
[Su Shi] From 1037 to 1101, he was named Zizhan, with the word He Zhong, and he was named Dongpo Jushi.Meishan is now a Sichuanese.A writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.Jiayou Jinshi.Zeng Guandian Zhongcheng, Zhihang, Mi, Xuzhou and other positions.His life was bumpy and he was hit repeatedly, but he was broad-minded and made great achievements during his demoted magistrate.He has made great achievements in prose, poetry, calligraphy and painting.Together with his father Xun and younger brother Zhe, they are called "Three Sus".They belong to the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".Su Shi was proficient in tea ceremony and wrote many well-known poems about tea, including some good lines, which have become eternal masterpieces and stand out among the gardens of tea culture.
[Title Explanation] At that time, Cao Fu was the transshipment envoy of Fujian, also known as Cao Si, in charge of tea affairs. He presented Su Shi with the best buds roasted from the source of Jiaming, and attached a poem.
This poem was written in the spring of 1090, the fifth year of Song Zhezong Yuanyou.
〔Note〕①The source of the valley: the name of an ancient place.In the Song Dynasty, it belonged to Jian'an County, Jianzhou, and is now in Jian'ou County, Fujian Province, adjacent to Jianxikou.At that time, the North Garden of Fenghuang Mountain in Jian'an County was the royal tea garden. "Beiyuan Bielu" is said to be:
Heyuan Mountain is in the south of Fenghuang Mountain, and the tea produced there is Waibaogang. "Testing Tea in Dongxi" praised: "The taste of tea produced in Heyuan is the best among all roasted teas." And the "new buds tested for roasting" are naturally the treasures of Heyuan tea.
②Lingcao, fragrant muscle sentence: Lingcao: It is also the name of tea in Song Dynasty, produced in Tanzhou.See "Tea Price" contained in "Song Huiyao Compilation Supplement" Volume 5782 "Tea Price". In this poem, Mr. Dongpo uses romantic brushstrokes to endow Heyuan tea with a fairy-like aura.Day and night, wearing clouds, mist and rays of light, bathing in jade dew and sweet rain, won the love of heaven and earth, and cultivated incomparable fragrance and charm.
③ Yuchuanzi: Lu Tong, a Tang poet, called himself Yuchuanzi.Mingyue, Qingfeng sentence: It is an allusion to the "seven bowls" in Lu Tong's "Xie Mengjianyi Sending New Tea".Mr. Dongpo said that after he drank a few bowls of Heyuan tea, he, like Lu Tong, drifted into a fairy under the moonlight.Flying over the top of the Wulin, the breeze driven by the body blows down the spring flowers of the Wulin.
④ Wulin: Lingyin Mountain in Hangzhou.Originally named Hulin Mountain, it was renamed Wulin Mountain to avoid the taboo name of Li Yuan's grandfather Li Hu.
⑤ Bingxue, ointment sentence: The poet said that the Heyuan tea presented by Cao Gong is not only delicious in color, but also more expensive in it, with a kind heart like "Bingxue".
⑥ Good tea is like a beautiful woman sentence: In the concluding sentence, the poet wrote the famous sentence "good tea is like a beautiful woman" in a humorous and romantic style, which has been talked about by generations of scholars and tea lovers.It seems to be written in a letter, but it is actually devoted to the poet's special love for tea. Once it is chanted, it will become a swan song through the ages.
2.Huishan ① Pay homage to Taoist Qian, cook small dragon balls, climb to the top, and look at Taihu Lake
Walking all over the mountains on the south bank of the Yangtze River, it is inevitable to linger even more when you meet the mountains.
Alone with the small moon in the sky ②, come to try the second spring in the world ③.
The stone road lingers back to the Jiulong Ridge④, and the water shines on the five lakes and the sky⑤.
Sun Deng ⑥ went back in vain without a word, and the sound of pines in half a mountain was heard in myriad valleys.
[Title Explanation] This poem was composed approximately from November 1073, the sixth year of Song Shenzong Xining to May 1074, the seventh year.The poet was the general judge of Hangzhou at that time.During Su Shi's tenure as a local official, he often communicated with monks and Taoists. This poem is a work of expressing his feelings when the poet visited Taoist Qian in Huishan Temple, tasted tea at the spring, and looked at Taihu Lake from the top.
[Note] ① Huishan: in the western suburbs of Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province.One of the famous mountains in the south of the Yangtze River.It was called Huashan, Lishan, and Xishenshan in ancient times, and it was called Huishan or Huishan after Tang Dynasty.At the east foot is the ancient Huishan Temple.Taoist Qian: The Taoist of Huishan Temple, the younger brother of An Dao.The poet has a poem "to Xiuzhou to give money to Andao and to his younger brother Huishan Lao".
②Xiaotuanyue: It refers to Xiaolongtuan tea.Xu Ranming of the Ming Dynasty said in "Tea Shu": "The ancients made tea, and they still made dragon and phoenix cakes, mixed with fragrant medicines."Long Tuan Feng Cake is a kind of cream tea, made of sparrow ice buds, very rare and precious.It was made at the end of Tang Dynasty and prevailed in Song Dynasty, and it was a tribute to the royal family.According to Song Ouyang Xiu's "Return to the Field Records" records: "The big one weighs eight cakes per catty, and the small one weighs twenty cakes per catty." From this we can see that Xiaolong Tuan is the best tea.
③The second spring: Huishan Spring, also known as Luzi Spring.It was rated as "the second spring in the world" by Lu Yu and Liu Bochu.This spring was once a tribute to the court in Zonghui Song Dynasty.Su Shi's romantic poem "Take the small moon in the sky alone to try the second spring in the world" has always been praised by people as the eternal swan song of tea singing.
④ Kowloon: Huishan has nine peaks, winding like a dragon, also known as Jiulong Mountain.Lu Yu's "Huishan Temple Records" can be found in the "Quan Tang Wen" saying: "There are nine dragons on the mountain, like the dragon's crouching."
⑤ Five Lakes: Taihu Lake. Annotation of "Historical Records Hequ Shu" collection: Wei Zhao said: "Five lakes, the name of the lake is Er, and it is actually one lake, which is also Taihu Lake today." Traveling 500 miles a week, so use five ⑥Sun Deng: During the Three Kingdoms period, a hermit from the state of Wei once lived in seclusion in Jijun Mountain. He is good at Yixianqin. Judging from Dongpo's poems, it seems that Sun Deng once visited Huishan in the past, and returned without saying a poem. .
3.Yuan Han Shaoqing favored one piece of Gulianshui ① and two pieces of Longtuan. He still used the new poems as his excuse, sighing endlessly, and the second rhyme was harmonious
The rock hangs down and the horses practice thousands of silk falling ②, and the thunder rises and double dragons ③ all things spring.
This mountain ④ this water is the first, and there are three people ⑤ Jianzhong people.
[Title Explanation] After the poet was relegated to Huangzhou (now Huanggang City, Hubei Province), when the term of Deputy Envoy of Tuanlian expired, he was summoned to Beijing in 1084, the seventh year of Emperor Shenzong of Song Dynasty, and passed through Lushan Mountain. A poem is attached, and the poet's step rhyme is harmonious.Kuang [kuang condition]: Bestow.In the preface to the title, the poet said that there is no thanks for the gifts of friends, but only new poems.
〔Note〕①Gulian Water: that is, Lushan Kangwang Valley Water Curtain Water, which was appraised by Lu Yu as "the most famous spring in the world".
② Rock hanging sentence: It refers to the water potential of Gulian spring. "Fang Xing Ji" records: "Gulian Spring is like a curtain, and the people who cloth rocks go down have more than 30 veins." And "Sang Ji" records: Shuilian Spring, also known as Sandie Spring, "comes from the broken and scattered under Dayue Mountain. , Misty and dense, like rain and fog, sprayed on the second-grade large rocks, converging into a torrent, pouring into Longtan, and rumbling thousands of people's drums."
③Thundering Double Dragons: The poet turned the feeling when he visited the Sandie Spring in Longtan into Longtan and Longshouya at the end into a poem.Longshou Cliff is hundreds of meters away from the side gate of Datianchi in Lushan Mountain.The dragon head and dragon body are two huge stones.One is upright, bottomless, and the other is lying on it, straight into the mountainside of Tianchi.Overlying the strong pine, facing the Juegu below, it looks like a dragon with its head raised, with a majestic image.Standing on the cliff, you can hear the surging pine waves and the loud noise of mountain springs hitting rocks, the sound is like galloping horses, and the sound of drums and horns.This is exactly the same as when Sandiequan bet on Longtan, "thundering thousands of people's drums also" formed the trend of "thundering double dragons".
④ This mountain: that is Lushan Mountain, also known as Kuangshan or Kuanglu.In the south of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province.According to legend, in the Zhou Dynasty, there were seven brothers of the Kuang family who went up to the mountain to practice Taoism and made grass for their homes, hence the name.
⑤ Three people: Li Bai's "drinking alone under the moon": "raise your arms to invite the bright moon, and you will form three people." The "three people" in Su Shi's poems are derived from Li Bai's poems, but they have a unique artistic conception and taste.The poet personifies the famous mountains and springs in the world, and forms the "three people" with the poet himself.Jian: Mirror also.The artistic conception of Jianzhongren is: when the poet visited Lushan Mountain and lingered by a certain pool, the reflections of waterfalls, flying springs and emerald peaks were reflected on the calm water surface, and the poet's figure was naturally reflected in the water mirror at the same time. middle.It can be said that scenery is formed from nature, and poetry is transformed from scenery.The "three people in Jianzhong" are completely different from the lonely scene of "three people" in Li Bai's "drinking alone among the flowers"; Su Shi uses Qixiu Kuanglu and Gulian Zhenquan to describe himself, expressing the poet's broad-minded mind.
4.Huang Luzhi thanked Shuangjing tea with poems
Jiangxia ① has a unique kind of tea, and Ruyin Liuyi boasts a new book ②.
Grinding into ③ dare not pay the boy servant, see for yourself ④ Snow soup produces pearls.
The Confucianism of Lie Xian ⑤ is barren but not full, only sick and thirsty are the same as ⑥.
Next year ⑦ I want to go to the southeast, why not stay in Taihu Lake on a boat.
Original note: "Return to Field Records": "Grass tea is the first in Shuangjing. The painting boat stays in Taihu Lake, and the story of Gu Zhu's tribute tea."
[Title Explanation] Huang Luzhi, named Tingjian, styled Luzhi, nicknamed Valley, was born in Fenning, Hongzhou, which is now Xiushui County, Jiangxi.Poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty.Although he came from the Su family, he is also known as Su Shi in literature.Su Huang has a thick friendship.This poem was written in 1087, the second year of Song Zhezong Yuanyou, when Huang Tingjian was also in Bianjing.
[Note] ①Jiangxia: It does not refer to present-day Wuchang City or other places called Jiangxia in ancient times.It's Huang's hometown—now Xiushui, Jiangxi.因其在地域上临近江夏武昌地区，而双井草茶又是这一地区的名茶，故称其江夏奇茗。
②汝阴六一：汝阴，即宋汝州今河南省临汝县。北宋文学家欧阳修晚年退居汝阴，自号醉翁、六一居士。新书：指欧阳修着《归田录》。
③磨成句：宋代以前，无论散茶、饼茶、研膏茶，都必须先经茶碾碾成细末，过茶罗后，方可烹饮。因友人所赠双井茶十分珍贵，唯恐童仆煎茶技术不佳，所以亲自煎茶。
④自看句：诗人精通茶道，尤擅烹点技法，掌握火候。其所作《煎茶歌》云：“蟹眼已过鱼眼生，飕飕欲作松风声。”在水二沸时应适时投茶，才能煎成如诗中所云的茶香四溢的雪乳珠玑。
⑤列仙句：是诗人自嘲之言。一生坎坷，且更清贫，身无重任，有如飘泊江湖的散仙。
⑥相如：此指西汉辞赋家司马相如。传其有消渴之疾。诗人是说只有病渴嗜茶如同司马相如一样。
⑦明年二句：点明时政背景和诗人拟请外任。苏轼被贬谪黄州团练副使，因神宗帝驾崩，才奉召回京，任翰林学士兼侍读。因不满主持国政的司马光对王安石变法全盘否定的主张，复受攻击，又难于立足京城。诗中的“我欲东南去”就是诗人欲出知杭州。
5.chant words
已过几番风雨，前夜一声雷①，旗枪②争战，建溪③春色占先魁。采取枝头雀舌④，带露和烟捣碎⑤，结就紫云堆⑥。轻动黄金碾⑦，飞起绿尘埃⑧。老龙团⑨、真凤髓，点将来，兔毫盏⑩里，霎时滋味舌头回。唤醒青州从事HI，战退睡魔百万，梦不到阳台HJ。
两腋清风起HL，我欲上蓬莱。
〔笺注〕①一声雷：言采茶时令从惊蛰起始。宋赵汝砺《北苑别录》记载：
北苑御焙采茶，“方其春虫震蛰，千夫雷动，一时之盛，诚为伟观。”
②旗枪：当春茶刚萌发一叶，其形似旗；茶芽稍长，其形如枪，故称为旗枪，亦为茶名。
③建溪：源出福建浦城县北仙霞岭，南流至建阳县境始称建溪。建溪春色句，泛指宋代建安今福建建瓯县茶区，尤以建安北苑御焙所产之贡茶为茶中极品。
④雀舌：茶名。沈括《梦溪笔谈》：“茶芽，古人称之雀舌，言其至嫩也。”
⑤捣碎：宋代制作之研膏茶，鲜叶经拣、洗、蒸、榨工序之后，进入捣研工序。如贡品研茶工序要求极严，以柯为杵，以瓦为盆，分团酌水，进行研捣多次，每研干再置水重研，周而复始。如胜雪白茶，要求研十六水，身强力壮研工。方能日研三团。
⑥紫云堆：以鲜嫩紫色茶芽研好之茶膏。
⑦黄金碾：茶碾。宋蔡襄在《茶录》里说：“茶碾以银或铁为之。”
黄金碾，为铜碾，或言其碾之精美。
⑧尘埃：指碾茶时飞起茶之屑末。
⑨龙团、凤髓：茶名，指茶中之上品。宋代贡茶有“龙团胜雪”、“龙凤英华”及大龙团、小龙团、大凤饼、小凤饼等名贵茶品。
⑩兔毫盏：黑色茶盏。为宋代建窑所造。蔡襄在《茶录》里说：
“茶色白，宜黑盏。建安所造者绀黑，纹如兔毫，最为要用。”
HI青州从事：谓好酒也。《世说术解》：桓温有主簿，善别酒，有酒辄令先尝，好者谓青州从事，恶者谓平原督邮。青州有齐郡，平原有鬲县，从事言到脐，平原言鬲上住。”此句与“战退睡魔”句，是言茶有提神醒脑之功效。
HJ阳台：语出宋玉《高唐赋》：“朝为行云，暮为行雨。朝朝暮暮，阳台之下。”
HK两腋、蓬莱句：语出唐卢仝《谢孟谏议寄新茶》。其诗句有云：
“碧云引风吹不断，白花浮光凝碗面。一碗喉吻润，二碗破孤闷七碗吃不得也。唯觉两腋习习清风生蓬莱山，在何处？玉川子乘此清风欲归去。”
6.tea word
龙焙①今年绝品，谷帘②自古珍泉。
雪芽双井③散神仙，苗裔④来从北苑。
汤泼雪腴⑤酽白，钱浮花乳轻圆⑥。
人间谁敢争妍，斗取⑦红窗粉面。
〔笺注〕①龙焙：茶名。宋时建州北苑御茶园制造的贡茶其中有名曰：“龙焙贡新水芽”、“龙焙试新水芽”，均为十二水经研磨十二次、十宿火经文火烘焙十昼夜，乃茶中之绝品见于宋赵汝厉《北苑别录》。
②谷帘：指庐山康王谷水帘水。唐陆羽品评其为“天下第一名泉”。
③雪芽双井：即双井白芽，草茶中之珍品。产于宋洪州分宁今江西省修水县城西双井。古时当土人汲取双井之水造茶，茶味鲜醇，胜于他处。从宋代起双井所产之茶，即颇有名气。
④苗裔：谓双井茶所以为茶中佳品，它的茶苗或茶籽乃是来自建安北苑。
⑤雪腴：言茶之色白、肥美也。
⑥花乳轻圆：白色沫饽在茶盏里飘浮聚散变化时所呈现之景象，有如朵朵白花，又似片片银圆，令人赏心悦目。
⑦争妍、斗取：作者是宋代精通茶道的大师，又以谷帘珍泉煎烹龙焙绝品，这自然是人间已无人敢与之再争高下了。
7.Ji Jiang Sencha
活水①还须活火②烹，自临钓石③取深清。
大瓢贮月④归深瓮，小勺分江⑤入夜瓶。
雪乳⑥已翻煎脚处，松风⑦忽作泻时声。
枯肠未易禁三碗⑧，坐听荒城⑨长短更。
〔题解〕此诗作于宋哲宗元符三年１１００，苏轼被流放儋州今海南省儋县期间。《汲江煎茶》在东坡先生的诸篇茶诗中，也许是他留给后世的最后一首茶诗了。次年宋徽宗即位，他虽被赦还，但饱经忧患，已风烛残年的东坡先生，当年即卒于常州，时年六十五岁。
〔笺注〕①活水：有源有流之水，谓之活水。胡仔《苕溪丛话》云：“茶非活水，则不能发其鲜馥。”
②活火：猛火，不同于缓火、文火。火性炽烈，水乃易沸。唐人有“煎茶缓火炙烤茶饼活火烹”之说。诗人在《试院煎茶》诗有云：“贵从活火发新泉。”
③钓石：指诗人平日之钓鱼台。为汲取纯净江水煎茶，老态龙钟的东坡先生，身披月光，手操汲水容器，不顾石滑水险，亲自登临钓石之上，汲取深而清洁的江水。
④贮月：月何以能贮？这是诗人奇妙的联想·是写明月映在江水里，以大瓢从江中舀水时，仿佛把浮在水面上的月光连水一起舀进春瓮之中，贮存起来。
⑤分江：浩浩江水，竟然亦可分？从江中一勺一勺汲水入瓶，就是分取江水的一部分。分江之句，更含妙理。
⑥雪乳：谓茶在煎烹时所浮起的一层胜似雪乳般的鲜馥沫饽，古人又称其为茶花，茶之精华所在。煎脚：指茶脚。
⑦松风：是指煎茶以釜或瓶宋时已改用铜瓶煮水时发出的声音，并以其来辨别水沸的程度。宋代晚期烹茶，有如今日冲泡茶方法，是将末茶先放在盏里，俟水沸后提瓶离火，稍落滚，随即冲茶。宋人有诗云：“松风桂雨到来初，急引铜瓶离竹炉，待得声闻俱寂后，一瓯春雪胜醍醐。”
⑧三碗：唐卢仝茶歌有“三碗搜枯肠”之句。诗人是说，他在流放中，生活十分清苦，虽一生嗜茶，但枯肠辘辘，亦不敢多饮。
⑨荒城句：临近垂暮之年的东坡先生一生坎坷，在更深人静时，面对孤灯，独自饮茶之时，耳中不时传来荒城里敲击梆子报更时的凄楚之声。表达了作者悲凉的心境。
Preface to the Two Poems of Remembering Dreams
十二月二十五日，大雪始晴。梦人以雪水烹团茶，使美人歌以饮。余梦中为作回文诗，觉而记其一句云：“乱点余花吐碧衫。”意用飞燕①故事也，乃续之为二绝句云：
酡颜②玉醉③捧纤纤④，乱点余花吐碧彩⑤。
歌咽⑥水云凝静院，梦惊松雪落空岩⑦。
松花⑧落尽酒倾缸，日上山融雪涨江。
红焙⑨浅瓯⑩新水活HI，龙团HJ小碾HK斗晴窗HL。
〔苏辙〕１０３９—１１１２字子由。因晚年居颍川，自号颍滨遗老。眉山今属四川人。北宋散文家。仁宗嘉佑进士。曾官尚书右丞、门下侍郎。政治态度及其诗文风格皆受其兄苏轼影响。与其父洵、兄轼并称“三苏”；旧时同属“唐宋八大家”之一。
〔题解〕回文诗词字句，回旋往返，都能成义可诵谓之回文。南朝梁刘勰说回文为道原所创，已失传。以南朝宋苏伯玉妻《盘中诗》为最古。该诗书于盘中，正返读皆成文理。
〔笺评〕这两首《记梦回文》诗，是颍川遗老咏茶酒诗中构思巧妙、别开生面的佳作。真是正读词情委婉，妙趣横生；返读意境新奇，韵味无穷。第一首咏酒，反读末字是：
梦、歌、乱、酡；第二首咏茶尤妙，末韵押龙、红、日、松也。
〔笺注〕①飞燕：即赵飞燕前？—前１，汉成帝宫人，成阳侯赵临之女。
初学歌舞，以体轻号曰飞燕。先为婕妤，许后废，立为后，与其妹昭仪专宠十余年。哀帝立，尊为皇太后。平帝即位，废为庶人，自杀。
②酡颜：醉客。白居易《长庆集》二十《与诸客空腹饮》诗：“促滕才飞白，酡颜已渥丹。”刘禹锡《刘梦得集》二《百舌吟》诗：“酡颜侠少停歌听，堕珥妖姬和睡闻。”
③玉碎：非指“宁为玉碎”之本意；此指因侍酒小姬亦被劝醉，失手打碎了酒器——玉杯。
④纤纤：女子柔美的手。《文选古诗十九首》之二：“娥娥红粉妆，纤纤出素手。”
⑤乱点句：谓醉酒呕吐溅玷碧衫之情状。
⑥歌咽句：因宾主咸醉，侍女亦停下了婉啭的歌喉，刚才那劝酒猜拳，歌笑喧闹的场面，霎时变得水停云凝，夜阑院静，万籁俱寂了。
⑦梦惊句：是言醉客在梦境中被所见大雪压断松枝而迭落岩谷的情景惊醒。
⑧松花：用松花酿的酒。唐岑参《岑嘉州诗》六《井陉双溪李道士所居》：“五粒松花酒，双溪道士家。”
⑨红焙：以文火焙制刚采摘的鲜茶嫩叶，或谓正在点燃的煎茶风炉。
⑩浅瓯：底小、上大、口浅的盏。
HI水活：返读即为活水。
HJ龙团：泛指宋代所盛行的龙团、凤饼等珍品研膏茶。
HK小碾：小巧而精美的茶碾。
HL斗晴窗：是谓高流隐逸，在凉台静室、窗明几净的幽雅环境中品茗吟诗论茶道的情景。
1.sip tea
围坐团栾①且勿哗，饭余共举此瓯茶②。
粗知道义死无憾③，已迫耄④期