Chapter 38 Chapter Seven Modern and Ancient Tea Poems 1-2

1.Drinking tea with Lu Chu Shiyu on the 9th Jiuri Mountain Monastery ①, Dongli Chrysanthemum is also yellow ②. Ordinary people drink too much, who will help the tea fragrance ③. [Jiaoran] Around 720-800, the character Qingri Yizuori, with a common surname Xie, was born in Huzhou Great Wall, now Changxing County, Zhejiang.The tenth grandson of Xie Lingyun, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty.A famous poet monk in the Tang Dynasty.Believed in Buddhism in his early years.In the later period, Tianbao was ordained and became a monk at Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou.Daizong Dali used to live in Miaoxi Temple in Wucheng, Huzhou.Jiaoran is proficient in Buddhist scriptures, and has extensive knowledge of classics and history. His articles are clear and beautiful, and he is especially good at poetry.

[Explanation] Nine days: that is, the Double Ninth Festival on September 9.Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been customs of climbing high to write poems, planting dogwood or drinking together on the Double Ninth Festival.In Du Fu's "Nine Days of Drinking in Lantian", there is a line "Xing Lai today will make you happy".When Lu Yu lived in seclusion in Wuxing Tiaoxi Jiehu in Wuxing Tiaoxi in 760 at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he and Jiaoran became "friends of Zi Su Wangnian".This poem was written during the period when Lu Yu lived in seclusion in Miaoxi Temple.

Jiaoran drank tea with Lu Yu, admired chrysanthemums, and wrote poems with Lu Yu on the Double Ninth Festival, creating a new trend of replacing wine with tea and changing customs. [Note] ① Monastery: Miaoxi Temple in Zhushan, Wucheng County, Huzhou.At that time, Jiaoran was practicing in Miaoxi Temple. Lu Yu and Master Lingche also lived in Miaoxi Temple. ② Dongli: This sentence has puns.Literally, it means that the golden chrysanthemums in the flower garden under the east wall of the temple have already bloomed, but in reality, Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty "picked chrysanthemums under the east fence" when he lived in seclusion in Jiujiang Jielu in the past, and friends brought him wine. , the allusion that the poet drank heavily on the spot and returned home drunk.

③ Zhucha: Zhu character, used as a function word or pronoun in ancient Chinese. "Belve tea" does not refer to a certain kind of tea, but generally refers to tea. 2.Singing and drinking tea, mocking Cui Shijun ① The Yue people ② left me tea from Shanxi ③, and picked golden buds and Cuan Jinding ④. The snow-colored, puffy fragrance of plain porcelain ⑤, how is it like the qiongrui syrup of the immortals. After a drink, you will feel drowsy, and the feeling will be bright and refreshing. Drink again to clear my mind, suddenly like flying rain sprinkle light dust ⑥. Drink three times and you will get the Tao⑦, why bother to break the troubles.

This thing is pure and noble, and the world doesn't know it. People in the world often deceive themselves when they drink alcohol. Qiu looked at Bi Zhuoweng at night ⑧, and smiled at Tao Qian under the fence ⑨. Cui Houchu was full of thoughts, and sang an astonishing song. Who knows that the tea ceremony is true ⑩, only Danqiu is so HI. [Title Explanation] This tea song in ancient style with five or seven characters is an impromptu composition by Jiaoran and his friend Cui Jieshi when they tasted Yuezhou tea together.Although the word "cry" is used in the title, it has a slight sense of ridicule, but it is a humorous statement.Its intention is to advocate the replacement of wine with tea and explore the artistic realm of tea drinking.In his tea poems, Jiaoran explored the distinctive artistic style of drinking tea, which exerted a subtle and positive influence on the creation and development of Chinese tea literature in the middle and late Tang Dynasty—tea chanting poems.This poem was written around 785 in the early Yuan Dynasty by Emperor Dezong.

[Note] ① Cui Shi: The year of birth and death and the village are unknown.Around the beginning of Tang Dezong's Zhenyuan period, he served as the governor of Huzhou. At that time, Jiaoran lived in Miaoxi Temple in Wucheng, Huzhou.Shijun: It is the honorific title for the local governor. ②Yue people: People from Yuezhou, present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.Known as Kuaiji in ancient times, it was the capital of the ancient Yue Kingdom. ③Shan River: It is the upper reaches of Cao'e River.There are two sources: one is from Tiantai County and the other is from Wuyi County.Huiyuan, a prince of the Jin Dynasty, visited Dai Kui at night, so it is also named Daixi.It has been the production area of ​​green tea since ancient times.

④ Cuan Jinding: Cuan [cuan], here it is used as a verb to ignite the solution.Jinding: A tripod-shaped sencha stove made of metal.The whole sentence means to light the stove to cook tea. ⑤ Plain porcelain: It is a white porcelain tea bowl produced by Xing Kiln in Tang Dynasty.The fragrant green tea soup in the white porcelain bowl adds to the fun of tea tasting. ⑥Four sentences start with one drink: it is to talk about the pharmacological effects of tea and to explore the artistic realm of drinking tea.Drinking once and drinking again means that drinking tea has the effect of washing away troubles and worries, and refreshing the mind.In front of the author, there is a vast world where the body and mind are like morning rain, the spirit is bright, and the sky is full of colorful clouds.

⑦ Obtaining the Tao: In the language of Buddhism, it is a compound word of "obtaining". "Get" means that the monks earnestly and painstakingly cultivated to obtain or achieve a certain idea, merit or career of Buddhism.On the contrary, it is "non-deserving".As for reaching the Nirvana state beyond the "six paths of reincarnation", for many Sakyamuni disciples, it is also elusive. ⑧ Bi Zhuo: Zi Maoshi, a native of Xincai County, Jinyang, Henan Province.From 318 to 321 during the Daxing period of Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the official was the Minister of the Ministry of Libu, and he often made mistakes due to drinking.Even at night, he went to the neighbor's urn to steal new wine, and was bound by the drinker. Tomorrow, he will be regarded as the official department.So it was the laughing stock of the ages.

⑨Tao Qian: Due to lack of ambition, he built a hut at the foot of Lushan Mountain in Jiujiang.He once wrote twenty poems on drinking.Fifthly, there is a famous line "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and seeing Nanshan leisurely".According to legend, he was admiring the chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, when someone brought wine to him, the poet drank heavily on the spot, and returned after drunk, so he got this beautiful line. ⑩ Tea ceremony: The theory of "Quanzhen tea ceremony" put forward in Jiaoran's poems has rich connotations, including the tea banquet mode and the artistic realm of literati and refined scholars gathering to drink tea, light food, appreciating flowers, playing with the moon, composing the piano, and reciting poems. explore.

HI Danqiu: place name.45 kilometers south of Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province today, it is a branch of Tiantai and a tea-producing area.The story of Danqiuzi, a Han immortal recorded in Lu Yu's "The Classic of Tea", also comes out here. 3.Gu Zhuxing sent Pei Fangzhou I have Yunquan ① adjacent to Zhushan ②, and the tea in the mountain is quite related ③. Shrike flies to the sun and the grass dies ④, and the Shan family gradually wants to collect tea. When the cockroaches are singing, the grass is growing, and the mountain monks are picking tea again. The origin is used to mining without near and far, the Yinling is long and the Yangya is shallow.

The lower leaves of Dahan Mountain are not yet born, and the lower leaves of Xiaohan Mountain are the first volume of the second mountain name. Wu Wan carries a cage with Cuiwei ⑥ and spring clothes with fragrant thorns ⑦. The lost mountain is suddenly covered with fallen flowers, and when the water is crossed, the birds fly in fright. Not far from home, take the dew to pick ⑧, and when you return, the dew color is still dripping. At first glance, the bullying Yuying ⑨ was taken out, and the Jianlaisheng Jinye ⑩ was taken. The west wind and rain passed last night, how about looking for new tea in the morning? The female palace is dewy and green shoots are old HI, and the people of Yaoshi are sparse and purple bamboo shoots are mostly HJ. Who can know purple bamboo shoots and green shoots? Qingling real person treats Ziyuan HL, how can I think about storing this fragrance. [Title Explanation] Gu Zhu Xing is a tea poem in song style, the author talks about his experience of Gu Zhu Shan.Pei Fangzhou's experience is unknown. 〔Note〕① Yunquan: refers to the Jinsha Spring located in Changcheng County, Huzhou, Tangzhou, which is now Pecking Muling, Changxing County, Zhejiang.This spring, also known as Guzhu Spring, borders the tea area of ​​Yixing, Changzhou, Tang Dynasty, which is now Junshan Township, Tanggong Mountain, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province.Guzhushan Gongba uses this spring water every year to make tea.Jiaoran is the main place of Junshan, so it says "I have Yunquan". ②Zhushan: Guzhushan.In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Changcheng County, Huzhou, and was located on the west bank of Taihu Lake, adjacent to Yixing Tanggong Mountain in the west.It is rich in Guzhu purple bamboo shoot tea and Xingyangxian tea in Tang Dynasty, both of which are treasures of tribute tea. ③Tea incident in the mountains: The author seems to point out that he is related to Gu Zhu's tribute repair. ④ Shrike: Also known as Borau, it is a songbird bird.When it chirps in autumn, it's time for the farmers to harvest tea. ⑤鶗鴂: [tijue]: Rhododendron also.When the cuckoo sings, it is time to pick spring tea. ⑥Wu Wan: In the Tang Dynasty, Huzhou and Wuxing County were called together, and Wu Wan refers to the Wuxing girl who picked tribute tea. ⑦thorns [juan]: thorns mean thorns, and thorns mean hanging.This sentence means that when girls are picking tea in the mountains, their clothes are often torn by thorns.Talk about the hard work of picking tea. ⑧ Picking with dew: During the Tang and Song Dynasties, tea picking, especially tribute tea, required picking tea with dew before sunrise in the morning.It is believed that when tea is picked after sunrise, the fresh leaves are thinned by yang, which affects the quality and aroma of tea. ⑨Yuying: From "The Songs of Chu Nine Chapters Shejiang": "Climb to Kunlun, eat Yuying." Hong Xingzu's supplementary note: "Yuying, jade has the color of beauty and beauty." 10 Gold Liquid: It is still jade liquid.Yuye: "Songs of the Chu·Nine Thoughts·Diseases": "Suck the jade liquid and quench your thirst." Because Guzhu purple bamboo shoots are made from tender purple tea buds, the tea soup is golden yellow, so it is called "golden liquid". HI female palace sentence: It is said that after the tea pickers pick the first round of new tea buds that just germinated in spring, the branches left are slightly smaller; for the "axillary buds" that are born in the second round, it means that the tea buds that are not grown on the main shoot are not picked in time. And become old leaves.This is a realistic pen written by the poet after careful observation in Chashan. HJ Yaoshi: It refers to Xiaoshi and also refers to the market in the peaceful and prosperous age.It means that there are no purple tea buds on the tea mountain, but they are all baked into purple bamboo shoots and sold in the morning market. HK purple bamboo shoots grow too long: When picking tribute tea, tea workers are required to go to the mountain to pick tea in the early morning, and some have not picked a full basket by night, even experienced tea workers, it is difficult to distinguish in the twilight Which one is "green shoots" and which one is "purple bamboo shoots", I often picked a lot of "green shoots" after hard work, and I was reprimanded and sighed when I was serving tea. HL Qing Leng, Zi Yuan Sentence: The poet quotes the allusions from "Xian Zhuan", referring to Pei Fangzhou with Qingling real person, and himself with Zhi Zi Yuan. HM Concluding Sentence: I want to express the feelings of missing my friends.The author is eagerly looking forward to the reunion time with Pei Jun's Fangzhou to taste Gu Zhu's precious tea, chat and compose poems. 4.To Lu Xun drink tea from Tianmu Mountain ①Yin Jiyuan Jushi Sheng② Happy to see ③ Yourenhui, the first wild guest tea. Richeng ④ Dongjing leaves, exposed buds from Beishan. Slow fire ⑤ has a better fragrance, while cold spring ⑥ tastes better. Throwing clangs to make foam, gathering flowers in bowls. A little closer to the Zen scriptures, let's talk about sleeping on the net on credit. Zhijun is in the Tianmu, and the meaning of this day is endless ⑧. [Title Explanation] Jiaoran tasted Tianmu camellia tea together with Lu Xun and others, so the tea was a gift from the hermit Yuan Sheng, so he wrote an impromptu poem to express his gratitude.Lu Xun's experience is unknown. [Notes] ①Tianmu Mountain: For details, please refer to the third chapter of this book, "Tea Saint Lu Yushang" - "At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he built a hut on the shore of Tiaoxi River". ②Yuan Sheng: A native of Luoyang, Henan.A hermit in the middle Tang Dynasty. ③Happy to see two sentences: It refers to the scene where the poet and Lu Xun and others gathered in a quiet environment and by the side of a mountain spring to cook, drink and write poems in spring.Youren and Yeke: generally refer to famous monks and hermits who drink tea and gather in the mountains. ④ Richeng two sentences: both refer to the specific environment in which Tianmu camellia grows and the picking time.Lu Cai: Refers to tea buds that contain dew picked before sunrise in the morning.The ancients believed that tea-picking "can't see the sun, if it invades the morning, the night dew will not be thin, and the tea buds will be plump; if the sun is seen, the yang energy will be thin, making the tea buds plump and internally consumed, and the water will not be bright." Zhao Ruli's "Beiyuan Tea Records". ⑤Slow fire: Refers to the process of roasting tea in the process of tea making.In the Tang Dynasty, tea cakes were made. After the shape was finalized, holes were pierced in the middle with a cone knife, and bamboo and wooden poles were used to string them together.There is a saying that "roasting tea with a slow fire will cultivate the fragrance of tea". ⑥Cold Spring: Refers to tea made with clear and sweet spring water. ⑦Zen Sutra: Buddhist language.It is a combination of "Zen" and "Jing".Zen means "quiet contemplation", "thinking and repairing", "forest of virtue", etc.; sutra generally refers to Buddhist classics. The two sentences of "Zen Sutra" and "Sleeping Net" mean that Buddha and tea have an indissoluble bond.When monks are chanting sutras, they often drink tea to refresh their minds and eliminate drowsiness. ⑧ Two sentences of Zhijun: Because Yuan Sheng sent tea, the poet learned that he was in Tianmu Mountain.It is said in the poem that he misses his old friends all the time, and he sighs that there is no time to meet each other. Tea Shan ①Yu ②Gongtong Yuansu ③, the picture is in Anren. The queen ④ lost his foundation, and the officials ⑤ dared not report. There are also traitors ⑥, because they want to apply. Moving a thousand pieces of gold will make people impoverished every day⑦. When I come to Gu Zhuyuan, I have to have a relationship with tea. The gangster dropped out of farming and mulberry industry 9, and the harvesting was hard work. A husband serves as a servant, and all the rooms are the same. Touching the Ge Shangbi ⑩, the unkempt head enters the barren hazel. In the end, the dynasty is not full, and the hands and feet are scaly. Sorrows are all over the empty mountains, and the vegetation is not spring. The Yinling buds have not spit out, and the messenger has frequently HI. The heart strives for good fortune, walks to stand up to the elk HJ. Choose Nawu day and night, make noise in the morning and then faint. All the workers are so dry, looking down, it hurts the gods. Emperor HK is still on tour, and there are many roads in the eastern suburbs. Zhou Hui circles the horizon, offering more than hard work. In order to destroy the soldiers and eliminate the poverty, we should pay more attention to solidify the tired people. Unknown for Yuyu, who will share this precious HL? Gu Xingbang guards HM, but he is ashamed to follow the same path. In the boundless sea, why should Dan express his anger? [Yuan Gao] 728? - 787 words of praise.Cangzhou Dongguang is now a native of Dongguang County, Hebei Province.Become a Jinshi.During Daizong Dali, he served as magistrate of Danyang County, and observed judge in western Zhejiang.From 773 to 774 in the eighth and ninth years of the Dali calendar, he went to Huzhou to sing together with Yan Zhenqing, Jiaoran, etc., and compiled 10 volumes of "Wu Xing Ji".From the second year of Jianzhong Dezong to the first year of Zhenyuan from 781 to 785, he served as the observation envoy of Gyeonggi and the governor of Huzhou. [Title Explanation] According to the "Tang Cishi Kao" cited "Zhejiang Jinshi Zhi" volume: "Tang Yuan Gao Inscription": "The Tang Huzhou governor Yuan Gao ordered to repair tea, paid tribute, and wrote "Chashan Poetry" at the highest hall of Mount T , Xingyuan Jiazi three springs and ten days." Xingyuan Jiazi improvised the first year of the first year.This poem was composed on March 10th in the spring of 784. [Commentary] Yuan Gao's poem "Tea Mountain" is unique. In the poem, you can't smell the fragrance of purple bamboo shoots and tea, you can't see the rich banquet, and you can't hear the singing of drums and music; It seems that the Wanmin Biao was written with the blood and tears of the majority of tea farmers. It directly stated the disadvantages of the tribute tea in this dynasty, and gave a strong whip to those treacherous people who wanted to win by repairing tea. During the more than 200 years of the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Gao was the first person who dared to criticize the tribute tea system outright among the successive governors of Huzhou.In the era when "the Son of Heaven has never tasted tea in the sun, and all herbs dared not sprout first", and the tribute tea system was regarded as a matter of course and a golden rule, Yuan Gao dared to write the poem "Tea Mountain", and when the tea tribute was completed, he engraved the poem on the stele, Standing in Guzhu Tea Mountain, it reflects his extraordinary bearing. The historical site where Yuan Gao wrote poems and carved stones in Chashan was discovered in Baiyang Mountain, Jinshan Village, Guzhu Mountain, Changxing County.The inscriptions on the cliffs are exactly the same as those recorded in the above-mentioned "Zhejiang Jinshizhi·Tang Yuangao Inscription".At the same time, it was also discovered that there were stone carvings in the seventh year of Yu Di Zhenyuan, 791, which are Huzhou Governor and Du Mu's stone carvings about Fengzhao repairing tribute roasted tea. 〔Note〕①Tea Mountain: That is, Changcheng County, Huzhou, Tang Dynasty, which is now Guzhu Tea Mountain, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province. ② Yu: The ancient emperor, the founder of the Xia Dynasty.Si surname, also known as Dayu, Jieyu, or Wenming.His father was killed for failing to control the flood.He was ordered to continue to control the flood, and he never entered the house three times in thirteen years, and finally healed the flood.And become the successor of Emperor Shun.Around the end of the 22nd century BC to the beginning of the 21st century, after the death of Emperor Shun, King Yu officially ascended the throne and established a slavery country.Known as King Yu in history, his capital was Yangcheng, which is now Dengfeng, Henan. ③Yu Gong: After Dayu came to the throne, he met the leaders of Yi and Xia tribes in the western suburbs of Bengbu City, Anhui Province in Tushan, and accepted their tribute.Although King Yu set a precedent for paying tribute, his purpose was entirely to stop troops and fight and stabilize the world. ④ Empress King: Refers to the emperors of all dynasties who followed King Yu and made great efforts to pay tribute. ⑤Officials: Refers to admonishing officials and court officials who specialize in their duties. 6 Treacherous: Generally refers to eloquent but treacherous, flattering villains.This refers to the officials who want to win the favor of the emperor by repairing tribute tea. ⑦ The two sentences of dynamic and daily use: it is a huge waste of manpower and material resources caused by the tribute tea system. ⑧ I come, get and two sentences: The poet refers to himself as ordered to come to Guzhu Tea Mountain to pay tribute.According to "Southern New Book": "Tang system: Huzhou made the most tea, and Yuan Gao made 3,600 strings of tea for the county, and carved poems on stones and roasted them in tribute." ⑨The Eighteen Sentences of Meng Zuo Looking Down: It is what the poet saw and heard when he came to Guzhu Mountain to repair the tribute. One man served as a slave, the whole family went up the mountain, and even risked their lives, climbing the cliffs like a deer to search, endured hunger and starvation, but still could not complete the tea-picking quota; It impacts people's hearts; as the governor of a state, Yuan Shishi, he can hardly bear to see those tea workers with unkempt hair, shaved hands and feet, and sad faces full of tears - the miserable scene of the people he herds. ⑩Mengge sentence: It is about the thrilling scene of tea workers helping Jingge to climb the almost toppled cliff to pick tea. HI's sad emissary sentence: It is said that the tea-picking workers, like eating mulberry leaves, light up the leaves of the tea trees, and even flatten the flowers and plants that have just sprouted in early spring; there is no spring on the tea mountains, only a lament In the sunny place, the spring tea buds have already been lighted, and the tea buds on the shady side have not been spit out, but the court's urging tribute tea has been sent frequently. HJ Elk: Deer genus, animal name.It looks like a deer but has a huge body, about seven feet high.The whole body is dark reddish brown, with small eyes and wide ears.The peony body has the corners of branches, and its branches increase year by year. The branches are thick and short, and they are extremely strong. Timid and timid, good at walking, swimming, eating bark, leaves, buds, etc.Produced in northern Asia, Sweden, North America and other places. Here are six sentences from Emperor HK: It generally refers to the emperors of the Tang Dynasty advocating hunting and traveling around, which caused the officials of various counties and counties to compete to pay tribute to the emperor. . HL is unknown, who made the sentence: It is said that so many tribute teas are produced, apart from being used by the imperial court, who are the courtiers and dignitaries who can taste such precious tribute teas? HM Gu Xingzhi concludes the sentence: It is the poet who said that he came out to guard Huzhou. He should have sympathized with the people and worked hard to govern, but he was ordered to repair tea. Although he opposed it in his heart, he could not openly disobey the holy order, so he had to follow the old system to go to Gu Zhuyuan to supervise the tribute Tea, but in the vast sea, where will anyone listen to his statement of loyalty for the people? 1.Retitle the east wall of the new residence Under the long pine tree is the head of the small stream, and the white cloth fur is in the womb of the deer. The medicine garden and tea garden are industries, and the wild elk and forest cranes are friends. Yunsheng moistens the clothes of households, and the fire and candles in the hidden mountain kitchen are secluded. My favorite is Yiquan Xincai, Qingling bends and flows around the steps. [Bai Juyi] 772-846, with the word Letian, and in his later years, he called himself Xiangshan Jushi, also known as Mr. Zuiyin.Xiayu is a native of Weinan County, Shaanxi Province.In the 16th year of Zhenyuan, Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty, he became a Jinshi in 800.He has successively served as the secretary of the school, the scholar of Hanlin, the member of the Minister of Shangshu, Wailang, the scholar of Zhongshu, and the governor of Hangzhou and Suzhou.He was once relegated to Sima of Jiangzhou for offending the dignitaries. He resigned when he was reinstated as Minister of the Ministry of Punishments, and lived in the Eastern Capital.Died in 846, the sixth year of Wuzong Huichang, and was buried in Longmen Mountain, Luoyang.Bai Juyi was a famous poet, essayist and literary theorist in Tang Dynasty.He has achieved high literary and artistic achievements in poetry, prose, etc., and many excellent works have become famous pieces that have been recited through the ages. [Title Explanation] The poet Yu Xianzong was demoted to Sima in Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) in 815, the tenth year of Yuanhe.He once planted tea gardens, dug clear springs, and lived in a house at the foot of Xianglu Peak in Lushan Mountain and on the bank of Huangshui, following the example of Lu Yu's career in Shangrao, Xinzhou.This is the second of four poems written by the poet on the east wall after the thatched cottage was completed.It was written in 818, the thirteenth year of Yuanhe. [Commentary] Bai Juyi, after Master Jiaoran, a poet monk in the mid-Tang Dynasty, is another poet who is passionate about tea culture.In his poetry creation, he also implanted artistic flowers exuding mellow fragrance and unique charm into the hundred gardens of Chinese tea culture.His tea poems have the artistic characteristics of delicate description, fresh and clear language, elegant artistic conception, blending scenes and clear and easy to understand.This poem on the wall, written by the great poet, combines the magnificent natural scenery and humanistic landscape of Mount Lu into a wonderful landscape painting: Under the Xianglu Peak, on the bank of the water, there are dense pines and cypresses, murmuring streams, galloping elk, and flying cranes;This poem also fully expresses the poet's lofty sentiments and broad-mindedness in adversity. This is just like what the poet said in the four poems of "Heavy Title East House": "The heart is peaceful and the body is at home. Why is the hometown alone in Chang'an?" . [Note] ① White cloth fur: refers to the natural and beautiful white spots of the deer. ②Wild elk: that is, wild elk. 2.Xie Li Liu Lang Zhong ① sent Xin Shu tea ② The hometown ③ Zhou Zha ④ made relatives, and the new tea was divided into Zhang ⑤ and sick. A letter on red paper ⑥, ten pieces of green shoots before the fire ⑦. Add a spoonful of soup to fry the fish eye ⑧, stir the koji dust without knife kyu ⑨. If you don’t send it to me before others, it’s because I’m a Biecha person⑩. [Title Explanation] After the poet was relegated to Jiangzhou Sima, he lived in a hut at the foot of Mount Lu. This poem is a reward poem he wrote after receiving new tea from Shu, Li Jingjian, the governor of Zhongzhou.It was written in 818, the thirteenth year of Yuanhe. [Notes] ① Li Liulang: That is Li Jingjian, ranking sixth.Xiayu is a native of Weinan, Shaanxi Province.Li Tang clan.In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, he was a Jinshi in 799.In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he served as the governor of Zhongzhou.Bai and Li are young friends from the same hometown, and they have always been close friends.In March 819, Bai Juyi's fourteenth year, he was ordered to assassinate Zhongzhou, which is now Zhongxian County, Sichuan. On the day he took office, Li Jingjian went to the riverside wharf to pick up Bai Inspector. There is a poem in Letian: "Fortunately, Li Shijun at the end of the world, we will meet each other at Jiangtou at dusk." ②Shu tea: generally refers to the famous tea produced in the land of Bashu. ③Hometown: That is, on the north bank of the Weihe River, Xiaguqing Weiqu - the poet's hometown. ④Zhou Za: It's still completely secret.In this poem, make an intimate explanation.In the temple "Sent to Li Liulangzhong on a Rainy Night in Dushupu", the poet recalled that when he and his friend Li Liulangzhong were playing in their youth, Zeng Yun said: "Suddenly recalling two families in the same alley, why did one not follow them. Run wildly at night under the flowers , sitting up in front of the lamp and playing chess." ⑤ Separation: After the first batch of spring tea is baked, a portion will be sent to Bai Juyi who is ill. ⑥Red paper sentence: Red paper refers to the cover letter when Li sent tea.The book refers to the poems or letters that the poet sent to Li before. ⑦Huoqianchun: Mingqian tea.In ancient times, the Cold Food Festival had the custom of banning fire one or two days before Qingming. "Huoqianchun" means that the precious green buds sent by Li are the first roasted "Mingqian tea". ⑧Fish eye: It is the method of soup used by the ancients when making tea. When the water first boils like fish eyes and makes a slight sound, it is called fish eye. The two sentences of "Tang Tian" both refer to the poet's process of watching the water, waiting for the soup, ordering tea, and stopping the boiling when frying tea. ⑨ Daogui: It was one of the tools used for sencha in Tang Dynasty.It is made of bamboo or metal, and its shape is like a bamboo clip.It is used to stir around the center of the boiling water when the water is first boiling, so that the temperature of the boiling water tends to be more balanced. ⑩ Other tea people: I still say that it is rare to taste good tea, thanks to the old friend who sent me from the end of the world.The poem implies that the poet was in a predicament of poverty and illness after he was relegated to Jiangzhou Sima. 3.Xie Xiao Yuanwai ① sent Sichuan tea Shu tea arrived but it was shockingly new, and when it was boiled in Weishui, I felt it was precious. Man Ou ③ is like milk and can be held and played, but it is a thirsty person in the deep spring. [Note] ①Xiao Yuanwai: The experience is unknown.The poet Yu Yuanhe served as the governor of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province) from 819 to 820 in the 14th and 15th years of Yuanhe.Xiao Yuanwai may be the country gentleman that the poet met at this time. ② Weishui: the Wei River.One of the main tributaries of the Yellow River.It originates from Niaoshu Mountain in the northwest of Weiyuan County, Gansu Province, flows southeast to Qingshui County, enters Shaanxi Province, traverses the Weihe Plain, flows east to Tongguan, and enters the Yellow River.The poet's hometown is Qingwei Qu on the shore of the Wei River in Weinan County, Shaanxi today.Bai Juyi's poem "Revisiting the Old Residence on Weishang" said: "The old residence is clear and the Weiqu is open, and the door is used as Caidu. It comes back once in ten years, and I almost want to get lost." Xiao Yuan sent Shu tea outside, and it was during the poet's return to his hometown.Therefore, the Weishui River can be used to make tea, and the tea tastes fresh and mellow. ③ Two sentences of Man Ou: It refers to the scene where the poet is pleasing to the eye and the eye when drinking tea. 4.Yin Yuan Langzhong ① white beard poem and drinking snow tea because of the inscription on the wall Chanting the Shuangmao sentence, tasting snow tea at leisure. In the city where the eyebrows are stretched, there is only the Yuan family. [Title Explanation] In 820, the fifteenth year of Xianzong Yuanhe, Bai Juyi was recalled to Chang'an from his post as governor of Zhongzhou, and served as a member of the Minister of Shangshu, Wailang.When Yuan Zhen was in the capital, he was just appointed as a doctor of the ancestral hall.This poem was written in the winter of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe. [Note] ①Yuan Langzhong: That is, Yuan Zhen 779-831 character Weiyuan, another word Weiyang.Luoyang is now a native of Henan.In the 19th year of Zhenyuan, 803 was published in the book and sentenced to Diocesan.He once served as a supervisory censor and a member of the catering department Wai Lang.A famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, he was as famous as Bai Juyi, and he was also called "Yuanbai".Yuan and Bai have a close friendship and sing harmony with each other. ②Snow water tea: The ancients regarded snow water—Tianshui as the best water for cooking tea.Cooking tea with snow water is an elegant move of Gaoshi.For example, Lu Guimeng in the Tang Dynasty chanted tea poems: "Come and sit among the pine trees and watch the snow on the pine trees." Song Luyou's "Fried Tea After Snow" poem: "The night snow is clear and sweet, and the well springs rise, and I bring my own tea cooker to cook." ③ Two sentences in the city: the city refers to the capital Chang'an.It seems that in the huge city of Chang'an, the poet can only relax his often locked brows and express the depression in his chest only when he is a guest at Yuan Zhen's house.It can be seen that Yuan Bai was an irreversible friend in his official career. 5.I heard Jia Changzhou Cui Huzhou tea mountain environment at night, I would like to envy the feast, so I sent this poem Distant Wenjinghui ①Tea Mountain Night, Zhucui Song Bell ②and around the body. There are two state boundaries in the middle of the plate ③, and a family spring in front of the lamp. Qing'e ④ should compete for excellence in hand dance, and purple bamboo shoots should taste new ones ⑤. When I sighed at the flowers, under the north window, Puhuang wine ⑥ was for the sick and sleeping people. [Title Explanation] In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Tang Dezong, Xianzong, Jingzong, Xuanzong and other dynasties were found in Tang poetry. The tea mountain environment meeting will be held.The location of the meeting: According to the "Changxing County Chronicles" of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, in the Tang Dynasty, Changxing was the Xuanjiao Ridge, seventy miles northwest of Changcheng County, and it was named because of its drooping ridge.This poem is a poem sent by Bai Juyi, the governor of Suzhou at that time, to Jia Sui, the governor of Changzhou, and Cui Xuanliang, the governor of Huzhou.It was written in the spring of 826, the second year of Baoli in Tang Jingzong. 〔Note〕①Tea mountain meeting: The governors of Hu and Chang prefectures made tea respectively in Guzhu Mountain and Tanggong Mountain in the prefecture; the attendants, musicians, and singers led by the local governors of the two prefectures met in Xuanjiaoling, the boundary between the two prefectures. A grand singing and dancing competition, tea tasting and tea fighting, and banquets are held, which is called "Tea Mountain Environment Meeting." ② Song Bell: The name of an ancient percussion instrument, that is, chime bells.This refers to the music and singing at the Tea Mountain Conference. "Li Taibai's Poem" fifteen "Wei County Bie Su Ming Mansion Because of the North Tour": "The brothel is sandwiched between the two banks, and thousands of families are singing bells." ③ Boundary between the two states: In the Tang Dynasty, the Guzhushan tea area in Changcheng County, Huzhou was geographically adjacent to the Tanggongshan tea area in Yixing County, Changzhou, which is now the Tanggongshan tea area in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province.In ancient times, there was a "Jinghui Pavilion", also known as "Fangyan". ④ Qing'e: Refers to singers and dancers.Jiang Yan's "Water Goddess Fu": "Qing'e is ashamed and beautiful." Han Yu's "Yancheng Night Meeting Couplets": "Qing'e has long sleeves." ⑤Purple bamboo shoot sentence: In the Tang Dynasty, Yangxian tea produced in Tanggong Mountain, Junshan Township, Yixing County, Changzhou, also known as purple bamboo shoot tea, and Guzhu purple bamboo shoot tea were both court tribute teas.After the new tribute tea varieties are baked every year, they will be judged at the tea mountain environment meeting to judge the quality of the tea, which is called "every fight is new". ⑥ Puhuang wine: Puhuang, cattail pollen as fine as gold powder, can be used as medicine.The poet attached a small note to this poem: "At that time, the horse fell down and hurt his waist, and he was persuading Puhuang wine." Bai Juyi, the governor of Suzhou at that time, had already received an invitation to go to the Chashan Jinghui, but he was quite regretful that he could not attend the meeting due to his waist injury. Therefore, I wrote poems and sent them to each other. 6.Gin tea Wu Wu ① puts the shape in the group, and Tao Tao ② willful for a lifetime. Since I left my official position, I have had many dreams in spring, and I have been more leisurely when I don’t study. The only thing known in Qinli is Lushui ④, and in tea, it used to be Mengshan ⑤. Poor traffic only ⑥ is always accompanied by me, don’t I have nothing to return ⑦? [Title Explanation] This is a poem of double chants of "qin" and "tea".And borrow the spirituality of qin tea to describe Letian's "gentleman Tao Tao" moral demeanor.This poem was written in the Yamato period of Tang Wenzong. [Note] ① Wu Wu [wuwu]: The words come from Han Yu's "Jin Xue Jie": "burn ointment oil to continue the sundial, and keep Wu Wu to live poor years." Take more high meanings." Du Mu's "A Fang Gong Fu" has the sentence "Shu Mountain Wu, A Fang comes out". The sentence "Wuwu" is the poet's deep injustice for being repeatedly slandered and relegated in the officialdom. ② Tao Tao [yaoyao]: Harmonious appearance. "Poetry · Wang Feng · Gentleman Yang Yang": "A gentleman is Tao Tao." The poet's name Le Tianzheng means integrity and open-mindedness throughout his life.Bai Juyi advocated throughout his life: "If you are poor, you will take care of yourself alone, and if you are rich, you will benefit the world." ③Throwing away the official: The poet resigned from the Minister of the Criminal Ministry in the spring of 829, the third year of Emperor Wenzong of Tang Dynasty, and went to live in Luoyang as a guest of the prince.Therefore, it is called "throwing an official". ④ Lushui: Guqin music. "Selected Works" Ma Rong's "Flute Fu": "The middle is taken from the white snow and Lushui." Han's note: "Baixue, Lushui elegant song name." The poet is proficient in rhythm, and appreciates the guqin song "Lushui" among the qin songs.The poet Yu Yuanhe wrote the poem "Listening to the Ancient Lushui" when he was appointed as Zhou Zhi County Captain in Shaanxi Province from the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty: "Wearing the ancient Lushui makes my heart peaceful. If you want to know the meaning of the flow, you can listen to the sparse sound. Under the shade of bamboo by the west window, there is more than clear daylight. " ⑤ Mengshan: Mengshan tea.Produced in Mingshan County, Yazhou, which belongs to Mengding Mountain in Sichuan today.Mengding has a long history of tea production.According to legend, during the Western Han Dynasty, Zen Master Wu Lizhen personally planted seven immortal tea plants in Ganlu Temple, Shangqing Peak, Mengding, creating a precedent for artificially cultivating tea trees in Mengding.It has been more than two thousand years. ⑥ Poor general sentence: It is the poet who laments the ups and downs of the officialdom, and good luck and bad luck often follow each other.Le Tian's "Ten Rhymes of Relegation in the South of the Yangtze River": "A strong heart is a disciple of Xu Guo, and a life is not as good as a person. Talents show their ambitions, and their talents lose their water scales." The sunflower withers still faces the sun, and spring breaks off.Xingzang and Tongsai, everything is appointed by Tao Jun. "It is the best commentary for this poem. ⑦Is the sentence: This is the poet's sad question when his life is approaching his twilight years for his ambition to serve the country and benefit the world: Can I never return to the capital in this life?The answer is yes.Bai Juyi returned to Luoyang in the spring of 829, the third year of Emperor Wenzong's reign, and died in Luoyang in August 846, the sixth year of Huichang Emperor Wuzong's reign. In seventeen years, he never returned to Chang'an, Xijing.