Chapter 37 Chapter Seven Modern and Ancient Tea Poems-1

Fu Lingshan is the only mountain ①, and it is loved by its extraordinary production. It grows weeds, and the rice is covered with hills.The moon is only the beginning of autumn ②, the farm work is less rested, and I travel together occasionally, it is harvesting and seeking.The water is the injection of the Minfang, and it flows into the clear stream.The pottery bamboo slips for the vessel ④ come from Dongyu.Take Pao ⑤ as appropriate, and take Shi Gong Liu ⑥. But this is just the beginning7, the foam is sinking and the flowers are floating, glowing like snow, and Ye is like a spring application.

[Du Yu]? ——311 characters Uncle Fang.A native of Yanling, Xiangcheng County, Western Jin Dynasty (now Yanling County, Henan Province).Yongxingzhong 304-305, worshiped Runan prefect.Yongjia entered the right general, and later offered wine to the Imperial Academy.In 311, the fifth year of Yongjia, when the capital Luoyang was about to fall, he died.There are two sets of volumes. [Title Explanation] Among the six ancient tea-song poems and songs listed by Lu Yu in "The Classic of Tea", except for the "Xiangming Fu" written by Bao Linghui in the Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty, which is a literary work on tea, the rest of them only have tea-songs in their works. words and sentences.Among the existing ancient Chinese tea literature works, Du Yu's "Fu" occupies a prominent position, and it is an excellent work chanting the artistic conception of drinking tea.In the form of haiku and elegant, fresh and fluent language, it expresses the beautiful artistic conception of tea picking, tea making and tea tasting by farmers traveling together in autumn tea mountains.

〔Note〕①Six sentences from Lingshan Weiyue: Describe the ecological environment where the tea garden is located at the right time and place.Adhering to the love of heaven and earth, the tea garden is bred by the fertile soil and rain, and the spirit of beauty. Although it is early autumn, it is still verdant and green, full of vitality. ②Four sentences from Yuewei early autumn: The author wrote that on the day of early autumn, during the leisure time of farming, he invited his friends to travel to the tea mountains to pick tea and make tea. ③Water starts with two sentences: point out the tea and water products, which are clean and running water from the Minjiang River at the foot of the tea mountain.

This is just as Zhang Youxin said in "Jian Cha Shui Ji" in the Tang Dynasty: "There is nothing wrong with cooking tea in the place where it is produced, and it is suitable to cover the water and soil." Yangbo Ridge in the north of the mountain. ④ There are two sentences in the simple pottery selection: it means that when making tea soup, the exquisite pottery produced by Zhejiang Yue Kiln is selected.As far as Bashu is concerned with Yue, it is called "from the east corner". The specific method of tea making and brewing is not clear in "Fu Fu", according to "Guang Ya" records: "Tea is picked in Jingba to make cakes, and the old man leaves it with rice paste. Pound it into powder, put it in porcelain, and pour it with soup."

⑤ Take Pao for discretion: Pao, according to "Shuowen Baobu": "Pao belongs to Cucurbitaceae, and its scientific name is the same as Hu. Gai is of the same species as the gourd, but the one that has changed slightly. ": "The gourd is stalkless and round, and the flat one is the gourd. "As the saying goes: "The gourd ladle without a handle is called a gourd, and the one with a handle is called a gourd." ⑥ Take style Gongliu: Gongliu, the ancestor of the ancient Zhou tribe, is said to be the great-grandson of Houji.During the inauguration ceremony of the construction of the palace in the capital city of Xunyi County and Binxian County in Shaanxi Province today in Binyi and other places, "Pao" was used as a wine utensil for feasting for ministers and guests. , and followed suit as the etiquette method of the state banquet, which can be seen in "Poetry Daya Gongliu".The ancient Gong Liu's drinking method of "discretion with Pao" had a far-reaching influence on later generations, and many imitated it.

⑦From the beginning to the end of the sentence: it is a fragrant tea with rich words and dew.After decocting, the scene of the tea soup: the thicker tea powder sinks, and the finer tea essence floats on the surface of the gourd. The white foam is better than spring snow and bright as the early spring sunshine; its taste is fresh and fragrant. overflowing. Zhongfu, a nephew of the Da family, presented cactus tea from Yuquan Mountain ① and preface I heard that Yuquan Temple in Jingzhou ② is close to the mountains of Qingxi, and there are often milk caves in the caves.There are many jade springs in the cave, among which there are white bats, which are as big as crows and ducks.According to the fairy scriptures, a bat is a fairy mouse.After a thousand years, the body is as white as snow, and the habitat hangs upside down.Gai drinking milk water and longevity.Ming grass grows everywhere near the water, and its branches and leaves are like jasper.But Zhengong of Yuquan often picks it and drinks it.He is more than eighty years old, and his color is like peach and plum.And this tea is fragrant, smooth and hot, which is different from others.Therefore, it can rejuvenate children and help people live longer.When I visited Jinling, I met Zhongfu, a nephew of the sect, and showed him dozens of tea leaves.The fists are overlapping, its shape is like a hand, and it is called cactus tea.Gaixin came from the mountain of Yuquan, and it has not been read since ancient times. Because I kept it and saw it, I also donated poems, and I wanted to answer it, so I made this work.Later, the eminent monk Dayin knew that the immortal palm tea originated from Zhongfu Chanzi and Qinglian Layman Li Bai.

It is often heard that Yuquan Mountain has many milk caves in the caves. The fairy mouse is as white as a crow, hanging upside down in the clear stream and the moon. Mingsheng is in this stone, and the jade spring flows endlessly. Genke sprinkles fragrance, collects and takes to moisten muscles and bones. Clusters of old volumes of green leaves, branches connected one after another. Exposed into a cactus, like patting the shoulders of Hong Ya. The whole world has never seen it, and its name will be passed on. Zong Ying is Chan Bo ④, and there are good articles for donations. Qingjing candle without salt ⑤, Gu Xizi ⑥ Yan.

Sitting in front of the court ⑦ has more fun, and singing long songs spreads to the heavens ⑧. [Li Bai] 701-762, the character is Taibai, and the name is Qinglian Jushi.A great poet of the Tang Dynasty, whose ancestral home was Chengji in Longxi, which is now northwest of Qin'an in Gansu Province.At the end of the Sui Dynasty, due to crimes, he migrated to Suiye, Central Asia, near Tokmak, Kyrgyz Republic, where Li Bai was born.At the age of five, he moved with his father to Qinglian Township in Changlong, Mianzhou, which is now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province.In 742, the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he was ordered to enter Beijing to worship Hanlin.

Because it is called "Li Hanlin".He Zhizhang praised him as "the immortal in heaven".Later generations called him "Li Banxian".His poems are as famous as Du Fu, and he is also called "Li Du". [Title Explanation] This poem was written in Tianbao.Li Bai was slandered by the rich and powerful in Chang'an, and his ambitions could not be displayed. In the third year of Tianbao in 744, press: It was the first month of the year and the new year was changed to Zaichun, "giving gold back to the mountain", and left Chang'an for the second time.Later, he met Zhongfu, a nephew of his clan in Jinling, and he gave him a poem and Xianrenzhang tea. The poet thanked him with this poem.In the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, this is an early poem about tea. It can be said that it is a plum blossom in the garden of tea culture in the Tang Dynasty.

[Note] ① Cactus palm tea: According to the "Dangyang County Chronicle" and "Yuquan Temple Chronicle" of Hubei Province, cactus palm tea was created in the Yuquan Temple of Yuquan Mountain, Jingzhou in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.This tea was lost later.In 1981, Yuquan Temple tea farm in Dangyang County, Hubei resumed the trial production of cactus tea and achieved success.The shape of the tea is flat like a palm, the color is emerald green, and the pekoe is exposed; the soup is clear, the buds and leaves are stretched, green and pure, like lotus blossoms; the taste is fresh and refreshing, the fragrance is elegant and light, and the aftertaste is sweet and meaningful.

② Yuquan Temple: It is one of the famous Buddhist temples in my country. It was built in the Kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty from 581 to 600. The Four Absolutes".During the Tianxi period of Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1017-1021), there were more than 3,700 monks' houses, and there were more than 1,000 monks.Yuquan Temple is now listed as one of the national key protected areas and is also a tourist attraction in Hubei Province.Tourists from all over the world come here in droves, and cactus tea is also a must-try tea for tourists. ③ Yuquan Mountain: It is called Duilan Mountain, also known as Fuban Mountain.It is 15 kilometers west of Dangyang County, Hubei today. Standing aloof, majestic.In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Jiuling wrote a poem about Yuquan Mountain: "Wanmu can be soft and knotted, and thousands of flowers can be covered with luster; good birds sing among the pines, and clear springs flow under the bamboo; there is a shrine on the stone wall, and the golden light illuminates the feast." At the foot of the mountain, there is an ancient temple of Yuquan, beside the temple. There is Pearl Spring, which boils like pearls and is crystal clear.Yuquan Mountain has a unique scenic spot and is known as the "Three Famous Mountains of Chu". ④ Zongying: It refers to Zen Master Zhongfu, who was praised by the poet as a generation of ordinary people in the Li family.Chan Bo: Zen, Buddhist noun.It is said that the mind is focused on one situation, and is examining and thinking.Chan Bo, is Li Baiyu's nephew Zhongfu, who has achieved a lot in Buddhism and has enjoyed a respected status among monks. ⑤ No salt: This is an ancient place name - Qiyi in the Warring States Period.Zhong Lichun, the ugly girl of Qi State, and Queen Xuan of Qi were born in this town."No salt" in the poem is the pronoun of Zhongli's family.Because of his ugly appearance and unmarried forty years, he paid homage to King Xuan of Qi and said "four perils", so King Xuan of Qi dismantled the stage gradually, stopped female music, retreated from flattery, and entered direct admonition.That is to say, worship Wuyan as the queen, and the state of Qi will be safe.The poet praised the poems donated by Zhongfu with two sentences such as "clear mirror and candle without salt".It seems that there is a great saying "a piece of rock with a lonely sail to see the color, and the clear pool and the bright moon to shine on the Zen heart" can be found in Li Qi's "Ti Suongong Pond" in the Tang Dynasty The profound artistic conception of the poem even makes the poet feel ashamed, just like Zhong Lichun, an ugly girl from Qi State, who is ashamed to see Xi Shi, a beautiful woman from Yue State.Although this is a modest word, it also reveals Li Bai's complicated psychological state of being unsuccessful in his official career and unsuccessful in seeking immortality. ⑥Xizi: Another name for Xishi in the State of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, a native of Yue Zhuluo. It is said that Goujian, king of Yue, was defeated in Kuaiji and ordered Fan Li to obtain the beauty Xishi. Studying in Shicheng, facing Duxiang, three years of learning uniforms and offering them to the king of Wu, Fucha Xuhe.The king of Yue tried his best and learned lessons, and finally defeated the state of Wu.Xi Shi returned to Fan Li and left for a tour of the five lakes. ⑦ Sitting in the court: refers to Zhongfu sitting in meditation and chanting sutras in the temple. 8 Heavens: Refers to "the heavens of the three realms".Buddhism divides the secular world into "the realm of desire, the realm of form and the realm of formlessness", all of which are in the process of "samsara of life and death" and are the three realms in which sentient beings exist. Zhaoyin Temple ①Dongfeng Tea Banquet in the Autumn Evening Send off brother-in-law Yan Bojun to Jiangzhou Wanqi Xindao is near the mountain village, and it is several miles deep to the gate of the temple. Fortunately, there is a fragrant tea to leave the son ②, and the autumn grass is unbearable to send the king and grandson ③. Don't complain about the smoke and dust, but worry about separation, and the depression in the well town ④Who can bear it. No wonder Lin Qi weeps alone, Wei Shu ⑤ misses his family's kindness. [Li Jiayou] 719-779 words Congyi.Tang Dynasty poet.Zhaozhou is a native of Zhao County, Hebei Province.In the seventh year of Tianbao, 748 Jinshi and the first.He once served as the order of Poyang and Jiangyin.Supervising censors and other posts.During this period, he was dismissed in 762, the first year of Suzong Baoying, and roamed Wuyue. [Title Explanation] Jiaoran, a poet monk, pioneered the tea banquet in which tea was substituted for wine in the mid-Tang Dynasty.He wrote tea poems advocating replacing wine with tea, such as "Drinking Tea with Lu Chushi on Nine Days" and "Drinking Tea and Singing and Crying at Cui Shishijun".This kind of tea banquet, which advocates frugality, is mostly held in monasteries.When the monastery held religious activities, they entertained monks and lay guests with tea banquets; literati and scholars also used tea banquets as farewells for their relatives and friends. [Note] ① Zhaoyin Temple: It is located in Zhaoyin Mountain, 3 kilometers south of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.The temple was built in the early Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. ② Shizi: Buddhist appellation.The full name is "Sakyamuni".It means the disciple of Sakyamuni.In the poem, the poet uses "Shizi" as the name of the guests attending the tea banquet, to express his devotion and respect for Buddhism. ③Wang Sun: A descendant of a nobleman. "Historical Records Huaiyin Hou Biography": "My family's grandson eats." Collection solution: Ruyan son also. "Selected Works" Ma Rong "Ode to the Flute" "Young Master Leisurely, Grandson of the King of Yu Yu." In the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, "Wang Sun" is often used as a nickname for friends of the same generation.In Bai Juyi's poem "Grass", there is a famous line "Send the king and grandson again, full of love". ④ Jingyi sentence: This is due to Liu Zhan's invasion of Jianghuai and Shi Siming's rebellion, resulting in the scene of tens of thousands of households in the prosperous and prosperous Jiangnan.Liu Zhan was the governor of the Tang and Song Dynasties and the deputy envoy of Huaixi Jiedu.After his intention to rebel was leaked, Tang Suzong adopted the so-called "play hard to capture" strategy, and then granted him the military power to command the military powers of the three towns of Huaidongnan, Jiangnanxi, and Zhejiangxi.After Liu Zhan had a heavy army in his hands, he rebelled in November 760, the first year of Emperor Suzong's Shangyuan.Dozens of prefectures and counties including Run, Sheng, Su, Hu, and Yangzhou were once captured, causing serious disasters to the vast areas in the south of the Yangtze River. ⑤ Wei Shu: The word Ziyang.Jin Rencheng people. "Book of Jin·Wei Shu Biography" records: Shu Shaogu was raised by Ning's family, who built a house, and the housekeeper said: "You should be your nephew." Shu said: "You should be the housekeeper for your cousin. "Shu was a Situ during the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty from 265 to 290. He was admired by the people at that time, and he generously repaid the kindness of the Ning family for his upbringing. Send Lu Hongjian to Qixia Temple ① to pick tea Picking tea is not picking green ②, far away ③ from the upper cliff. The cloth leaves are warm in spring, and the baskets are full and the sun is slanting. On the old Zhishan Temple Road, when I stayed at the barbarian's house. May I ask Wang Suncao ④, when will the bowl be filled with flowers? [Huangfuran] 717? —770?The word Maozheng.Tang Dynasty poet.Runzhou Yangdan is a native of Danyang County, Jiangsu Province.In the fifteenth year of Tianbao, there were 756 Jinshi and the first.Awarded Wuxi Wei.The official goes to the right to make up for the que. [Title Explanation] Because Lu Yu avoided the "Anshi Rebellion", he traveled south to the shore of Taihu Lake, and Huang Furan, who was then a captain of Wuxi, became friends with him.Relying on Huangfu Ranren's office, Lu Yu went to the tea mountains in the surrounding areas to pick tea.This poem was written in the second year of Suzong Zhide or the first year of Qianyuan in 757-758. [Note] ① Qixia Temple: It is located at the west foot of Qixia Mountain, about 22 kilometers northeast of Nanjing City. It was founded in 483, the first year of Qi Yongming in the Southern Dynasty. ②Green: that is, weed grass.Contains: green bamboo and weed grass can be used as medicine and dyestuff. "Non-picking" means that picking green is easy, but picking tea is difficult. ③Five sentences from a distance: The poet said that his friend Lu Yu worked tirelessly to study the wild tea leaves in Qixia before and after Qingming, climbing dangerous peaks and upper cliffs, and picking young tea buds that had just opened in the spring breeze. When the baskets were full, it was almost dusk , I had to spend the night in the Shanren hut. ④Wangsun grass: This is a perennial plant in the Liliaceae family. Yellow flowers bloom on the top of the stems in June, and the roots can be used as medicine. The word "Wangsun grass" in this poem refers to something else.Wang Sun: It refers to Lu Hongjian. Wang Sun was originally a descendant of a nobleman, and generally refers to a son.In the farewell poems of the Tang Dynasty, they often did not use the names of their friends directly, but instead referred to them as Wang and Sun.Grass: It refers to the new tea collected by Lu Yu in Qixia Mountain. I look forward to the early return of my friends, and when I drink spring tea, I can express my feelings of farewell. Meet Lu Hongjian while picking tea Thousands of peaks are waiting for guests, and fragrant tea is coming back. Knowing the depths of picking, haze is envious of walking alone. In the quiet period, the mountain temple is far away, and the picnic stone spring is clear. In the silent night of burning lanterns, there is a sound of lovesickness. [Huangfu Zeng]? -785 characters Xiaochang.Tang Dynasty poet.A native of Danyang, Jianzhou, today's Danyang County, Jiangsu Province.Huang Furan's younger brother.In the twelfth year of Tianbao, there were 753 Jinshi and the first.The official went to the palace to serve the censor, and then he was demoted to Shuzhou Sima.When he visited Huzhou in the spring of 774 in the ninth year of Zong Dali in the Tang Dynasty, he met Lu Yu and became friends. [Title Explanation] When the Northern Poetry was included in "Tea Dongbu" by Chen Jiru in the Ming Dynasty, the title was the same, but the author was signed by Huang Furan, but this poem was not included in the volume of "The Complete Tang Poems".Instead, it was collected in Huangfu Zeng's volume.It was also signed by Huangfu Zeng when it was included in Shangrao County Chronicles by Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty.Based on this, it can be inferred that this poem was undoubtedly written by Zeng.This poem was written around 785 or before the early Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Dezong, when Lu Yu lived in seclusion in Shangrao. [Note] ① Bu Ke: The hermit. "Selected Works" contains Kong Zhigui's "Beishan Yiwen": "Please go back to the vulgar, and thank you for the king." The first four sentences of this poem are the poet's praise of Lu Yu, saying that thousands of peaks and valleys are welcoming this hermit Lu to pick tea. .And Lu Yu, who is rich in tea picking experience, knows that precious tea can only be picked among the cliffs and streams that are inaccessible. ② Four sentences from the quiet period: It is the poet expressing his nostalgia after breaking up with Lu Yu.The verses are sincere, euphemistic and moving.It tells how eagerly looking forward to a reunion since the breakup, but you are alone far away in the mountain temple picking tea, tasting springs, and suffering so much; the years are so long, there is no way to meet each other; only calling for friends in the long night facing the lonely lamp name, but the response seems to be just a sound of knocking on the pan, coming from a distant mountain temple.