Chapter 33 Chapter 6 Famous springs and good water in the world-1

1. Jade Spring in Beijing Yuquan Mountain—the No. 1 spring in the world. The shadow of tall towers and the scenery of shimmering mountains will immediately come into your eyes. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang Yikui2 made a vivid description of the landscape of Yuquan in "Chang'an Hakka": "Out of Wanshou Temple, 15 miles west of Duxi River is Yuquan Mountain. It is about three feet wide, and it is named Yuquan Pond. The pool is like a thousand buckets of bright pearls, which can be seen as the source. The water is clear and green, with fine stones, quicksand, and green algae. You can distinguish them one by one. A small bridge is crossed in the east of the pool. The water flows into the West Lake ③ under the bridge, which is one of the eight scenic spots in the capital, and it is called 'Jade Spring Chuihong'."

There is the site of Jinxing Palace in Yuquan Mountain. According to legend, Zhang Zong tried to escape the summer here. Hu Yinglin wrote a poem about Yuquan: Feiliu can't see far away, and hangs on Changchuan in a misty way. The Milky Way falls in the sky, and Yujing connects at the top of the peak. The sound of the wave returns to Taiye ④, and the cloud and gas lead to the sweet spring. Going up to the top of the remaining palace, the evening smoke rises from the thousand forests. Wang Ying ⑤ Yong Yuquan poem: The spring at the foot of the mountain is like a jade rainbow, and the clear water is different from other springs.

The ground is connected to Qiongdao ⑥ Yingzhou, and the source is connected to Pengcai ⑦ Cuishui. The moon is slanted when the dawn comes out, and the spring waves are fine and windy when the tide enters. All the way to see the return to the sea, all things are nourished. Yuquan, a famous spring in the world, its name is the same as many famous springs and waters in the world, and it is often closely related to ancient emperors drinking tea and appreciating springs.During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Chengxin Garden was built in the Yang of Yuquan Mountain, and later renamed Jingming Garden.Yuquan is located in the garden. Since the early Qing Dynasty, it has been the spring water used by the court emperors and empresses for drinking tea.

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was a tea addict, and he was also a famous spring taster.Among the ancient emperors, there were many who tasted the world's famous teas, but the one who tasted the world's famous springs on the spot may be none other than Qianlong.He has made in-depth research and evaluation of all famous springs and waters in the world, and has his own unique evaluation method.In addition to comparing the cleanness, sweetness and cleanliness of the water quality, a special silver bucket is also used to compare and measure the water quality, and the lighter one is the soil.After tasting many famous springs and good water, he also listed the world's famous springs as seven grades:

Yuquan in Jingshi ranks first; Shushang Yixun’s Water ranks second; Pearl Spring in Jinan ranks third; Jinshan Spring in Jiangzijiang ranks fourth; Huishan Spring in Wuxi and Hupao Spring in Hangzhou rank fifth; Pingshan Spring ranks sixth; Qingliangshan and Baishajing , Huqiu Spring and Biyun Temple Spring in Xishan, Beijing are all listed as the seventh grade. Qianlong said in "Jade Spring Mountain's No. 1 Spring in the World": "Everyone who comes from the foot of the mountain and has a cold, has never surpassed the Yuquan of the capital, so it is designated as the No. 1 spring in the world."

[Note] ① Hu Yinglin's date of birth and death is unknown: the character is Rui.Lanxi in the Ming Dynasty is now a native of Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province.Young can poetry.During the Wanli period, it was held in the countryside, but it was not the first time for a long time.In Zhushi Mountain, more than 40,000 volumes of books were purchased.Memorize Yanbo, many works.There are such books as "Shaoshi Shanfang Leigao", "Bi Cong", "Shisou" and so on. ②The year of Jiang Yikui's birth and death is unknown: his style name is Zhongshu, and his nickname is Shiyuan.Originally from Wujin, he is now a native of Jiangsu.He served as an official in Lingchuan, Guangxi from 1573 to 1620 in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and later served as the commander of Xicheng of the capital. "Chang'an Hakka" was written in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty in the sixteenth century.The "Chang'an" in the title of the book is a common name for the imperial capital in the feudal era, which means "permanent peace and stability".

③West Lake: Kunming Lake is the current Summer Palace.Formerly known as West Lake.In 1750, the 15th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, to celebrate his mother's 60th birthday, Emperor Qianlong channeled the schools of Yuquan to the West Lake, and changed the West Lake to Kunming Lake; ④ Taiye: Taiye pool.The Taiye Pool in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the Xihuatan Lake in the Yuan Dynasty, and the current Beihai and Zhongnanhai are formed by the water of Yuquan.Chishang crosses Jinao and Yudongqiao. The north of the bridge is called Beihai, the south is called Zhonghai, and the south of Yingtai is called Nanhai.Emperor Qianlong of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty wrote an inscription: "Taiye Autumn Wind".It is one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing.

How did the water from Yuquan flow into Taiye Pool?According to historical records, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yuquan was very prosperous.Together with Longquan and other schools, it converges into Kunming Lake, flows out to the southeast, passes through Deshengmen and enters Xishuiguan, Zhu is Jishuitan, returns and enters the imperial city as Taiye Pool, surrounds the Forbidden City, passes through Zhengyangmen Dongshuiguan, It flows east to Dongbianmen and flows into Taitong River. ⑤Wang Ying 1376-1450: Zi Shiyan, nicknamed Quanpo.Jinxi in the Ming Dynasty is now a native of Jiangxi Province.Yongle Jinshi, awarded Hanlin Xiuzhuan, official to the Ministry of Rites.For more than 40 years in the Imperial Academy, he has been an examiner for the imperial examinations and manuscripts for the imperial court. He is a famous calligrapher.There are "Quanpo Collection" and other handed down.

⑥ Qiongdao: It refers to Qionghua Island in Beijing Beihai Park, also known as Yaodao.It is made of exquisite and strange rocks, and the peaks and ridges are beautiful. If it is born in nature, there is "Qingdao Chunyin" at the east foot of the mountain, which is one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. ⑦Yingzhou and Pengcai: Both are one of the Sanxian Mountains in ancient legends, in the Bohai Sea.Often refers to a place with fairy spirits.In the 28th year of the "Historical Records Qin Shihuang Ji": "Xu Shi, a native of Qi, wrote a letter saying that there are three sacred mountains in the sea, named Pengcai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou, where immortals live." Tang Libai's "Li Taibai Poetry" fifteen "Sleepwalking Tianmu Singing Farewell": "Haike talks about Yingzhou, Yantao is faint and letter is hard to find."

2. Lushan Kangwang Valley Water Curtain Water—The No. 1 Spring in the World Send Jiujiang Boats from Qianren Stone—Lu Yu Jiangxi Jiujiang Lushan ① Kangwang Valley Water Curtain Water, also known as Sandie Spring and Level 3 Spring, is next to Huixian Pavilion in Lushan East Valley .Lu Yu, a tea master in the Tang Dynasty, once traveled to famous mountains and rivers and tasted the world's famous springs and beautiful waters. He once visited Lushan Mountain and commented on the springs. The Sixth Spring in the World"; at the same time, Shuilian Water was rated as "the No. 1 Spring in the World".And wrote a powerful couplet for the spring: "Down from Qianrenshi, send to Jiujiang boat."

According to "Sang Ji": The water of Sandie Spring "comes from the foot of Dayue Mountain, and is poured eastward by the five elders. All the springs in Lushan Mountain flow down along the cliff, but the Sandie Spring does not follow the cliff, and is poured by the five old people. At the mouth of the north cliff of the peak, it hangs on the big rock, curling up and slowly practicing, and when it is excited by the stone, it is broken and scattered, dense and dense, like rain and fog, sprayed on the second-level big rock, converging into a torrent, pouring into the Longtan, booming Boom to the drums of thousands of people." If you stand on Guanshan Mountain, which is one of the names of Lushan Mountain, you can see a ray of heavenly spring, flying down vertically and falling on the big rock, making the sound of a bell boat. When the valley wind blows, the spring water floats in the air like ice silk, like a million buckets of pearls, scattered with the wind. Under the sun, it is colorful and crystal clear, which is magnificent.Zhao Zi'ang's "Shuilianquan Poem" said: The flying sky is like a jade curtain, falling thousands of feet straight down, and the new moon is like a sickle hook, hanging in the sky far away. This Kangwanggu Water Curtain Spring, ever since Lu Yu appraised it as "the most famous spring in the world", was once famous for a while, and it was praised for those who love tea and springs. The water of the spring, and left a poem about the spring.For example, Su Shi said in the poem "Yuan Han Shaoqing Huigu curtain water, two dragon balls, still using new poems as a cover, sighing endlessly, and the second rhyme is harmonious": "The rocks hang down and practice thousands of silks, and thunder rises, double dragons, and everything springs. This mountain and this water are all the first, and they are the best among the three." Su Shi also praised in his tea poems: "Gulian has been a precious spring since ancient times." Lu You also went to Lushan to draw water from the curtain spring to cook tea. In the poem "Tea", there is a sentence "Rizhu roasted incense nostalgia, Gulian tested the water to recall the journey to the West", and wrote in "Journey to Shu": "Gulian water is really exquisite. It is sweet and cool, with all kinds of beauty. Beyond Huishan's reach." [Notes] ① Mount Lu: Also known as Kuang Mountain, or Kuang Lu.In the first year of Tang Tianbao, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, it was changed to the south of Xunyang County, flying to the Jiujiang City section of the Yangtze River, also known as the Xunyang River, next to Poyang Lake.According to legend, in the Zhou Dynasty, seven brothers of the Kuang family went up to the mountain to practice Taoism, and they formed a cottage, hence the name.Kuanglu Peak is a picturesque, cool and pleasant place with beautiful mountains, waterfalls and flowing springs. It is a famous summer resort.Known as "Kuanglu Qixiu is the best in the world". ②Zhao Ziang 1254-1322: Named Meng , courtesy name Ziang, self-named Songxue Taoist.The eleventh grandson of Song Taizu.Because he was given the title of Huzhou, he is a native of Huzhou.Ziang Youhui, who can never forget, is a man of great talent and brilliance, like a man in a fairy.His poems and prose are clear and his calligraphy is the best. He is a famous painter and calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty. 3. Lingquan in Jinshan, Zhenjiang—the No. 1 spring in the world. The man cuts off Loulan’s head and tastes tea.Jinshan was once called Huofu Mountain in ancient times.It was named after the Jin State defeated the former Qin Emperor Fu Jian in Feishui and captured a large number of prisoners and imprisoned them at the foot of this mountain.Pei Toutuo, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, lived here and found several gold coins by the river, so the emperor named it Jinshan. After the founding of New China, the foothills of Jinshan Mountain were turned into Jinshan Park.More than a mile to the west of Jinshan Park is the famous Zhongling Spring, also known as Lingshui in the south of the Yangtze River. Brew tea with Zhongling spring water, the tea tastes fragrant and sweet.According to Zhang Youxin's "Jianchashui Ji" in the Tang Dynasty, Liu Bochu, a spring connoisseur, tasted several famous springs and good waters. Compared with water and tea, Fan Qi ranked first, and Zhongling Spring was rated as the first, so it is known as "the world". The reputation of "the first spring" has not faded since Tang Dynasty. Throughout the ages, why do people so desperately desire a piece of Zhongling spring water?It is because the real Zhongling spring water is extremely rare.The water of this spring was originally in the center of the turbulent river, and it was not easy to draw its water. "Jinshan Zhi" records: "Zhongling Spring is in the west of Jinshan, under Shidan Mountain, where the waves are the most dangerous." For these reasons, it is covered with a layer of mystery: it is said that the ancients drew water at a certain point. Time - "Meridian Erchen" means from 11:00 am to 1:00 pm in the daytime; from 23:00 to 1:00 am in the night, and special utensils - copper bottles or gourds are used. The rope must have a certain length and hang down into the Only in the grottoes can the real spring water be obtained. If it is shallow or deep or shifted one after another, if it is not as good as the law, it is not the real taste of Zhongling spring.No wonder that when Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, visited this spring, he left such a poem: "The water in the copper bottle is worrying, and the ninety old men of the tea mountain are not seen." Wen Tianxiang, a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem chanting springs: The first spring in the heart of the Yangtze River, Jin from the south came to the north to cast Wenyuan ③, the man cut the head of Loulan ④, and worshiped Yuxian ⑤ while drinking tea at leisure. In the past hundred years, due to the northward movement of the Yangtze River, the river beach on the south bank has continued to grow. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhongling Spring had been connected to the land, and the spring was completely exposed to the ground.Later generations built a stone fence square pool around the spring, a pavilion was built in the south of the pool, and a building was built in the north of the pool.Wang Renkan, a calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, wrote five vigorous and powerful characters of "the first spring in the world" and carved them on the stone railings, making this place an ancient and modern scenic spot in Zhenjiang. [Note] ①Wen Tianxiang 1236-1283: styled Lushan, styled Zongrui, self-named Wenshan, Jishui is now a native of Jiangxi.An outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.Baoyou Jinshi knows Ganzhou. At the beginning of Deyou's Yuan Dynasty, soldiers invaded. He donated his family property and led the rebel army to respond to King Qin and worship the prime minister.Later, he was defeated by the Yuan general Zhang Hongfan in the battle of the Yuan army. He was imprisoned in Yanjin Beijing for three years, but he was finally unyielding and was killed.Before his execution, he wrote "Song of Righteous Qi". ② Yi: An ancient unit of measurement, twenty-four taels is one Yi. ③ Zhu Wenyuan: Take the gold collected by Xia Yu from Kyushu to cast Jiuding, with the meaning of image and everything.In the poem, the poet seems to call on the Southern Song Dynasty regime to use the endowments from the people to protect and develop the long-standing national cultural heritage. ④ Loulan: The city-state of the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty, located in the west of Lop Nur, Xinjiang, on the passage to the Western Regions, and the ruins of the ancient city still exist today.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent envoys from the Western Regions to Dawan and other countries.Yuanfeng returned to Han in 108 three years ago.Later it was renamed Shanshan.In this poem, it refers to the Yuan soldiers who invaded the Central Plains. ⑤ Yuxian: Refers to Lu Yu.The poet said in this poem, I am willing to come here to talk about classics and taste tea after I have won the victory against foreign aggression. ⑥Wang Renkan: The year of birth and death is unknown.The word can be Zhuang, and the word forbearance.A native of Min County, Fujian Province.In the third year of Guangxu, he was a Jinshi in 1877, and he was awarded the Imperial Academy for editing and writing. He was officially the magistrate of Suzhou and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province. 4. Baotu Spring in Jinan—the No. 1 spring in the world. In the mirror of the painting pavilion, you can see it as a blessed land of gods flying outside the clouds, and you can write it as a clear sound of mountains and rivers——Shi Yunyu Baotu Spring, a waterfall, also known as Kanquan, was called in the Song Dynasty Baotu Spring.In Baotu Spring Park, south of Ximen Bridge, Jinan City, Shandong Province.To Jinan, known as the city of springs, there are four spring groups: Baotu Spring, Black Tiger Spring, Pearl Spring, and Wulongtan. Baotu Spring is the crown of 72 springs and one of the most famous springs in northern my country.It is the birthplace of ancient Luoshui.According to the "Spring and Autumn Annals", in 694 BC, Duke Huan of Lu "gathered the Marquis of Qi at Luo". ①, that is, here. Baotu Spring gushes out from the cracks in the underground karst caves. The three caves are concurrent, and the waves splash in all directions. The sound is like thunder, and the momentum is like a boiling. Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, said in "Shui Jing Zhu": "The source of the spring is vigorous, and the water is like a wheel." The spring pool is slightly square, covering an area of ​​mu, with stone fences built around it. There are three clear springs in the pool, gushing day and night, like three piles of white snow, and winter and summer as one, which is a spectacle.Because the water in the pool is clear and green, it is mellow and sweet, so it is the most suitable for cooking tea.Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty had a saying that "the taste of moist spring tea is more authentic". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty named it "the first spring in the world".In the north of the spring pool is the Luoyuan Hall, which was first built in the Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty.On the pillars in front of the hall, there is a couplet written by Zhao Mengyu, a calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty: Clouds and mist moisten and steam, Hua does not note ② The sound of waves shakes Daming Lake ③ There are several stone carvings of Yongquan since Ming and Qing Dynasties embedded on the wall of the backyard.In the southwest, there are "Guanlan Pavilion" of Ming Dynasty, "Baotu Spring" of Zhongli, "Guanlan" and "First Spring" and other stone monuments of Ming and Qing Dynasties. To the east of the pool is the Laihe Bridge, and a large area of ​​springs in the east of the bridge also flows into the pool, and there is a "Watching Crane Pavilion" teahouse on the water.Throughout the ages, people who have come to Jinan have all enjoyed the beautiful scenery of the spring city of "every family has spring water, every household has weeping willows", "lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, one city is full of mountains and half the city is lake".In the last year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, Shi Yunyu, who was then the inspector of Shandong Province, described Baotu Spring and other famous springs in the inscription at the head of the article in the "Jinan Baotu Spring Union" as the spiritual springs and blessed lands in the sky and on earth. , flying springs and flowing clouds, a school of fairy music and clear sound, it makes people feel a little magical and illusory.Only when the rhinoceros and the rhinoceros are in harmony can one appreciate the wonderful rhyme that is half world and half heaven, seemingly real and half illusory. [Note] ① Duke Huan of Lu "gathered the Marquis of Qi at Luo": In 694 BC, in the third year of King Zhouzhuang, Duke Huan of Lu and his wife Wen Jiang, the sister of Duke Xiang of Qi, came to the National Assembly of Qi for Duke Xiang of Qi.However, Duke Xiang of Qi had an affair with Wen Jiang, and Duke Huan of Lu scolded Wen Jiang when he learned about it.Wen Jiang told his brother about this, and Duke Xiang of Qi sent his son Peng Sheng to kill Duke Huan of Lu.Later, Peng Sheng was killed again in order to deceive others.Duke Xiang of Qi was killed by rebels around 686 BC in the eleventh year of King Zhouzhuang because he was not supported by the people of the country. ② Huabu Note: The name of the mountain, referred to as Huashan, also known as Jinyu Mountain.In the north of Licheng County, Shandong, northeast of Jinan City. ③ Daming Lake: In the north of the old city of Jinan City, the water surface is 46.5 hectares.Daming Lake began in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Liu Fenggao, a native of the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem about the lake that goes "lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, one city is full of mountains and half a city is lake".Daming Lake, with its beautiful scenery, is one of the tourist attractions in Quancheng. ④ Shi Yunyu: The word is Ziru, and the name is Zhuotang.A native of Wu County, Jiangsu Province.In the fifty-fifth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty, he was a Jinshi in 1790, and he was awarded the Imperial Academy for editing and writing, and he was sent to Shandong as an inspector.There are poetry collections handed down.