Chapter 7 The mission of literature

When reading the works of young people like Zhu Tianwen, Zhu Tianxin and Yuan Qiongqiong, the first impression is that they are brand new and very good.But there are several problems here: 1. Why is there such a good work in Taiwan at this time? 2. As far as the article is concerned, is it really self-sufficient? 3. What is the self-sufficiency of the article and its mission to the problems of the times? one The emergence of new literature in history is probably due to some great changes related to dynasties. For example, the Tang Dynasty was established in history, and the poems and proses of Li Bai and others appeared.Another example is the New Literature of the May Fourth Movement, which was born out of the New Culture Movement of the May Fourth Movement.But the literature in Taiwan today is just a spontaneous occurrence.

Take painting for example. Children between the ages of two and five are all geniuses in painting.Children's paintings are all brand new, not influenced by traditional techniques, and have no thought, but only natural interest, and this is no shortage.The youth literature in Taiwan today can also be compared to this.For example, when Zhu Tianwen and Zhu Tianxin were still in high school, the flowers of literature had already bloomed. When they went to university, they also studied English and History. They had no education in the Department of Literature, so they could write well. Such a great article.But the child's drawing talent is lost as he grows older.Previously, a group of 17-year-old literary geniuses in Taiwan were almost all under the age of 25.What is the future of Zhu Tianwen and the others today?That's different.People of the 17-year-old genius type have never grown in personality and knowledge.

A person with a natural interest is a genius. Everyone is a genius when they are young, and there are fewer geniuses when they grow up.But it is not impossible to maintain a person's natural interest for a long time, and the natural interest can last forever.The pottery used by ordinary people in good times in the past often amazes today's talented potters.In good times, when people's personality and knowledge are healthy, Tianqu can live forever, not limited to childhood.Writing is more visible.The handwriting written by children is good. It is impossible to still write like children when they grow up. But if it is a real calligrapher, although he can no longer write in children's handwriting, he can preserve the image in adult handwriting. The fun of childhood.And even if you are not a calligrapher, as long as your personality and knowledge are healthy, you can still have your own style even if you write in vulgar script or even the long-legged spider body as Zhu Tianxin said.For example, I have carefully studied the characters of Yasuko Chaishan, Xianfeng, Zhu Tianwen, Zhu Tianxin, and Yuan Qiongqiong, and I can see the benefits.

Only in bad times, when people's personality and knowledge have not grown, will they become boring after childhood and adolescence.At this time, we have to talk about genius, and only a very small number of geniuses are not subject to this restriction. Infancy is the beginning of an individual's life, and adolescence is the rebellious period of an individual's life. It can produce new expressions without external forces. This is the reason why Taiwan's new literature has naturally occurred today.But it is better to have the atmosphere of the times like Xinhai and May Fourth.Today, Zhu Tianwen and Zhu Tianxin do not wither at the age of seventeen, which can guarantee personal literary luck, but it is not enough to guarantee the country's literary luck.

In the past, there were Li Bai's articles, but they were not helpful to the current situation when the Kaiyuan rule turned into Tianbao Rebellion, there were Su Shi's articles, but they were not helpful to the Northern Song Dynasty, and then died in Jinbing, and the best period of Tang and Song poetry was passed. Literature is like flowers and plants, which bear witness to spring, but cannot guarantee it.Flowers and grass are only guaranteed in spring.The guarantee of cultural movement lies in the founding of the country, and the founding of the country is revolution. two What are the articles good for?

Cao Pi said that articles are the great cause of the founding of the country, but another said that the lack of people with articles and the rule of the country.Both are right.The combination of articles and rituals and music is of course the great cause of the founding of the country, but it is another matter for scholars of articles. Take ritual music as an example.Ritual and music are the same as the integration of sacrifice and government. The emperor has to manage sacrifices and government. It is impossible to perform the music by himself. The emperor only attends the ceremony when worshiping the Tiandi Ancestral Temple in the suburbs.It can also be compared with Christianity. Ordinary people cannot do spiritual things like pastors, because most people still want him to do secular things.Priests and pastors are professions, and scholars of articles are also professions. Priests, pastors, and scholars of articles are not enough to govern a country.

The emperor occasionally comes to host the sacrifice, and the ministers list the sacrifices, which wins, but the priests have countless scenery, and so do the articles.Liu Bang, Li Ling, and Cao Cao wrote one or two poems by chance, and all the people who wrote this article did it well. This also answers the questions of pure literature and so on and the popularization of literature. Pure literature is like priests and pastors who specialize in spiritual things.Chinese patriots don't like this very much, so they often deliberately belittle the status of literature, saying: "Articles are trivial."Japan's Shinran sect even opposes pure religion, and practices monks marrying wives and eating meat.

three In Zhu Tianxin's articles, she sees that everything is good, and she is happy about people, things, things, the weather and the streets of Taipei City.Crying is like the brightness of a thunderstorm. It is so interesting to live in this world, so those who concentrate and sincerely are always not enough to play and sing enough.And like Liang Xiaoqi and the boy in "Days on the Ark", every movement, every expression is extremely noble, refined, and beautiful, but even noble, refined, beautiful, and big, these There are no words yet. Modern society and young men and women are becoming vulgar and deteriorating, and human history is collapsing. However, Zhu Tianxin is like a child. Nothing in the world is unclean in the eyes of a child. The water is also bright.This is where literature and revolution intersect.Revolution is the apotheosis of history, and to remove bad luck and impurity, so is literature. (I love 禊祓, better than atonement.)

Gang Jie said that "nature is kind." I like that his statement does not follow Mencius' "nature is good", nor does it follow what I said about the will of nature, but is consistent.I think this kindness of nature is better than saying love.This kind of kindness and joy to everyone and everything is the most basic mood of a literary scholar. There is a sentence in Qian Hexagram of the Book of Changes that says "the civilization of the world", and another sentence that says "the sage comes out and sees everything". Literary scholars use their own light to illuminate the world, and they can see everything as it is.

In this way, you may be deceived and what you write does not match the facts, but even if it is wrong, it is still good.Even if the world is false, my heart is true.For example, many emperors in the Northern and Southern Dynasties were foolish emperors, but the abdication edicts and tables, enthronement odes, and mourning books written by literati are still valuable as long as they are written sincerely. Life and death.Another example is that the left-leaning youths before and after the Northern Expedition worshiped Lenin and Stalin extremely. Although the object of worship was wrong, it was still a rare kindness.

So there are good and bad in literature besides right and wrong. Twenty years ago, no one in Japan talked about public hazards. I still had good intentions when I walked on the national highway with the noise and exhaust gas of cars and large trucks. Thinking about it now, it is like walking in hell.There was also a drink shop on a deserted street corner under the sun on a hot summer day, and I ordered a glass of chemically dyed red shaved ice. I saw the girl next to me eating it, and I ate it boldly. Zhu Tianxin's "Days on the Ark" is like a Zen monk talking about where this place is, talking about right and wrong, that is, you can't be stingy. Four In previous years, Eileen Chang lived in an apartment on Hede Road in Shanghai. In her article, she wrote about watching the street and trams coming and going from the balcony.Because she writes so well, I regard this place as a holy place, and I just feel that I can't change her residence and daily life.But apartment houses are not as good as serious Chinese mansions, and the status quo in Shanghai is not sustainable. After Shanghai fell, Zhang Ailing still left. It was my stinginess to think that her residence and daily life could not be changed.After reading "Days on the Ark" today, I warned myself not to be stingy about good things, but to keep them.Zhu Tianxin's articles are eternal, but the fact that the vulgarity between men and women in today's society has deteriorated and is collapsing cannot be put aside.Contrary to anger, forgiveness by Qianxi is also not acceptable.Zhu Tianwen gave me a colorful corner ball that she folded with a plastic straw when she was a child. I cherish it and hang it on the bookshelf, but I still think it would be better to weave it with straw or silk or paper. Su Shi and Zhang Dun were close friends at the beginning, and they were both young. Later, Zhang Dun was a tangerine, but framed Su Shi, and the poems that Su Shi gave to Zhang Dun in the past are still collected in the collection.I also have gift poems for people who later found out that they weren't worth it, but what I wrote in that poem is still true.In the future, Zhu Tianxin will find that some of her former classmates are not the same, but what she wrote in the article today is still true. The indiscriminate kindness towards the world, things and things in "Days on the Ark" and "Song of Chi Rang", and Zhu Tianwen's "Qing Qing Zi Jin" are the absolute realm of literature. Fives Eileen Chang is different. Zhang Ailing's article has a keen impeachment of modern society.But she likes the modern society, so she is very clear, but the foundation is still indiscriminate kindness.Comparable to beautify villains in Ping dramas.This is indiscriminate goodwill.In Yuqiao's gossip, with regard to the previous dynasty, the problems of the past have become a thing of the past, and the only thing left is this indiscriminate goodwill.Right and wrong are the waves of the same sea, but there are waves that are more splashing and realistic.Most of the new literature that emerged as a result of major historical actions, such as the May 4th Movement, has opinions about the current society, such as overthrowing the old ethics and wanting Western culture.Today's naturally occurring new literature in Taiwan is almost indifferent to society.New literature that occurs naturally like this is rare in history. But the Taiwanese new literature I am talking about has nothing to do with the school of Yan Yuanshu Yu Guangzhong.I once flipped through the novels of Ji Ji and Xin Dai, and I only felt that it was about enjoying youth and enjoying the present society, but because you are young, enjoying yourself is also pure, auspicious and healthy.But then I felt that the reality of society was not so fun anymore, and I was not young anymore, and my sentiment gradually lost the Qingji health before, so maybe I became greedy, I just want it, I want it again.Or maybe I feel that I am not good enough, so I rush to learn some methods and concepts of Western literature to support myself, but what I write is not as good as before.This is the end of the seventeen-year-old type. Zhu Tianwen and others are also naturally occurring literature, but they are different from them in that, firstly, they are different in genius, secondly, they have a different foundation in life, and thirdly, their methods of learning are different. Even so, "Days on the Ark" and "Song of Chi Rang" can be compared to the first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, and there are still more to be written.According to the article, Dream of the Red Chamber has the first eighty chapters, which is complete, but as far as its author is concerned, he still has to write it down.Zhu Tianxin's two works have provided readers with the highest personality and sentiment towards people and things, which is enough for you to make a revolution or do any major event, and it is also complete in terms of articles.It makes your life interesting as a human being.But Zhu Tianxin still has different scenes to write in the future, this is a pass, and it is not easy to pass. In a few years, all of Zhu Tianxin's classmates at Beiyi Girl will be employed, some will get married, and a few years later, they will hold a class reunion. When they meet, they will all become vulgar and indifferent, like eighty chapters of a dream of Red Mansions. The last chapter is "Sick God Ying Tears Shed Lovesickness", the girls of the past are all married, and some are dead.At this time, how would you write to your former classmates who have become so mediocre?This is not enough to say "the past is like a dream".In the past, you lived and died with them, but now they are different, and you are still the old you. Do you look at them today with the attitude of a bystander?But although they have become indifferent, there is still yourself in them.Are you like a god, looking at them in reality and also looking at yourself? When you were with them before, you were actually higher than them, but now you are really higher than them, and you are still a peer.The first 80 chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions are about myself, and the last forty chapters are when the author becomes like a bystander writing about other people’s affairs. Here I found that I have encountered a deep problem in the article. I used to pass it unknowingly. Understand.In the forty chapters after Dream of the Red Chamber, the author did not do a good job on this point. "Days on the Ark" and "Kirang Song" are eternal, but now you can no longer play with them like you used to.It's the same with the boys of the past, they can't play with you anymore.In the past, everyone was young, and everyone was with the sky and God, so you and those girls and boys are like one person, but now you have left God, and it is only you and these people.In the past, you unconsciously wrote about God’s manifestations and God’s words, but now what kind of language do you use and what phenomenon do you write about? For example, today’s Japanese writers who write historical novels, autobiographical novels, the scene before them, and record novels about the atomic bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki all fail at this point.Even the last forty chapters of Dream of the Red Chamber were troubled by this point, not to mention failure, but also frustration.But how will Zhu Tianxin break through this barrier in the future? six What is written in the article is the manifestation of God, and the words used are the words of God.Like Zhu Tianxin is a child, the articles she writes are God playing with her.But when it comes to being a writer, there is a problem.People today say they are used to being writers, but what is a writer? In China, rites and music articles have always been the affairs of scholars. The origin of scholars is the priest. The articles belong to Taishi. , Taishi holds a brief book to follow, and if the army is defeated and the country dies, he will die. The most important part of the article is history, because history is the language of God manifested in the way of heaven, human affairs and a nation. If you are not a scholar, a royal official, and has nothing to do with God, you are not worthy to do it. Therefore, when Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Period, he paid great attention to whether he had this qualification.Outside of history, poetry belongs to the music of ritual and music, and it is also administered by royal officials. The royal officials who integrate worship and government all have the taste of priests, although China is not a religion.Both Kings and Psalms of the Israelites are included in the Bible, which is connected with this. Scholars come from royal officials, so scholars have always regarded articles with dignity, and they are not qualified to write with the qualifications of so-called writers today.A writer is only an entertainer. China has always only allowed potters, painters, sculptors, actors, etc. to be a job, the so-called life.The status of scholars of articles is also listed on the same level as sculptors and actors.You are not a scholar, that is, you are not in front of God, that is, you are not qualified to write articles for rituals and music.In the past, the Catholic Church only allowed priests to read the Bible. This is also a question of qualifications.China has scholars rather than religion, and the significance of this qualification issue is easier to understand.The West was later the qualification of Marx's class of literary scholars, which is useless.The qualifications of an author are only the qualifications before God.Tolstoy noticed this in his later years, but it is not good if this remark is stained with religion. Words and writings are God.I prefer the classic Vedas and Brahmans of ancient India, and I think they are less religious than the Bible and priests of the Israelites.The modern Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore's treatment of God is also better than Tolstoy's.But Chinese poets talk about immortality. I am a writer and artist, and I treat the characters I describe with the attitude of a writer and artist. I usually don’t think there is something wrong with this kind of speech. Now we are discussing how Zhu Tianxin will write in the future, such as writing the Dream of Red Mansions after eighty chapters , Only then did I clearly feel the problem of God.Only then did I suddenly realize how superficial the attitude of writers and artists is. seven Zhu Tian's heart is Wang Feng's literature. The teaching method of the Chinese teacher in "Ki Rang Song" is not suitable for her, and she also respects and loves that teacher.Mathematics is what she gave up, and she also thinks mathematics is great.Her temperament can't handle the passionate love of her sister, but when she heard her sister say "you don't understand", she immediately admitted that love is harder than the exam and greater than mathematics. She thinks that the world is good. In "Days on the Ark", the boy kicked the empty cans on the road for fun. When dancing with Liang Xiaoqi, he held her chin and kissed her mouth. However, the boys and girls are very natural, and they are modern. The format, but it has been like this throughout the ages, so good that there is no holy name yet. However, Zhu Tianwen said that Zhu Tianxin also had a strong dislike for things that she disapproved of.Her mother, Mrs. Musha, I also heard from her that Zhu Tianxin sympathized with this person and hated that person, and she did it face to face.In the future, Zhu Tianxin's literature will open to a world where right and wrong are clearly distinguished.Perhaps she can also write a four-year diary of National Taiwan University, which is a continuation of the three-year diary of a girl in Beibei, but it can't be a repetition.It may be generally Wang Feng's, but it must be different.After leaving school, I have to write about all kinds of injustices in adult society, and make it clear what is right and what is wrong.This is not to say that what I have written before is only incomplete in the world of childhood, it is already quite complete.It does not mean that Wang Feng should be put away, such as childlike innocence. Childlike innocence and Wang Feng will always be the style of revolution and the basic style of literature, even though it is writing about a world where right and wrong are clearly distinguished.Literature is just like practice, and Zhu Tianxin still has practice behind him.What I will write later is that the revolution that Mr. Sun said has not yet succeeded. Take the current events as an example, such as some cultural people attacked me in the past, Zhu Xining was with me under the torrent, although Zhu Tianwen and Zhu Tianxin were angry, but they were still young.In a scene similar to this, Zhu Tianwen and Zhu Tianxin will face it head-on in the future. This is the training for you as a human being.Here is firstly insight, secondly is tolerance, and then there is vow, which together is an enlightenment, the suddenness of revolution. People attack me with the national righteousness of the anti-Japanese movement. This is a matter of people's knowledge and tolerance. Compared with grief and anger, you should first like your own knowledge and tolerance to be different from theirs. This is to cloud your emotions. It is the first step to get over the intellectual life and make yourself feel refreshed.Then pay attention to see if this phenomenon is related to the current situation, you will be able to get out of your personal unhappiness, and you will be able to open your mind a little bit.This also helps you understand the situation, measure whether you can fight or not, and sometimes you have to learn from Han Xin.You can imagine the expression on Han Xin's face when he was stopped by hooligans in Huaiyin City and felt kind.Mr. Zhu was the one who accompanied me to be directly impacted by the torrent. He had a saying: Prophets have always been persecuted.When he said that, he and I were already at peace.The way of heaven is serious but child's play. If it weren't for the persecution of those people, I would not have come to Jingmei to give a lecture on the Book of Changes for half a year, and I would not have written "Zen is a flower" ( Bi Yan Lu Xin Yu).Nor would I watch the epiphyllum bloom with the Zhu family in that yard on a summer night.There will be no Yuan Qiongqiong who has attended the I Ching lectures.Or maybe there will be no later "three three".It was they who kicked me out of Huagang, so I could only go to a small street in Jingmei, and bought a ballpoint pen to coax Zhu Tianxin to write "Ki Rang Song" again.I also wrote a preface to Zhu Tianwen and the others.The failure of the way of heaven is success. I like the sentence written by Cao Cao in Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "The ancients did everything on purpose, and everything was lonely and prosperous." If Zhu Tianxin wrote this scene, it would still have Wang Feng. I feel anxious about myself, not dissatisfied with myself.I don't mean to be an enemy of those people, and I don't hate them, but I don't forgive them for what they did.My state of mind has arrived like the selflessness of heaven, and everything comes down to the destruction and creation of the world. "Days on the Ark" and "Ji Rang Song" are literature praised by human beings and gods, but Zhu Tianxin will write about the way of heaven and human affairs in the future.If you don't know the way of heaven, you don't know the revolution.This also opened up a new realm in terms of literature.A few years from now, today's evil people and evil deeds will all be a thing of the past. What people care about in the past, our attitude towards evil people and evil deeds, personal unhappiness, group hatred, and artificial class hostility, will be written in literature. How petty and vulgar it is, you can tell if it can't be included in the gossip of fishermen and woodcutters. Literature in a new realm, even though it deals with evil people and evil things, does not lose its sense of fun. In this way, it is written about the Sino-Japanese War, about the overthrow of the CCP, and the restoration of the mainland. Quick, sweet and astringent, hot and cold, sour and sour love can still be communicated in the pure, joyful and indiscriminate absolute state in "Life on the Ark" and "Ji Rang Song".Articles are the most difficult to write about good and evil.This time I happened to read Lin Yutang's "Biography of Su Dongpo", and I felt that no one can write about someone who is taller than himself.Su Shi and Wang Anshi are political enemies, and they both have a good demeanor when they meet.In Lin Yutang's article, Su Dongpo himself hated Wang Anshi even more than the person involved.Su and Wang respected each other, but Lin Yutang wrote Wang Anshi so boringly, and even knowingly made improper choices of historical materials.He praised Su Dongpo, but Su Dongpo liked the auspicious omens of birds flying in Hainan, so he didn't record them.He wrote about Chaoyun, but he didn't record his high affection for Su Dongpo and Chaoyun to the point where he was aware of life and death.Lin Yutang's vulgarity is that he is completely ignorant of the word "Tiandao" of "Tiandao" and "Tiandao". Since the Republic of China, the new literature of the May Fourth Movement has been gratifying. Even if the young people at that time fought against the old ethics, even if they made mistakes in some places, they still had a good time. A little scenery.The CCP did not leave any literature behind after such a big fight, because those who only know how to write about fights do not know that there is still a day when they are not fighting when they write.Here I think that we must first get rid of Western culture in literature.Chinese literature has always had a word for heaven. Mao Zedong has Qinhuangdao sea view poems, but they are not as good as Qin Shihuang's Yishan inscribed stone edict, and they are not far behind Wei Wudi Cao Cao's sea view poems.I traveled to Oarai Isobe, Japan, and I also wrote a poem: Waves have been beaten for thousands of years, things have gone against their hearts, and they have returned to early spring, cherishing spring clothes I look at the sea with the first emperor, and the fairy in the sea laughs The way of heaven is above right and wrong, and personnel affairs still do not forgive the Communist Party.In Chinese literature, we are accustomed to talking about heaven, and talking about immortals is better than talking about gods.Because God is easily said to be more realistic than man. "Days on the Ark" and "Ji Rang Song" are literature without right and wrong, no enemies, and no love, but literature with right and wrong, enemies and love must still be related to it in terms of temperament met. Love in Chinese literature used to be a realm of reality, high and broad, but now people who study Western culture narrow it down, and can only participate in dramas, not Pingju dramas.Zhu Tianxin said that it depends on how she writes if she wants to fall in love with her heartily. Eight They attacked Hu Shi, saying that he had done nothing to promote the vernacular, attacked Liu Dazhong, attacked Lin Yutang, and then attacked me. This kind of chaos really makes people miss the order of a peaceful world.Looking at the fight against the law in the mainland common area, it makes people miss the order of a peaceful world.In this way, there are many things and many things that have to be rethought.For example, Xiao Xia in "Ki Rang Song" wears a skirt that blows round in the wind, an open top that fills his chest with the wind, and jeans that Joe wears, standing on a basketball Fields, that kind of good way, are all personal, and if it is a peaceful era, there must be the majesty and quiet clothing style of an era, not personal.Such as the clothes of the Tang and Ming dynasties.No matter how personal design can not have the great stability of an era, the great romantic beauty of an era. The same is true for music. Playing the guitar, singing and dancing is also good, but it depends on the individual. There are strict restrictions on youth. think.Xianzhi loved watching movies in the early days, and said that movies are also very interesting. Later, she started to read books, read Zhuangzi, read novels such as Journey to the West: A Dream of Red Mansions, Ping Opera, and Kunqu Opera, and she knew that movies were not very interesting. The stages and outfits in "Days on the Ark" and "Ji Rang Song" can all be changed as new plays are performed in the future.The things we use must have the majesty of an era, born in the order of the Qingping world, not those of chaotic and unstable personal tastes. The same is true for the content of the article. What is written in "Days on the Ark" and "Ji Rang Song" is the unreserved love of youth, but it is naturally restricted, like a flower that has fully bloomed, instead of destroying the outline of the petals, unreserved and unreserved. Conditioning turns out to be the same thing.But in the future, I will write about the difficult things in the adult society, write about "the world is very dangerous" sung by Jiao Guiying, and write about the decline and rebirth of a world. If you have the ability, you must be able to write the affection of a generation without reservation. It will not be written as "Diary of a Madman" or perverted lust in a cannibalistic society.Because although the world is chaotic, the author has a peaceful world order in his heart. This is the ancient memory of civilization, and it is also the prototype of the new era to be built today. I occasionally write letters to people I like, and I am told that my letters are not close.I don't know if I am not close to Zhu Tianwen or Zhu Tianxin.Yuan Mei blamed Su Shi for his lack of love, but Su Shi was released and demoted to Huangzhou when he visited Jingju Temple in his poems: Jishou two-legged statue, raised his head and waved his tears, Lingshan will be lost, and the eight parts will still be glorious, I wish to go with the two saints and wash away the sins of a thousand kalpas. He is like seeing his relatives after suffering.And my worries are far greater than Su Shi's. If I see my mother or sister, if I have a sister, I will be gentle and polite, and I will not cry. Not only is there no intimacy, but it seems to be insincere.In fact, Su Shi Yu Chaoyun also said that "everything should be done with courtesy" and he would not say intimate words.It is only normal for husband and wife to respect each other as guests, and it is more important to know this language after suffering.Previously, I only knew that the phrase "the world is not benevolent" was very big, and it was about the destruction of the world in history. This time, because Yuan Qiongqiong mentioned it, I realized that there is another phrase "the most human beings are not close" which turns all sorrows into human beings. It's correct and clear. It turns out that such things as etiquette, we usually only regard the form as more than the sentiment, and we practice it when life is good, but it can imply how important the situation is and how powerful the affection is without reservation. It is the unreserved and restricted affection. the natural order of oneness.Now when we talk about literary creation, we need to know that there is an order in this peaceful world, and here sentiment has become intellectual.Knowing this is enough for you to write about any important, complex and exciting facts in literature, and you can always have room for scenes and emotions, as Yuan Qiongqiong said, "When you are single, you are the most delicate, a woman's single." Nine The rise of new literature in history was mostly stimulated by new discoveries in nature. New discoveries in astronomy and physics gave rise to new admiration for the natural world, which was the beginning of a new thought and a new literature.Because the improvement of the natural world has caused a re-examination of the principles and thinking methods of civilization, so new literature must go hand in hand with new ideas.When I was in elementary school, the May 4th Movement started. I went back to the countryside during the summer vacation. I spent the evening enjoying the shade under the eaves. I listened to my cousin in middle school explaining the Western science of how many light-years away the stars are. I looked up at the starry sky. Such aspirations cannot fulfill the ambitions of the new era.Not long after that, Einstein's theory of relativity swept the whole world, and it was completely intellectual.If there is no intellectual wind like this in history, there can be no new literature. The literature beginning in the new era is mostly theoretical. For example, Chu Ci and Han Fu were preceded by the thesis of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Those thesis were reexamination of the principles of nature and human affairs.The new literature at that time was all theoretical, such as the ending of the Han Fu, which always had to talk about the principles of governing the world.The Shi Ji writes about Xiang Yu's Benji and Gao Zu's Benji, which also appeal to the readers' intellect, not their emotions. Those with low levels like Xiang Yu, and those with high levels know that Liu Bang is good at Xiang Yu. In the Six Dynasties, the introduction of Buddhism was the most prosperous. Seng Zhao Zhiyi and others were also first intellectually interested and theorized, and then Buddhist thought became a new sentiment in Chinese literature.There were Nestorian monuments in the Christian Tang Dynasty, but Christianity rejected the theory, so it could not enter Chinese literature.At that time, China accepted all cultural relics from the Western Regions.Things from Rome were also imported, and the orchids who sold wine wore Roman beads, but they were not used in Roman ideology and music.The music of Rome was considered only one of the jugglers at the Fair of Lights.At that time, China was superior to Rome in mathematics and physics, and Rome's thought and art were comparable to those in China, and blood transfusions were not allowed.Indians have the same blood type as Chinese.It is also a bit like a distant relative with Greece. The May Fourth Movement was in contact with the Greek spirit, so it was beneficial.But then it was of the Roman type.Western astronomy and physics are worldwide and are not limited by blood type. If Japan has caught up with Western ones, it will not be difficult for us to catch up.However, Western philosophy and literature are different from our blood types, and blood transfusions are not allowed.The poorest thing today is theory.What is most lacking in literature today is intelligence.The literature of the French Revolution was preceded by the theoretical writings of Voltaire and others, and the May Fourth literature was also preceded by the theoretical writings of Hu Shi and Zhou Zuoren. Essays, we can see how people at that time needed literature that talked about ideas and theories.When you look at literary and artistic works, you look at a work that has already been created, but theoretical literature teaches you to open up the world and create works by yourself, not limited to literature and art.It is for this reason that whenever a new era begins in history, theoretical writing takes the lead.And so a good theoretical essay must be read by others.Stimulation is emotional, while development is intellectual. When we are doing the new literature movement today, we still need theoretical articles. Although the creation of novels must also be intellectual.For example, Zhang Ailing's works are intellectual.Those that have always been popular all over the world, such as Su Shi's poems and novels such as Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, and Dream of Red Mansions, all have an intellectual light.Intellect is the complete combustion of emotion, and at this moment there is only a white light.However, many exciting and stimulating literatures are incomplete combustion of emotions, so they emit smoke and poisonous gas, choke people's throats, and arouse tears.Intellect is joy, even tears have a kind of joy. The revolution taught by Mr. Sun is to go through politics, but its starting point is to look forward to a big ideal, that is, a new understanding of nature and a new understanding of life, a comprehensive treatment of daily life, people have fresh sentiments, There is a fresh meaning to things.It is cosmopolitan, but also has a national personality.Through the political revolution is to achieve this.Therefore, the new revolutionary literature is also doomed from the beginning to be intellectual. People today think that theoretical essays are not literature, and this idea needs to be changed first.Furthermore, I think that novels are realistic and irresponsible, and this concept must be changed. Literature is about writing about things that can be cherished. "Days on the Ark", "Ji Rang Song" and "Qing Qing Zi Jin" make people read and find that there are still many things that can be cherished today.But the precious thing in life is that when a man's chin touches a girl's forehead hair in a crowded bus, he will feel that it is a fate for him.Unfortunately, it feels indifferent now.In a newly built residential village, it was around 9:00 in the morning, and the men had all gone to work. A young woman from a family was cleaning the room, with the lattice door of paper barriers open, drying cotton quilts in the sun in front of the eaves, and saw me when she looked up. Passing by on the road in front of the door was a stranger who also bowed and said "good morning" with a smile.This can be said to be ancient, but it is as fresh as the morning sun.The morning after the Qixi Festival in Fusheng City, I picked up a women's handkerchief on the road while walking, and put it on the table in front of the god in the temple.In the past, people in the Yuan Dynasty picked up the left handkerchief and pendant, and they had so much reverie, but the things of modern women make people feel uneasy, so they have to let the gods cleanse them.In the past, everything in the human world was precious, but now it is necessary to save it with revolution.Christianity talks about redemption, Buddhism talks about salvation, and China talks about cleaning up, like people dust off the house on New Year's Eve, move out the sacrificial vessels, tables and chairs, wipe and wash them, so that they are all new for the new year.Another example is that Wang Xi’s group gathered at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji on March 3rd. What the Chinese still have that Westerners do not have is their perception of world changes.I can't remember who it was in the Zuo Zhuan. He saw someone who was sacrificed in the wild among Yiluo, and said, "In less than ten years, this place will be called Rong? I will call it Zuoqian." Later, it was indeed Rongdi who invaded. Duke Huan of Qi should use Guan Zhong to respect the king and fight against the barbarians.This kind of foreknowledge actually comes from the earlier integration of priesthood and government.Western religions also have prophets, but Chinese religions do not fall behind, and they perceive directly from the way of heaven and human affairs.And all the people in China have this perception. India talks about the catastrophe of the world, and Christianity talks about the end of the world, but China talks about the word "machine" in the Book of Changes, which says "walking through the frost and the ice to the end".There are spring, summer, autumn and winter in a year, and there are also seasons of ups and downs in history.Most ancient peoples in the world have bone divination and astrology, while Chinese divination and night sky observation are only based on excitement, like the wind passing through the water, "revealing the microwave to make a statement", and it is only this kind of perception of the times, so He also said, "The Way of Heaven is faint and unspeakable."This is the most charming, and the way of heaven is also like a girl's speech, which seems to be true and false, not superstitious.The Chinese people's perception of the signs of changes in the times is related to the unique civil uprising in Chinese history, and it also gives Chinese literature another realm. For the perception of changes in the times, there are nursery rhymes and prophecies in folk literature, and gossip about fishermen and woodcutters.In scholars' literature, most of the poems talk about the vicissitudes of life, and the words have waves washing the sand.劉禹錫的六朝懷古詩的「金陵王氣黯然終」，與姜白石的詞裏的寫靖康金兵陷汴京，徽欽二帝被俘，宗室遷都臨安，「追想當年事，殆天意，非人力。」元明曲如長生殿裏安祿山亂後李龜年的唱詞十分悲壯，與桃花扇裏清兵南下，史可法在揚州兵敗的激烈盡忠，皆有一種「天意如此」的蒼涼。一部三國演義若去了天意二字就沒有歷史人事的風姿了。拜倫的哀希臘詩，與吉朋的羅馬帝國興亡史，皆沒有天意，只見是人事的狹塞。希臘荷馬史詩裏是有神意，而無中國說的天意，所以荷馬史詩裏的亦只見是人事的狹塞。馬克斯講資本主義沒落，但是亦不知尚有天意。所以他推斷的不準。 中國民間的想法是個人的小事亦有著個天意，人事是非分明，而天意則在是非之初，充滿了未知與創造性。我們的新文學運動就是要脫離追從西洋文學的無知，再開中國文學的天意人事的領域，不要單曉得時髦，即要曉得時代。要學孫先生的革命是革的天命與世運，使中國與世界的歷史又有一飛躍。對時代的敏感在文學裏是知性最高的一面，其實今天應當有人寫一部民國史，要寫得像史記一樣的好文章。 我們當前的目標還是在反共，光復大陸。但這必定要有思想。最近看了夏之炎的「北京最寒冷的冬天」與「絕對零度下的鋼」，暴露大陸現狀，很是難得，但是作者所希望的只是民主的社會主義，根本上他並沒有否定共產，可見大陸上今日思想的貧薄，所以這兩部著作並不能讀了使人興起。從革命的意義來看，還是張愛玲的「赤地之戀」第一，陳若曦的「尹縣長」第二，夏之炎的這兩部著作只可當作資料。 真真天才的作品雖然不到思想，它亦是革命的，像張愛玲的「赤地之戀」與「年輕的時候」，像朱天文的「青青子衿」與朱天心的「擊壤歌」，甚至看起來似乎與革命無關。因為文學是只要寫了革命的感，不必寫革命的思想，亦可以是完全的。但是若要造成一個時代的革命氣候，則必定要講思想，所以還要有理論文。 為達成孫先生交下來的革命，我們今日須要有像反秦朝的劉邦，討平黃巾賊的曹操的天啟英雄，與張良、韓信、王猛、崔浩這樣知道世界形勢的智略之士。但是有潮纔能有潮頭，歷史上這樣的人才是只有在時代的新節氣中纔能出生，像竹筍的在時令節氣中纔能茁出來，而醞釀時代的新節氣的則是革命的思想運動。 文章與英雄都如花，我們要來醞釀節氣。 丁巳年（編按、民國六十六年）八月