Chapter 6 Literature and luck of the times-2

Wang Meng no longer has any hope for the Southern Dynasty, but he is still eager.Neither Wang Meng nor Cui Hao asked their master to use troops against the Southern Dynasties.The Empress Dowager Civilization brought the young Emperor Xiaowen by her side, established Pingcheng as her capital, and refused to move south to Luoyang, in order to keep the power of Tuoba Wei from approaching the Southern Dynasty.The civilized Empress Dowager and Emperor Xiaowen visited Gao Yun with courtesy, persuaded to cultivate mulberry, build schools, and equalize the fields. They did so practically, so that the Han civilization still exists.They all have a strong sense of Han nationality. Cui Hao supervised the national history of Tuoba Wei and was killed by Emperor Daowu because of his national consciousness.

The Empress of Civilization was beautiful, young, educated, loved and revered by her heroic husband.Husband died, she was the queen mother, she was only in her twenties, and the heir was the son of his ex-wife, she looked like a flower of Gaoling.Sijun is also a young hero, who has personally led troops out of the Great Wall to fight against the barbarians such as Zhuzhu for years, and rarely returns to Pingcheng, in order to avoid meeting her.Because according to the customs of the Hu people, the father died, and the wife followed the stepmother, but the empress of civilization categorically showed the majesty of the etiquette of the Han nationality.

If Wang Meng and Cui Hao hadn't used the barbarians to control the barbarians and did the basic work of unifying the Hu people, the unification of the world in the Sui and Tang Dynasties would not have come so quickly.There is also the land equalization system that the civilized empress dowager discontinued, which opened up the industrial prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. If there is no civilized empress dowager, there will be no Li Bai.Even the Taika Reform in later generations of Japan followed the example of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Nara Dynasty also called the new capital Heijo.But do they know the name of the civilized empress dowager?

This young empress dowager also fell in love with Li Chong back then.Li Chong is a honest and upright person, and his talent and knowledge can be seen from his command and construction of Pingcheng.The women of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties are like the little shrimps in "Song of the Earth", with a very open attitude towards men.Later, her great-granddaughter-in-law, Empress Dowager Hu, was nicknamed Yang Baihua, and Wu Zetian favored Zhang Changzong in the Tang Dynasty, but the Empress Dowager Civilization was different from them.Empress Dowager Hu worshiped Buddhism, but empress dowager Hu rarely went to Buddhist temples. She lived a frugal life, but she had a kind of majesty.Li Chong became ill because he learned that his younger brother had accepted bribes of 20 taels of silver, so he was enraged and died early. I checked the history again, and it turned out that Li Chong was the grandfather of Li Yuan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and the great ancestor of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin.Afterwards, the Empress Dowager Wenming also loved one or two other courtiers, all of whom were characters, with their own status, not relying on the Empress Dowager, and the Empress Dowager did not reward her, it was not a favor, but Qingping's love.Empress Dowager Wenming was forty-nine years old when she died. Her grandson, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was a wise emperor in history.

The Northern Wei Dynasty was the most prosperous period from Emperor Taiwu to Emperor Xiaowen. When the civilized empress dowager was alive, every New Year's celebration, foreign countries outside the Great Wall and the Western Regions would come to the court to contribute dances and music. And as the queen mother, she was served by Emperor Xiaowen and received tribute.The cheers, dances and music of the people are all due to her and the young emperor. There is a kind of prosperity in the world, and this prosperity is also created by her participation. In the Tianwen article, Tian is drinking water, and the sound can be heard.

Later, the literature of the Northern Dynasties surpassed that of the Southern Dynasties.The Southern Dynasties entertained the envoys of the Northern Dynasties and asked them to compose poems. There is a sentence "When a man returns to the back of the wild goose, his thoughts are before the flowers", the southerners did not dare to take it lightly.And when Yu Xin went to the south of the Yangtze River to serve as an official, the powerful articles were only in the north. When we read the literature of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, we read the minds of the people at that time, especially those from the north.Back then, they were open-minded about the Huayi incident, and they had something in their hearts.Talents like Wang Meng, Cui Hao, and Gao Yun's ingenuity, scheming, and honesty are not inferior to Zhang Liang, Han Xin, and Xiao He. They are all talents that can only come out when God's will opens a new era of luck in history, such as the Empress Dowager of Civilization Clean and frugal, vast and majestic.

But things that are too big and too real are difficult to know. Wei Shu has criticisms against the empress of civilization.In addition, Wei Shu was together with the Northern History, and the Southern History was also searched out. Wei Zheng was ordered to supervise it in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, and it may not have been seen by people until the Kaiyuan period. Therefore, Li Bai’s poems are not as good as Cui Hao, otherwise he must like Cui Hao’s .In Li Bai's poems, Wang Meng is praised, because Wang Meng is related to Jin Shu.It wasn't until Li Shangyin began to sing about the Empress Chen and the affairs of the Northern Qi Palace, which means that the history of the South and the History of the North are already after Li Du.And Li Shangyin can only sing about the palace affairs of the year.Later generations came to the literati of the Song Dynasty, and they were farther away from the Northern Dynasty in sentiment. Su Shi was the same, let alone others.

Calligraphy in the Northern Wei Dynasty has more creative changes than that in the Southern Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's collection of ancient records contains many inscriptions of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but he doesn't know how good his calligraphy is at all.He did the same for the characters of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The luck of articles in the Western Han Dynasty came from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, and the luck of articles in the prosperous Tang Dynasty came from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Therefore, the articles of the Western Han Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty have such greatness, not later, although the articles of the Northern Song Dynasty It's too late.

The best poet in the Tang Dynasty is Li Bai. Li Bai's poems are the Yuefu of the prosperous Tang Dynasty formed by inheriting the Western Han Dynasty and combining the Southern and Northern Dynasties.Although he has never studied the characters and history of the Northern Dynasties, he enjoys the dance music of the Northern Dynasties, including Hu Yue from the Western Regions. At the banquet, he got drunk and danced by himself. Most of his poems use music as the title, such as " "Qinghai Wave" and "Wuqi Song".Wuqi Qu, Cailian Qu, etc. are from the south of the Yangtze River. Li Bai probably just read them and didn't dance them himself.Most of his dances are from the north, and there are many other dances besides Qinghai wave.

It turns out that poetry and music are one, and there is no poem in the Book of Songs that is not music. Confucius said that studying rites and poetry is learning rites and music.It was only in later generations that there was a distinction between Yuefu poems and non-Yuefu poems, and gradually non-Yuefu poems became the main body of poetry.However, it is true that poetry is music in ritual and music articles, so the articles have a tone, and the poems need to be recited, not all of them must be composed into dance music.Music lies in willingness, not necessarily in music.Comparing Li Bai's words with Du Fu's poems, Li Bai's Yuefu poems are several times more.And Li Bai's non-Yuefu poems are also full of joy.Like Li Bai's poems, Zhu Tianxin's "Jiyang Song" is soaring.With this explanation, we can understand the greatness of Li Bai's poems, first of all, lies in the fact that poetry is music.

Li Bai was the first to combine the literature of scholars with the literature of the people. Many dances and music that Li Bai likes are from the folk in the north and south of the Yangtze River, not the music of suburban sacrifices and ancestral temples, which are dismissed by later generations of Confucianism.And Li Bai used it as a poem title. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji also did a good job of Yuefu poems, and Liu Yuxi also used bamboo branches to write poems, but none of them were as good as Li Bai's poems.This is also like the popularity of Zhu Tianxin's "Ji Rang Song". If you want to ask where her popularity is, it is difficult to answer.And Li Bai is the ultimate scholar, like Zhu Tianxin is also very high-end.Li Bai seeks immortality and longevity, just because his people are flying.What he loves is Emperor Qin and Han Wu, but he doesn't take it seriously, and doesn't know what to do with himself. Xiao Xia in "Song of the Rang", she hopes to never be separated from these people. She wants to last forever, but she also says that she only wants to live until the age of thirty, and then thinks about living to the age of forty. It's ridiculous to be as serious as Li Bai. Li Bai's poems are rich, and I feel full of heart. "Ji Rang Song" also has this full feeling.But there was nothing wrong, there was only a sense of awe-inspiring aura, like Jia Baoyu who couldn't part with everyone in front of him, and only wanted to stay with him until he died and turned into fly ash, and then he didn't care, turned into There are still traces of the fly ash, which will be turned into a puff of air and blown away without a trace. Li Bai is full of people, so he is simple and prosperous.Li Bai's poems are closely related to Chu Ci.Songs of Chu has the flowers and plants in the south of the Yangtze River and the prosperity of the meeting to welcome the gods.There are many legends such as the mottled bamboo tears of Dongting Lake, the mottled bamboo tears of the emperor's daughter, and the candle dragon in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions" have many legends, but not in the Book of Songs.A few years ago, the tomb of a lady from the Western Han Dynasty was excavated in Changsha.That is to say, there is a dragon and the sun and the moon in "Heavenly Questions" embroidered on a female robe. Li Bai likes these most in Chuci.Also, he was as restless as Qu Yuan, but Qu Yuan's restlessness sank in the Miluo River, while Li Bai was full of energy and could not rest in the world. When the wind blew up, he wanted to fly again. like shrimp. There are two major events in Chinese history. One is the combination of the Yellow River Valley civilization and the Huaiyi civilization, which was not completed until the Shang Dynasty.Another thing is the combination of the civilization of the Yellow River Basin and the civilization of the Chu people, which was not completed until the Han Dynasty. Han Fu is a combination of The Book of Songs and Chu Ci.However, in poetry, only Ruan Ji's poems of Yonghuai use the allusions of Chu Ci.Even so, the small Fu of the Six Dynasties was derived from Song Yu's Fu.As for poetry, Ruan Ji is the literature of scholars, and the literature of the people, such as the famous Midnight Song, is obviously the sentiment of Chu Ci, but it has also been transformed into the Book of Songs.The assimilation of literature is really like the wind, it is so natural.As for Li Bai, the literature of the Han nationality and that of the Chu people were born together as a whole.Others such as Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Gao Shi, and Du Fu are not like him.Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Gao Shi, Du Fu and others still have a lot of poetry. Ideologically, Li Bai's is Huang Lao.The Yellow Emperor is the spirit of the Han nation, but it has not yet been called ideology, and it is the ideology of Lao Tzu. Both Laozi and Zhuangzi were born on the border of the Han and Chu regions, and were inspired by the two civilizations, so they are quite different from Confucius and Mencius who were born in Shandong.The people of Jin have the thinking of Laozhuang and Zhuangzi, without the boldness of the Yellow Emperor.Li Bai was the leader of the Yellow Emperor, so Li Bai's poems are stronger than those of Zuo Si, Bao Zhao, and Gao Shi, and even Su Dongpo can't match him in this respect.Su Dongpo admired Li Bai the most. He said in his poem: The Emperor's Legacy Galaxy School has been passed down from ancient times, only the words of immortals It has been more than a thousand years since Li Bai, but there is a "Song of Hitting the Land" written by Zhu Tianxin. Now that I have Zhu Tianxin, it is really convenient to explain Li Bai.Firstly, Li Bai's figure is not tall enough, but because he is a man, he is taller than Zhu Tianxin.Some people who have met Li Bai wrote that his eyes are so radiant. This reminds me of Xiao Xia's thirteen o'clock in "Song of the Earth", saying that her eyes are round, and the girl's round eyes look good?In fact, Zhu Tianxin's big eyes are really beautiful.And the most beautiful thing in the world is intelligence. Speaking of Li Bai, he drinks and plays everywhere, he never tires of playing in the bustling city and the mountains and rivers of the countryside, he is just like a shrimp who can wander, the streets of Taipei and the streams of Yilan are good, and he loves to eat everywhere famous things.It's just that Li Bai didn't have a group of buddies, he didn't stay in one place, but played from place to place, and the local governors everywhere accompanied him on banquets in his name.Li Bai is more famous than Wang Wei and Du Fu, like what Zhu Tianwen said in Tamkang, his classmates all said Zhu Tianxin. Du Fu is better than Li Bai, just like Ban Gu is better than Sima Qian. Du Fu’s is about love, while Li Bai’s is about awe-inspiring spirit, so Li Bai’s writing is the fastest. Many of his poems are written at banquets. When others ask him to write them again, they go out of style again. The two capitals are closed. In the set, both are good.Emperor Meiji of Japan also wrote a song on the back of his minister's memorabilia, but unfortunately nineteen of Li Bai's words were lost.So I thought of Zhu Tianxin's quick way of writing articles.Xianzhi said that Zhu Tianxin once wrote 10,000 words in one night in his "Song of Hitting the Land", and none of them was not wonderful. There was a period before when I was suddenly dissatisfied with myself, and Li Bai got tired of reading it, thinking that it was all about drinking, playing, and talking big. He called heroes, but I don’t want heroes.Later, when I came to Japan, when I lived in Okuzawa, Setagaya District, Tokyo, I took a small volume of Li Bai’s poems with me every time I went out on the first-class train station. After seeing the ten songs of Qiupu, I realized that they were written in a very plain and profound way. .There may also be some people who think that "Ji Rang Ge" is nothing more than writing about wandering and eating, and there are "years", "mountains and rivers", "sun and moon", and "names" at every turn.But this is the same as I was dissatisfied with Li Bai for a period of time. I have seen "Ki Rang Song" for the third time, and I want to circle the sentences along the way. Li Bai's poems have fewer things than Du Fu's poems, but literature does not lie in this, poetry has fewer things than novels.Du Fu's early poems, I like his poems with Gao Shicen and Deng Ci'en Pagoda. His later poems are bounded by the Anlu Mountain Rebellion, and his representative work is the Northern Expedition.His feelings for the military chaos are completely upright, and his anticipation for the revival of the imperial court and the people of the world is also very sincere. A "Northern Expedition" poem has openings and closings everywhere, and everything becomes a landscape. Later generations call it Han Yu. His "Nanshan" poems are comparable to "Northern Expeditions", which is ignorant of literature. "Beizheng" has a literary heart, while "Nanshan" is just writing.Du Fu also wrote a poem on the Temple of Yuji in the Three Gorges, "Shengong connects chaos", which is also very great.But Li Bai's poems are neither of these. Li Bai is the proud son of heaven. He is happy about everything in the world, but he is not fair about anything.He was born ten years earlier than Du Fu, and the Tang Dynasty was extremely peaceful and prosperous during the first year of Kaiyuan.At that time, in Chang’an, there were shops and hotels of barbarians from the Western Regions. Buddhist temples, Taoist temples, and officials all came to make incense. On both sides of the avenue were peach blossoms among willows. Xiaoguan, he is always teased by people everywhere in his life. How can he not be happy about his generosity like a small shrimp? Said, "Life is unsatisfactory in the world, and the Ming Dynasty distributed boats." And indeed, only with his kind of vigor can the prosperous age remain fresh for a long time.And when he passed Tongguan while playing, he rescued Guo Ziyi, the battalion officer who was accused of being accused of fire in the military camp. It was the guard commander of Tongguan, Ge Shuhan. He was later ordered to be the Generalissimo of the Pingan History Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty.This is Li Bai's style, not Du Fu's. During the Anlu Mountain Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong was lucky in Shu, and the prince sent troops to fight against the bandits in Lingwu.Later, it became the rebellion case of King Yong, and Li Bai got Guo Ziyi to atone for his crimes, so Liu Yelang was relieved, and he was pardoned before he arrived. When he went to Liu Yelang, the magistrate hosted a banquet on the way, and when he returned from pardon, the magistrate hosted a banquet. During this period, the poems he wrote to others were all about injustice.Reading the eleven "Songs of Yongwang's East Tour" and the ten "Songs of the Emperor's West Tour to Nanjing (Chengdu, Sichuan)" written by him when he was in the Yongwang army, the most resounding and enthusiastic.Tiandao is confused and unhappy, and Li Bai's matter cannot be explained in one sentence, but I absolutely believe in him.He doesn't need to argue, but his argument is also muddled and unsatisfactory, like the way of heaven does not speak, but the sound of birds is confused.His argument is just unfair, he is also unfair to the prosperous times, and he is also unfair to the troubled times.If we really want to rule the world out of troubled times, we can only rely on this kind of energy, not the reasoning in Du Fu's poems. Poetry must have awe-inspiring spirit. ※The people are weak and the people are still strong Literature has integrity, like bamboo shoots in May, the first ones that come out are the best, but the last ones are bad.When the eggplant first came into the market, Zirun was alive and well, but when it came to the autumn eggplant, it was scarred and rotten. The poems of the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Ziang, Cui Hao, Wei Yingwu, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling, Li Yi, Li Bai, and Du Fu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are all the music of bells and drums, chime, qinse, xiao, Qiang flute, Jiegu, pipa, etc. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi, Han Yu, Zhang Ji, and Liu Changqing also played the music of all music, but the tune was narrower.The pass is not self-sufficient. If you want to make it wider, Li He, Meng Jiao, Li Yishan, and Du Mu all have their own unique achievements, but they are not wide enough.And the poems of the Five Dynasties are just a flute, a flute or a drum, each of which is good at a skill. By the time of Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty, poetry and prose began to have octaves, and Song poetry had a unique sound of stone chimes.However, in the Tang Dynasty, there was Qin Wang Li Shimin's breaking the formation music, but in the Song Dynasty, Song poetry was generally not as powerful as Tang poetry.Just like the poems, Li Bai's two Bodhisattva poems are very good. Li Bai's two poems, like Li Linghe's Liangbie and Su Wu's poems, are only two poems. The articles and poems of the Song Dynasty were also not as good as those of the Northern Song Dynasty.For example, Li Yi'an is not as good as Zhu Shuzhen.Zhu Shuzhen's poems are like the first eighty chapters of "Dream of Red Mansions", with few accidents and more scenery, while Li Yi'an's poems are like those after the eighty chapters, moving people but not moving people.The poems of Xin Jiaxuan, Lu Fangweng, Jiang Baishi, and Zhang Yan are all good, but they are not as good as those of Yan Shu, Zhang Xian, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi.When I was in Jingmei, I happened to read the poems of Yan Shu, Zhang Xian, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi in the Song Ci. This time, I realized that their grandeur, brightness, straightness, and softness are even inferior to Qin Guan and Zhou Bangyan, who are slightly younger. I like that I know how to read articles better than before.Yan Jidao, Yan Shu's son, said, "There is no woman's language in Xian Gong's poems before Yuan Dynasty." Only then did I understand why Yan Shu was able to write beautiful women so beautifully. But the spirit of the Song Dynasty was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, and even Su Shi was not as good as Li Bai.The Sui and Tang Dynasties emerged from the great changes in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, while the Song Dynasty emerged from the chaos of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. The creativity was not as good as it was, and it was rather reflective and contemplative. Therefore, it is said that Tang poetry is like drinking wine, and Song Ci is like tasting tea.But fighting the world still requires alcoholics. When Liu Bang was the head of the pavilion, he was good at wine and sex. Li Shi, who was seventy-two in Qicheng in the east, was especially a Gaoyang alcoholic.Historians say that only the Song Dynasty had no female disasters in the past dynasties. Although this is good, they feel that there is something wrong. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Yellow Turbans were in turmoil, and the Wei and Jin Dynasties were able to achieve a moderately prosperous life. Then, the five chaos and chaos, and the people were devastated.So confidence is created. Tang Zhitianbao was rebelled by An Lushan and Shi Siming, and it was also the chaos of the barbarians. Huang Chao rebelled when he went down, killing more than Huang Jin. Afterwards, Khitan Shi Jingtang came in and massacred all the officials of the court. Hu Bing passed by, and the urban and rural residents died with chickens and dogs. However, there were new intellectual stimulations in the Five Huluanhua back then, but not in the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties.The Five Dynasties did not develop the new willpower to unify the world.Wuyue Qian Liu was not as regulated as in the Southern Dynasties of the past, and the Chai family was in the north, and its spirit was not as good as that of Tuoba Wei.The Song Dynasty, which emerged from this pattern, is of course not comparable to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.From the very beginning, the Song Dynasty had no way to deal with the land of Youyan, which was occupied by a foreign nation, the Liao Kingdom. Compared with the talents of the Northern Wei and Southern Dynasties, those of the Five Dynasties are far behind, and the talents of the founding of the Song Dynasty are also far behind those of the Tang Dynasty.People in the Song Dynasty only added Buddhist principles to their sentiments in the present world. The best expression is in Su Shi's poems. Buddhist principles have become an element of Song poetry.It is also Chen Bo and Shao Yong who have new ideas in the Book of Changes. Religions all deny the present world, and the people of the Song Dynasty added Buddhist principles to the present world, of course, is a skill.But in the past, the people of the Six Dynasties combined the catastrophe and destruction mentioned in the Buddhist scriptures with the chaotic China at that time, the people were devastated, and the civilization was on the verge of surviving and disappearing at an unknown time. It is much greater than the Buddhist sentiments of the people of the Song Dynasty. too much.People in the Tang Dynasty combined Buddhist temples with the bustle of the world, which I think is far better than people in the Song Dynasty who talked about Buddhism. Song poetry does not talk about catastrophe and destruction in terms of Buddhism, but only talks about truth and delusion, and delusion is also good, illusion and truth are combined, which is the lively light, shadow and confusion in this world.This point is best expressed in Su Shi's poems since Liu Zongyuan's poems and Bai Juyi's poems.But this is not as good as the world in Li Bai's poems, wanting to uproot the house and fly, there is Penglai Xianshan.Su Shi's poems also have fairy tales, and he wants to fly away, but he is not as good as Li Bai, because Li Bai has a strong willpower of the times.It was nearly a thousand years after Su Shi that Zhu Tianxin's "Killing Song" had such a strong willpower of the times. Only Song Confucian scholars Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi used the Buddhist scriptures to see the nature and sit quietly, making people unlovable and respectful. Cheng Zhu and the others are not interested in the calamity and emptiness mentioned in the Buddhist scriptures. Not only that, but they also don't know the irony. The man is not famous at birth, he is already old, he has been starving for three years and walked the barren mountain roads, Chang'an has been in love for many years, the rich and the rich should be born early..." Zhu Xi scolded him as "lamenting the old and the poor".He didn't know that the concluding line of one of the nineteen ancient poems, "The prodigal son will never return, the empty forest sighs alone", is actually really chaste.Zhu Xi also talked with Cheng Yimen that people like Su Shi should be killed. Although in his later years he wrote a poem about Su Shi's bamboo painting and expressed his sincere respect to Su Shi, it was too late. In the Book of Changes, Chen Bo Yu congenitally invented a new invention, and Shao Yong also had his understanding.Both of them are close to Taoism.Cheng Yi's so-called Biography of the Book of Changes has nothing to do with the Book of Changes, but only talks about his sincerity.Zhu Xi's Anthology of Changes in Zhouyi is more diligent than Cheng Yi, but there are only merits in him.The Book of Changes is originally related to literature, but Cheng Zhu's Yi Zhuan has nothing to do with literature, and its badness can be seen from this point. It turns out that the theme of the Book of Changes is to account for the fate of the country, account for the current history of heaven and the current situation, and people with lofty ideals look at their writings in this way and play with their words. This is very literary, because literature, like plum blossoms, peach blossoms, lotus flowers, and osmanthus, is also a history of newspapers. season news.So the divination in Zuo Zhuan can be remembered so well, and it has been included in literature.There is also the Book of Changes that people can be lively and joyful about the unknown, such as the Peach Blossom Girl and the Duke of Zhou in the Yuan opera, and the Journey to the West begins with the two fishermen and woodcutters gossiping, which alarmed the Dragon King of Jinghe. He wants to try Yuan Tiangang's account of whether it is sunny or rainy, the time and amount of rain are also included in literature.However, Cheng Zhu's Yi Zhuan has nothing to do with the revolutionary nature of the people with lofty ideals and the liveliness and joy of the common people.Literature is corrupted by Cheng Zhu, and if literature is corrupted, it means that the poems and teachings of the former kings are corrupted, that is, the music of ritual and music is corrupted.But this is only the result and not the cause.The reason is that from the remnant Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, there was no such great creativity of the era as from the Wuhuluanhua to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and there were not enough talents. It's just that people like Wang Tong (Wen Zhongzi) are not noticed. (Wen Zhongzi's sentences are all imitated from the Analects of Confucius. This alone already makes people despise him.) The awe-inspiring spirit of history is really important. Confucians of later generations only know that this aura is personal cultivation, but they don’t know that there is awe-inspiring spirit in history.This is what was missing from the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty.From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Confucianists combined with Huang Lao through the advanced mathematics and science at that time, and combined with Huang Lao through reforms (the system of land equalization).During the Five Dynasties, mathematics and science were also developed, and Chen Boyin had new inventions in Yishu.In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were masters of mathematics and science, and there were also Wang Anshi's young crops and horse protection methods in the reform. But until Cheng Zhuzhi's learning was practiced in the world, Confucianists disdain mathematics and science, let alone read the books of the Legalists, and even read the Four Books If you don’t read Zhouli and the royal system, Confucianism and Huang Laojue, and Huang Laojue will lose the natural spirit and creativity of the Han nationality. But Wang Anshi's reform failed because he did not consider it thoroughly. Wang Anshi's young crops and horses protection method and the Northern Wei's land equalization system are both based on Zhou rituals. However, the average land system requires only two procedures from granting land to the people at the age of eighteen to returning to the land at the age of sixty. This time, if Yu Lixu did it with a fake hand, it would be broken.This can only be implemented by the relationship between the royal officials and the king's people in Zhouli, that is, the local people who were born in the well field system lead the farmers and handicraftsmen to implement it. Otherwise, it can be implemented with a modern banking system. Wang Anshi's new method does not meet any of these two conditions, and of course it fails.If the young seedling method and the horse protection method are successful, the Song Dynasty can be strong against Liao and Xixia, but at that time, it lacked the creativity of the times to set the background. Sima Guang, Su Shi and others all opposed it.Wang Anshi's articles had benefits that people at that time did not have, but his articles were not followed by anyone. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were almost no scholarly articles to read. They respected Han Yu, but Han Yu was actually not very good.Han Yu affirmed Confucianism, affirmed worldly wealth and fame.Confucianism in the Song Dynasty was too sure about ethics.No matter how good something is, if you are too sure about it, it will be small or ugly, and it will be delusional.Poems are far better than articles.However, the words of Ruyuan Haowen and Wu Meicun both lack the word Xing.There are good things in the words of Gao Qingqiu in the early Ming Dynasty and Wang Yuyang in the early Qing Dynasty.I like Zhu Yizun's Red Bridge poems.Also, I like Nalan Xingde's poem "Meng Jiangnu Temple": The shadows of the rain and the setting sun are broken, the cold waves day and night girls' shrine, and the spider's thread on the dusty net of emerald tin. Chenghai Tower, the extreme moon in the sky, poems written on the husband-watching stone pillar, and the six kings are like a dream, Zu Longfei. The ending sentence "Six kings are like a dream, Zu Longfei" is really big.Zulong refers to Qin Shihuang.But generally speaking, from the end of the Song Dynasty to the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the literature of scholars has withered extremely. At that time, there were also heroes among Zen monks, but if scholars were not able to combine with them, there would be no results after all.However, although the scholars are tired, the people are still alive. The prosperity of people's literature, such as Song Pinghua, Yuanqu and Ming and Qing storytelling novels, actually has the power behind the people to rise up at any time.But the literature of the people at that time could not be led by the literature of the scholars, which shows that the scholars of that time also had no leadership ability in politics. During the six to seven hundred years from the end of the Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the only scholarly hero was Yelu Chucai, and the great Confucian scholar was only Sun Yirang.Yelu Chucai was a Zen monk. He set off from Genghis Khan, and Kublai Khan respected the Huayi system.However, he has only one person, and there is no powerful group of talented people as his background.Therefore, he cannot compare with Wang Meng, Fu Jian, and Cui Hao's level of prestige to Emperor Tuoba Wei Daowu.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the people raised troops, but the scholars could not lead them. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born as a civilian, had no respect for the scholars at all. He killed literati at will.In the Ming Dynasty, the prime minister was the worst again.If there were toasts like those in the Chu and Han Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Ming Taizu would not have dared to be so despicable. Both the Ming and Qing dynasties were the least creative. Scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties specialized in Confucianism, and Confucianism specialized in stereotyped imperial examinations. There were also those who studied Confucianism or Exegesis.Otherwise, Emperor Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty was an extraordinary person. He really knew the Chinese civilization and studied Western science. He came to learn all the new knowledge about Western science.He just rejected the missionary's persuasion to convert him to Christianity.If there are wise men like Cui Hao and Gao Yun in Tuoba Wei in the past to help him, a new era of great creativity can be ushered in. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, new scientific knowledge in Europe and the new world situation at the beginning could be a great stimulus to Chinese civilization. If we accept it at that time, we still have the same leeway as we accepted the civilization of the Western Regions during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.Emperor Kangxi was earlier than Czar Peter of Russia. At that time, China was still able to catch up with Britain, France and Germany and entered the steam engine industrial revolution.The entry of Britain, Germany, France, and later the United States into modern industries was transformed according to their original economic structures. Therefore, although capitalism is generally used, it still has its own characteristics in terms of process and constitution.In the Kangxi period, China's economic foundation was the most powerful and healthy in the world, and it could have more leeway than Britain, France, Germany, etc., so that the industrial revolution could grow naturally, and there was no need for the abandoned farmland in Lancashire to be used as shepherds for the machine textile industry in Lancashire. In the market, there is no need to be cruel to child labor and female workers, and there is no need to compete for world colonies like that.If it was done at that time, the machine industry could be preserved in Chinese civilization, and it could be reconciled with the agricultural and handicraft industry. It may not be capitalism, but an industrial system far newer than that of the West, and it is the most powerful in the world.Had this happened then, the history of the whole world would have been changed for it.China did have the opportunity to do so during the Kangxi period. Now, Mr. Sun’s legacy of developing industries, controlling capital, and being in harmony with the world, and the new industrial system that I advocate, with agriculture and handicrafts as the main body and machine industry as the auxiliary, were established as early as in Kangxi. If the time is completely open to the West in terms of new knowledge, there is plenty of room for it to be formed and created naturally. However, Emperor Kangxi did not have soldiers like Cui Hao and Gao Yun in Tuoba Wei to help him. From the end of the Song Dynasty to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and then to the Qing Dynasty, the scholars had only become more and more closed and humble. No one was like the scholars of the Han and Tang Dynasties who "talked and laughed with the emperor, and the masts and sculls flew into ashes."In the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it can be seen that the soldiers and the civilians had no chance to raise troops.On Zeng Guofan's side, there are only second- and third-class people. Although the chaos has been quelled, they lack creativity. If you want to know what happened back then, you only need to look at the literature of that year. From the end of the Song Dynasty to the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the literature of scholars was extremely poor, but the literature of the people was still good until the end of the Qing Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, he was loyal to Yue Chuan, conquering the east and conquering the west.Scholars' literature is poor, reflecting that the country's politics has lost its glory, while the good spirit of people's literature has witnessed that the Chinese nation has always been prosperous. Therefore, there have been civil uprisings against the Yuan Dynasty and civil uprisings against the Qing Dynasty, but It's a pity that there were not enough people at the time to lead. ※What day is it today? At the beginning of the 1911 Uprising, it was the first awakening of scholars when they went back to the Yellow Emperor's time. They opened their eyes to the new situation and new knowledge of the world.And since Mr. Sun, people like this have written articles about scholars.Mr. Sun's letter to Li Hongzhang reminds people of Chen Shishu by Jia Yi in the Western Han Dynasty. The original manuscript of the Three People's Principles and the outline of the founding of the country came directly from Zhou Li.The style of Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army" is similar to Chuci.Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao's articles have the clarity of Wang Anshi and Su Shi.But many scholars of language and literature are not as good as they think that modern Chinese literature should be counted from the literary and artistic works of the May Fourth era, which is to take literature too lightly. "Mountains and Rivers" and "Revolutionary Poetry and Learning" are articles inherited from the Han and Wei Dynasties, and Mr. Sun's school, using the new style of the May Fourth Movement to open up the literature of the May Fourth Movement. The May Fourth Movement was a revolution in Chinese literature, but the May Fourth Movement made three mistakes: 1. Denying Confucianism.2. Negatives.Three, literature as a kind of art. One way of treating literature as art is to underestimate literature, as I have said before.Here we only talk about such things as etiquette, which means affirmation is false. Song Confucianism is so arrogant that women are not allowed to go out.But the May 4th movement negated the ethics of ethics, which lost human affection.Etiquette can only be changed, but every time a dynasty changes in history, at most it only changes Zhengshuo and clothing, but does not change the etiquette between sacrifices and the relationship between guest and host.Etiquette is the expression of Chinese affection. May 4th overthrew etiquette in principle. At least in literature, there is no form for Chinese affection. Even in novels, Westerners’ affection and actions are used to describe Chinese people. , In this way, the article will not be beautiful first. The intellectuals of the May Fourth movement also denied scholars because there were no scholars in the West.Scholars are prophets, clothed and poor, and aiming at the world, which is inconsistent with democratic individualism.The progressive literati of Lu Xun's generation would rather their son be an electrical worker.For example, the teachers in Japan regard themselves as laborers, and they don't know the value of being a scholar.But I still like noble people in the world.Philosophers were the most respected in ancient Greece, and poets were the most respected in Japan, but they are not as good as Chinese taxis. Chinese scholars are scholars.Because he is a noble person, he knows that there are noble people and noble things in the world.I once saw a good woman working in an office, but later I heard that she was married to a car driver, and I felt unworthy for her. The little shrimp in "Ki Rang Song" said that he would never love a businessman, which made me very happy to read it.Su Shi's poem about Mrs. Guo Guo's outing has "the eighth aunt in the seat is really noble, and she can't move the dust when she walks on a horse".I also have a poem for the Japanese potter Kanji Ueda, who lives in Zhanshan, a suburb of Kyoto, where he fired his kiln. The poem says: There is no revival of the old Gongqing in Xijing, the real nobleman who still lives in Longmu If Zhanshan comes out, the news of the buddha fire and fairy flame calamity is just completed Articles are written absolutely and eternally, which can only be done if the author is a scholar.This is the nobility of the royal officials and the king's people from the ancient Zhou rituals, but this is really something new. The 1911 Uprising was originally the revival of the scholars and combined with the civilian uprising, but the scholars immediately fell into a great confusion in their thinking during the May Fourth New Culture Movement.They don’t read ancient books about the old, and they don’t look at the new discoveries in physics and astronomy in the West in this century, let alone the underground excavations of ancient civilizations in Southwest Asia, and they don’t seek to understand Mr. Sun’s thoughts. And talk about science and democracy.They are ignorant of the historical reality of China and of the world from outside. They don't know where they stand, and they are alienated from the people.After 1911, civilian uprisings continued to push the waves, but the scholars lost their leadership over them.This is how it was taken advantage of by the CCP and fell to the mainland. The theme of people's hearts today is anti-communism and recovery of the mainland. Here I have clearly revealed the five basic laws of nature and the principles of the formation of civilization, and based on this, I will build a new political and industrial system that is not only Chinese but also worldwide.In this way, scholars resumed their status as prophets in history and aroused the great willpower of the times.But if the scholars of the world and the people of the world are to do this great event, there must be a wind of 90,000 miles to carry it. The sentence of the big wind song. Moreover, what Mr. Sun said to arouse the masses first needs to be combined with the literature of the scholars and the literature of the people.This first depends on where the two have in common in Chinese literature.Here I quote a piece of Yuan Qiongqiong's songwriting drama, let's first understand the character of Min's literature: "I like to watch puppet shows, but I don't like puppetry. The puppets are not only dead, but also sad when they are gone. Gezai opera is different. I mean the Gezai opera on the roadside, not on TV. The actors have thick faces. The makeup looks like a puppet at first glance. There are two side doors on the stage, and the curtains are slightly raised. On the stage, they are rigid, with steps, gestures, and winks.在台上莊嚴法相的觀音娘娘，這時蹺了兩腿坐著，白色錦衣襯著台上走髒了的鞋底，這是在戲的繁華裏露出了不妥貼的家常來，讓人小小的苦惱了，可是很親切。前台還是鏘鏘鏘的走馬換將，聲音透過麥克風，龐大得變了音。演員哭倒在台前，拿袖子掩著臉。門帘邊上，另一個演員在逗孩子，又是『古代與現代的結合』，笑得一張上了粧的嘴張得好大，血盆大口。野臺戲的好處是演員不那麼慎重，前後台的分別也不嚴，所以看戲是純消遣，沒有什麼藝術口味的負擔。人生由台前流向台後，又由台後流向台前，碰到敏感的人，說不定反而形成更大的心靈騷動了。」 這就是張愛玲所詫異的：「怎麼可以這樣？他明明知道自己在做戲呀！」觀眾也明明知道自己在看戲，演員與觀眾都是像小孩的認真地在遊戲，在藝術之外有人的跌宕自喜。谷崎潤一郎與川端康成若知道這個，也不曾鑽到藝術的黑暗之谷了。若早知這個，有好些人就不會穿了燕尾服去聽交響曲，討藝術的負擔了。 自宋儒不知遊戲，士的文學遂不如民的文學，五四以來又學西洋，更不知遊戲了，士的文學亦更與民的文學分離得遠了。宋儒的正經是儒林外史裏馬二先生式的，處州馬上純先生遊西湖，路上他也不看女人，女人也不看他。而五四以來文人的正經是徐訏與余光中式的，不過比張愛玲的小說「紅玫瑰與白玫瑰」裏的振保還更多讀了西洋的文學書。可是現在有了像袁瓊瓊的能是民的文學的知音人，士與民乃又可歡喜相見了。這裏還得再提一提管管的「請坐月亮請坐」是一部士與民認真遊戲在一淘的文學。 朱天文的「青青子衿」寫童養媳和未婚夫，與她稱為姊弟的二人在田畈裏玩，真是玩得好，而兩人之間的真切處又是那樣的叫人感動。仙枝文章裏寫小時學騎腳踏車，寫蹲在路邊看幾個小孩拿紙糊的撈子撈金魚。朱天文寫與仙枝玩圓山，買魷魚眼睛喫，又便宜又好，喫了又買幾顆。仙枝也寫偕朱天文到她嫂子娘家看乳牛： 清明那天偕你去看牛，兩排牛媽媽蹲下身子來有城牆高。我們在夾道間餵牧草，日色傾得一地斑斑駁駁。牧草的野羶味湮著滿屋子都清明粗獷起來；見你閃閃跳跳的躲著牛媽媽的長舌舐你的裙角…… 又寫： 古儀帶給你櫻花子時，猜你一定先剝下一顆吃吃，對不？我那三顆今晨發覺有一顆被蟲子咬了一大口，我怕那蟲兒一定酸透牙床，幾天要吃不進東西了。 朱天文與仙枝這樣一寫，凡是中國人都年輕活潑了。 生而幸為中國人，無盡的對於自己的民族的喜歡與愛呵！ 袁瓊瓊寫她去左營看管管沒見著，臨著青紗窗給他寫便條，「書桌上一疊書一疊文稿，一堆鉛筆、鋼筆、原子筆、墨筆，我一邊寫字一邊手放在書上，想像他寫字就是這樣的。」這是真的愛。 我今寫中國文學史話寫到崔浩李白，也可比去看他沒見著，就在他的書桌上寫這篇稿子，但我是一邊寫字一邊手輕按在稿紙上。