Chapter 20 "Destruction" [1]

"Destruction" [1] Postscript [2] It is almost impossible to describe 150 real people in a book of about 300 pages.With the heavy burden of "Water Margin", it is impossible to write all the 108 heroes.The concise method of the author of this book is to select representatives from them. Three small captains.The representative of farmers is Kubulak, the representative of miners is Tubufu, and the representative of shepherds is Medelizha. Kubrak naturally has the most shortcomings. What he advocates is local interests. After capturing the pastor, the silver chain of the cross will be on his belt. Before leaving, he gets drunk and humbles himself as a "pig-like thing" .Scouts who came from peasants often did not dare to approach the enemy's territory, and would just sit in the bushes and smoke cigarettes, waiting for the time when they could go back.The miner Muro Shika criticized——

"I can't get along with them, the peasants, I can't get along with them.  … Stingy, stingy, gutless—without exception...all of them!I have nothing.It's almost like a sweep! ..." (Chapter Five of Part Two) Tubufu are quite different, with strict rules and very few deserters, because they are not like farmers, they take root in the land.Although they used to live scattered all over the place and were the last to arrive at the convening, but later "only Tubufu's team was completely assembled together".When the seriously injured Frorov was dying, he knew his own life and was interlinked with human beings. He was alone and took poison resolutely.Only Muluo Shijia, who despises the peasants very much, has many shortcomings. He steals melons and drinks too much, he is like a hooligan, and when he is depressed, he is quite close to Metic.But not consciously.Engineer Gang Kalenko said—

"No matter who we come from, if one digs down, in everyone, you will find peasants in everyone. In short, what belongs to this side is at most no more than wearing straw sandals..." (Part 2 of 5) Pointing out the disadvantages of others that he despises is his own disadvantages. Taking others as a lesson, it is very clear, and it is a wonderful way to enable people to reflect on themselves.However, Muro Shijia later went to be a scout, and finally, unlike Medik, he died of his duty. Not much has been written about the shepherd Medelizal.There is his decisiveness, his horsemanship, and the behavior of a dying hero.Team members who were shepherds also did not write.There is also a shepherd boy with a wide robe and long sleeves and a narrow neck, which is reminiscent of Medelizza's childhood and the shepherd boy's adulthood.

The one who dissected the most profoundly is probably the foreign intellectuals—the first is of course the high school student Metic.He opposed the poisoning of the sick, but had no better plan, and opposed the looting of food; he still ate the looted pork (because he was hungry).He thinks that others are doing it wrong, but he can't do anything about it, and he also feels that he can't do it, and others can't do it.So he who can't do this becomes noble and lonely.That theory goes like this— "... I believe that I am an unqualified and useless player... I really can't do anything, I don't know anything... Here I am, I can't get along with anyone, and no one can help me , but is this my fault? I used my heart to treat people, but all I met was rough, for my jokes, teasing... Now I don't trust people anymore, I know, if I were stronger , people will listen to me and be afraid of me, because here, no one is only looking at this thing, no one is only thinking about this thing, that is, filling their belly... I often feel that if they If they were led by Kolchak [3] tomorrow, they would serve him as they do now, and treat people with the same extrajudicial cruelty as now, but I can't do this, I can't do this..." (2 fifth)

This is actually the theory that "it doesn't matter where you work, it's all the same" that Medic said when he joined the team and when he fled, but now he thinks it's a big evil and blames it on others. In addition, there are many in-depth dissections, which can be seen at any time from the beginning to the end.However, Medic is sometimes aware of this shortcoming. When he and Baklanov went to scout the Japanese army together, after having some conversations on the way—— "With sudden enthusiasm, Medico began to explain that Baklanov's failure to enter high school was not a bad thing, but a good thing. He unconsciously wanted to convince Baklanov that although he had no education, he What a kind and capable person. But Baklanov couldn't see such value in his own education, and he couldn't comprehend Medico's more complicated judgments at all. They Between them, no heart-to-heart conversation took place. The two rode their horses and trotted forward in a long silence."

(two of two) But there is also a professional school student, Qi Shi, whose argument that he is not good enough, and others are not good enough, is the same as that of Medico—— "Of course, I am a sick and wounded person, and I am impatient to do such troublesome work, but in any case, I should not be worse than a kid-it is no need to boast..." (Part 1 ) However, he is better at avoiding labor than Medico, better at chasing women, and more stringent at measuring characters—— "Well, but he (Laifensheng) is not a man of great knowledge, just cunning. He is trying to use us as a foothold to gain his own position. Naturally, you always think he is very A courageous and talented captain. Humph, how unreasonable!——It's all our own imagination!

..." (ibid.) Comparing the two, they felt that Medico still had some kindness.Fritsch [4] said in the "Preface" that the author even wrote Metic, which makes people feel a little cherished, which is probably why. Lai Fensheng's thoughts on the first-class people in Medico are as follows—— "Only here with us, on our land, tens of millions of people have lived from time immemorial under the lenient and lazy sun, in filth and poverty, plowing the fields with wooden plows before the flood, believing in malice And only on such a ground, such a poor part, can such a lazy, unambitious being, such a fruitless flower, grow up on such a ground, such a poor God..." (2 of 5)

But Lefenson himself was also an intellectual—the most educated man in the raiding party.The book only mentions that he was a thin Jewish kid who once helped his father who had dreamed of getting rich all his life to sell second-hand goods. When he was a child, he was asked to stare into the camera mirror because of taking pictures. People once lied to him that there would be birds Flying out of it, but in the end it didn't, which made him feel a great sadness of disappointment.Even realizing this kind of deceptive talk, I paid the price of a lot of experience.But most of them can’t be recalled anymore, because personal affairs have been covered up by the accumulation of years of being called “the pioneer Lai Fensheng of Lai Fensheng”, and they are not very clear.Only the reason why he became a "pioneer" can be clearly pointed out——

"In the poverty that overcomes all these defects, there is the fundamental meaning of his own life, and if there is no strong one in him, no other hope can match it, that is for the new, the beautiful, the strong, the good. The longings of human beings, Lai Fensheng is someone else. But when tens of millions of people are forced to live such a primitive, pitiful, meaningless and poor life, how can we talk about new life? Yes, what about beautiful human beings?" (ibid.) This made Lefensen necessarily connect with the impoverished masses and become their forerunner.People also thought that besides being the captain, he had no suitable position.But Lefensen was convinced——

"What drives these people is definitely not just their own reserved feelings, but another, no less important instinct. With this, they sell everything they endure, even death, to the last Purpose... But this instinct lives in men, hidden under their petty, ordinary demands and concerns, because each eats and sleeps, and each is weak. It seems that these It is as if men were engaged in ordinary, minor chores, feeling their own weakness, and entrusting their greatest concerns to stronger men." (2 ter 3) Lai Fensheng moves forward with the "stronger" people. Apart from being prudent, he also has to plan his own painting, hide his feelings, gain faith, and even exercise power when he is in danger.Why, because it was——

"Everyone was looking at him with respect and terror,—without sympathy. For a moment he felt himself a hostile force above the troops, but he had come to his senses to go that way,— —he is convinced that his strength is just." (ibid.) However, Lei Fensheng not only wavered at times, but at times lost his head. Finally, the troops were besieged by the Japanese army and the Kolchak army. Only 19 of the 150 people remained. It can be said that they were all destroyed.When he broke through, he was hinted by Baklanov.Compared with the novels in which the protagonists are all transcendent and the careers are all successful, it is really a disappointing book.Peaceful reformers are waiting for god-like pioneers and gentlemen-like people, in fact, to punish the world.When Medic first joined the Charituba team of the peasant team, he also felt this kind of disillusionment—— "The people around him are completely different characters from those created by his unrestrained imagination..." (Part 1) But the author immediately gave an explanation—— "So they are not characters in books, but real people." (same as above) However, although they are the same people and have the same power, they are not "all the same" as Medique said.For example, Medica is always hopeful, always wants to cheer up, and changes rapidly, sometimes very majestic, sometimes very depressed, and finally has no choice but to lie on the grass and watch the dark night in the forest to appreciate his own loneliness.This is not the case with Lefensen. He may occasionally feel this way, but he overcomes it immediately. When Lefensen himself was compared with Medic, the author leaked some very meaningful information about him—— "But, have I been like this sometimes, or have I been like that? "No, I was a solid youth, much more solid than he was. I not only hoped for many things, but also did many things—that's all the difference." (Two of five) The above are the impressions that remain after re-reading the translation.Of course, there are quite a few things that have been left out.Because there are precious gems in both art and practice, not only the scenery of Taiji, but also the scene of the night attack, which cannot be described by those who have not experienced it, that is, the skills of shooting guns and adjusting horses. Those who are embarrassed are also obtained from practical experience, and they are definitely not something that imaginary literati can write.To give an even bigger one, someone commented on the tactics of the Japanese army in a few words—— "They moved from this farm to that farm, step by step carefully arranged, dense guards were arranged on the side, accompanied by long stops, and they proceeded slowly. In the iron tenacity of their movements one can feel, though slow, a confident, calculated, yet at the same time blind strength. "(two of two) And Lefensen's tactics against them were narrated when he was training the troops—— "He always doesn't talk much, but he is just like the person who knocks the blunt and strong nail for eternal use, he only knocks on one place stubbornly." (nine out of one) So after his army was destroyed, as soon as he came out of the forest, he saw distant people on the threshing field, and he wanted to make them quickly become one with him. I don't know anything about the author Alexandrovitch Fadeev's deeds except what is in "Autobiography".Only from the preface of the English translation "Destruction", we know that he is now a member of the ruling group of the Proletarian Writers Union [5]. Also, his Romance novel "The Last of Udage" [6] has been completed, and there will be a translation in Japan. This book, originally called "Razgrom", means "shattered", or "collapsed", translated into Japanese by Yoshito Kurahara, titled "Destroyed". "Mie" is based on this book; later obtained R. D． The English translation of Char^ques and the German translation published by Verlagfur Literaturund Politik [7] have been reviewed again, and because of the suspension of "Sprout", the untranslated third part will be completed.Both of the latter two have been renamed "Nineteen People", but their content is almost the same in the German and Japanese translations, but the English translation has many unique features, accounting for three, so it is rarely used. The previous three articles, "Autobiography" was originally contained in "Literary Russia", translated by Yi Huanjun[8] from the printed version in 1928; Yev's novel "Destruction" was published in "Avantgarde" [10] in March 1928, and Luo Yangjun [11] translated it into Chinese.This is all transcribed from "Sprout".V. Fri-tche’s preface is not found in any of the three translations, but Zhu Du Ergun translated it from the original text contained in the Roman Magazine.However, the transliterated words have been changed to be the same here, and the quoted articles have also been changed according to the text I translated.I hereby declare and express my thanks. The portrait of the author at the beginning of the volume was painted by I. Radinov, and has already been rated as a masterpiece.N.N. Vuysheslavtsev (N.N. Vuysheslavtsev) (12) six illustrations, taken from "Roman Magazine", are quite similar to the Chinese "embroidered portraits" (13), so they are not very brilliant.But after all, it can always help the reader's interest, so it is printed.I would also like to thank Jun Jinghua for sending these pictures from afar. Shanghai, January 17, 1931.translator. ※ ※ ※ [1] "Destruction" is a novel based on the Soviet Civil War.Written between 1925 and 1926, the Chinese translation was completed in 1931.There are two editions: Shanghai Dajiang Bookshop edition in September 1931 and Shanghai Sanxian Bookstore edition in October of the same year.Before the publication of the booklet, the first and second volumes were titled "Crash", and were published in the first to fifth issues of the "Sprout" monthly magazine and the first issue of the "Xindi" monthly magazine. Fadeyev, see note [18] on page 322 of this volume.He has served as the leader of the Union of Soviet Writers for a long time.In addition to "Destruction", there are still novels "Young Guards", "The Last Udage Man", and a collection of literary essays "Thirty Years" and so on.From 1928 to 1951, he revised "Destruction" several times. 〔2〕 This article was originally printed in the single volume "Destruction" published by Shanghai Sanxian Bookstore in 1931, but it has not been published in newspapers. 〔3〕Kolchak (E.K.gTUhN], 1873-1920) interpreted Kolchak, one of the counter-revolutionary leaders during the Soviet Civil War.After the October Revolution, relying on British and American imperialism, he launched an armed rebellion. After the Red Army defeated its troops, he was arrested and executed. [4] Fritsch (K.L. [HPhI, 1870-1927]) Soviet literary critic and literary historian.His works include Sociology of Art, European Literature of the Twentieth Century, etc. 〔5〕The ruling body of the Proletarian Writers Union is the Review Committee of the Proletarian Writers Association.Fadeyev was one of its main leaders from 1926 to 1932. 〔6〕 "The Last of Udage", that is, "The Last Udage", Fadeyev's novel, is not finished.The word "completed" here refers to the first part published in "October" magazine in 1929. 〔7〕R． D． Charques la de Gargue, English translator of Destruction. VerlagfurLiteraturundPolitik, German: Literary and Political Publishing House. [8] It is also unknown to the king. [9] An article by Yoshito Kurohara refers to "About <Destroy>" which is contained in the first volume of the translated version of "Destruction". 〔10〕Avant-Garde is a magazine published in Japan. It was founded in Tokyo in January 1922. [11] Luoyang is Feng Xuefeng. 〔12〕Radinov (C._NGPFTJ, 1887-1967) interpreter Radinov, a Soviet artist and poet.Wei Suislav Cuif (H.KRAIXUNJhIJ), Soviet artist. 〔13〕Embroidered portraits of characters in old popular novels. Translator's Notes to Chapters 1 to 3 of Part Two of "Crash" [1] Regarding this novel, the description of Yoshihito Kurahara translated in the second volume of this magazine is already quite clear.But when I finished translating the first half of the second part, I wanted to write a few words about my impressions that occurred at any time during the translation. These chapters are very important, and they are precious words, which are bought with part or all of their lives, and cannot be written by soldiers who have not experienced battles. For example, first of all, it is the anatomy of a petty bourgeois intellectual—Medik; he wants innovation, but nostalgia; he is fighting, but wants peace; Eating the fruit of the impossible—Korean pork—why, because he was hungry!His views on Baklanov's uneducated benefits, I think, are correct, but this kind of complex meaning, which one would not know without an old-fashioned bad education experience, Baklanov is of course unable to grasp. .And so on, so they can't understand each other and move forward together.If readers feel that Medik can be sympathetic and forgiving when reading this book, even if he also has his shortcomings, and if he is not aware of his own shortcomings, he will not truly understand the future revolution. of. Secondly, it is a description of when the raiding group was oppressed, attacked, and endangered by the White Army—the Japanese Army and the Kolchok Army.At this time, the team members showed some resistance or indifference to the captain, which was a sign of disintegration.But it has to be when the revolution is going on, because if everything is all right and everything is going smoothly, then there is no revolution, there is no battle.The masses first became revolutionaries, so they raised their arms and shouted, and all the people responded, without losing a single soldier, without firing a single arrow, and became a revolutionary world. The same idea of ​​"Chinese cultural relics country" is Utopia [3].The revolution has blood, it has filth, but it has babies.This "collapse" is just a drop of blood before rebirth, and it is a great lesson dedicated to modern people by actual fighters.Although there is indifference, wavering, even because of dependence and instinct, everyone still moves towards the goal. Even if the future is "death", after all, this "death" has lost its personal meaning and has merged with the public.So as long as there is a newborn baby, "collapse" is part of "new birth".Chinese revolutionary writers and critics often demand to describe a perfect revolution and complete revolutionaries. Although their opinions are superb and perfect, they are also Utopians in the end. And secondly, they poisoned Frorov to death in a critical moment, and the author made this into a very moving scene.Some "civilized people" in Europe thought that the barbarians killed babies and old people because they were cruel and savage, but the anthropologists who have conducted on-the-spot investigations have proved them wrong: they killed them because of food. Forced, forced by a strong enemy, out of a last resort, comparing the two, it is more appropriate to kill and go by yourself than to entrust it to tigers, wolves, or enemies. So in this killing, there is still "love".This section of the book describes this situation very clearly (although it also includes self-interested elements who feel "relaxed").Western priests often say that Chinese "drowning daughters" and "drowning infants" are due to cruelty, and it can be deduced from this that they are wrong. In fact, they have a last resort: poverty.The year before last I gave a lecture on "The Theory of Being Old and Immortal" [4] in a school, and I expressed the same meaning, but a young revolutionary writer [5] memorized it indiscriminately, added a section of ridicule, and submitted it to the daily newspaper for publication. When I came out, my speech was completely changed. My feelings about the translation in this issue are generally the same, but the words are too brief, and there are still many things that are not expressive. I only hope that the readers can help a little. If you want to understand it well, you must be an actual revolutionist. At least, you must understand the meaning of revolution and have a broad understanding of society. At least, you must study materialist literary history and literary theory. On February 8, 1930, L. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕This article, together with the translation of Chapters 1 to 3 of the second part of "Destruction", was originally published in the fourth issue of the first volume of the "Sprout" monthly magazine on April 1, 1930, and was not printed in a separate edition. 〔2〕Refers to Kurohara Yoshito's "Fadeyev's Novel" (translated by Luo Yang), published in the second issue of the first volume of the monthly "Sprout" (February 1, 1930).Later, when "Crash" was printed, the title was changed to "About <Destruction>". 〔3〕Utopia is a transliteration of the Latin word Utopia, which originated from Greek and means "nowhere".In his novel written in 1516, British Thomas More (T. More, 1478-1535) described a social organization called "Utopia", which entrusted the author's ideal of utopian socialism.Thus "Utopia" has become a synonym for "Utopia". 〔4〕"Theory of Being Old and Not Dying", a speech given by Lu Xun at Fudan Experimental Middle School in Jiangwan, Shanghai on May 15, 1928.The manuscript is lost. [5] A young revolutionary writer refers to Ge Shirong, a student of the Chinese Department of Fudan University at that time.