Chapter 19 "October" [1]

"October" [1] Postscript [2] The author's first and last name, if written in full, is Aleksandr Stepanovitch Yakovlev.The first character is the first name; the second character is the father's name, which means "the son of Stepan"; the third character is the surname.The date of writing is not recorded in the autobiography, but it was first published in the first volume of "Literary Russia" (Vladimir Lidin: Literaturna-ya Russiya) edited by Li Ding and published in 1924. , at least this year.In the "Writer's Biography" (Pisateli) [4] published in Moscow in 1928, the autobiography of Jacob Wulev is also the same, but the list of works is added: from 1923 to 28 In 2010, twenty-five kinds have been published.

In the era of wartime communism [5], Russia was also suffering in literature and art because of the lack of material and the hardships of life.When the New Economic Policy [6] was implemented in 1921, the literary and art circles became lively again.At this time, the most notable ones were those supported by Varonsky in the magazine "Red New Ground", and Trotsky first gave a distinctive title to "fellow travelers" [7]. "The apparent date of the appearance of the 'fellow travellers' can also be compared to the 'House of Art in Leningrad' [9 ], counted into it. (Commission omitted.) In essence, this group does not express any schools and tendencies in the direct sense. Combined with the 'brothers', it is about Free art ideas, no matter what kind of thing, they are all against any plan. If you want to say that they also have a program, then it is the negation of all programs. The most clear expression of this is Shu M. Zoshchen-ko (M. Zoshchen-ko) [10]: "From the point of view of a party member, I am a person without doctrine. That's good. If you ask me to speak for myself, then-I am neither a communist nor a communist. Not a Socialist-Revolutionary, not an imperialist. I'm just a Russian. And - politically, immorally. On a general scale, the Bolsheviks are closest to me. I also agree with the Bolsheviks. The Seviks came to implement Bolshevism. (omitted in the middle) I love that peasant Russia.' "The program of all 'brothers', that is the essence of such a thing.In one form or another, they express their sympathy for the revolutionary anarchic, even for the moment of Balti (strikers) and their negation of the revolutionary organizational, planning and building elements. bottom attitude. "(P.S. Kogan [12]: Chapter Four of "The Great Decade of Literature".) Jacob Wulev, the author of "October", is one of these "Brothers of Serabion" One.

However, as the name of this group shows, although it takes the name of the novel by Th.A. Those brothers generally have different attitudes.Therefore, each person has different content and forms under the program of "no program".For example, Vsevolod Ivanov [14] and Borispilniak [15], who were different at first and are now even more different, were members of this group before. As for Jacob Wulev, the keynote of art is all about love and conscience, and it is very religious, sometimes even admiring the church.He regards peasants as the highest guardians of human justice and conscience, and only they can connect the whole world in a spirit of friendship.This insight is crystallized in the short story "The Farmer," in which the triumph of "human conscience" is described.I published this translation in last year's "Popular Literature and Art" [16], but because of the title and the nationality of the author, even the advertisement was rejected by Shanghai newspapers. The author's lofty fantasy, at least in China Some places are clearly hitting a wall.

"October" was created in 1923, which can be regarded as his representative work, and it expresses a more progressive ideological form.But none of the characters in it is a revolutionary with an iron will; Reminds people of L. Andreev's [17].The calmer and braver ones are those unknown sailors and soldiers, but they are ninety-nine due to previous training. However, the use of the subjectivity of the youths (Ivan and Walsili) who joined the White Army and were finally hesitant to describe the street fighting of the October Revolution shows the freshness of the film-like structure and description, although A few bright words at the end are not enough to cover up the gloomy and desperate atmosphere throughout the book.However, at the time of the revolution, the situation was complicated. The author's own class and thoughts and feelings certainly prevented him from writing anything more advanced than this, and it cannot be said that there are no such situations in revolutions from time to time.This book is written about the people of Presina Street in Moscow.

To know different thoughts and feelings in a different environment, I think it is natural that there is no such thing as A. Fadeev's "Collapse" [18]. His current life, I don't know.Japan's Otokichi Kuroda[19] once met him and wrote a little "impression", which gives us a glimpse of what he is like: "In the beginning, I met him in the 'Herzen House'[20], but among many people, Yakovulev was not a person who would show off, so he didn't say much. The second meeting was at the home of Li Ding [21]. Since then, I have liked him. "He wrote in his autobiography: his father was a dyer, his relatives were all serfs, and his mother's relatives were Volga boatmen. His father and grandparents could neither read nor write. We met for a while. Look, it is true that he gives the impression that he was born in the "black soil" of Great Russia. The word "simple" can be embedded in him, but he is not rough, calm and calm, he is a man who can't even speak loudly. The typical "new intellectuals of modern Russia whose ancestors were serfs" was not issued.

"Looking at the novel "October" which is based on the October Revolution in Moscow, it can be said that all his works describe the life in the lower part of the Volga River where he grew up, especially the society. Bottom, and the characteristics of the bottom of the economy. "I heard that Jacob Wulev got up at about five o'clock every morning, cleaned his body, and recited the scriptures quietly before he began to create. Going to bed early is almost a kind of Russian knowledge. Class, especially the qualifications of a literary scholar, but he is a very changed person. I remember that he did not drink a little wine in Liding's home." ("New Literature" [22] No. 5, 1928.) He My father's occupation, the "Autobiography" I translated was retranslated according to the "Literary Front" [23] by Keisho Oze in Japan, it is "painter", but here it is "dyeer".The original text is pronounced in Roman characters, and it is "Ochez-Mal'Yar [24]". I don't know who translated it correctly.

The base version of this book is the original translation of Kohei Ida in Japan. It was published by the Tokyo Southern Song Academy [25] the year before last. It is the fourth volume of the "World Socialist Literature Series".Mr. Duff [26] edited "Popular Literature and Art" last year and called for manuscripts. He translated a few chapters and posted them there. Later, he stopped editing, and I stopped translating.It was not until the end of this summer that I finished translating it in a glass-doored house.At that time Mr. Cao Jinghua [27] sent me a copy of the original text, which was one of the "Roman Gazeta" (Roman Gazeta) [28]. The place was also corrected according to the original, and the eyebrows were finally clearer.

There is also a little redundancy: First, this novel is not the work of Proletariat [29].It was not banned in the Soviet Union before, and it is still in practice now, so our university professors picked up the scorn of the Russians, saying that they are using the Marxist theory to weigh two things, neither too much nor too little, which is an exaggeration. In fact, they want to use this as an excuse to make a judgment on their own.Some writers in the "ivory tower" will hear these words, and they will turn pale, and then make a statement at a distance, which is really wronged. Second, there is another Jacob Vulev in Russia who wrote "On Pulikhanov", an assistant professor at the Leningrad State University of Arts, and a theorist of Marxist literature. Author of the month.In addition, there are naturally many people with the surname Jacob Wulev.

However, all "fellow travelers" do not all fly in mid-air forever after walking a certain distance together. In the middle of the construction of socialism, clutches and changes must occur. Ke Gan wrote in "The Great Decade of Literature" " said: "The literature of the so-called 'fellow travelers', and this (proletarian literature), have achieved another road. They are going from literature to life, starting from the technology with self-sustaining value. They are first and foremost, will revolution as the subject of a work of art. They expressly declare themselves the enemy of all tendencies, and imagine a free republic of writers who have nothing to do with them. In fact, these 'pure' literaryisms At last they had to be drawn into the seething struggle on all fronts, and they joined it. By the end of the first ten years, the proletarian writers who had moved from revolutionary life to literature , and the "fellow travelers" who went from literature to revolutionary real life, the two phases merged. At the end of the decade, there was a grand attempt to form the Union of Soviet Writers, so that all groups could join together. To commemorate, It's undeniable."

Regarding the past of "fellow traveler" literature, and the overall current situation, I think this is very concise and clear. August 30, 1930, translator. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕October is a novella written in 1923 by the Soviet "fellow traveler" writer Jacob Wulev describing the Moscow Uprising during the October Revolution.Lu Xun began the translation in early 1929 and finished it in the late summer of the following year.It was published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society until February 1933, and was listed as one of the "Modern Literature and Art Series" (edited by Lu Xun).

The translation of the first four chapters of this book was originally published in the fifth and sixth issues of the first volume of the monthly magazine "Popular Literature and Art" (January 20 and February 20, 1929); Up to the last chapter, it has not been published in newspapers after translation. Yakovlev (E.d.k] TJUIJ, 1886-1953) interpreted Yakovlev, a Soviet novelist.He started literary creation before the October Revolution and participated in the literary group "Brothers of Serapion".He is the author of the novellas "Free People", "October", and the novel "Man and the Desert". 〔2〕 This article was originally printed in a separate edition of "October" and has not been published in newspapers. 〔3〕A literary series edited by Literary Russia. The first volume was published in 1924. It was entitled "Literary Russia·Contemporary Russian Prose Collection", which selected the autobiographies of 28 writers. and works. 〔4〕The original title of "The Writer's Biography" is "QPXNYIUP" ("The Writer"), and the subtitle is "Autobiography and Portraits of Contemporary Russian Prose Writers". It was published in Moscow in 1928. [5] War Communism The policy implemented by the Soviet Union during the period of foreign armed intervention and civil war between 1918 and 1920 to mobilize all domestic resources to meet front-line needs.The content includes the control of all industries by the state; the implementation of a foreign trade monopoly system; the implementation of a surplus grain collection system and the prohibition of private sales of grain, etc. [6] The New Economic Policy After the end of the civil war, the Soviet Union began to implement the New Economic Policy in the spring of 1921. It no longer implemented the direct exchange of goods without the market or beyond the market, and replaced the surplus grain collection system with a grain tax. [7] "Fellow travelers" around 1921, Soviet literary and art critics used to call the writers represented by the "Serapion Brothers" group, which means that they sympathize with the proletarian revolution and can walk together for a while. [8] "Brothers of Serapion" is also translated as "Brothers of Serapion", based on the novel of the same name by German novelist Hoffman (the content describes the six Serapion brothers, each representing a different personality) named literary group.Founded in Petrograd (now Leningrad) in 1921 and dissolved in 1924.They advocate that writers do not care about politics, ignore the ideological content of their works, and deny the social significance of literature.Representatives include Lunzhi, Zuoqinke and so on. 〔9〕The Art House is also called the "Art House".The Art House and Literati House (House of Writers) established in Leningrad in the autumn of 1928 was a place for gatherings and readings of writers and artists at that time. [10] Shuxue Jianke (L.L.rTAIF]T, 1895-1958) interpreted Zuoqinke, a Soviet "fellow traveler" writer.Literary activities began in 1921, and most of his works were based on the trivial life of ordinary citizens.His main works include short story collection "Respectable Citizen" and so on. [11] Transliteration of Balti Mountain Russian QNHYPfNF (Guerrilla). 〔12〕P. S． Kogan Gegeng (Q.d.gTBNF, 1872-1932), a historian of Soviet literature.After the October Revolution, he became a professor at Moscow University.Author of "Introduction to the History of Western European Literature", "Outline of the History of Modern Russian Literature" and so on. "Literature of the Great Decade" is his literary treatise written in 1927. It reviews the general situation of Soviet literature from 1917 to 1927. There is a translation by Shen Duanxian entitled "The Great Ten Years" Literature", published by Shanghai Nanqiang Book Company in September 1930. 〔13〕Hoffmann (1776-1822) German romantic novelist, author of "Gold Pot", "Flea Master" and so on.His collection of short stories "The Brothers Serapion" advocated "art for art's sake", which had a great influence on decadent literature. [14] Ivanov (K.KcJNFTJ, 1895-1963) Soviet writer.Worked as a worker and published a novel in 1915, which was appreciated by Gorky, that is, to concentrate on literature.Representative works include "Armored Train" and so on. 〔15〕Bilniek (a.E.QPUCFB], 1894-1941) also translated Pinek, a Soviet "fellow traveler" writer.After the October Revolution, he was politically inclined to revolution, but he did not get rid of the anarchist tendency in creation.He is the author of novels such as "The Bright Years". 〔16〕Popular Literature and Art Monthly, edited by Yu Dafu and Charetti, published by Shanghai Modern Bookstore in September 1928.In the later period, it was one of the "Leftist League" organ publications. It was banned by the Kuomintang government in June 1930, and a total of twelve issues were published. 〔17〕Antlef's should be Thoreau Cooper's, with Chen Weimo's translation, published by Shanghai Commercial Press in March 1936.Thoreau Cooper ([.g.dTUTB S, 1863-1927), Russian writer.Author of the novel "Little Ghost", etc. 〔18〕Fadeyev (E.E. [NpIIJ, 1901-1956) interpreted Fadeyev, a Soviet writer. "Crash", that is, "Destroy", a novel, has a translation by Lu Xun, and was published in 1931 under the name of "Sanxian Bookstore". 〔19〕Otokichi Kuroda (1888-1971) was a reporter for Japan's "Osaka Mainichi Shimbun" and had studied in the Soviet Union.Author of "Statue of the Soviet", "Adventure of the Arctic Ocean" and so on. 〔20〕"Herzen House" is the old house of Russian writer Herzen (E.c.MIHGIF, 1812-1870), where the Moscow Literary Scholars Club was once established. Literary groups such as the "All-Russian Proletarian Writers Association" and the "Russian Proletarian Writers Association" also set up offices here.In the early days of the October Revolution, some writers often read their unpublished works here. [21] Liding (K.M.CPGPF) Soviet novelist.Author of the novel "The Renegade" and so on.During World War II, he served as an army reporter and wrote many war stories. 〔22〕Emerging Literature, a series of foreign literature published by Japan's Ordinary Society, edited by Yasaburo Shimo. [23] "Literary Front" should be "Art Front", a collection of works of Soviet writers compiled by Keishi Oze, Japan, published in Tokyo in 1926. [24] "Ochez-Mal'Yar" is "DYIG^LNUBH" in Russian, that is, "father-painter". 〔25〕Ida Kohei (1879-1936) was a Japanese translator and a former professor of Russian.Southern Song Academy, a publishing house in Tokyo, Japan. [26] Dafu is Yu Dafu (1896-1945), a native of Fuyang, Zhejiang, a writer.One of the main members of the Creation Society.In 1928, he co-edited the monthly magazine with Lu Xun.She is the author of a collection of short stories "Sinking", a novella, "She Is a Weak Woman", and a collection of travel essays "Clogs Are Everywhere". 〔27〕Cao Jinghua, a native of the Lu family in Henan, a member of the Weiming Society, and a translator.In his early years, he studied and worked in the Soviet Union, and after returning to China, he taught at Peking University Women's College of Arts and Sciences, Northeastern University and other schools. Translations include "Iron Flow", "City and Year" and so on. 〔28〕The Russian version of "Roman Magazine" is "_TmNF^MNfIYN", that is, "Fiction Newspaper", which was published by the Soviet State Literature Publishing House and was founded in 1927. 〔29〕 Proletariat is the proletariat, a transliteration of English Proletariat, derived from the Latin Proletarius. Translator's Notes on the First Two Sections of "October" [1] The "non-revolutionary" short story "The Peasant" by the same author was reportedly rejected by major newspapers because of the title.This time, I will translate his novella again. The concept is a little more advanced than that of "The Peasant", but it is still "non-revolutionary". I think its life is to write what can be written: true. My original intention in translating this article is neither to fear my own decline, nor to advocate others' revolution, but to show readers the situation at that time and that place, which can be regarded as a temporary history[2]. Don't worry. The base version I used was the translation by Kohei Ida, Japan. On January 2, 1929, the translator knew. ※ ※ ※ [1] This article, together with the translations of the first and second sections of "October", was originally published in the fifth issue of the first volume of the monthly "Popular Literature and Art" on January 20, 1929, and was not printed in a separate edition. 〔2〕Ban Gu Shi Yu published Ban Gu's "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi": "Novelists are popular, and they are based on barnyard officials."Later, the novels and notes that recorded anecdotes and trifles were generally referred to as barnyard official and unofficial history, or slightly barnyard history.