Chapter 11 "Little John" [1]

〔1〕 Introduction [2] In my "Shangzhi Diary" [3], there is such a passage:—— "When we arrived in Central Park, we arrived at a secluded place agreed upon by the radial direction. Shoushan had arrived first, and after a short rest, we began to translate. This is a good book, but it came about by accident. It was written about twenty years ago. , I bought dozens of old German literary magazines in a second-hand bookstore in Tokyo, Japan, which contained the introduction of the book and the author's commentary, because it was just translated into German at that time. I found it interesting, so I asked Maruzen Bookstore [ 4) I went to buy it; I wanted to translate it, but I didn’t have the strength. Later, I often thought about it, but it was always distracted by other things. It was not until last year that I decided to translate it well during the summer vacation and advertise it. One summer vacation[5] was more difficult than other times. I remembered it this year. After reviewing it, I found that there were many difficulties, but I still didn’t have the strength. I asked Shoushan if he would be willing to translate together, and he agreed, so he started , and agreed that the translation must be completed during this summer vacation.”

This happened last year, July 6, 1926.Then, twenty years ago was naturally 1906.The so-called literary magazine was introduced by Daslitter^arische Echo (Daslitter^arische Echo) published on August 1, 1899 [6]. But it is still the twenty-first issue of the first volume.The original work was published in 1887, and the author was only 28 years old; the German translation was not printed until 13 years later, and the translation was still before that, and the Chinese translation was 40 years after publication. He is sixty-eight years old. The words in the diary are very simple, but contain many trivial matters.When studying abroad, in addition to listening to textbooks and copying lectures of the same kind as textbooks, I also had some fun. For me, one of them was to visit the second-hand bookstores in Kanda Ward[7].After the great earthquake in Japan, it must have been very different. At that time, there were quite a lot of bookstores in this area. Every summer evening, a group of students in shabby clothes and hats would often gather.The left and right walls of the store and the big bed in the middle are full of books, and in the depths of the store is probably a shrewd shopkeeper sitting kneeling, with piercing eyes, from my point of view, it looks like a big spider sitting quietly on the web, waiting for someone to entrap itself. limited tuition.But I can't help being like others, wandering in unknowingly, looking through, how many books to buy, and I feel a little empty in my arms.

But the shabby fortnightly "Literary Response" also got it from such a place. I still remember that the purpose of buying it at that time was ridiculous, but I wanted to see the titles of the books they published every half month and the news of the literary circles of various countries. Those are better, but as for the ambition to buy and read group books, I don't even have it in my dreams.But I happened to see the specimen of the translation contained in it, that is, the fifth chapter of this book, which fascinated me very much.A few days later, I went to Nanjiangtang [9] to buy the book. I didn't have the book, and I went to Maruzen Bookstore, but I didn't have it either, so I had to ask him to order it from Germany.About three months later, this book was actually in my hands. It was translated by Ms. Anna Fles, with a preface by Dr. Paul Rache at the front, Biblio^thekdieGe- samt-LitteraturdesIn-und-Auslan^des, verlagvonOttoHendel, one of Hallea.d.S.) [10], the price is only seventy-five finners [11], that is, our four corners, and it is also on canvas!

As the preface says, this is a "fairy tale poem that symbolizes realism".Poems without rhyme, fairy tales for grown-ups.Because the author's knowledge and sensitivity may have surpassed that of ordinary adult fairy tales.Among them, the life of gold bugs, the words and deeds of fungi, the ideals of fireflies, and the peace theory of ants are all a mixture of reality and fantasy.I am a little afraid that if you don't pay much attention to the phenomena of the biological world, you will lose some interest in it.But I have a hunch that there are people who love it, as long as they don't lose their innocent hearts, and feel that there is a "metropolis where humanity and their sorrows lie" somewhere.

This is indeed a contradiction of human nature, and the joys and sorrows entangled by misfortune and fortune.When people are immature, they follow "Xuaner" and become friends with nature.It's a blessing or a disaster, but after a while, I seek knowledge: how, what, and why?Then came the concretization of the desire for knowledge: the little ghost "knowledge"; gradually encountered the cold spirit of scientific research: "penetrating".Childhood dreams are torn to pieces; as for scientific research, "the beginning of everything he learns is good,—but the deeper he delves, the more bleak and bleak it all is."—Only " "Dr. Number" is a happy person. As long as all the results are turned into numbers on paper, he will be satisfied and see the light.Whoever wants to make progress will have to suffer.why?The reason is that he knows a little, but he doesn't know everything, so he is finally one of the "human beings", unable to fit with nature, and takes the heart of heaven and earth as his heart.John is looking for such a book that can tell everything at a glance, but because of this, he gets "knowledge" instead of "penetrating". In the end, he only learns from "Dr. Number" as a teacher, adding more pain.It wasn't until he saw God in himself, approaching "the metropolis where humanity and their sorrows reside", that he realized that this book is not in the world, but can be found from two places: one is "Xuaner", the lost The chaos that originally merged with nature, the first is "eternal death" - death, the chaos that has not yet come and then merged with nature.And it is clear that the two of them are in the same boat...

If we give a speech in a foreign land, because of the difference in language, there is no help for an interpreter. At most, we are afraid that he will omit, make mistakes, and lose his spirit.But if the translator adds some explanations, affirmations, summaries, or even elucidations, I think both the speaker and the listeners will hate it.So I don't want to say anything more about the content either. I also don't want others to persuade me to eat what he likes, but what I like to eat, I often persuade people to eat what I like.The same is true for the things I read, that is, one of them is a book that I like to read and I want others to read, so unconsciously, I have the meaning of translating it into Chinese.This meaning happened very early, because I have long felt as if I owed a huge debt to the author and readers.

But why didn't it start earlier? "Busy" is an excuse; the main reason is still very unclear.It seems that I already understand it, but when it comes to pulling out the pen to translate, I feel confused again. All in all, it is because my foreign language skills are not enough. The year before last, I had made up my mind to use my time during the summer vacation to walk this path with the help of a dictionary. Unexpectedly, there was no time, and at least two or three months of my life would be spent in "gentlemen" and "scholars". "They are under siege [12].Last summer, when I was about to leave Beijing, I remembered this book first, and my friend who had worked with me for many years, Qi Zongyijun, who once helped me translate "Worker Sui Huiluev", hid in a small house with red walls in Central Park Here, first translate into a draft.

Our translation is every afternoon, there must be a pot of good tea around you and a lot of sweat on your body.Sometimes it goes very quickly, sometimes the dispute is fierce, sometimes it is discussed, and sometimes no one can think of a proper translation.When I was dizzy from translating, I looked at the sunlight and green shade outside the small window, my mind gradually calmed down, and I slowly heard the cicadas singing on the tall trees. This continued for about a month.Soon I took my drafts to Xiamen University, and wanted to find time to sort them out there, but I didn’t have the time; I couldn’t live anymore, because there were also “scholars” there.So I took it to Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou, trying to find time to organize it there, but I didn't have the time; and I couldn't live anymore, and "scholars" came there again.As a result, he fled into his own apartment with him—the rent was just rented for less than a month;

Very wide, but very hot house - Baiyun Building. The scenery of sand hills by the sea in Holland, just described in this book, is enough to fascinate people.The outside of my building is different: the sky is full of hot sunshine, and there are occasional torrential rains; in the small harbor in front are more than a dozen boats from 蜑户〔13〕. The joys and sorrows of the city.It also seems to feel that there are youthful lives dying, or being killed, or moaning, or "running a rotten business" (14) and making materials for this business.However, I gradually realized that my life still exists in this silent city, even though I have retreated steadily, I have not perished.It's just that the "fire cloud" [15] was not seen, and it was rainy and cloudy, and it seemed to be clear and ambiguous, and it seemed that it was time to sort out this translation.So I started on May 2, made minor corrections, and transcribed it. It was finished at the end of the month, and it took another month.

It's a pity that my old colleague Qi Jun now doesn't know where he is roaming. Since we parted last year, he hasn't heard from him so far. Although he has doubts, he has no way to discuss or argue.If there is any mistranslation, I will be responsible for it.In addition, although the city is silent, there are sometimes scouting eyes, or fake letters, or Beijing-style rumors [16] to disturb the eyes and ears, so writing is always sloppy.If you want to translate it literally, the sentences will become awkward; Owen is clear, but my strength is really not enough to achieve it.Although, as Poledimund [17] said, "simple language close to a child's language" is used, it is difficult enough to translate, and the result is still unsatisfactory.For example, the urgent and powerful sentence at the end: "UndmitseinemBegleitergingerdenfrostigenNachtwindeentgegen,denschwerenWegnachdergrossen, finsternStadt, wodieMenschheitwarundihrWeh." "The way" is long and incomprehensible, but I have no better way to translate it, because once it is dissolved, the spirit and strength will be very different.The original translation, however, is very clear: the hard road is taken, and the road leads to the great dark city, which is the place of human beings and their sorrows.

The names of animals and plants also give me a lot of difficulty.I only have a copy of "Xinduhe Dictionary" [18] with me, from which I can look up Japanese names, and then a copy of "Ci Lin" [19] to look up Chinese characters.However, there are still more than twenty that cannot be found. For the translations of these, I would like to thank Mr. Zhou Jianren [20] for giving me a more detailed dictionary in Shanghai.However, we have always been too alienated from nature. Even if we find out the name in the book, we don't know what the real thing is.Chrysanthemum and pine, we understand it, but the purple chrysanthemum is a bit fuzzy, and even the translator does not know what the shape and color of the lotus flower (primel), although it has been written down according to the dictionary.There are many things that live on the sand in the Netherlands, no wonder we are not familiar with them, but, such as the rat woman (Kellerassel) and millet (Lauferkalfer) among insects, I remember that in my hometown, just turn over a broken brick on the wet ground Or gravel will meet.We call the latter one "stinky woman" because it smells bad all over; I have never heard anyone call it the former one, and it seems that the folks in my hometown have not yet given it a name; pig". Contrary to the literal translation of the text, the name of the character is a free translation because it is a symbol.What Wistik agreed last year was "gairan", but now that the words "gai" were doubtful and slightly inappropriate, he simply changed it to "general knowledge".Pleuzer, the ruthless elf of scientific research, is the German translation of Klauber. Originally, it would be better to translate it as "the nitpicker".However, ever since Professor Chen Yuan [21] coined the phrase "picking up the trend", I have avoided using it, because I am afraid that the teaching power of "Gossip" is very great, and this translation of the name will suddenly be interpreted as "provoking".Using this as an alias for a scholar is like a knife and pen [22], so it is a felony again, so it is better to simply translate it as "penetrating".What's more, China's so-called "dug a hole every day and die in 'chaos'" (23) is also very similar to his idea of ​​pulling John away from nature.Little girl Robinetta, I couldn’t understand its meaning for a long time, and wanted to transliterate it; in the middle of this month, I asked Mr. Jiang Shaoyuan [24] to try to do a final investigation, and I got a reply a few days later:—— One ROBINETTA, not included in Webster's Dictionary [25].Because I suspected that she and ROBIN were one yin and one yang, I checked ROBIN again and saw the following explanation:—— ROBIN: It's the affectionate name of ROBERT, and ROBERT's original training is "excellent name" (!) Then, well, it will be translated as "Ronger". In British folklore, there is a Robinggoodfellow [26], a monster who likes to play tricks.If the Netherlands also says this, then the reason why the little girl is called Robinetta is probably related to this.Because she really played a terrible joke with little John. "John Batall", a "Book of Love", is the sequel and the end.I do not know of translations in other countries; but, according to his fellow-country, Poledermonde, "it is a symbolic prose poem, not narrating or describing, but weeping and cheering"; and it was he, Also "do not quite understand". Although Dr. Laihe's preface in the original translation doesn't say much about the book, it can give you a glimpse of Dutch literature in the 1880s, so I translated it.In addition, I also have two texts as appendices.One is the critical biography of the author of this book, Fu Lai Trik Wang Ai Tan, which is published in the twenty-first issue of the first volume of "Repercussions of Literature". The author of the biography, Poledimund, was a famous Dutch poet at that time. He was mentioned in the preface of Laihe, but he was quite dissatisfied with his poems.His writing is also peculiar, which made me a little scared to translate, and I wanted to stop, but since I could know a little bit of Wang Aitin's experience and works up to that time, I simply finished translating it, which was considered a futile task.The last one is my little note about translating the names of animals and plants, which has nothing to do with it. I don't know anything about the writers other than those mentioned in the commentary and later.I only vaguely remember that during the European War, the spiritual laborers had a declaration against the war [27], which was also translated and published in "New Youth" in China, which indeed had his signature. On May 30, 1927, Lu Xun wrote it down at the west window of the Dongdi apartment building in Guangzhou. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕A long fairy tale by the Dutch writer Wang Aiqin, which symbolizes a realistic fairy tale poem.The original work was published in 1887. Lu Xun and Qi Zongyi (Shoushan) began to translate it together in July 1926, and the translation was completed in August.It was published by Beijing Weiming Press in January 1928 and listed as one of the "Weiming Series".Except for the "Introduction", the text of this book and other chapters have not been published in newspapers. Wang Ai Tan (F. W. Van Eeden, 1860-1932) was a physician and a writer.He is one of the moderators of the "New Leader" magazine, which was originally published in this publication.His main works include the long poem "Ellen", the poetic drama "Brothers", and the novel "The Abyss of Death", etc. 〔2〕 This article was titled "The Preface to "Little John". It was originally published in the No. 137 issue of "Yusi" Weekly on June 26, 1927, and was later printed in a separate volume. 〔3〕Income from Ma Ma Zhi Diary. 〔4〕Maruzen Bookstore, a foreign language bookstore in Kanda District, Tokyo, Japan. [5] That summer vacation refers to the summer vacation in 1925.At that time, Duan Qirui and Zhang Shizhao were stepping up their suppression of the student movement at Beijing Women's Normal University and persecuting Lu Xun.That's why it says "it's been tougher than other times". [6] "Literary Echo", a German-language magazine for literary criticism, continued to be published in the 1930s. 〔7〕Kanda District, the central area of ​​Tokyo, Japan, where bookstores are concentrated. 〔8〕Passing through the Tumen and chewing on the words, see Cao Zhi's "Book with Wu Jizhong" in "Selected Works": "Chewing after passing the Tumen, although there is no meat, it is also satisfying." [9] Nanjiangtang was a bookstore in Tokyo, Japan at that time. [10] German: "Domestic and Foreign Literature Series", Otto Handel Publishing House, in Halle by the Zale River. 〔11〕The transliteration of Finner Pfennig, also translated as Finney, the name of German currency, one hundred Finney and one Mark. [12] Lu Xun left Beijing in August 1926 to teach at Xiamen University.The "honest man" and "scholar" here refer to Chen Yuan (Xiying), Gu Jiegang and others.Lu Xun resigned due to his dissatisfaction with Xiamen University, and went to teach at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou in January 1927.Soon Gu Jiegang also moved from Xiamen University to Sun Yat-sen University. 〔13〕蜑hu means Danhu, also known as Danmin.In the old days, it was used to refer to the water dwellers engaged in fishing and water transportation in the coastal harbors and inland rivers of Guangdong, Fujian, and Guangxi, and most of them took boats as their homes. 〔14〕The original language of "running a rotten business" can be found in the "Appendix" of the translated version, the author's commentary "Fleetrick Wang Aitin" written by D. Mond: "Lead poor young John to the grave, the dead body among the maggots, who run a rotten business..." [15] "Fire Cloud" At the end of the book, John saw the "Fire Cloud": "He glanced at the far end of the road. In the bright space surrounded by the big fire cloud, he also saw a small The form of black." 〔16〕The eye of reconnaissance During Lu Xun's tenure at Sun Yat-sen University in 1927, it was just before and after the Kuomintang reactionaries launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, and the political environment was complicated.In a letter from Lu Xun to Li Xiaofeng on September 3 of this year, he mentioned his situation after he arrived in Guangzhou: "For interviews, for research, for literature, for detective thinking, for prefaces, for inscriptions, for speeches, for making a lot of noise." It’s such a joy.” (See “Ji Ji Ji Correspondence”) The letter played by Sun Yat-sen University refers to the so-called condolence letter issued by Sun Yat-sen University to Lu Xun’s resignation.Beijing-style rumors refer to the rumors and slander of Lu Xun by the modern critics of the Qirui reactionary government who are similar to Lu Xun in Beijing. 〔17〕P. deMont (P. deMont, 1857-1931) interpreted by Paul de Mont, a Belgian poet and critic.He is the author of collections of poems such as "Laurelai", "Flying Butterfly", "Summer Flame".He once said in the article "Freiterick Wang Aitin": "The performance of the whole" and "simple language close to children". 〔18〕 "Xinduhe Dictionary" is "Xinde Ri Dictionary".Japanese call German a monologue; And, a different name for Japan. 〔19〕 "Ci Lin" Japanese Dictionary, edited by Kanazawa Shozaburo, published by Sanseido Bookstore in Tokyo, Japan in 1927. 〔20〕 Zhou Jian Renzi Qiao Feng, Lu Xun's third brother, a biologist.At that time, he was the editor of Shanghai Commercial Press. 〔21〕Chen Yuan (1896-1970), courtesy name Tongbo, pen name Xiying, was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, and was a major member of the Modern Criticism School.He was a professor at Peking University at the time. "Critical trend" is Chen Yuan's attack on Lu Xun and others who supported the movement of women's normal college students in the twenty-fifth issue of the first volume of "Modern Review" (May 30, 1925), "Gossip".Lu Xun pointed out that Chen Yuan misused the word "picky" in "Hua Gai Ji My "Ji" and "Series"": "It is true that I often want to be "picky" in words, as for the hyphenated word "picky trend" It’s an unreasonable conspiracy, and I still don’t know how to do it.” 〔22〕 Daobi here means "sword and pen official".In ancient times, officials who handled documents were referred to as knife and pen officials, and later they were also used to refer to ordinary litigants who practice writing and ink.Chen Yuan scolded Lu Xun in his open letter to Zhimo (Morning News Supplement, January 30, 1926) as "a famous criminal master who has been an official for more than ten years" and "a sharp-edged official". 〔23〕The phrase "drilling a hole every day leads to the death of chaos" comes from "Zhuangzi · Emperor Ying": "The emperor of the South China Sea is Shu, the emperor of the North Sea is Hu, and the emperor of the center is Chaos. Shu and Hu meet in the chaos. Earth, Chaos treats it very kindly. Shu and Hu planned to repay the virtue of Chaos, saying: "Everyone has seven orifices for seeing, hearing, eating, and breathing; there is nothing like this, try to dig it out." Chaos dies with the sun." 〔24〕Jiang Shao was originally from Jingde, Anhui Province. He used to be a lecturer at Peking University. 〔25〕Webster's Dictionary List of Persons is a dictionary of personal names at the end of the volume of the "English Dictionary" compiled by the American dictionary compiler Webster (N. Webster, 1758-1843). "Webster's Dictionary" was first completed in 1828, and it was added later. [26] Robingoodfellow English: Good fellow Robin.According to legend, it is a little demon who loves to make trouble with others. 〔27〕The declaration against war refers to the "Declaration of Spiritual Independence" drafted by the French writer Romain Rolland in March 1919, which was published in the "Humanite" in Paris on June 29 of the same year, and writers from various countries participated in the signing There are many.This manifesto was translated by Zhang Songnian and published in the first issue of the seventh volume of the monthly "New Youth" (December 1919). Notes on Translated Names of Animals and Plants 〔1〕 Regarding the translations of animals and plants, I have already explained a few in the text, and I have more meanings, so I will write a little more. Now I quite remember my few old books on animals and plants left in Beijing.In this autumn of "discussing redness" [2], I don't know if they are all right?Shouldn't it be a crime?However, even though I am in Guangzhou, the "birthplace of the revolution" [3], I don't dare to pretend to be calm; in order to quickly fulfill a wish, I took some cleverness and wrote a letter to ask Mr. Zhou Jianren in Shanghai.Our letters went back and forth seven times. Fortunately, the envelopes had all sorts of inspection stamps on them, and they were delivered safely, but a bit later. But the result of this letter business is not good.Because the only German books he could look up were the zoology of Her^twig [4] and the botany of Strassburger [5]. From then on, he got the scientific name, and then looked up the Chinese name.He also quoted several times the only "Dictionary of Botany" in China (6). But even though the names on the big dictionary are all Chinese characters, many of them are actually Japanese names.It is true that old Chinese names are often used in Japanese books, but most of them are their words, which are nothing more than written in Chinese characters.If you still move in, the result is equal to nothing.I thought it was inappropriate. It's just that the old Chinese name is too difficult.There are many characters I don't know, and I can't even read the sound of the characters clearly; if I want to know its shape, I look it up in a book, but I often don't get the point.Confucians comment on the birds, animals, plants, trees, insects and fish in "Mao Shi" [7]; Zhi, has always been unable to explain clearly, although everyone has written many books in a hurry.I think that in the future, if there are dedicated biologists, in addition to adopting the old names that can be used, they will also have to study the common names in various places, and choose the more popular and suitable ones as the correct names. This is not enough, but also beneficial With the new system, not to mention anything else, just translating books will go a long way. Below, I will say a few pieces according to the chapters of this book. Kerbel, a plant not long before the first chapter, is unthinkable.This belongs to the Umbelliferae family, and its scientific name is Anthriscus.But I couldn't find out the Chinese translation of the name, and I didn't understand its meaning, so I had to transliterate it: Kaibaile [10].Fortunately it only came out once and then disappeared.It's called jimaku in Japan. There are also several kinds of chapter two:—— Buche is a very common tree in Europe. The leaves are oval and thin, with hairs on the underside and brown bark. The wood can be used for various purposes, and the fruit is edible.Japan is called 橅 (Buna), and they determined that China is called beech. "Materia Medica Bielu" [11] says: "Zelk trees are everywhere in the mountains. The skin is like sandalwood locust tree, and the leaves are like oak oak." Very similar.The "Dictionary of Botany" is also known as.The saddle, Bai Ye, is not used today. When John saw a blue water dragonfly (Libelle), he thought: "This is a moth." I can't find the Chinese name, but I'm afraid it's not a butterfly; I suspected it was a red dragonfly at first, but it's not the case when Mingyun is blue.Now let's translate it as a moth, waiting for the advice of those who know it. Convolvulaceae (Winde), also known as Drum Flower, can be found everywhere in China.On the natural field, the leaves are halberd-shaped or arrowhead-shaped, and the flowers are like morning glory, light red or white in color, open in the morning and wither in the afternoon, so it is called day face in Japan. Xuan'er always likes to hold a flower in her hand.He had taken the swallow flower (Iris) before; in the third chapter, he changed to Maiglolckchen (May bell), which is Maiblume (May flower).Recently, there are two translated names in China: Junyingcao and Lily of the Valley. They are all Japanese names.The latter is used now, because it is relatively solvable. In the fourth chapter there are three kinds of birds, all of which belong to the order of passerines:— One, pirol.The Japanese say that China is called "cutting reed", and they call it "reed cut".It looks like a warbler with a white belly and long tail. It lives in the reeds in summer and is good at singing.I'm now translating it as wren, I don't know if it's right or not. Two, Meise.The body is small, the mouth is small and pointed, and it is good at singing.The head and wings are black, but the cheeks are white, so it is called white-cheeked bird in China.When I was young and lived in my hometown, I heard farmers call it "Zhang Feiniao". Three, Amsel.The back is pale gray, the chest and abdomen are gray and blue, with black spots; it is alert and good at flying.Japan's "Ci Lin" thought it was the Chinese bald bird. There are also two bird names of passerines in Chapter 5: Rohrdrossel und Drossel.There is no way to check it, so we have to translate it literally as reed sparrow and squeak.But the use of words in novels is not as rigorous as in science, and perhaps the two are still the same thing. The two toadstools that are eager to talk, the black and fat ghost fungus (Teufelsschwa-mm) and the slender, red and spotted fly-catching fungus (Fliegenschwamm), are both literal translations, but the word "catch" is added .The birdberry (Vogelbeere) that Flytrap compares itself to is also a literal translation, but because of the word berry, we can also infer that the fruit is red and white, like a mulberry. The "Dictionary of Botany" is called Qiduzao, which is a literal translation of the Japanese name Nanakamado, and the word "degree" is added. The small fungus that sprays the seeds out of the hole and thinks it is big and happy, I remember it is called Physalis in China, because its shape is quite similar to the fruit of Physalis.But I forgot the source and dared not use it; I simply translated the German Erdstern, which is called Earth Star. "The Encyclopedia of Botany" is called Saturn fungus, I think, it is probably the English translation of Earthstar, but I think this Earth is better translated as "earth", so as not to be confused with Saturn in the sky. The Hopfen in Chapter 6 is a transliteration, based on "Chemical Hygiene Theory" [12]. The red cockroach (Rotkehlchen) is a translation.This bird also belongs to the chaffinch family, with a wide and pointed beak, a white belly, auburn head and back, and a lovely song.In China it is called the robin bird. The aster in Chapter 7 is Aster; Xinya is the transliteration of Zinnia, which is called zinnia in Japan. The herald of spring at the beginning of Chapter Eight is Schneeglolckchen, which is called Snow Bell in Germany.The next flower is Viola (Veilchen), which is not necessarily purple, and some people translate it as Viola.The lotus flower (Pri-melod. Schlusselblume) blooms at the end, which is called Primrose in Japan. "Ci Lin" says: "It belongs to Primulaceae, and it grows naturally in the mountains. The leaves are egg-shaped and heart-shaped. The flower stems are long and the tops are umbrella-shaped. Inflorescence. The flowers are reddish-purple or white; they resemble cherry blossoms, hence the name." The noisy pulsatilla bird on the ivy outside the window this time is the translation of Star, not the bald-headed bird mentioned in Chapter 4.But it also belongs to the finches, small in shape like a dove, gray-black in body and white in top; inhabiting the wild, nesting in trees, singing in groups, one with white hair. The animals in the pool that John talked about are also what we need to know in detail.But the water beetle is a literal translation of Wasserkalfer, so I don't know the details.Water spiders (Wasserlalufer) are actually not spiders, but they are similar in shape, only five to six cents long, with a light black and shiny body, and often cluster on the water surface. "Ci Lin" says: The Chinese name is water strider [13].Because it's too quaint, don't use it.Salamander (Salamander) is an amphibian animal, lizard-like, gray-black, living in pool water or stream water, and it is eaten in some places in China.The original translation of stickleback is Stichling. I think this is wrong, because it is a fish that lives at the bottom of the deep sea. Stachelfisch is a small fish in fresh water. It has hard spines on its back and abdomen and is about a foot long. It makes a nest among the stems, leaves or fibrous roots of aquatic plants on the bottom of the water and lays eggs in it.In Japan, the former is called the hard-finned fish, commonly known as the silk fish; the latter is called the spiny-finned fish. Massliebchen〔14〕 doesn't know what the Chinese name is, so let's use the Japanese name, which is Daisy. Ever since Little John lost Xuan'er and Second Rong'er, he has also become estranged from the flowers, insects and birds.But in the ninth chapter, it is also recorded that he met two kinds of proud yellow summer flowers: Nachtkerze und Kolnigskerze, literally translated, is night candle and king candle, scientific name Oenotherbienniset Verbascumthapsus.Both are European plants, and there is no name in China.The former one has been imported a lot recently; many translations use the Japanese names: Evening Primrose, Yuejianzhe, Wanyueya, because it blooms in the evening.But the florist in Beijing once set up another name, which is Yuexiaxiang; I used it in "Peach-colored Clouds", and it is still the same.The latter didn't know the details, so they had to translate the German name literally. Chapter Eleven is a bleak visit to the tomb, with no more interesting creatures to see, of course.There are five kinds of worms that John knows by chanting the dark mantra.Earthworms and centipedes, I think, we all know it too, to the same degree as John.The mouse woman and Malu are relatively unfamiliar, but I have already mentioned it in the introduction.Only Ohrwurm who played lanterns for them, my "Xinduhe Dictionary" noted: earwig.Although it was clearly translated into square characters, and it is indeed a Chinese name, it is still as incomprehensible as Ohrwurm, because I finally don't know what it is.Use the ability of "scholars" to look up ancient books. Some, "Yu Pian" [15] says: "Earwig, the name of an insect; also known as earwig." Crows too." To no avail.I also had no choice but to privately number the doctor, and I was satisfied when I saw the Chinese-style number.There is also a last resort, which is to translate a passage from the Japanese "Ci Lin" to explain its shape: "Insects belonging to the earwig family of Orthoptera. The body is about an inch long; the whole body is dark brown with yellow feet.Wingless; with twenty-segmented antennae.There is a divergence at the end to hold bugs and the like. " The fourteenth chapter uses Sandaluglein as the sand eye, which is a literal translation. This article shows that it is a small butterfly. There is also a munze, there is no other explanation in my "Xinduhe Dictionary" except currency.Qiao Feng wrote in a letter: "There is no such name in the taxonomy of Chad. Later, I looked it up in a German dictionary and found that munze can be interpreted as minze, and minze is also mint. I think it is probably good." , which is translated as mint. Written on June 14, 1927.Lu Xun. ※ ※ ※ [1] This article was originally printed in January 1928 and published by Beijing Weiming Press. 〔2〕"Discuss redness" was originally a political slogan commonly used by Beiyang warlords. They often referred to all communist, revolutionary, slightly progressive, and even all kinds of things they were hostile to as "redness". And the war actions and repressive measures they took in this regard are called "discussing red".When Lu Xun wrote this article, it was the time when the Feng faction warlords were entrenched in Beijing and waging white terror in the name of "discussing red". 〔3〕The "Cause of the Revolution" Guangdong was the earliest revolutionary base during the First Civil Revolutionary War, so it was called the "Cause of the Revolution" at that time.Lu Xun wrote this article after the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in 1917, so he said, "Don't dare to think about it calmly." 〔4〕 Hertwig Hertwig (R. vonHertwig, 1850-1937), a German zoologist. 〔5〕Strassburger Strassburger (E. Strassburger, 1844-1912), a German botanist. 〔6〕 "Dictionary of Botany", edited by Du Yaquan and others, published by Shanghai Commercial Press in February 1918. 〔7〕 Confucian scholars are scholars who study Confucian classics. "Mao Shi", namely.According to legend, it was passed down by Mao Heng and Mao Chang in the early Western Han Dynasty, so it is called "Mao Shi".Wu Luji of the Three Kingdoms wrote "Mao Poems Vegetation, Wood, Birds, Animals, Insects and Fish", which is a special book explaining the animals and plants in "Mao Poems". 〔8〕Primary scholar A scholar who studies language and characters; in the Han Dynasty, philology was called primary school. "Erya", the earliest special book explaining the meaning of words in China, the author is unknown, the book has 19 chapters in total, the first three chapters are general words, and the following chapters are explanations of various names and objects. 〔9〕 "Materia Medica" records the special books of traditional Chinese medicine, collectively referred to as "Materia Medica", such as, ; medicines include gold stones, animals and plants, etc. 〔10〕Kaybele is Nachtegalskruid in Dutch, which means "nightingale grass". An^thriscus, Aspen genus. [11] "Materia Medica Bielu", also known as "Bielu of Famous Doctors", was written by Liang Taohongjing in the Southern Dynasty. The original book has been lost. .For Lu Xun's citation, see Volume XIV of that volume. 〔12〕"Chemical Hygiene Theory" is a book on nutrition, written by Shinstein in England, revised by Royce, translated by Fryer, with 33 chapters in four volumes, published by the Shanghai Guangxi Society in 1879.Hobb, a general translator of Hubu, see the sixteenth chapter of the book "On the Nature of Hubu Flowers and Other Drunkness". [13] Water striders, also known as water horses, are small insects that inhabit ponds. 〔14〕Massliebchen's scientific name is Bellisperennis, the translation name in "Botany Encyclopedia" is Marguerite, and "Inlahan Plant Names" is translated as daisy. [15] "Jade Pian" was compiled by King Guye of Liang in the Southern Dynasty, added by Tang Sunqiang, and rewritten by Chen Pengnian and others in Song Dynasty. 〔16〕Boya was compiled by Wei Zhangyi of the Three Kingdoms. It is a ci book for the study of ancient vocabulary and annotations. ".