Chapter 4 "Modern Fiction Translation Series" [1]

"Modern Fiction Translation Series" [1] "Happiness" Translator's Notes (2) Mikhail Artsybashev's experience, there is an autobiographical legend that is very concise: "Born in 1878. I don't know where I was born. I went to the Evtorsk Lyceum, went up to the fifth grade, and didn't know what to do there. Determined to be an artist, I went to the Kharkov Painting School. I studied there for a whole year, and then went to Petersburg for a week, and worked as the secretary of the local affairs officer for the first two years. I started writing when I was sixteen years old, and published it in the daily newspaper in the country. Let me tell you the name of the daily newspaper. , but I am a little ashamed. The first work is "VSI^jozh" [3], which is contained in "Ruskoje Bagastvo" [4]. After that, I have been writing novels until now."

Although Arzhibasev is not as great as Tolstoi and Gor-kij[5], he is a typical representative writer of the new Russian literature; his works are, of course, nothing more than realistic Pai, but the profoundness of the expression, to him it has reached the extreme.The novel that made him famous is Smert Lande, and the novel that made him even more famous and all kinds of troubles is Sanin. Alzhibashev's writings are world-weary, my lord; and they often smack of flesh.But we need to know that he only described truthfully, although it is unavoidably subjective, it is not advocacy and incitement; his style is not because "after the prosperity of realism, he became solipsistic," but it is just a portrait of the times: let us not forget his A writer who describes modern life.Regarding the criticism of his "Sanin", the letter he sent to Pilart was better than that of Turgenev [6] before him, and I think it is good.The first-class attackers are full of fantasies and fantasies.Elegant is certainly elegant, but the reality is still at a loss, so what are you talking about fantasy and magic?

Arzhibasev's skill is especially in the sketches; this one is also an excellent pure work of art, without spending too much ink, but "the unconscious instinct of inseparable love and hate, not only inseparable but also competing", is completely Write it out, but unfortunately my translation pen can't convey it. This article describes the prostitutes and lustful servants who have fallen on the snow, almost without beauty or ugliness, such as Rodin's sculptures; Gossiping, even the unfortunate, are ruining their own lives in other ways."When the competition is more beautiful, the body is used for entertainment, and when the nose is rotten, the body can only be used for cruel entertainment, and passers-by are not happy people, and there are no people who use it as entertainment material.Anyone who is too full or hungry, if they think about whether, at least spiritually, they have ever taken such entertainment and entertainment passers-by in order to survive, as long as they have a clear mind, they will definitely feel trembling!

Now some critics say that realism is disgusting, and it is a very strange thing not to be tired of facts but to write them out.People forget the beatings on the snow every time they see "the bright lights of the night teahouse are shining brightly in front of them" by chance. ※ ※ ※ Diary for October 30, 1920. [1] "Modern Fiction Translation Collection" is a collection of foreign short stories jointly translated by Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, and Zhou Jianren. Only the first episode is published, signed by Zhou Zuoren for translation, published by Shanghai Commercial Press, and included in "World Series".Thirty novels by eighteen writers from eight countries were collected and published in May 1922, among which Lu Xun translated nine novels by six writers from three countries.

〔2〕 This article, together with the translation of "Happiness", was originally published in December 1920, No. 4, Volume 8, of the monthly magazine "New Youth", and was later included in the first volume of "Modern Fiction Translation Series". [3] "VSljozh" and "In Srijozh", a novel written by Arzhiba Suev in 1901. [4] "Ruskoje Bagastvo" Russian "_ XX]TIaTbNYXYJT", "Russian Fortune", a monthly magazine, founded in Petersburg in 1876 and discontinued in 1918.Since the early 1990s, it has become a publication of liberal populists.

[5] Gorich's general translation of Gorky.See note [1] on page 401 of this volume. 〔6〕Turgenev (c.d.W HbIFIJ, 1818-1883) interpreted Turgenev, a Russian writer.Author of the novels "Hunter's Notes", "Eve", "Virgin Land" and so on.It is his masterpiece, describing the struggle between old and new ideas on the eve of the abolition of Russian serfdom. [7] Rodin (1840-1917) French sculptor.His works include "Bronze Age", "Balzac", "Hugo" and other statues. Notes to the Translator of "Father in America" ​​[1] Fenning has always been estranged from us; but since he broke away from the influence of Russia and Sweden, he is a quiet and progressive country, and his literature and art are also very developed.

Among their writers, there are those who write in Swedish and those in Finnish. Recently, most of them belong to the latter, and Arkio is one of them. Algea is his pseudonym, and his real name is Alexander Fila-nder. He is a businessman in a small place and has no school education. Much respected, and very useful for the education of youth. His novels are wonderful in character and psychological description.But this is only a skizze, translated from "Fenlan in His Poems and His Poet's Memory" edited by Brausswheidel.The editor commented: Yalegi Ayu has a beautiful ironic humor, covering things with a deep smile, and in this light, it is natural to understand the tragedy, as in the novel "Father in America" Prove it is.

※ ※ ※ [1] This article, together with the translation of "Father in America", was published in the supplement of Beijing Morning Post on July 17 and 18, 1921, and was later included in the first volume of "Translations of Modern Novels". 〔2〕Brausewetter German critic. "Doctor" Translator's Notes [1] From 1905 to 1906, the breakup of Russia had already been discovered. People in positions of authority wanted to divert the people's intentions, and incited them to attack the Jews or other ethnic groups, known in the world as Poglon. The word Pogrom is synthesized from Po (gradually) and Gromit (destroyed), and it is also translated as Jewish massacre.This kind of violence was often practiced in various places at that time, it was very cruel, and it was all "inhuman" things. Until this year, there was Ungern[2] killing Jews in Kulun, and the "Miaomo" in autocratic Russia at that time 3], it can be described as "poisonous everywhere" (4).

The incitement at that time was really very powerful, and the bureaucrats tried their best to awaken the animal nature in people, and exerted it, giving them a lot of help.Among the uneducated Russians, many have annihilation of the Jews as their lifelong ambition. Although the reasons for this are quite complicated, the main reason is simply because they are of a different race. This piece of "Doctor" (Doktor) by Alzibasev is one of the "Test Works" (Etivdy) published in 1910. Of course, it was still there before it was completed, and it was Pogue who drove it. Long's case, while not a masterpiece, was a violent protest against the inhuman behavior of his fellow man.

In this short story, not only can you see the author's subtle sexual desire description and psychological analysis as usual, but also simply and clearly write about the resistance to non-resistance and the entanglement of love and hatred.No resistance is what the author resists, because people cannot live without hatred by nature, and this hatred may be rooted in a greater love.Therefore, Alzhibashev is still unavoidably a disciple of Tolstoy, but also unavoidably a rebel of Tolstoyism——to put it bluntly, a mediator of Tolstoyism. It is said that the Russians are extraordinarily cruel and extraordinarily compassionate; this is strange, but let the scholars of national character explain it.All I think about is my own China. Since I killed Chiyou[5], I have been happy to think that I have subdued other peoples a lot. Find an article that advocates justice for weak nations.

Translator's notes on April 28, 1921. ※ ※ ※ [1] This article, together with the translation of "Doctor", was originally published in "Russian Literary Studies" outside the twelfth volume of "Novel Monthly" in September 1921, and was later included in the first volume of "Modern Fiction Translation Series". [2] Kulun is now named Ulaanbaatar, the capital of the Mongolian People's Republic.Ungern (eFbIHF, 1887-1921), now translated as Wengern, was originally a captain of the Tsarist army. After the October Revolution, he colluded with Japanese imperialism and became one of the leaders of the White Guards in the Far East.After he occupied Kulun, he ordered the looting and shooting of peaceful residents.In August 1921, he was captured by the Red Army and shot. 〔3〕 "Miaomo" Temple refers to the temple, meaning the imperial court; Mo, meaning planning.Miaomo, that is, the feudal dynasty's plan for state affairs, is called "Miaomou". 〔4〕The language of "poison all over the world" can be found in "The Book of Books·Thai Oath", Bu, the original work.Here is the meaning of torment. 〔5〕 According to the legend of Chiyou, the leader of the Jiuli tribe in ancient times fought with the ancestor of the Han nationality, the Yellow Emperor, and was defeated and killed. 〔6〕Pingding what strategy refers to the martial arts records of the reactionary ruling class suppressing the minority uprisings and peasant uprisings.Such as "The Strategy of Pacifying Jinchuan", "The Strategy of Pacifying Junggar" and so on. "Mad Girl" Translator's Notes (1) Brausshuidell's "Finnland im Bilde Seiner Dichtung und Seine Dichter" (Finnland im Bilde Seiner Dichtung und Seine Dichter) divides Finnland literati into two groups who use Swedish and Finnish, and the latter group is further divided into two groups: The author of the nation and the author of art.Among the writers of art, he named Minna Canth as the first, and commented: "...I was born in Dan Maefort in 1844, the daughter of Gust. Wilh. Johnsson, a foreman in a spinning mill. He had long boasted that he was only five years old, Already able to read, sing and play the harmonium "prodigy". When Yi was eight years old, Yi's father set up a woolen silk factory in Copia and sent her daughter to the third-class Swedish school in this place. In 1863 I went to Chiforsjillo, where the Co-educational Normal School was established in that year; De (Joh. Ferd. Canth) got married. This marriage made her unhappy, because it violated her vigorous will to seek adaptation, and she had a self-reliant nature; but he led her to her writing career , because he edits a newspaper, I also have to 'help' him; But Yi's pen was too sharp, causing Yi's man to lose his position as the chief writer. "Two or three years later, when I found a second position as the lead writer, Yi had the opportunity to work on literary affairs again. The invitation of the Fenlan Theater where Yi lived, gave her the incentive to write scripts. When Yi wrote " In the middle of The Stealing, Yi's man died, leaving Yi and seven children who were left alone. But Yi still finished Yi's script and sent it to the Fen Lan Theater. When Yi was in trouble because of the difficult life war At a time when she was on the verge of ruin both mentally and physically, Yi received an award for her opera from the Finnish Literary Society and was notified of the start of the performance. It was a great success and included in the repertoire. Relying solely on articles to make a living, but like Yi's father once had, he opened a company. Yi also engaged in literature. The person who had a significant influence on the development of Yi's literature was Georg Brandes (4) The book, which made Yi also know the ideals of Taine, Spencer, Mill, and Buckle (Taine, Spencer, Mill, Buckle) [5]. Yi is now a poet and social reformer with a modern tendency Standing on Finnish literature. Yi defended the ideal and state of European civilization, imported it into his hometown, and used extremely radical views. Yi also joined in justice for the oppressed people, for the suffering people against the powerful and For the rich, for the rights of women and Iraq, for the present social system, for the true Christianity of fraternity, and for the official Christianity dressed in hypocritical words. In Iraq's creation, it shows a calm and clear judgment, a true fighting spirit and A sharp and meticulous observation of emotional life. Yi has a strong structural force, especially in the imagery of opera, and in Yi's novels, the atmosphere of opera is also added from time to time; but in Yi lacks a sincere artistic eye, Yi Criticism with stubborn prejudices on everything. I am a polemicist, a satirist, not just an observer of life. I have a narrow view, not just because I arose from a narrow situation and did not go beyond it. This is obvious on the outside, but because of Yi's rational calm, knowing that there is too little emotion. Yi lacks the warmth of heart, but what is outstanding is Yi's insight, so what Yi described is a small criticism within the scope of a small citizen . . . ” The article translated now is a specimen selected by Brausshuidell. Kangde's way of writing this life that was wronged by the society and his own vanity is quite subtle, but it is almost too profound, and it is irremediable despair.Paine also said, "His same-sex grievances, real or imagined, are the constant themes of her novels; Exaggeration and hopeless pessimism are characteristic of these powerful, but tragic and unhappy novels." Most of the tragic and passionate voices, if viewed from a purely artistic point of view, often have this defect; for example Dostoevsky's work often prevents the happy reader from reading his entire work. Diary of August 18, 1921. ※ ※ ※ [1] This article, together with the translation of "Crazy Girl", was originally published in "The Literature of the Injured Nation", Volume 12, No. 10 of "Novel Monthly" in October 1921, and was later included in "Translation of Modern Novels" The first episode of Cong. 〔2〕 Minna Kant (1844-1897) interpreted Kante, a Finnish female writer.He once participated in the bourgeois democratic reform movement, and his works include the play "Worker's Wife" that exposed the contradictions of capitalist society. 〔3〕Dan Maefor is now named Tampere (Tampere), a city in southwestern Finland. [4] Brandes (1842-1927) Danish literary critic.Author of "Mainstream Literature of the Nineteenth Century", "Impressions of Russia" and so on. 〔5〕Taine (1828-1893) was a general translator of Taine, a French literary theorist and historian. Author of "History of English Literature", "Philosophy of Art" and so on.Spencer (1820-1903), British philosopher and sociologist.His main works include "Comprehensive Philosophy System" in ten volumes, "Sociological Research Method" and so on.Mill (1806-1873), translator of Mill, British philosopher and economist.He is the author of "Logical System", (Yan Fu's Chinese translations are respectively "Muller's Names", "Theory of Groups and Self-rights") and so on.Bockler (1821-1862), translator of Buckle, British historian, author of "History of British Civilization" and so on. Translator's Notes on Wilco at War (1) The dawn of Borgia's literature and art began in the nineteenth century.But he has long been burdened with two evils: one is the tyranny of the Turkish government, and the other is the obscuration of the ancient Greek religion. It was not until after the Russo-Turkish war that he showed very rapid progress.Only literature, because of the historical relationship, has a tendency to specialize in promoting patriotism, especially poetry, so Borgia still lacks great poets.As for prose, there have been many authors, the most notable being Ivan Vazov (3). Bazov was born in Sopod in 1850. His father was a merchant and his mother was a well-educated woman at that time.When he was fifteen, he went to Cairofer (in Eastern Romania) to attend school, and when he was twenty, he went to Romania to study business.But at this time Bolgoria's independence movement was already very strong, so he devoted all his energy to the revolutionary cause; he also published many patriotic and passionate poems. Baazov returned to his hometown in 1872; he had a very strange occupation, sometimes as a school teacher, sometimes as a railway man, but was finally forced out by the Turkish government.During the revolution[6], he was the chief of the military law enforcement; after that, he edited a monthly magazine called "Science" with the poet Vel^ish-kov[7], and finally went to Russia, where he was in Adversy [ 8) Completed a novel, the famous "Under the Yoke", which describes the war against Turkey. After returning to China, it was published in the "Literary Series" published by the Ministry of Education. Soon, almost all European civilized countries had translations. He also wrote many short stories and operas, making the beauty and wildness of the Balkans emerge in front of readers.The Bulgorians counted him their greatest man of letters; In 1895, a celebration ceremony was held in Sophia for the twenty-five years of his literary career; this year, a grand celebration was held, and seven types of commemorative stamps were printed: because he was seventy years old. Bazov was not only a revolutionary literati, but also a track-breaker of old literature, and a stilist. The Bolgorian script used to use a kind of man-made literature of the Greek church, which despised the spoken language, so the spoken language was very incomplete. And Bazov is a person who advocates vernacular and is good at using vernacular.Tolstoy and Russian literature were his models.He loves his hometown, remembers it all his life, tastes in Italy, wanders under the orange tree, and hears an Englishman exclaim: "This is true paradise!" He replied, "Sire, [10] I know a better Paradise of beauty!"—He never forgot the rose gardens of the Balkans for a moment, he loved his people, and was especially saddened by the war between Bulgoria and the brothers of Serbia [11], this article "Will in War Ke", which is the cry of grief and indignation about this matter. This article is translated from Ms. Zadenska's German translation of "The Bulgorian Woman and Other Novels"; all the notes, except the fourth, sixth and ninth, are the original notes of the German translation. Diary on August 22, 1921. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕 This article, together with the translation of "Wilco in War", was first published in the October 1921 "Novel Monthly", Volume 12, No. 10, "The Literature of the Injured Nation". The first episode of "Modern Fiction Translation Collection". [2] Bolgolia Old translation of Bulgaria. 〔3〕Ivan Bazov (c. KNfTJ, 1850-1921) was a translator of Vazov, a Bulgarian writer.Since 1874, he has participated in the national independence struggle and has been exiled abroad many times.He is the author of the novel "Under the Yoke" and the satirical comedy "Picture of Promotion". 〔4〕Sobod is now named Vazovgrad. [5] Eastern Romania should be Eastern Rumelia.According to the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, Eastern Rumelia was a province of Turkey; in 1885 it was incorporated into Bulgaria. [6] refers to the period of national revolution in Bulgaria against Turkish rule in 1876. 〔7〕Willie Shikov (g.KIUPh] TJ, 1855-1907) general translator Willi Chikov, a Bulgarian writer, a participant in the national revolutionary movement, wrote the lyric poem "Dear Motherland" and the novel "In Prison medium. 〔8〕Adessa today translates Odessa, a Soviet city on the northern shore of the Black Sea. 〔9〕Sufiya is now translated as Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. [10] Sire English: Sir, Your Excellency. [11] Serbia is translated into Serbia today. Translator's Notes of "In the Pale Smoke" [1] Leonid Andrejev (Leonid Andrejev) was born in Alelle in 1871 [2], and later went to Messe to study law, and he lived a very difficult life.He also wrote articles, and with the help of Gorky, he gradually became famous, and finally became a well-known author in Russia in the early twentieth century.During the great upheaval in 1919[3], he wanted to leave his motherland and go to America, but he was unsuccessful, and died of cold and hunger[4]. He has many short stories and several kinds of plays, which describe the depression in the hearts of Russians and the gloom of life at the end of the nineteenth century.Especially famous are "Red Smile" against war and "Seven Hanged Men" against capital punishment.During the European War, he had another famous novel "Confessions of a Little Man in a Great Era". Antlef's creations all contain serious reality, profundity and delicacy, reconciling symbolic impressionism and realism.Among the Russian writers, no one can dissolve the difference between the inner world and the outer performance like his creation, and present a state of unity of soul and body.Although his works are very symbolic and impressionistic, they still do not lose their reality. This article "In the Pale Haze" was written in 1900.Krosseck[5] said, "The protagonist of this article is probably the Revolutionary Party. It is written in clear words, which are not allowed in the Russian censorship. The value of this story lies in the fact that many parts are very cleverly written. Come up with a Russian revolutionary party." But this is a Russian revolutionary party, so his resolute, fierce and calm attitude seems strange to us Chinese. Translator's Note, September 8, 1921. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕This article, together with the translation of "In the Pale Haze", is included in the first volume of "Modern Fiction Translation Collection". [2] Allaire.Interpreter Orel, a city located in the southwest of Moscow. 〔3〕It refers to the Soviet Union's struggle against international armed intervention and domestic reactionaries after the October Revolution. 〔4〕Andreev went into exile in 1919 and died in Helsinki, Finland, of a heart attack on his way to the United States in September of the same year. 〔5〕Krasek (J. Karasek.1871-1951) interpreted Karasek, a Czech poet and critic.Author of "Dead Dialogue", "Island of Exiles", etc., and edited "History of Slavic Literature" and so on. "Book" Translator's Notes [1] This article was written in 1901, and its significance is obvious. It is a leaden comic with a dull color. It was not translated into Chinese until twenty years later, and Antlef had been dead for three years. September 11, 1921, the translator's note. ※ ※ ※ [1] This article, together with the translation of "Book", is included in the first volume of "Modern Fiction Translation Collection". "Forsythia" Translator's Notes [1] The name of Evgeni Tshirikov (Evgeni Tshirikov) is still very unfamiliar to us, but in Russia, it has long been regarded as a representative author of the intellectual class after Chekhov. Seventeen volumes of the complete works have been reprinted several times. Chelikov was born in Kaishan in 1864 [3]. He lived in a village since he was a child, and his friends were the children of farmers and poor people;Therefore, in his works, he often depicts the darkness of the countryside, and often uses the background of revolution.He was very poor, and he first published his articles on the news in the countryside [4]. It was not until 1886 that he published them in the big daily newspapers. He himself said: This was the beginning of his literary activities. He is best at drama, very natural, varied, and compact but no less than Chekhov.He is also well-known as a military reporter. The integrated books include "The Balkan Wars" and the short story "Repercussions of War" based on this European war. Although his works lack deep thoughts, they are straightforward, vivid and fresh.He is also known for being good at psychological description, although it is not as complicated as others, but it is mostly drawn from real life, which is quite ironic and humorous.This "Forsythia" is also a small specimen. He is an artist and a revolutionary; and he is a teacher of the people. This is almost a common feature of Russian literati, so there is no need to say more. November 2, 1921, the translator's note. ※ ※ ※ [1] This article, together with the translation of "Forsythia", is included in the first volume of "Modern Fiction Translation Collection". [2] Chelikov (i.D.jPHP] TJ, 1864-1932) Russian writer.He moved to Paris in 1917 and died in Prague, Czech Republic.He is the author of the autobiographical novel "The Life of Tarkhanov" and the play "The Peasant". [3] Kaishan translated Kazan, the capital of the Tatar Autonomous Republic of the Soviet Union. 〔4〕News here means newspaper (Japanese).