Chapter 3 "Worker Suhuilyov" 〔1〕

"Worker Suhuilyov" 〔1〕 After translating "Worker Suhuilyov" [2] M. Artsybashev (M. Artsybashev) [3] was born in a small city in southern Russia in 1878; according to the system and surname, he is a Tatar [4], but there is Russia in his veins, Law, Georgia (Georgia) [5], Polish blood.His father was a retired military officer; his mother was the great-granddaughter of the famous Polish revolutionary Kosciusko, who died when he was three, leaving him only tuberculosis as an inheritance.As a result, he often fell ill, and in 1905 the disease finally became a reality, and there was no hope of a full recovery.

When Arzhibasev was a teenager, he went to a middle school in the countryside until he was in the fifth grade; he said that he didn't know what to do there.He liked painting since he was a child, so he decided to enter the Kharkov (7) painting school when he was sixteen years old.He was poor then, living in a squalid corner house, starving, and short of money for the most important things: paint and linen.Because of his livelihood, he drew some cartoons, short essays and funny novels for the small daily, which was the beginning of his essays. After a year at the painting school, Arzhibasev went to Petersburg, where he worked for the first two years as clerk to a magistrate.In 1901, he wrote his first novel "Pasha Tumarov" (Pasha Tumarov) [8], which showed the darkness of Russian middle schools; in addition, he wrote two short stories.At this time, he was appreciated by Miroljubov [8] and asked him to be the deputy editor of his magazine. This had a great impact on his career: he finally became a literati.

In 1904 Arzhibasev published several short stories, such as Gorobov the Standard Bearer, Madman, Wife, and The Death of Landau, etc., and the last one made him famous.The revolution broke out in 1905, and he spent a lot of time doing his own thing: preaching on Anarchistische Individualism (Anarchistische Individualismus) [10].He wrote several novels, all of which were based on the revolutionary psychology and typical materials; he himself thought that "Chaoying" and "Bloodstain" were the best.At this time, he suffered from the disaster of writing and was sentenced to death. However, the Russian constitution, although darker than the civilized countries of Europe, was much more civilized than the civilized countries of Asia. Soon they realized their mistakes. guilty.

Afterwards, he published the famous "Sanin" (Sanin) [11] in which the problem occurred.The achievement of this novel was before "The Story of Revolution", but it was only printed as a book at this time.The central idea of ​​this book is, of course, anarchic individualism or, so to speak, individual anarchism.Saining's words and deeds all show that the purpose of life is only to obtain personal happiness and joy, and the desires in life are all hypocrisy.He said to his friend: "You say that constitutionalism is more boring than your own life. I don't believe it. Your boredom does not lie in constitutional issues, but in your own life not being interesting to you. I think so. If To say otherwise is to lie. Let me tell you again, your boredom is not because of dissatisfaction with life, but because my sister Rito doesn't love you, it's true."

His boredom is not in politics, so what?Saining said: "I only know one thing, I don't want to live in pain. So it should satisfy the natural desire." Senin did just that. The so-called natural desire refers specifically to the desire of the body, so Arzhibasev won the title of a writer describing sexual desire, and many critics also attacked in unison. Critics attack because they think his book seduces young people.Arzhibasev's defense, on the other hand, holds that "although this type is still fresh and rare in its pure form, its spirit resides in the new, courageous and strong representatives of the new Russia." middle."

Critics think that a copy of "Senin" teaches Russian youth to go down, but it is actually arbitrary.The poet's sense is originally more acute than usual, so Arzhibasev felt this tendency in society early on, and wrote "Senin".Everyone knows that in Russia at the end of the nineteenth century, the ideological trend was the most vigorous, and the center was individualism; This trend of thought gradually turned into a social movement, and finally the revolution of 1905 emerged.About a year later, this movement gradually calmed down, but the sexual desire movement of Russian youths became more prominent; but sexual desire is a biological instinct, so during the period of social movements, they naturally also participated in it, but after the frustration, the social movement went out This is all the more obvious.Arzhibasev is a poet, so before 1905, he had already written a typical character with sexual desire as the first meaning.

Although this tendency can be said to be a tendency of human nature, it is always decadent.Sai Ning's arguments were nothing more than an incomplete excuse for a defeated and decadent strong man.Arzhibasov also knew that Serinin was only one side of modern people, so he wrote another side of Suhuilyov [12], which is even more important.In his letter to the German A. Billard, he said: "This story shows the elements of my worldview and my most important concept." Arzhibasev is a subjective writer, so the opinions of Serinin and Suhuilyov are his own.These opinions are clearly stated in Chapters 1, 4, 5, 9, 10, and 14 of this book.

Man is a creature, and life is the first priority. For many unfortunates, the reformer "sacrificed the most precious thing in his life," "run to death for the common cause," and there was only Suhuilyov left. .And Suhuilyov is only living in stealth, surrounded by perdition; this suffering is not only completely incompatible with the happy, but also completely incompatible with the so-called "unfortunate". The follower comes to persecute, rejoices in his death, and "on the other hand, like the happy man, wastes life". Suhuilyov had to find a way to go in this situation where there was no way out; he thought about it, and his statement to people was the chat with Yalatov in the first chapter, and he had to find a way out. The conflict of hearts is the debate with the dreamy blacksmith in chapter ten.On the basis of "experience", he was compelled to rebel against Tolstoy's non-resistanceism, and declared war on the unfortunate as well as on the happy.

So Suhuilyov's revenge against society was achieved. Arzhibasev is one of the typical representative writers of Russian emerging literature. His genre is realism, and his expression is profound, which is called the acme among his peers.But we can see Wei Wei's legendary color in this book.This is also clear from the letter he sent to Bilat: "Really, my long hair is strongly influenced by Tolstoy, although I don't agree with his 'Don't Resist Evil' idea. I admire him as an artist, and I can't take it from me. In terms of the appearance of his works, avoiding his influence, Dostojevski and Chekhov (Tshe-khov) [15] are almost the same thing. Victor Hugo and Goethe 〔16〕 is always before my eyes. These five surnames are the surnames of my husband and my literary tutor.

"It is often said here that I was influenced by Nietzsche [17]. This surprised me for the simple reason that I had not read Nietzsche. . . . is closer to me, more It was Max Stirner [18] who understood. However, Suhuilyov did show the color of a Nietzsche-style strong man. With all his strength and will, he fights for life, with bombs and pistols, resists and perishes (Untergehen). Arzhibasev is a world-weary writer who wrote this book surrounded by despair in a time of bleak thoughts.Yalafu said it was "anger", but he denied it.But looking at the characters in this book, the great Suhuilyov and Yalatov—although he could not insist on non-resistance, he finally made a sacrifice for love—needless to say; This contrasts with the hopeless society, and it still reveals its humanity from time to time, and this reveals the greatness of the Russian people more and more unintentionally.If we try to search in our own country, I am afraid that it is not easy to see other characters except for the old men and women behind the curtain and peddlers; Russia has it, and Arzhibasev is still lamenting, so this may still be a "movie" Anger" book.

This article is from S. Bugowund A． The translation from "The Story of Revolution" [19] (Revolution-geschichten) co-translated by Billard is almost a literal translation except for a few unavoidable places.I didn't have the strength to translate this book, but luckily my friend Qi Zongyi[20] gave me a lot of pointers and corrections, and it was finally finished. I am very grateful. Diary on April 15, 1921. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕 "Worker Sui Hui Lue Fu", a novella by Arzhiba Sui Fu, translated by Lu Xun from the German translation, originally serialized in the twelfth volume of "Novel Monthly" from July to December 1921 Seventh to Twelfth.The monograph was first published by the Shanghai Commercial Press in 1922 and listed as one of the "Literary Research Association Series".The revised version was printed in June 1927, listed as one of the "Unnamed Series", and published by Shanghai Beixin Bookstore. 〔2〕This article was originally published in No. 7, Volume 12 of "Novel Monthly" (July 1921), and was later included in the preface of the first edition of "Worker Sui Huiluofu". 〔3〕Arzhibasuifu (M.Q.EHGRSNOIJ, 1878-1927) Russian writer.During the upsurge of the Russian revolutionary movement, his works tended to expose the dark rule of the tsar; But after the failure of the revolution in 1905, he became one of the representatives of decadent literature, and wrote "Worker Suhuilyov" and "Sanin".After the October Revolution, he went into exile and died in Warsaw, Poland. 〔4〕The Tatars are one of the Soviet nations, and there is the Tatar Autonomous Republic of the Russian Federation. 〔5〕Georgia, translated by Qiao Juya, is now one of the republics of the Soviet Union. 〔6〕 Kosciuszko (T. Kosciuszko, 1746-1817) translated Kosciuszko, a Polish patriot, who led an armed uprising in Poland in 1794 against Russia and Prussia. [7] Kharkov, the second largest city in Soviet Ukraine, was translated by Kharkov. [8] "Dumarov" should be "Tomanov" (original title "General Tomanov"). 〔9〕Miluoliufu (B.C.LPHTUVSTJ, 1860-1939) Russian writer and publisher.At the time, he was editor-in-chief and publisher of Popular Magazine. [10] Anarchic individualism is anarchic individualism. 〔11〕The general translation of "Sai Ning" is "Shan Ning", a novel, published in 1907. 〔12〕The protagonist in Suihuilyov's "Worker Suihuilyov". 〔13〕Aratif's "Worker Suihuilyov" is a character. [14] Tolstoy (C.D.WTUXYTZ, 1828-1910) Russian writer.Born into an aristocratic landowner family.His works ruthlessly exposed the various evils of the tsarist system and capitalist forces, and at the same time advocated moral self-improvement and "don't use violence to resist evil".His main works include novels, novels, and so on. 〔15〕Dostoevsky ([.L.TXYTIJX]PZ, 1821-1881) general translation of Dostoevsky, a Russian writer.In 1849, he was sentenced to death for participating in a revolutionary group against the tsarist government, and later commuted to hard labor and exile.His main works include "The Poor", "Insulted and Damaged", etc.Chekhov, see note [1] on page 404 of this volume. 〔16〕U-Russian translation of Hugo, see Note 〔2〕 on page 438 of this volume.Qu Ti (J. W. von Goethe, 1749-1832), a translator of Goethe, a German poet and scholar.His main works include the poetic drama "Faust" and the novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther". [17] Nietzsche (1844-1900) German philosopher, advocate of voluntarism and "superhuman philosophy".Author of "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" and so on. 〔18〕M. Stirner (M. Stirner, 1806-1856), a general translator of Stirner, formerly known as K. Schmidt, was a German idealist philosopher.Author of "The Individual and Its Own" and so on. 〔19〕 "The Story of Revolution" Germany S.Bukov and A.A collection of short stories by Arzhibasev, co-translated by Pilart, including "Worker Suhuilyov", "Bloodstains" (ie "Bloodstains"), "Morning Shadow", "General Tomanov" (ie "Dumarov") and "Doctor". 〔20〕Qi Zongyi (1881-1965), named Shoushan, was born in Gaoyang, Hebei.Graduated from the University of Berlin, Germany, and served as an officer and inspector of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government.In July 1926, he and Lu Xun translated a long fairy tale by Holland Wang Ai Tan from German.