Chapter 8 Chapter 08 The Jiang Gang counterattacked and surrounded Kunming, cutting off the enemy's head with a big knife

The Kunming Peaceful Uprising is another major event in the modern history of Yunnan revolution after the Chongjiu Uprising of 1911 and the National Defense Uprising.This great patriotic feat is General Lu Han's contribution to the cause of the liberation of the Yunnan people.Therefore, it has been highly praised by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people, and has been supported and supported by the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan.At the same time, it was also frantically counterattacked by the Kuomintang reactionaries. When Chiang Kai-shek learned of Lu Han's uprising, he became furious and furious.Unwilling to fail at this point, he gave up Yunnan and immediately mobilized heavy troops to besiege Kunming in an attempt to kill the uprising regime in Yunnan in its cradle.Chiang Kai-shek believed that the Yunnan security forces were weak and could not withstand the attack of his remnant armed forces, and there was still a glimmer of hope for the establishment of an anti-communist base in Yunnan.Like all reactionary forces, Chiang Kai-shek always overestimated his own power and underestimated the power of the people, and even failed to see the power of the people at all.Therefore, the Jiang Gang's struggle in Yunnan this time was very short-lived.

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the support of the People's Liberation Army, the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan smashed Jiang Jun's encirclement and attack on Kunming in just a few days and defended the victory of the Kunming Uprising.Then, the People's Liberation Army made great strides into Yunnan. With the cooperation of the Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou border columns and the support of the people of all ethnic groups, they wiped out Chiang Kai-shek's remaining armed forces in southern Yunnan, and the whole territory of Yunnan was declared liberated.It is exactly: the golden horse soars into the sky, the green rooster heralds the dawn, and the five-star red flag is planted all over the Yunnan plateau. Millions of children of all ethnic groups in Yunnan are marching towards a better tomorrow!

Chiang Kai-shek started from both political and military aspects, in an attempt to extinguish the flames of the Kunming Uprising.In terms of politics, as soon as he got the news of the Lu Han uprising, he immediately formally appointed Li Mi as "Chairman of Yunnan Province" and Yu Chengwan as "Director of Yunnan Appeasement" to establish a puppet regime, so as to gather reactionary forces from all over Yunnan and resist stubbornly.After Li Mi and his remnants retreated to southern Yunnan, they openly held the so-called inauguration ceremony in Mengzi, announcing the official establishment of the puppet regime.However, within a few days of this farce, it disappeared with the elimination of Jiang Can's forces.

In terms of military offensive, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the establishment of a headquarters in Qujing to attack Kunming, and promoted Tang Yao, the chief of staff of the Army General Command, to the deputy commander-in-chief, who was fully responsible for commanding the remnants of the Jiang army stationed in Yunnan; the deputy commanders Cao Tiange and Peng Zuoxi were divided into eighth Army, the commander of the 26th Army, strictly ordered Tang Yao to lead Cao and Peng to attack Kunming with all their strength. "Free movement" (that is, rape, looting, murder and arson) for three days.In order to cooperate with the actions of the Jiang army stationed in Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek sent Xiao Yisu, his deputy chief of staff, to Xilu to entangle Chiang's remnant armed forces on the borders of Sichuan and Kangxi in a vain attempt to flee into western Yunnan and disrupt the rear of Kunming.

According to Chiang Kai-shek's order, Tang Yao commanded the 8th Army and the 26th Army to besiege Kunming.With the 8th Army as the right wing and the 26th Army as the left wing, he attacked Kunming from the north, east, and south of Kunming, and used 5 military police regiments as the general reserve to mobilize support.The air force was also dispatched to fly over Kunming to carry out reconnaissance and bombing missions.The attack is menacing, and it is very likely to swallow Kunming in one gulp. At the time of the Yunnan Uprising, the People's Liberation Army was marching southwest, liberated Guiyang, Chongqing, and Nanning one after another, and was advancing towards the border of Yunnan, but it was still thousands of miles away.Although the borders of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou spread all over the province, the troops were scattered and it was difficult to gather for a while.In view of the above situation, Lu Han adopted the combat policy of standing firm and waiting for help to secure Kunming, and established the Yunnan Military and Political Provisional Committee as the military and political commanding body of the uprising authority.

Lu Han had prepared in advance for Jiang's counterattack, such as mobilizing the 74th Army from western Yunnan to Kunming, but the preparation was not sufficient.He thought that the People's Liberation Army had surrounded Yunnan on three sides, and that Jiang's troops stationed in Yunnan had nowhere to escape. As long as they stepped up their political offensive, the enemy army would quickly disintegrate.Therefore, he put the focus of his work on winning over and disintegrating the enemy's 8th and 26th armies, and released Li Mi, Yu Chengwan, Shi Butian and others successively. It was out of this consideration that he took actions.Unexpectedly, it was just letting the tiger go back to the mountain. After Li Mi went out, he immediately flew to Taiwan to report to Chiang Kai-shek, accepted Chiang Kai-shek's order, and then flew back to Yunnan to organize Jiang's army to resist.

In order to facilitate the command of operations, Lu Han moved the Kunming Garrison Headquarters to the downstairs of Guangfu, responsible for drafting operational plans, issuing operational orders, organizing intelligence and reconnaissance, mobilizing transportation and other matters, and dispatched the chief of staff of the Appeasement Office She Chongwen to lead the deputy chief of staff Zhang Gongda, Chief of Staff Yang Jianqiu, Gao Shen Yang Jiajie, Yang Jikuan, Zhou Zongqi and others assisted the Garrison Command in handling operational operations and drawing up operational plans. At this time, the defensive deployment of Luhan's troops is as follows:

Long Shengwen, commander of the temporary 39th Division, commanded the original Bao 2 Regiment, Bao 6 Regiment, Bao 9 Regiment, and Bao 12 Regiment as the right area team. Arrange defensive positions along the line and build fortifications. Zhang Bingchang, commander of the temporary 40th division, commanded the former Bao 7th Regiment, Bao 8th Regiment, Bao 11th Regiment and the troops directly under the former 93rd Army to form the left area team, and connect with the right area team on the line of Jindian, Longtou Village, Heilongtan, and Changchong Mountain Arrange defensive positions and build fortifications.

The troops directly under the provisional 13th Army (formerly the 93rd Army) took control of the vicinity of Bainipo and guarded the side and back for safety. Zhang Zonghan, commander of the provisional 38th Division, led the division (No. 2 Regiment) attached to the 15th Regiment as a reserve team, responsible for urban martial law and urban defense tasks. The two armies of the Yunnan security forces that participated in the uprising, except for the majority of the 93rd Army in Kunming, the 74th Army and a division of the 93rd Army are still on their way to Kunming at this time. Kunming's defense force is indeed insufficient.Accordingly, Lu Han and his uprising regime adopted a series of emergency measures.

First of all, keep reporting the situation to the Party Central Committee and the head of the Second Field Army in a timely manner, and request the PLA to quickly enter Yunnan.According to the instructions of the heads of the central and field armies, a part of the Fifth Corps of the People's Liberation Army moved from Guizhou to Yunnan at a time when the enemy was attacking Kunming, and the forwards arrived in Zhanyi and Qujing areas on the 22nd.Upon hearing the news, Jiang Jun immediately lifted the siege of Kunming, stopped attacking, and fled to southern Yunnan. Secondly, rush to build city defenses and speed up the pace of troop mobilization.Aiming at the fact that Kunming's garrison forces were insufficient and the fortifications lacked or were not strong at that time, Lu Han and his generals mobilized the army and the people to rush to build fortifications.Starting from Xiba in the west, passing through Nanyao and Liuba in the south, going to Guanshang and Dashuying in the east, and going north to Beijiaochang and Xiaolianshan Line, build a core position fortification with a line of equipment. There are 60 strong bunkers, forming a cross-fire network and supporting each other. In the process of building the fortifications, the party, government, army, civilians, workers, peasants, and businessmen all joined the battle. Money is paid, goods are produced, and force is contributed. Day and night, the repairs are unprecedented.At the same time, speed up the marching pace of the 74th Army. Due to insufficient transport capacity, it is carried out simultaneously by car and on foot. That is, while the vanguard marches in a car, the rest walk. After the vanguard arrives at the destination, the car returns to pick up the walking troops. , Repeatedly, the whole army soon reached the front lines of Lufeng, Luoci, Anning, and Fumin in the outskirts of Kunming, forming an anti-encirclement of Jiang's army.

Third, contact the frontier columns of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou, and ask for the cooperation of the frontier and vertical forces to jointly crush Jiang's attack on Kunming.According to the order of the Central Military Commission, the frontier troops continued to harass Jiang's army, cut off its traffic, slowed its progress, weakened its attack power, and effectively contained the enemy. Fourth, mobilize and rely on the people of all ethnic groups in Kunming to defend their homeland and resist the attack of the Kuomintang bandit army.Under the mobilization of the CCP's underground party organization, the people in the city launched a climax of supporting the uprising troops in combat and jointly resisting the bandit army's siege of Kunming.The business circles donated a large amount of food and daily necessities, and went to the positions to condolences to the officials and the people. The education sector organized teachers and student propaganda teams to go to the front to perform for the officers and soldiers to inspire their fighting spirit. Officers and soldiers provided water and food, and some suburban peasants crossed the enemy's blockade and sent information on the enemy's deployment into the city to provide to the uprising troops; The students organized a picket team to patrol the streets and alleys day and night to strictly prevent enemy agents from sabotaging, protect factories and schools, protect national property, and maintain social order; in particular, more than 2,000 young teachers and students from Yunda, Teachers College and other schools formed students The army received 1,000 rifles and was responsible for maintaining law and order in the urban area of ​​Kunming.In short, in the whole process of defending Kunming and resisting the attacks of the Chiang bandits, the army and the people were in harmony with each other, and despite the indiscriminate bombing by the Jiang army, I would stand still. On the morning of December 13, the Kunming Municipal Party Committee held an emergency meeting in Tieju Lane. Zheng Boke attended the meeting and proposed that the current tasks of the party organization are: fully mobilize and organize the masses, cooperate with the uprising troops to defend Kunming, suppress counter-revolutionaries, protect state property, and manage the city well. , Welcome the People's Liberation Army to station and take over Kunming.It also announced the adjustment and strengthening of the leadership team of the municipal party committee, expanding the Kunming Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China composed of Chen Shengnian, Lai Weimin, and Yang Furong to 15 members, adding Tang Jiabin, Zhu Feng, Guo Peishan, Wu Bangyan, Xu Renxin, Wang Weicai, Ni Zhidong, Tian Bingxi, Liu Yunrui, Wang Yukun, Liu Shuwen, Zou Ruohui and other 12 people are members of the Municipal Party Committee, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee Chen Shengnian, Deputy Secretary Lai Weimin.In addition to the original Industrial Workers Work Committee, Transportation Worker Work Committee, Student Work Committee and Finance and Economics Group, the Municipal Party Committee’s work organizations have newly added the Organization Department, Propaganda Department, United Front Work Department, Security Department, Worker Youth Work Committee, Women’s Work Committee, Temporary army working committees, suburban working committees. On December 14th, with the consent of the central headquarters transferred to Liu and Deng's front-line headquarters, Lu Han was approved to form the Yunnan People's Provisional Military and Political Committee. According to the proposal of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee, Song Yihen will concurrently serve as the director of the subordinate public security department, and the personnel below the deputy director, The party organization sends cadres to take charge of the actual work.On the same day, the Municipal Party Committee instructed to formally resume the establishment of the Federation of Kunming Middle School Students and the Federation of Primary School Teachers in Kunming. people's property. After the establishment of the Public Security Department of the Provisional Military and Political Committee, relying on the basis of the original enemy workers’ work, the members of the “Police League”, the secret peripheral organization of the Party in the police, were the main members, and more than 200 members of the Party and League were recruited to participate. , Starting from the evening of the 16th, the arrest of enemy agents and counter-revolutionaries in the city began, and a combination of specialized agencies and the mobilization of the masses was adopted. A total of 1,290 enemy agents and counter-revolutionary suspects were arrested before Kunming’s military control, laying the foundation for the establishment of a revolutionary order. The arrested enemy agents and counter-revolutionaries Later, they were all handed over to the Kunming Military Control Commission. In order to hinder the enemy's transportation and slow down the enemy's actions, the Provisional Military and Political Committee ordered the counties in eastern Yunnan and counties along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway to mobilize the people to destroy roads and railways.In order to prevent the enemy on the South Road from using Dianchi Lake to sneak attack from the water, people were sent to block the ships, and all the coastal ships in Jinning and Kunyang were concentrated in Caohai near Daguanlou for management. Lu Han sat in the headquarters day and night, inquiring about the situation of the headquarters on the phone at any time, looking for munitions and ordnance personnel to learn about the stockpile and supply of grain and ammunition, analyzing the situation of the enemy and our troops, and so on.He also called to Chongqing to ask Generals Liu and Deng for support.Write a letter to contact "Bian Zong", requesting cooperation in operations, disrupting the enemy's rear, and restraining its troops. At this time, Zhang Yougu, commander of the airport, reported that the air force station at the airport had received a telegram from the enemy station (because the enemy air force’s secret telegram had not been replaced at that time, so our airport station could still receive and interpret it), and he knew that Wang Shuming, the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang air force, was at Sanya Airport at the southern end of Hainan Island. , commanding the aircraft at the northern end of Haikou Airport to carry out air transportation. Lu Han immediately ordered Zhang Yougu to send planes to bomb Zhanyi and Mengbai airports, so that these two airports could not be used by the enemy and cut off the air supplies of the 8th and 26th armies. On the 14th, planes were sent to bomb the runway of Zhanyi Airport in the morning and the runway of Mengzi Airport in the afternoon, and scouted the enemy's actions, distributed leaflets to the enemy, calling on the enemy to revolt.Then they sent planes to bomb the runway of Xichang Airport and successfully completed the mission.Due to the success of the bombing, the enemy planes did not dare to land at the two airports, which made the enemy's supplies encounter difficulties. On December 16, the 8th Army and the 26th Army of the Kuomintang launched an attack on Kunming, and the battle to defend Kunming began.At Lu Han's request, Zheng Boke and the Kunming Municipal Party Committee made a decision to support Kunming with the "frontier vertical" westward marching troops led by Zhu Jiabi.Since the field army and the "frontier" troops had not yet arrived, the combat task of defending Kunming fell on the rebel troops first. Mobilize the masses and cooperate with the uprising troops to resolutely defend Kunming to strengthen the determination of the uprising authorities. Lu Han called some senior generals (including An Enpu, a member of the Provisional Military and Political Committee) to study the adjustment of troop deployment that night.At this time, the main positions occupied by the rebel army were the Paomashan position, Xiaoguanluo Fort, Jitian Mountain, Changchun Mountain, Huma Mountain, Jindian, Longtou Village, Heilongtan, and Changchong Mountain.Most people advocate taking the current position as the main position, strengthening fortifications, resisting the enemy, and retreating to the city defense fortifications as a last resort.Especially An Enpu advocated the strongest.The reason is that it is far away from the urban area to prevent enemy shells from falling into the urban area and affecting the hearts of the people in the city. However, Xu Yijun, the deputy commander of the Kunming garrison, believed that the front of the current position was too wide. The rebel army only had the temporary strength of the 1st Army of the 13th Army. However, if the enemy breaks through a little bit and drives straight in, the rebel army will be in danger of not having time to retreat to the city defense fortifications. An Enpu and Xu Yijun held their own opinions and argued with each other.In the end, Lu Han adopted Xu Yijun's opinion and decided to shorten the line of defense.He also said: "In a fight, it is unavoidable to hit a few shells and kill a few ordinary people. If the enemy is allowed to attack the city, it is not a matter of falling a few shells and killing or injuring a few people." After finishing speaking, Lu Han immediately assigned Xu Yijun to the scene to command the relevant troops, changed the defensive deployment, and restricted Xu Yijun to arrive at the position before dawn the next morning (17th). Before dawn on the 17th, Xu Yijun arrived at the position and instructed on the spot to change the defensive deployment.At this time, there were sparse gunshots ahead, and the enemy's search force had already contacted the security force of the rebel army.It was not until noon that Xu Yijun completed the deployment of the entire line of positions.The sound of gunfire in the front is gradually increasing. It seems that the enemy's small troops are making a tentative attack on the rebel troops, with the purpose of scouting the position of the rebel troops with firepower. Xu Yijun returned to Mount Wuhua and reported to Lu Han the changes in deployment and the situation of the enemy ahead.Lu nodded and said, good!As he spoke, he handed one of his stamps to Xu Yijun and said: "You sit at the headquarters and command the battle on my behalf. If you can handle it, you should deal with it boldly. If you should give an order, give it an order and stamp it with my stamp. You don’t have to ask me for everything. If you really can’t handle it, ask me for instructions.” After Xu Yijun received the order, he asked Chief of Staff Yang Xiang to issue the order in the name of Lu Han: "All garrison troops must stick to their positions and work hard to kill the enemy. They must not retreat unless they are ordered. After writing dozens of copies, immediately distribute one copy to the battalion commander and above. Attack on the Majiaying position.Its artillery positions were placed near Dashu Camp.Under the cover of artillery fire, the enemy infantry violently attacked the rebel positions. From morning to night, the sound of guns and artillery from the southeast and southeast lines was heard endlessly, and shells continued to fall on Yuantong Mountain and the moat near Dadongmen. However, the morale of the rebel army was strong. Based on the solid city defense fortifications, they formed a tight cross-fire net, calmly challenged the battle, and inflicted a large number of casualties on the enemy.Although the enemy charged and killed repeatedly, the rebel army remained unwavering, and the enemy could not advance. After 9:00 p.m., the enemy launched an extremely violent attack and organized death squads in an attempt to use the darkness of night to concentrate troops and firepower, open several breakthroughs, break into the city, and expand the results of the battle.However, they were still bravely resisted by the rebel army. The rebel army used the lighting equipment that had already been prepared, concentrated their firepower, and dealt annihilating blows to the enemy, causing many casualties to the enemy and repelling the enemy's crazy attacks again and again. On the southern front, the fighting was particularly fierce on the Tofu Camp, Shuanglong Bridge, and Nanyao.In the Nanyao position, regardless of the casualties, the enemy rushed to tens of meters in front of the position. The rebel leader Li Huanwen personally led the reserve team to charge towards the enemy violently with grenade bayonets and severely injured the enemy. The enemy retreated in embarrassment, leaving dozens of corpses Tool. Part of the 8th Army on the Eastern Front detoured back to Tiefeng Temple and Yongquan Temple to attack the uprising Gangtou Village and Wangmaoshan positions, and fierce fighting also took place. During the battle, Lu Han personally called the division commanders to encourage morale.Order the Automobile Corps to turn on the lights of the car, drive from the west station to the east station along the ring road, and run back and forth, showing the enemy the momentum of our reinforcements coming from the east to confuse the enemy.At the same time, they called Generals Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping of Chongqing for emergency help, and sent Long Zehui and Er Xiaoqing to supervise the battle in various positions, which greatly encouraged the troops. After midnight, although the enemy charged repeatedly, they all suffered heavy casualties and were unable to move forward. The offensive was finally frustrated and the battle gradually fell silent.After that, only small troops were sent for disruptive attacks.Xu Yijun immediately ordered all the troops to take advantage of the gaps in the battle to make up for it and prepare for another battle in the future. At dawn on December 20, the enemy launched another fierce and focused attack on the east and south fronts.The 8th Army on the Eastern Front focused on Lishutou and Xiziying.The focus of the attack on the southern front is directed at Nantiantai and Wuli. Although the enemy attacked fiercely, the rebel army had sufficient ammunition and received strong support from people from all walks of life in the city.Over the past few days, workers, students, business circles, and medical units have braved the hail of guns and bullets to condolences to the troops, present food, perform condolence performances, and rescue the wounded, etc., to boost the morale of the rebel army.The officers and soldiers of the rebel army were in high spirits and bravely killed the enemy, and the enemy could never cross the threshold. On that day, Lu Han received a call from Generals Liu and Deng, saying that he had ordered the Guiyang Yangsu Corps to send powerful troops, transported by car, and rush to help Kunming in the starry night.Commander Yang Yong of the 5th Corps and Political Commissar Su Zhenhua also called from Guiyang to inform them that troops had been dispatched to help Kunming and reach Qujing on the 23rd. After the good news of the People's Liberation Army rushing to help Kunming spread to all units, the morale was even higher, and the confidence and strength to defeat the enemy were enhanced.No matter how fiercely the enemy attacked, the rebel army remained unwavering, and became more and more courageous as they fought. At dusk, they finally defeated the enemy's offensive. On that day, the 8th Army detoured to the enemies of Tiefeng Nunnery and Yongquan Temple, and also violently attacked the uprising Gangtou Village and Wangmaoshan positions. The fighting was extremely fierce, and the two sides formed a tug-of-war. The 11th regiment of Yuanbao fought the enemy bravely, and finally killed the enemy and defended the safety of the left position. While carrying out the defensive battle, Lu Han also carried out the work of disintegrating the enemy army. On the morning of December 20th, Lu Han sent his staff officer, Chen Zhengrong, to send Yu Chengwan out in a jeep. Due to the intense fighting, the car could not be driven out. It was not until 4 p.m. when the sound of enemy guns and artillery was relatively sparse. On the pile, waved a white flag and shouted loudly: "I am Commander Yu, please stop fighting." After calling a few times, the other party saw clearly that it was their army commander Yu Chengwan, so they stopped shooting and greeted Yu Chengwan.After Yu Chengwan passed by, the attack of the 26th Army on the southern front stopped, and the troops also retreated at night, and the fighting on the southern front became quiet. On the night of the 20th, the 8th Army, the enemy on the Eastern Front, did not know that the 26th Army had retreated, and launched a fierce attack. By dawn on the 21st, it felt isolated.At the same time, after learning the news of the Liberation Army in Dian, they retreated in a panic for fear of being flanked. In order to smash the enemy's conspiracy to use Yunnan as a base to carry out a dying struggle and to defend the achievements of the uprising, at this critical moment that concerns the safety of the lives and property of 300,000 citizens in the city, the leaders of the Party Committee of the Border Region and the Kunming Underground Municipal Party Committee researched and made a mobilization of the masses, armed The masses, in cooperation with the uprising troops, resolutely defended Kunming's decision. According to this decision, the "Kunming City Volunteer Self-Defense Corps" was established, and members of the municipal party committee Yang Furong, Zhu Feng, Tang Jiabin, Xu Renxin and other comrades respectively communicated the party committee's instructions according to the party and league organizations in the system of their respective contacts and leadership. The general mobilization order called on the party and league members to actively mobilize the masses to actively participate in the Kunming Volunteer Self-Defense Force, and Wang Weicai was appointed as the captain of the Volunteer Self-Defense Corps.Comrade Lai Weimin, Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, sent Wang Weicai to use the code name of Lin Zhengze as agreed with the uprising troops (hereafter, Wang Weicai continued to use Lin Zhengze’s name in the volunteer team) to go to Zeng Shuhuai, the mayor of Kunming who participated in the uprising, to get guns and ammunition (1,000 guns were counted) support, 50,000 rounds of bullets). On December 18, when the fighting was fierce and martial law was enforced throughout the city, the municipal party committee took only one day to mobilize, not only conveying the instructions of the superior to the scattered party members, members of the alliance and the revolutionaries associated with them in all directions. Among the masses, and those who participated in the volunteer team quickly gathered together, and reported to Jingxing Elementary School, the headquarter of the army.This reflects the achievements of our party's long-term work among industrial workers, shop assistants, handicraft workers, and social youth. This is actually a test and review of the long-term work of the underground party.According to the situation of different regions, industries, and trades at that time, the Municipal Party Committee formally organized more than 3,000 people into 4 brigades.Each brigade consists of squadrons, detachments and squads. The No. 1 Brigade is composed of workers from industries such as railways, textiles, machinery, steel, tobacco, and light chemicals, with Zhang Erxi as the captain. There are 5 squadrons and 22 detachments in total. The second brigade is composed of workers in water supply, electricity, post and telecommunications, industrial transportation, aviation, finance (banking, coinage, hardware) and other systems. Jin Huilin is the captain of the brigade. There are 3 squadrons and 19 sub-teams. The third brigade is composed of shop assistants, handicraft workers, some students, teaching staff and some out-of-school and social youths. Yang Shilun is the captain of the brigade. There are 6 squadrons and 18 detachments. The 4th brigade is composed of farmers in the suburbs, divided into three parts: east, west, and south. Three squadrons were established, with Shi Wanhui as the team leader. The departments directly under the Corps Headquarters have 3 divisions of political work, staff, and logistics, and 1 guard squadron directly under it. On December 18, the day when the Kunming Volunteer Self-Defense Corps was first established, the 8th Army and the 26th Army of the southeast two armies were launching a fierce attack on the uprising troops in the Guandu area from the Dabanqiao, Paomashan, and Xiaobanqiao lines. Chong Wujiaba Airport, the situation is more critical. At this critical juncture, in the atmosphere of military martial law in the whole city, and under the situation of enemy planes flying over the sky for reconnaissance and bombing, such an untrained, well-disciplined and orderly force suddenly appeared, shouting revolutionary slogans along the road, Singing revolutionary songs and wearing red armbands gave great encouragement to the uprising military police and the people of the whole city, and strengthened everyone's confidence in defending Kunming to the death. The establishment of the Volunteer Self-Defense Corps played an important role in stabilizing the situation, boosting the morale of the insurgent troops, stabilizing the hearts of the people, suppressing the enemy's sabotage activities, consolidating the rear, strengthening the front line, and striving for victory in the defense war. On the night when the formation, guns were issued, and the armband of "Volunteer and Courageous" was issued, the captain Wang Weicai made a brief mobilization to the commanders above the squadron leader, announcing the formal establishment of the "Kunming Volunteer Self-Defense Corps", and analyzed the serious situation of the struggle between the enemy and ourselves at that time After talking about the arduous tasks facing us and the great significance of defending Kunming to the death, and emphasizing that the revolutionary mass armed forces must strictly abide by the three major disciplines and the eight points of attention of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the brigades immediately went to perform the assigned combat tasks. The task of the 1st Brigade is mainly to base itself on the factory, devote itself to the protection of the factory and the fight against counter-revolutionaries; at the same time, it cooperates with the uprising troops and participates in the battle nearby.The task of the second brigade is mainly to ensure the normal supply of water and electricity in the city, to ensure the safety of financial systems such as minting and banks, and to avoid accidents such as water and power cuts and bank robberies.The task of the 3rd Battalion is mainly to take charge of the city's security and support the frontline battles.The task of the 4th Battalion is mainly to support the uprising troops in the countryside, fortify the walls and clear the fields, and smash the enemy's attack. For this reason, as soon as the Self-Defense Corps was established, it immediately took over all the security tasks in the urban area, and drew the armed forces of the uprising troops and the urban police to the first and second lines to fight the enemy in time.He also drew a military martial law deployment map, divided the urban area into 6 areas, carried out deployment and armed patrols, organized the masses to jointly defend, strictly prevented the destruction and disturbance of hidden enemies, and stabilized the order in the rear. From December 19th to 22nd, the fighting was very fierce. The enemy army launched a general attack on Kunming in two directions in the southeast, and broke through the defense line along the Panlong River, and hit the Zhuangyuan Building and the vicinity of the Yunnan Spinning Factory.The workers of our No. 1 brigade used cotton bales to build fortifications in emergency situations, and together with the uprising military and police, they repelled several enemy charges. At the same time, the uprising troops concentrated their forces against the frontal attacking enemy and asked the Volunteer Self-Defense Forces to support the construction of fortifications. According to the order of the corps, the 3rd brigade, in addition to being responsible for the military martial law of the whole city, allocated half of its troops to build fortifications for the uprising troops.Regardless of the rain of bullets, the soldiers actively built fortifications, so that the uprising troops could attack when they advanced and defend when they retreated, which relieved their worries.With the active support of the Volunteer Army, the position of the rebel army remained motionless. Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping's telegram: quickly enter Yunnan and rush to help Kunming At a very critical moment in the battle, Commander Liu Bocheng of Erye and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping called from Chongqing: They had ordered the 5th Corps to transport troops by car from Guiyang at night to help Kunming. On the one hand, the Military and Political Committee asked the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army for help; on the other hand, it actively contacted the Deputy Commander Zhu Jiabi of the Frontier Command and asked for cooperation. The prologue has begun.Under the leadership of the Kunming Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, the people of Kunming organized and resolutely supported the uprising troops to defend Kunming.The combat process is roughly divided into three stages: The first stage is the peripheral fierce battle from the 16th to the 18th. There were only eight regiments of the uprising troops defending the first line of defense on the periphery, distributed from north to east to south in Changchong Mountain, Heilongtan, Jindian, Shilipu, Paoma Mountain, Niujiezhuang, Xiaobanqiao and the vast areas to the west , stretches for dozens of kilometers. On the evening of the 16th, the 93rd Division of the Jiang Army first opened fire on the Paomashan uprising troops. After a night of fierce fighting, the small bridge slab fell, and the Wujiaba Airport was exposed and there was no danger to defend. In this critical situation, Lu Han resolutely decided to shorten the Line of defense, concentrate forces, and retreat to the edge of the city. At 00:00 on October 18, Lu Han ordered that all the ministries retreat to each command post, ending the first phase of the battle. In the second stage, from the 18th to the 20th, the uprising troops shortened the line of defense and stood by for help. The rebel troops voluntarily abandoned the line of defense, but Jiang Jun didn't understand what he meant, so he had to rearrange his forces and attack direction.In this way, I won the precious time for three days of defense for my insurgents. Jiang's army re-launched the attack, and its attack direction was a pincer attack from the south and the north.The north road captured Gangtou Village and pushed into Tiefeng Nunnery; the south captured Nanyao and Shuanglong Bridge.The southern position was guarded by the 38th regiment, headed by Li Huanwen.The battle was extremely fierce, and even started hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. The 38th Regiment blocked the enemy outside Luosiwan like a copper wall and an iron wall. name.After being hit hard by this, the enemy had lost their fighting spirit and crawled at the front of the Nanyao position, not daring to attack rashly.In the northern position, the 8th Army that had advanced to Tiefeng Temple and the 26th Army on the southern line also waited and watched, and the gunfire was silent.At this time, Liu Deng, the head of the second field, telegraphed Lu Han that our People's Liberation Army had sent troops from Guiyang to help Kunming in a starry night.When the guards heard the good news, their spirits were lifted and their morale was greatly increased.So far, the intense second stage has come to an end. The third stage was from the 21st to the 23rd, when the liberation army entered Yunnan, and the Jiang army fled south in a hurry. On the 21st, there was no fighting all day, and the whole city was peaceful.In order to speed up the pace of liberation, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has adopted a political and psychological warfare. The Second Field Army Command issued an announcement to the military and political personnel of the Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Kang Kuomintang: Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Xikang Kuomintang military and political personnel: The remnants of the Kuomintang are now approaching the final stage of annihilation after the People's Liberation Army has inflicted successive annihilation attacks in East China, Central China, South China, and Northwest China.Guiyang has been occupied by our army, and the so-called last strategic base of the Kuomintang has been interrupted. Youyang, Xiushan, Qianjiang, and Pengshui have been liberated. The southeast gate of Sichuan has been opened. Chongqing, Chengdu, Kangding, and Kunming will also be liberated in the short term. , Jiang, Li, Bai, Yan and other remnants of bandit gangs attempted to pack up the remaining forces and collapse the plan of Sichuan, Guizhou, Kang, Yunnan, and Guangxi. The bandit leaders such as Yan, Bai, and Yan advocated the so-called "restoration" and "counter-offensive", and the so-called Third World War is bound to come. The realization of the ongoing steps will inevitably bring the bandit leader and others to the grave together.You should understand this situation and must choose the path you should take.The army was ordered to march into the Southwest this time, with the mission of resolutely overthrowing the Kuomintang's reactionary rule in the Southwest and liberating the 70 million people in the Southwest.However, for the military and political personnel of the Kuomintang, in accordance with the common program of the CPPCC and the eight chapters of Chairman Mao's Commander-in-Chief Zhu, they are given the opportunity to reform their mistakes, make meritorious deeds and redeem their crimes. For this reason, I would like to advise you with the following facts: 1. The Kuomintang army should immediately stop resisting and destroying, and wait for reorganization. Anyone who stops resisting and waits for reorganization, regardless of whether they belong to the central or local faction, shall be treated equally, designated station, temporarily maintain the original status, and then follow the method of the People's Liberation Army. Incorporation, all officers and soldiers are recruited according to their merits, and those who are willing to lay down their weapons are also recruited on a voluntary basis, or sent back to their hometowns.Anyone who quickly leaves the counter-revolutionary barracks and cooperates with the People's Liberation Army in combat will be rewarded for his meritorious service.If you wish to do so, you may at any time send representatives to approach the nearby People's Liberation Army. 2. Political, economic, cultural, and educational personnel of the Kuomintang government agencies should immediately protect the original agencies, schools, property, tools, and files, and wait for their acceptance.Regardless of whether they belong to senior or middle-level or lower-level personnel, the army has a leniency policy, and they are recruited or appropriately placed.Appropriate rewards will be given to those who have made merit in receiving them, and those who destroy them will be punished. 3. KMT secret agents should immediately correct their mistakes and stop doing evil.Anyone who is willing to repent and stop doing evil can ignore the past and deal with it leniently. He has committed many evils in the past, and I hope that those who repent will be given the opportunity to make meritorious deeds and redeem themselves.Those who persist in their obsession and continue to do evil will eventually be punished by the people. 4. Township security personnel should immediately maintain local order under the instructions of the PLA, and perform errands for the PLA. Those who have merit will be rewarded and those who are guilty will be punished. It is the unanimous desire of the people of the whole country for the military and political personnel of the Southwest Kuomintang to enter into peaceful construction as soon as possible and restore the wounds of many years of war. You should stop unnecessary resistance and increase your sins in vain.If you wake up immediately and turn to the light, it is not too late, and you still have the opportunity to repent to the people. If you delay any longer, you will never be forgiven by the people, and you will suffer the consequences you deserve.Continuing to be reactionary and turning back immediately, darkness and light, death and life, two roads are placed in front of you, no hesitation is allowed, make a decision early! Liu Bocheng, Second Field Commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping November 21, 1949 Commander Yang Yong of the 5th Corps also called and said: 1 division has been sent to Yunnan concurrently, and 1 regiment of the vanguard will arrive in Qujing on the 23rd. The "Justice" immediately mobilized workers to rush to print the news, and spread the news to the positions of the uprising troops and to the streets and alleys, which greatly boosted morale. Although the enemy launched fierce attacks day and night, they failed. According to the order of Chief Liu Deng, the 49th Division of the 17th Army of the 5th Corps of the People's Liberation Army advanced to the east of Yunnan, attacked the enemy's flanks, and attacked the enemy to relieve the danger in Kunming; He fled abroad to facilitate the 4th Corps of the People's Liberation Army to detour to southern Yunnan and intercept the enemy. The 5th Corps then decided that the 17th Army would immediately organize an advance command post, and Dai Runsheng, deputy political commissar of the army, and Pei Zhigeng, director of the Political Department, would lead the 49th Division and the reconnaissance battalion to attack from the front on the Yunnan-Guizhou Highway.At the same time, Hou Guoxiang, the commander of the Bijie Army Division, commanded the 162nd Regiment and the 16th Army Reconnaissance Battalion stationed there to enter Yunnan along Hezhang and Weining, and to join the 49th Division in Zhanyi. , prepared food and grass, and declared that the liberation army would enter Yunnan to fight in order to support the frontal attack of the 49th Division from the northeast of Yunnan.In addition, the guerrilla columns in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou were required to cooperate. On December 19th, the 49th Division set off from Anshun and Zhenning. The 146th Regiment of the Vanguard and the Army Reconnaissance Battalion moved ahead in vehicles, and the rest of the troops marched to follow up. People) set off from Hezhang, went to Xuanwei, joined forces with the "Bianzong" and "Yong" guerrilla detachments, and then marched towards Zhanyi, and the 162nd regiment set off from Dading to follow up quickly. The 3rd Division of the 8th Army in Zhanyi heard that our army had entered Yunnan and was busy retreating south on the 22nd. The vanguard of the 49th Division entered Zhanyi on the 23rd.Immediately learned that the army headquarters of the enemy who had retreated to Qujing in Guangxi led the guard regiment, artillery school, 15th and 17th regiments of luggage, and was hesitating and hesitant. On the 24th, our army advanced to Qujing, and more than 2,000 people including the enemy artillery school surrendered to our army, and the rest fled south with the enemy's 3rd division. After our army advanced into eastern Yunnan, the enemy's 8th and 26th armies stopped besieging Kunming and retreated towards Mengzi.The former refers to sending the Chief of Staff of the 146th Regiment to Kunming to contact General Lu Han for further coordinated operations. Facing a large number of enemies fleeing south, Qianzhi reported to Yesi while decisively deciding to attack. At 2 o'clock on the 26th, the 146th regiment and the reconnaissance battalion pursued by car.敌因受我游击队阻击，行进缓慢。 8时许，我先头部队于陆良天生关地区同敌接触。敌忙以1营兵力于天生关南侧高地掩护其主力南逃。 我先头部队即向天生关东侧观音洞高地发起冲击，敌凭借有利地形抵抗，我军因兵力单薄，三次冲击均未得手。10时许，我146团主力赶到，即以两路迂回，迅速抢占了观音洞高地，全歼该敌。 敌主力正沿陆(良)路(南)公路逃窜，队形极为拥挤。我军即分两路沿公路两侧向前追击，并将火炮置于汽车上，沿公路徐进射击，拦击敌人。追击部队则以小分队走小路超越敌人，大胆穿插分割，一路俘敌甚多。我49师首长即令追击部队将看押俘虏、扫清残敌之任务交二梯队，保证部队持续追击敌人。我地方游击队积极配合，将天生关南侧公路桥破坏，使敌车队阻塞，运动愈加困难。 此后，南逃之敌遂又占领五棵树以东高地，再次部署抵抗，掩护其辎重逃跑。敌人这一部署使我公路左侧追击部队受阻，形成对峙。但我右侧追击部队发展顺利，当即主动经五棵树由公路左侧侧击敌之后背。该敌在我军两面夹击下，大部被歼。此后，我军的追击几乎毫无阻挡，一个班、一个小组即可整营整连的歼敌。 追击至16时结束，经10小时战斗，共追击40多里，歼敌4000多人，缴获汽车85辆和大量军用器材。此时，侯国祥司令员率16军侦察营亦已赶到沾益。 至此，昆明的威胁完全解除，昆明保卫战胜利结束。 12月31日，边纵部队第九支队进入昆明市，全市人民欢欣鼓舞，庆祝昆明保卫战的胜利。 1950年1月初，中国人民解放军滇桂黔边纵队在副司令员朱家壁率领下，进驻昆明。昆明人民张灯结彩，鸣放鞭炮，挥舞红旗，扭着秧歌，锣鼓喧天地热烈欢迎自己的子弟兵。卢汉将军在五华山大礼堂举行欢迎大会。卢汉在欢迎词中着重谈到他发动昆明起义，是为了给几十年同甘苦共患难的同事寻求光明出路，若是光为他个人考虑，那屁股一拍，坐上飞机随便到香港或美国混一辈子不成问题。但他走了，大家拖儿带女，有几个走得了。为了把大家领上正路，他卢汉忍辱负重，委曲求全，甚至不顾个人安危，总算把大家带上起义的正路了。可有的人不争气，这次昆明保卫战中，未见敌人就自己逃跑，有的人强占民房，违犯纪律，哪像什么起义部队。讲到伤心处，卢汉不禁放声大哭，泪流满面，使在座的起义官兵无不为之动容。最后，他满怀希望地告诫大家，不要再留恋过去，要脱胎换骨，改造旧脑筋，说他连他的上将官阶都可以丢进厕所，大家还有什么旧东西舍不得丢呢？接着，卢汉发表了告全省军政人员书，要求所有军政人员学习革命道理，改换旧思想，接受新思想，实现起义宗旨。号召大家坚决地在新民主主义旗帜下团结起来，在毛主席朱总司令旗帜下团结起来，与民携手，与解放军携手，建设新中国。朱家璧讲话，勉励起义官兵，为建设新云南继续奋斗。欢迎大会气氛异常热烈。