Chapter 6 Chapter 6

Chiang Kai-shek has always been uneasy about Lu Han. On the one hand, he needs to use Lu Han to work hard for him to stabilize Yunnan;When the People's Liberation Army advanced into South China and the Jiang family dynasty collapsed, he became even more suspicious of Lu Han.In order to block Lu Han's path to the people, and trap Lu Han in injustice, so that he can lead Lu Han by the nose and follow him obediently, he cleverly used tricks and set up traps to lure Lu Han into being fooled by mistake. In September, Chiang Kai-shek flew from Taiwan to Chongqing, and sent urgent calls for several days, inviting Lu Han to go to Chongqing to discuss important military affairs.Lu Han was full of worries and suddenly became suspicious. He was afraid that he would be detained if he went there, and insisted on procrastinating.Chiang Kai-shek insisted on urging him more and more urgently. He not only urged him by phone, but also sent his cronies to Kunming to supervise him. This really made Lu Han and his advisers and assistants very anxious.Reluctantly, Lu Han appointed Provincial Secretary-General Zhu Jingxuan and Provincial Commissioner Yang Wenqing to report to Jiang on the situation in Yunnan and the reasons why he could not go on his behalf.Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek insisted on asking Lu to go, saying that it was a matter of national security, and he had to go to discuss it, and pretended that he valued Lu Han so much, and praised Lu Han.This made Lu Han even more suspicious.For several days, he forgot to eat and sleep, was exhausted physically and mentally, and thought hard, but still had no cure.Lu Han thought, Chiang Kai-shek is a ruthless person who has always used unscrupulous means. If he obeys orders, it will be very dangerous. If he refuses to go, he will definitely break with Chiang immediately. If he does, he is not yet fully prepared for an uprising. , and it is inevitable to fail.It really made Lu Han anxious.He asked counselor Song and his assistants An Enpu, Yang Wenqing, Ma Ying, Long Zehui and others to discuss countermeasures all night long, but they couldn't come up with a perfect solution.

But at this time, Chiang Kai-shek acted according to his own deployment. He ordered his direct troops to move towards Kunming, causing heavy troops to overwhelm the border and forcing Lu Han to submit. The 26th Army moved from Kaiyuan to Kunming, the 8th Army moved from Luzhou, Sichuan to Yunnan, and the vanguard has reached Weining at the junction of Guizhou and Yunnan; the 89th Army marched from Guiyang to Yunnan, and the vanguard has reached Pan County, Guizhou, and then moved forward Entered Yunnan.Lu Han and his assistants were in such a hurry that they could do nothing.Just at this moment, Zhang Qun, the southwestern military and political chief of the Kuomintang government, who was deeply trusted by Lu Han, made many long-distance calls, urging Lu Han to go to Chongqing, and his personal safety would be guaranteed by him. go.The love words are very sincere.Only then did Lu Han's heart, which was pumping up and down like a bucket pumping water almost to the top of his voice, relax a little.

On September 5, forced by the situation, Lu Han flew to Chongqing.Said that his trip was to "sacrifice his life to save the country, for the sake of Sanyi's father and brothers, even if his body is broken, he will die."Having said that, he still made careful arrangements before he left just in case.He told his assistants that the good or bad luck of this trip was unpredictable. If he was detained, everyone would send a telegram to request his release. If the request was invalid, they would raise the red flag and electrify an uprising.He handed over the government affairs to An Enpu, and Long Zehui was responsible for the military work, and warned everyone that all important matters should be discussed and dealt with together.Before leaving, it was agreed that the contact code was that he would call back once a day, and the telegram should be signed by Lu Han, indicating that everything was safe; if it was signed by Yongheng (Lu Han's name), he would be detained.

After Lu Han left, officers and soldiers of the local army canceled their vacations and were not allowed to go out; senior military and political personnel concentrated in the Wuhuashan Provincial Government Building to work; Kunming City imposed a nightly curfew.It can be seen that the situation is indeed tense enough, and Lu Han and his assistants have indeed prepared for the worst in case of accidents.However, everything was unexpected. The daily calls from Chongqing were all signed by Lu Han. Only two days later, on the 7th, Lu Han returned safely to Kunming. Lu Han's trip to Chongqing lasted only three days, so why was it so fast and smooth?Everything is beyond people's expectations.In fact, it is not surprising at all, it is completely determined by the situation at the time.The failure of the Jiang family dynasty on the mainland is irreversible. Although Hu Zongnan, Bai Chongxi and other hundreds of thousands of remnants and defeated generals still exist, in the face of the overwhelming march of the People's Liberation Army's million-strong army, the remnants of Jiang's army are already like grasshoppers after autumn. A few days.From Chiang Kai-shek's point of view, Lu Han has already become big in Yunnan, and if he is to be removed, not only is there no suitable candidate to replace him, but it will definitely lead to the disintegration of his own dynasty. It is better to set a trap and push Lu Han down. This led him to join the Communist Party; and what about Lu Han?I have been thinking for many days, made the worst plan, and mentally prepared to be detained. It is really the so-called preparedness.Therefore, when he left, he brought a lot of luggage and money with him, and pretended that he didn't plan to come back again. Naturally, Jiang's eyes and ears secretly reported to President Jiang Guangtou in advance.

Therefore, when Lu Han asked to resign after meeting Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang not only refused, but also pretended to care, trust, and love his subordinates. He, Jiang Zhongzheng, also relied on Lu Han to govern Yunnan, and appointed Lu Han concurrently as the director of appeasement in Yunnan, and handed over all the party, government and military special powers in Yunnan to Lu Han.At this time, Lu Han was really flattered. He couldn't figure out what kind of medicine was in the gourd of President Jiang, who had retired for eight or nine months. Difficulties.Jiang's requirements for Lu, such as the expansion of local armed forces, allocation of equipment, military expenditures, etc., were met one by one.This time Lu Han was really secretly happy and overjoyed, and all the troubles and worries of the past few days were swept away.

Seeing that Lu Han took the bait, Chiang Kai-shek was naturally very happy. At the same time, he needed to strike while the iron was hot, so as not to have long nights and dreams and miss the opportunity.In this way, when Lu Han dispelled his doubts about himself and was thinking happily, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly assigned Lu Han the task of carrying out an emergency purge in Yunnan, and handed over to Lu Han a list of progressives who were prepared in advance to be hunted down. implement.This was undoubtedly a blow to the calculations in Lu Han's mind. Lu Han, who was a little happy just now, immediately fell into infinite worry.Therefore, Lu Han returned to Kunming on the 7th. He walked out of the cabin and got into the car. He walked with difficulty, with a heavy heart, and with a mournful face, he returned to his residence sullenly.

After a short break, Lu Han approached Long Zehui and told him that Chiang Kai-shek had ordered a purge in Kunming, and that mass arrests would soon be implemented.Lu said that it is easier to catch democrats, but it is difficult to catch Communists.He asked Long Zehui to try to inform Yang Qingtian, Tang Yongjiu, Ma Yao, and other famous democrats who might be members of the Communist Party, and ask them to evacuate immediately.Long Zehui invited Liu Shuqing, a provincial senator and manager of the Nanping Theater, to Lu's mansion, and asked her to notify someone as soon as possible and transfer her immediately.Because she has a wide range of contacts, and in the eyes of the enemy, her political outlook is probably a gray figure, and the spies don't pay much attention to her, so it is more convenient to ask her to inform.

On September 9, the purge began, and large-scale raids were carried out.At around 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the spy chiefs Xu Yuanju, Shen Zui and others led dozens of spies to arrest the famous democrat General Yang Jie.The secret agents rushed to nothing, and Yang Jie was notified in advance and flew to Hong Kong in the morning (later the secret agents chased him to Hong Kong and assassinated him). In the "Nine-Nine Purges", the reactionaries arrested more than 400 people, of whom more than 200 were about to be sentenced to execution.Mao Renfeng (director of the Secret Service of the Ministry of National Defense) took the list of more than 200 people and asked Lu Han for approval.Lu Han refused to kill people on the grounds that he had killed too many people and had insufficient evidence to convince the public.Lu Han said, if it is handled in such a hasty way, I will not be able to be the provincial chairman anymore, so how can I share the worries for the president?Such a major issue should be treated with caution.Mao Renfeng was speechless, so he had to go back quickly.

Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy was to kill people with a knife and blame Lu Han, so that Lu Han could not forgive the Communist Party and the people, thus blocking the path of peaceful uprising that Lu Han chose. His intentions were very sinister.As for Lu Han, he tried every means to perfuse Chiang Kai-shek, and he would never be fooled. Therefore, he took the method of delaying as much as possible, so that he could not offend the people no matter what.He sent Yang Zhenxing, Chief of the Military Judicial Division, together with Shen Zui, to conduct a joint interrogation of the arrested persons one by one, deliberately delaying, and instructing Yang Zhenxing to release as much as possible, leaving only the part that the spies consider "big crimes", and at the same time, no abuse is allowed. .Until November, when the "acting president" Li Zongren was passing through Kunming, Lu Han took advantage of the conflict between Jiang and Li, seized the opportunity, and told Li Zongren that the detainees in the "Nine-Nine Purge" were social sages, ordinary workers and students. I am innocent, please forgive me on behalf of President Li, so as to reassure people's hearts.Li Zongren saw that the Jiang family dynasty was dead, and it was useless to struggle any longer, so he might as well be a favor, save more face with Lu Han, and generously approve Lu Han's request.Lu Han immediately ordered all the arrested persons to be purged and released on the same day.Yang Zhenxing didn't appreciate Lu Han's impatience, and took his time one by one.Lu Han called him over and reprimanded him, "Why are you so stupid? In the past, you just dealt with it. Now that you have Shang Fang's sword, let it go immediately if you don't give it to me!"

The uproar of swords and swords finally came to an end. In the middle of winter in 1949, only parts of the southwestern part of mainland China had yet to be liberated. The great People's Republic of China had already been born, and the whole country was rejoicing, preparing to welcome the first spring after the founding of New China.In the urban and rural areas of Yunnan, the revolutionary atmosphere was extremely active.In the cities, slogans such as "Down with the Kuomintang", "Welcome the People's Liberation Army", and "Long Live the Communist Party" appear in the streets and alleys at any time, and are posted on the walls of the downtown. In the countryside, the singing of "Peach Blossoms, Plum Blossoms, Peach Blossoms Blossoms! Welcome the People's Liberation Army into the village" echoed over the land of more than 300,000 square kilometers.Under such circumstances, the Lu Han government listened to the voices of the people, stopped the conscription of soldiers and food, banned the activities of Kuomintang secret agents, and refused to relocate units such as the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense and the Southwest Executive Office to Kunming; Under the guidance of the party organization, the peaceful uprising was agreed upon.

In addition to sending representatives to keep in touch with the CCP’s underground party organization in Yunnan, Lu Han sent Zhou Tiren and Lin Yutang (Minister of Finance) to Hong Kong and Guangzhou on December 3 to report to the CCP South China Bureau and Ye Jianying on the preparations for the uprising and to ask for instructions on the uprising . On the 6th, the South China Bureau instructed that the Kuomintang's military command organization tried to move to Yunnan in vain, and Lu Han must grasp the current situation, act according to the situation, and not be passive.Lin Yutang invited Gong Zizhi who was in Hong Kong to draft the first draft of the telegram for the Kunming Uprising, and returned to Kunming on the 7th to report to Lu Han about his trip to Hong Kong in detail.At the same time, the South China Bureau sent Zhou Tiren to Guangzhou to report to Ye Jianying.Ye told Zhou that generals Chen Geng and Song Renqiong were fighting in Guangxi, and soon led their troops into Yunnan, hoping that Zhou would go to Nanning to meet Chen and Song.Zhou immediately telegraphed Hu Han, saying, "The order has been completed."When Lu Han received the telegram, he was very relieved and more confident. The reply week asked him to go to Nanning on his behalf to welcome the two generals Chen and Song to Kunming as soon as possible, and to accept the instructions of the two generals.Preparations for the uprising, generally ready. On the other hand, while Lu Han was actively preparing for the uprising, Chiang Kai-shek was also intensifying his plotting activities, and he was still carrying out his plan of using Chengdu, Xikang and Yunnan as his last-ditch plans.On the one hand, Hu Zongnan, his direct descendant, was ordered to transfer the remnants of the army to the west of Yunnan to establish a new anti-communist base; Kunming Airport was used as a transfer station to transport Kuomintang military and political officials and supplies, and then transferred to Taiwan via Hainan Island.In accordance with Chiang Kai-shek's will, the 26th Army and the 8th Army cooperated closely with the spies and continued to engage in various criminal activities as one. In order to make final preparations for the uprising, after Lu Han contacted the CCP's underground party, he held an emergency meeting on the evening of December 6. Yang Wenqing, Ma Ying, Long Zehui and Er Xiaoqing attended the meeting.Lu Han said that the timing is very urgent. If we wait until the People's Liberation Army arrives in Weining and Panxian before revolting, it will be too late and it will be of no value.After hearing this, the participants knew in their hearts that the time for the uprising was approaching, and they had to hurry up and prepare for anything that was not ready.The meeting decided to mobilize 400 vehicles, day and night, to transport Yu Jianxun's 74th Army and Longsheng Wenshi of the 93rd Army from western Yunnan to Kunming to strengthen the defense force after the Kunming Uprising.This meeting was already extraordinary. It was held from 11:00 p.m. on the 6th to 6:00 a.m. on the 7th. Fully exchange views. On the 7th, Zhang Qun was ordered by Chiang Kai-shek to fly to Kunming, and persuaded Lu Han to let the KMT's Ministry of National Defense and other important military authorities move to Kunming so as to receive US aid and make Kunming the last anti-communist base.Lu Han politely refused on the grounds that the people of Yunnan had been overburdened since the Anti-Japanese War, their vitality had not recovered, and their hearts were unstable.Zhang Qun came to Kunming without achieving his purpose, so he called Jiang to report.Jiang asked Zhang Qun to tell Long Zehui, and let Long and Zhang fly to Chengdu on the same plane on the 8th to report the situation in Yunnan.Lu Han thought that it would not be good for Guang Longzehui to go alone, so he might as well use his plan and send Li Mi and Yu Chengwanxin to Chengdu, so as not to hinder the preparations for the uprising, so he suggested to Zhang Qun that the three army commanders were all in Kunming, and they should not As if it would be better to report the situation, Zhang Qun agreed.In this way, Long Zehui, Li Mi, and Yu Chengwan accompanied Zhang Qun and flew to Chengdu on the afternoon of the 8th. The four of them took a car and went straight to the Central Military Academy, where Chiang Kai-shek lived. When the four of them arrived at their place of residence, Zhang Qun first went upstairs to meet Jiang.After a while, Chiang Kai-shek went downstairs to meet the commanders of the three armies, and the three stood up and saluted at the same time.After the ceremony, Jiang motioned for the three to sit down, then asked Lu Han about his condition, and Long and the others replied "much better".Jiang suddenly changed the subject and asked what would you do if the communist army arrived in Yunnan?Long Zehui plucked up the courage to answer: "Follow the instructions of the principal, turn Yunnan into a solid anti-communist base, actively defend, and try our best to resist." "What if you can't resist?" Jiang asked again. "Retreat to the west of Yunnan and resist in the Dali area." Long replied. "Who told you to go to the west of Yunnan?" Jiang was very angry. "My students must be obedient and loyal to the party and state. Now Yunnan depends on you! If you and Chairman Lu plan this way, I will ignore you." Long Zehui thought to himself, it would be better if you don't care, but he still said: "We have difficulties!" Jiang asked again: "What's the problem?" Therefore, Long Zehui listed a lot of difficulties, such as not enough weapons, not enough military pay, not enough gasoline, and so on.These were all words discussed with Lu Han before the trip to deal with Jiang.Unexpectedly, Jiang was full of promises to these problems, and very readily agreed to let Gu Zhutong, the chief of the general staff, solve them.Then he talked about the old tune that the third world war was about to break out, boasted about the aid of the United States, and so on.In the end, everyone is required to carry forward the "Whampoa Spirit", maintain military integrity, and be loyal to the party and the country. If you fail, you will be benevolent.At the end of the conversation, Chiang Kai-shek gave a banquet in front of the emperor, specially entertaining the commanders of the three armies, and pulled Long Zehui to sit next to him on his left.Yu Chengwan and Li Mi also sat down in sequence after it, and Zhang Qun and Hu Zongnan accompanied Jiang on the right.This meal, although the food is the same, but the taste of everyone's mouth is probably very different. That night, Long Zehui didn't close his eyes, tossed and turned, and couldn't let go of Kunming's uprising preparations? At 4:00 p.m. on December 9, 1949, Lu Han called Xu Zhenfang, the commander of the security battalion (Li Huanwen was transferred to the head of the 12th Security Regiment in early November. The special agent captain Long Yunqing went to his home (Cuihu) to explain the task and said: "Chengdu is almost finished, and the students from the military officer school are all pulled out to fight. We decided to revolt tonight." Then he made the deployment of troops and the detention of the central military and political officials of the Kuomintang. time and method etc. At 5:00 p.m., Lu Han, in the name of Zhang Qun, the military and political chief of the Southwest, came to Kunming to hold an emergency meeting, and notified the military and political officials of the Chiang Kai-shek faction in Kunming to come to Lu's house for a meeting at 10:00 p.m. At 8:00 p.m., Xu Zhenfang and Long Yunqing mobilized troops according to Lu Han's prior arrangement: the guard battalion dispatched the first company commander Li Yuanhua ("Junmeng") to lead the entire company to deploy defenses around Lu's house in Cuihu; the third company platoon leader Xu Chunwu was transferred He led the whole platoon of soldiers to lie in ambush opposite the southwestern command post of the Gendarmerie Headquarters on Huashan West Road, blocked its exit with firepower, and monitored its actions; "League") and Li Fu (Party member), Chief of Staff of the Secret Service, stationed in Wuhua Mountain to control the troops.Xu Zhenfang also personally went to each company to inform the other officers above the platoon to go to Luzhai in Cuihu to perform their duties in full armor.There were 4 company commanders, 3 company political instructors, 2 platoon leaders, He Sigong, director of the battalion office, and Xu Zhenfang himself, a total of 11 people; Long Yunqing led the team leader Zhang Cunlu and 8 soldiers, a total of 10 people, a total of 21 people were in ambush The garden and darkroom of Lu’s house are on standby.Lu Han's adjutants Yang Zhihua and Tao Lin were in charge of reception. (list attached) After 9:00 p.m., Li Mi, Commander of the Eighth Army, Yu Chengwan, Commander of the 26th Army, Shi Butian, Commander of the 193rd Division, Shen Zui, Director of the Dian Station of the Ministry of National Defense Security Bureau, Li Chufan, Commander of the Southwest Military Police, and Deputy Commander of the Military Police Tong Heling, Chief of Staff, and Shen Yanshi, Deputy Commander of the Fifth Military Region of the Air Force, arrived at Luzhai one after another. According to Lu Han's arrangement, Zhang Qun lived in Lu Han's mansion, and the others went back to their own residences.Then inform Longzehui to go to Mount Wuhua to accept the mission.The storm of peaceful uprising has come!It turned out that on the morning of the 9th, when Lu Han called from Chengdu and learned that Zhang Qun would come to Kunming for the fourth time today, this was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, so he resolutely made the decision to revolt tonight.At 5:00 p.m., he issued a notice in the name of Chief Zhang Qun’s visit to Kunming, inviting Yu Chengwan, Li Mi, Shen Zui, Li Chufan, Shen Yanshi, Shi Butian, etc., the chiefs of the Kuomintang’s central military police stationed in Kunming, to meet in Zhangzhou at 9:00 p.m. The Lu mansion where Qun stayed had a meeting.In order to avoid the suspicion of the enemy, Long Zehui, Ma Ying, and Xie Chongwen were also listed in the list of persons notified to attend the meeting, but they were notified in advance that these three people did not need to attend the meeting.In order to confuse the enemy, Lu Han deliberately cast a smoke screen and hosted a banquet at the new mansion for the Consul Generals of the United States, Britain, and France in Kunming.At that time, Lu's mansion was full of people, full of traffic, singing and dancing, and the guests and hosts had a good time.Chiang Kai-shek and his minions would never have imagined that what awaited them in the midst of this song and dance was their demise! At 9 o'clock, Yu Chengwan, Li Mi, Shen Zui and other people were all present, but the conveners Lu Han and Zhang Qun were not there. As usual, Lu Han always waited for guests in the living room in advance, but only today When the evening guests had arrived for a long time, he didn't show up.Everyone got a little impatient waiting, some looked at their watches, and some stared outside the door. Shi Butian, the commander of the 26th Army, was even more impatient. He got up and walked to the door, wanting to see what happened.It was too late to say it, but it was soon, when Long Yunqing stepped into the hall, all the attendees stood on the wall with a swish, ready to raise their hands in salute, thinking that Lu Han and Zhang Qun were about to walk quickly.Not allowing everyone to think, following Long Yunqing's thunderous roar: "Hold up your hands, don't move!" A dozen or so soldiers held steel guns, stepped into the hall with a bang, and raised their guns at the hall. Each - every participant.These demon kings who used to kill without batting an eye were stupefied with fright. Before they figured out what was going on, they obediently became prisoners and were escorted to Guangfu Building in Wuhua Mountain for guarding. At the same time, Zhang Qun made a long-distance call to Chiang Kai-shek in Chengdu in Lu Mansion, but the call could not be made, and the outside line had been cut off.Zhang Qun panicked and hurriedly looked for the adjutant, but the adjutant had been detained and could not be found.Just when Zhang Qun was at a loss, two guards came, handed over his gun, and told him that Yunnan had declared an uprising, and asked him to stay in the house obediently and wait to be punished.Zhang Qun was stunned by the sudden news of the Kunming Uprising, and suddenly lost his mind, he slumped on the sofa and couldn't stand for a long time. After completing the above tasks, three people including Long Yunqing and Han Yongxiang went to Lu Han's new house to confiscate the weapons of Zhang Qun and his secretary, and sent people to guard the place. Then, the three company commanders of the guard battalion, Han Yongxiang, Fu Yuzhi, and Zhang Zhuyao, together with the driver Li Yuanji, divided Li Mi, Yu Chengwan, Shi Butian, Shen Zui, Li Chufan, Tong Heling, and Shen Yanshi into seven groups, escorting them each time. One person went to the Guangfu Building in Wuhua Mountain. Yang Qingtian, a member of our party, Wu Shaomo, and Song Yihen, a democrat, explained the party's policies to them, asked them to sign the "Uprising Straight Talk", and asked them to order their troops to stay where they were. standby. Jiang Shaoyu was finally escorted to Wuhua Mountain by Long Zehui, Liu Yunzong, and He Sigong in a car. Long Zehui asked Liu and He to return to the team to rest. Later, Long Zehui released Jiang Shaoyu. After detaining Li Mi and others, Lu Han took a car to Wuhua Mountain, personally inspected the sentry post where the guard battalion was deployed, and then called a meeting with the section chief and above to explain the situation at that time and the significance of the uprising.It is required to encircle and disarm the Chiang Kai-shek clique's armed forces in Kunming and its suburbs before dawn, and then send out a telegram announcing the Yunnan Uprising and breaking away from the Chiang Kai-shek clique. At 10 o'clock in the evening on December 9, 1949, in the office of the provincial chairman of Guangfu Building on Wuhua Mountain, Lu Han announced the news of the peaceful uprising in Kunming to the whole province, and ordered the party, government and military departments at all levels to stick to their posts, perform their duties, and maintain public order , Resolutely suppress those who dare to resist.Immediately, he called Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, etc. of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and connected the provinces, reporting the peaceful uprising in Kunming and announcing the liberation of Yunnan.The telegram is as follows: Chairman Mao of the Central People's Government, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, Premier Zhou, and the People's Revolutionary Military Commission also request that the commander, deputy commander, and political commissars of the People's Liberation Army Field Army, all military and political committees across the country, the people's governments of all provinces and cities, and the military control committees of all provinces and cities Learn from: Since the Republic of China, the people of Yunnan have longed for the great cause of democracy and peaceful reunification. The battle of defending the country against Yuan has long been known to the public.My three elders originally expected that after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the restoration of the country, China will achieve peaceful reunification and devote itself to the construction of a democratic, prosperous and happy new China.Unexpectedly, the reactionary Kuomintang government turned its back on the revolution, ruled out dissidents, and in order to consolidate its bloody one-party dictatorship, it did not hesitate to resort to military force, crippled the people, sabotaged the CPPCC, provoked civil war, and plotted to eliminate the surging and developing people's revolution with the U.S. imperialism as its backing. As a result, the 450 million people of our country were plunged into the abyss of deep water, and the vitality of the nation was completely destroyed. It has been four years since the Han Dynasty ruled the government of Yunnan. They were ignorant of the trend of the current situation, frightened by the threat of the Chiang bandits, and failed to unite the army and the people in time to resist rape. Tens of thousands of athletes were transferred to the battlefield against the people. The young people suffered from the cruel hands of the counter-revolution, and they reflected on themselves and felt a lot of guilt. Now, when the great cause of national liberation is about to be completed, the Jiang bandits are still obsessed with their obsessions and put pressure on them in an attempt to retreat their remnants of forces to Yunnan for the final battle.The situation is now intolerable. In order to solicit the wishes of all military and political compatriots and comply with the demands of all Yunnan elders, he announced today that he would sever ties with the Kuomintang reactionary government under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, automatically liberate the whole territory and return to the people's democratic camp, and temporarily organize the Yunnan People's Provisional Military and Political Committee to maintain Maintain local order, protect public and private assets, obey the orders of the Central People's Government and the Revolutionary Committee, and sincerely welcome the liberation army to enter Yunnan to take over as soon as possible. From now on, Han et al. will pledge sincerity to accept the leadership of the Communist Party of China in order to realize New Democracy.Strive to build a new China of democracy, freedom, peace and happiness. I would like to call and wait for instructions. Lu Han December 9, 1949 at 22:00 On the 10th, the sky was exceptionally clear, and a red sun rose from the east. Facing the morning glow, a bright five-star red flag rose slowly on the top of the Wuhuashan Watchtower.In the streets and alleys, red flags are waving; in every house, firecrackers are blasting.The peaceful uprising in Kunming was victorious. The brilliance of the Communist Party and Chairman Mao shone like sunshine over the plateau and moistened the earth like rain! On the second day after the uprising was announced, Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu sent a congratulatory message from Beijing, speaking highly of the Yunnan Uprising. The congratulatory message said: Chairman Lu Medal: I am very pleased to read the good news.Yunnan's declaration to break away from the reactionary Kuomintang government and submit to the Central People's Government to accelerate the progress of the Southwest Liberation War will definitely be welcomed by the people of the whole country.Now the political commissar Deng Xiaoping, Commander Liu Bocheng of our Second Field Army has been stationed in Chongqing. In order to solve the Yunnan problem, I hope that Xun will directly contact Chongqing and accept the command of Generals Liu and Deng. (1) Prepare to welcome the People's Liberation Army to station in Yunnan, and cooperate with our army to eliminate all counter-revolutionary troops who dare to resist. (2) Implement the four calls of the People's Liberation Army's announcement on April 20 this year and the two generals Liu and Deng on November 21 this year.Protect all national property, maintain local order, and wait for reception. (3) Arrest important counter-revolutionary elements and suppress counter-revolutionary activities. (4) Protect the people's revolutionary activities and establish contact with the Yunnan people's revolutionary armed forces. Also, in order to formally announce the uprising to the people of Yunnan and the whole country and obtain the understanding of all parties, it is more appropriate to send another telegram to further review the past, and then we telegram and publish it after mutual agreement. Hope to adjudicate. Mao Zedong Zhu De December 11, 1949 Commander Liu Bocheng of the Second Field Army and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping sent congratulatory messages from Chongqing.Chief of the General Staff Ye Jianying also sent a congratulatory message from Guangzhou, congratulating and encouraging the Yunnan Uprising. Soon, the good news of the uprising spread like a spring breeze, and people all over the province were excited and rushed to tell each other.Kunming, which was originally in a state of tension, suddenly appeared a new scene of vitality.The shops opened, and every household hung up the five-star red flag, decorated with lanterns and festoons, and people from all walks of life were smiling; the streets and alleys were full of gongs and drums, and firecrackers were blasting. Bright Sky" and other songs to celebrate the success of the uprising and the liberation of Yunnan! At dawn on the 10th, Long Zehui, the commander of the 93rd Army, led a company of the guard battalion to the headquarters of the 13th Gendarmerie Regiment in the urban area, and announced the Yunnan Uprising to the head of the regiment Wang Xu ("Military League"). Wang Xu immediately led his troops to respond to the uprising. He also ordered all weapons to be sealed and collected, and the troops were concentrated on standby (later reorganized into a regiment directly under the 13th Army).An officer of the Kunming Garrison Headquarters led a platoon of the Guard Battalion and confiscated the weapons of the Guard Battalion of the Sixth Training Headquarters on Ru'an Street (the battalion commander Mi Changling was a member of the "Military League"). The pursuit gun company of the guard battalion was stationed in Longtou Village along with the headquarters of the 11th Security Regiment. At 12 o'clock on the night of December 9, the head of the regiment Zhu Deyu ("Military League") drove from the urban area to the regiment headquarters to convene a meeting of cadres above the company level, announced the Lu Han uprising and issued an order to relieve the northern suburbs of Kunming from the Ciba Central Machine Factory. , along Shangzhuang, Gangtou Village, North Railway Station, Xiaodongmen, and the armed forces of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Kunming to Xiaoba.After the deployment of the above-mentioned troops, the last remaining two companies, actually less than 200 people, are responsible for disarming the garrison in Xiaoba Tianxiang Middle School, estimated to be about 500 people.The mortar company served as regiment headquarters security. At the scheduled time, gunshots erupted throughout the northern suburbs of Kunming. After about half an hour, the gunfire gradually stopped everywhere.Only the gunshots in Xiaoba Tianxiang Middle School continued until dawn.The head of the regiment Zhu Deyu ordered the mortar company commander Zhang Zhiwang ("Junmeng") to lead a mortar platoon to build a position outside Tianxiang Middle School and bombard the recalcitrant Jiang army with mortars.The company commander Zhang Zhiwang personally commanded each target with 20 rounds each time.It was found that the enemy of resistance was more than 1,500 members of the military police teaching regiment that had just withdrawn to Kunming. Wang Xu, a member of the "military alliance", immediately wrote a letter to persuade Zhou Yongxi, the deputy head of the regiment, to stop resisting and accept the uprising order. After 12 noon on the 10th, the regiment began to fly the white flag and stopped resisting. On December 11, according to the needs of the development of the situation, the leading group for the work against the enemy was divided into two, and the Kunming Municipal Party Committee's Security Department and the Municipal Party Committee's Provisional Army Working Committee were established.The Temporary Military Industry Committee is responsible for the work against the uprising troops.Wang Yukun was the secretary, and Fei Bing, Liu Yunzong, Ma Fenggang, and Guo Shiying were members of the committee. The guard battalion did the following work during the defense of Kunming: 1. Lu Han ordered Yang Wenzhou, Director of General Affairs of the Kunming Garrison Headquarters, to take a platoon of guard battalions to escort more than 200 vehicles to western Yunnan to pick up and transport Yu Jianxun's 74th Army (renamed to the temporary 12th Army after the uprising) to the vicinity of Lufeng. 2. Lu Han ordered an officer of the garrison headquarters to lead a platoon of guard battalions to Chenggong, Jinning, Kunyang, Baiyukou, and Xishan along the coast of Dianchi Lake. All ships were gathered in Daguanlou and Zhuantang ports to guard against the enemy's use of ships. Smuggled across the Dianchi Lake to attack the urban area of ​​Kunming. 3 During the Kunming Defense War, various signal flares appeared in the urban area every night.Battalion Commander Xu Zhenfang led several soldiers to Guangfu Building to observe the situation, determine the location of the signal flare, and capture three suspects. 4. When the defense battle was urgent, Lu Han ordered the guard battalion and the special service team to build fortifications in Wuhua Mountain, Yuantong Mountain, Yunnan University, Shengli Hall, City Hall and other places, and prepared to use this as a stronghold to stand by when necessary.Officers and soldiers rushed to repair the fortifications day and night, ready to fight at any time. 5 After the enemy planes bombed Wuhua Mountain, Lu Han's office was moved from Wuhua Mountain to Yuantong Mountain, and the third company of the guard battalion took over the guard task of Yuantong Mountain. 6. When the enemy planes bombed Kunming, Lu Han ordered the guard battalion to concentrate the machine gunners of each company to form several anti-air shooting groups, which were responsible for the anti-air shooting tasks in Wuhua Mountain, Yuantong Mountain, Yi'an Building (now Kunming Hotel), etc., forcing the enemy The plane dare not fly low.In the air battle, a squad leader was killed, Wu Kaixian ("Minqing"), Li Yaowen and six others were injured. After the victory of the Kunming Defense War, the guard battalion, in addition to continuing to serve as the guard of the Wuhuashan military and political head office, protecting warehouse materials, documents and files, and prison guards, also organized party members to study the "Party Committee "Working Methods", publicize and implement the "Eight Chapters of the Constitution" to expand the party's political influence in the uprising troops; carry out anti-special special education to consolidate the uprising troops. On February 20, 1950, the Second Field and Fourth Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Kunming. Commander Chen Geng and Political Commissar Song Renqiong climbed to Mount Wuhua and established a new people's regime.The guard battalion was ordered to hand over the guard task of Wuhua Mountain to the 109th Regiment of the 37th Division of the People's Liberation Army, and then moved to Yuxi to be incorporated into the original 11th Security Regiment, pending reorganization.So far, the Yunnan Provincial Government Guard Battalion, under the leadership of the underground party, has successfully completed its special historical mission. August 1988 Attachment: The list of persons who participated in the detention of KMT military and political officials during the Kunming Uprising Guard Battalion Special Task Force Commander: Xu Zhenfang ("Military League") Captain: Long Yunqing Camp Political Office Director: He Sigong ("Minqing") Sub-Captain: Zhang Cunlu ("Minqing") Company Commander: Han Yongxiang ("Minqing") Soldiers: Wang Jingtao ("Minqing") company commander: Zhang Zhuyao ("Xinlian") soldier: Kong Xiangchun ("Minqing") company commander: Yang Runkun ("Xinlian") soldier: Li Honggang ("Minqing") guard battalion special task force company commander : Fu Yuzhi ("Army League") Soldier: Feng Guofu ("Minqing") Company Political Instructor: Liu Yunzong ("Party Member") Soldier: Zhang Kaike ("Army League") Company Political Instructor: Shen Guangzu ("Minqing") Armed Forces Team") Company Political Instructor: Luo Jiakai ("Minqing") Soldier: Wu Training ("Minqing") Platoon Leader: Zhang Yi ("Minqing") Soldier: Wang Huagao Platoon Leader: Nong Yuzhu ("Minqing") Total: 21 people.Also Lu Han's adjutants: Yang Zhihua, Tao Lin, driver: Li Yuanji The Kunming Uprising was the result of the long-term work of the Communist Party of China, the victory of the party's united front policy, and the fact that Lu Han, inspired by the party's policy, gradually recognized the trend of the times, the aspirations of the people, and focused on the interests of the nation. It is a just act that conforms to the trend of history, and thus won the support and praise of the people. On December 11, Mao Zedong and Zhu De sent a telegram to Lu Han, saying that they were very pleased with the victory of the Kunming Uprising, and pointed out that Yunnan announced that it would break away from the Kuomintang reactionary government, obey the Central People's Government, and accelerate the process of the Southwest Liberation War.Mao Zedong and Zhu De made four clear instructions on the work in Yunnan, and hoped that Lu Han would follow them, the third of which was about arresting counter-revolutionaries and suppressing counter-revolutionary activities.Although Lu Han assured Mao Zedong and Zhu De in his reply that the counter-revolutionaries from Li Mi and Yu Chengwan "had been wiped out" and all instructions were resolutely "followed and handled."However, due to the limitation of his level of ideological awareness and understanding at that time, in his subsequent activities, his implementation of the instructions of the central government was a little compromised. The treatment of Zhang Qun, Yu Chengwan and Li Mi It's obviously wrong. As mentioned earlier, Zhang Qun, Yu Chengwan and Li Mi were already prisoners at the time of the uprising.The life and death of these three people is completely in the hands of Lu Han. Lu Han and Zhang Qun have a very close political relationship and a deep personal relationship. One is in Yunnan and the other is in the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. They are connected and support each other. The relationship is extraordinary.In the past four years, Lu Han was able to overcome many difficulties, take charge of the Yunnan government, and not be harmed by Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren, thanks to Zhang Qun's trust and support to a large extent.Zhang Qun believed that Lu Han supported him and was also an ideal talent for governing Yunnan.Therefore, in front of Jiang and Li, he always advocated maintaining the status quo in Yunnan, opposed the reorganization of the Lu Han government, and repeatedly promoted Jiang Lu and Li Lu to compromise.Lu Han always respected Zhang Qun very much, and regarded him as his confidant and backer. For Zhang's support, Lu Han would always repay Zhang Qun's kindness, and kept sending books and telegrams.Zhang Qun was also well aware of Lu Han's attitude towards Qiji, and never considered the danger of coming to Lu Han?Therefore, for the survival of the Chiang family dynasty, he flew to Kunming four times to urge Lu Han to side with Chiang Kai-shek and turn Yunnan into an anti-communist base.And this last time, out of his expectation, he was actually detained by Lu Han, but he still believed that Lu Han would not hurt him.经他一再致函卢汉，诉说自己手无兵权，扣他无用，乞念昔日旧谊，放他一条生路，表示他准备出国当寓公，决不再搞政治。这一手还真管用，打动了卢汉的心，卢汉决定放他远走高飞。 中共昆明市委得知卢汉准备放张群的消息，11日上午立刻派杨青田告诉卢汉说，张是甲级战犯，不能释放，要放必须请示中央同意。卢只说，张对云南有过好处。是否放人，不作正面回答。杨青田一走，他马上派人把张群送上巳准备好的飞机，使张群得以继续从事反共反人民的勾当。 卢汉释放张群(字岳军)，是错误的，但却是可以理解的。为了讲义气，他甘挡军令，违背中央指示和人民意愿，这是不应该的，这是封建旧意识旧道德观作祟的结果。 如果说，卢汉释放张群是报恩之举，那么，后来放走李弥和余程万却是从瓦解敌人的主观愿望出发了。为此，他先是将李、余二人列名于起义后建立的临时政府——云南省临时军政委员会名单，想用这个办法分化敌军，瓦解26军和第8军进攻昆明的攻势。但目的没有达到，反动派新任命了这两个军的军长，加紧进攻昆明。 卢汉在征得第二野战军司令员刘伯承和政委邓小平同意后，继续做争取李弥和余程万的工作，以瓦解和促使第8军与26军官兵起义。他将余程万和李弥分别安排住在自己的新公馆和龙泽汇家，派亲信作陪说服。余、李二人亦曾表示乐意参加起义，还发表广播讲话，致书所部，劝其撤退。李弥提出让他妻子先去第8军做说服工作，卢汉同意了。李妻去了回来称：第8军表示只要放回李弥，一切照办。为了减轻敌军对昆明的军事压力，卢汉同意将李弥放回第8军。岂料此乃敌人阴谋，李弥一回到第8军就同新任军长曹天戈一道，组织指挥第8军这支反动武装，与人民顽抗到底，直至第8军被人民解放军歼灭，李弥只身逃到台湾，继续干反革命勾当。 至于佘程万，26军有的军官写信说，为了营救他们的余军长，他们要战斗到最后一个人，血染滇池。卢汉考虑既然26军为营救余程万而战，不如放出余程万，或许能瓦解敌军心理，缓和敌军攻势，况且余程万不像李弥那样奸诈，姑且放他出去，说不定会确实起点作用。余程万也指天发誓说，出去一定率部起义。12月21日，余程万回到26军，随即被挟持南逃，最后被蒋介石所杀害。 卢汉误释张、李、余，这是昆明起义过程中不该发生的一段小插曲。