Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Lu Han ruled Yunnan for four full years from December 1945, when he took office as chairman of Yunnan Province, to declaring a peaceful uprising.During this period, he had conflicts and struggles with Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang Central Committee, but also colluded with each other.In order to consolidate his rule, he followed Chiang Kai-shek to suppress the resistance struggles of the Yunnan people many times in the past four years. Although he was not willing to do some activities, but was forced by the situation and succumbed to Chiang's pressure, he still had an inescapable responsibility.Since the outbreak of the civil war, the People's Liberation Army has swept the Kuomintang army with thunderous force, especially after the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin. The main force of the Kuomintang army has been completely lost.When the Jiang family dynasty was on the verge of total collapse, Lu Han was unwilling to be the sacrificial object of the Jiang family dynasty and confronted the people to the end, but also worried that he would not be able to get the understanding of the people and could not find a new way out, so he fell into anxiety and hesitation. middle.Just when Lu Han was vacillating and looking for a home, the Communist Party of China extended a helping hand to him in time, pointing out the bright road for him to take a peaceful uprising and turn to the people.It's just that the mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way out, and the willows are dark and the flowers are bright and another village!

As early as during the Anti-Japanese War, the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Yunnan Working Committee, in accordance with the spirit of the central government’s instructions to develop progressive forces, win over middle forces, and oppose stubborn forces, continuously dispatched cadres to Yunnan and the Yunnan Army to do work for local power factions, which not only made the Yunnan Army It was able to fight bravely on the front line of the Anti-Japanese War, and the rear of Yunnan became a well-known fortress of democracy. It also laid a good foundation for the united front work of local forces in Yunnan during the War of Liberation.

In December 1945, as soon as Lu Han came to power, Zhou Enlai instructed the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee in Chongqing that Lu Han’s local forces had always had conflicts with Chiang Kai-shek’s clique, and Chiang Kai-shek wanted to pull Lu Han to follow him, but Lu Han was not very relieved of Chiang. .In view of this relationship, we should adopt a neutral and united front policy towards Lu Han.In accordance with the spirit of this instruction, the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee actively launched the work of fighting for the Luhan Group.Since the main force of the Yunnan army was transferred to the northeast front line soon, the work on Yunnan was carried out simultaneously in the northeast and Yunnan respectively.

When the Yunnan Army was reorganized in Vietnam, the CCP’s underground organization took advantage of the reorganization opportunity to ambush party members and activists close to the Party in important positions in the Yunnan Army. Work. In April 1946, when the Yunnan Army arrived in Liaoning, underground party members collected a lot of important information and sent them to the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northeast People's Liberation Army Frontline Command to provide the basis for the party to carry out the work of the Yunnan Army in a correct and timely manner.Due to the exclusion and suppression of the Dian army by the direct descendants of the Jiang gang, especially the long-term work of the CCP’s underground organization, on May 30, the 184th Division, led by the division commander Pan Shuodan, revolted in Haicheng and fell into the arms of the people. example.

Just when the Yunnan Army entered the Northeast, the Central Committee decided to send Communist Party members from Yunnan to the Northeast to fight for the Yunnan Army. In late April, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De and other central leaders summoned Liu Hao in Yan'an and gave detailed instructions on sending him to the Northeast to do a good job in the Yunnan Army.Zhu De said that according to the situation of the enemy forces in the Northeast, it is of great significance to do a good job in the work of fighting for the Yunnan Army.The Yunnan Army had conflicts with the Central Army, was discriminated against, and felt dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek and the Central Army; some officers were a little patriotic; we had party underground work in the Yunnan Army.To make full use of these conditions, rely on the party's policy influence and the power of the People's Liberation Army to continue to work, it is possible to win most of the Yunnan Army uprising.In addition to emphasizing the importance of doing a good job in the work of the Yunnan Army, Liu Shaoqi also clearly instructed to work on the Yunnan Army from three aspects: one is to rely on the underground organization in the Yunnan Army and work from within the Yunnan Army; the other is to rely on the power of the People's Liberation Army In line with the party's policy, to launch a political offensive against the Yunnan army, the third is to use every possible opportunity to directly contact the generals of the Yunnan army and openly instigate rebellion.In short, we must do everything possible to win and force most of the Yunnan Army to revolt. In early May, Liu Hao went to the northeast with Zhu De's letter to the generals of the Yunnan Army.In Beiping, Ye Jianying met him and gave him instructions on his work.When he arrived in the Northeast, he met with the Northeast Bureau and the leaders of the Northeast People's Liberation Army Luo Ronghuan, Peng Zhen, Li Lisan, etc. The Northeast Bureau appointed him as the deputy secretary of the Yunnan Army Working Committee and the director of the front office of the Political Department of the Northeast Military Region, responsible for instigating rebellion against the Yunnan Army .Due to work needs, Liu Hao later served as the head of the Liaison Department of the First Corps of the Northeast People's Liberation Army.He quickly established contact with the underground party organization in the Yunnan Army and carried out his work effectively.

In the summer of 1948, the 100,000 Kuomintang defenders in Changchun were heavily surrounded by the People's Liberation Army.Underground members of the Communist Party of China in the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army stationed in Changchun, in order to cooperate with the People's Liberation Army to strengthen its political offensive against the 60th Army, provided a list, and selected more than 100 family members of enemy officers who were separated from Jilin's defeat and educated them. After making them understand the policies of the Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army, they were sent to Changchun to reunite with their relatives and expand the political influence of the People's Liberation Army; Leader Zeng Zesheng and other people with close relationships, such as Zhang Bingchang, the former colonel commander of the 60th Army, and Li Zhengxian, the deputy commander, were sent back to the 60th Army to instigate rebellion. His teacher Long Yao and others wrote letters, urging him to judge the situation and quickly choose a bright future. Pan Shuodan also went to the front line in Changchun to instigate rebellion.

After this series of work, in the face of the powerful offensive of the PLA and inspired by the wise policies of the Communist Party, Zeng Zesheng, the commander of the 60th Army, and his subordinates, Long Yao, the commander of the 21st Division, and Bai Zhaoxue, the commander of the 183rd Division, went through secret negotiations. On the 17th, a telegram was issued, announcing the uprising, joining the People's Liberation Army, and turning its guns to fight Chiang Kai-shek.In the previous two days, that is, on October 15, the 93rd Army of the Yunnan Army had been wiped out by the People's Liberation Army under the city of Jinzhou.So far, the two armies of the Yunnan Army that were transferred by Chiang Kai-shek to the Northeast to fight the civil war have all disintegrated.Lu Han's bargaining chip with Chiang Kai-shek has been exhausted, forcing him to seriously consider how to move forward.

Long Zehui, the former deputy commander of the 93rd Army and Lu Han's brother-in-law, left the army before the 93rd Army was wiped out, escaped the fate of being a prisoner, and returned to Kunming at the urging of Lu Han.As soon as Lu Han saw Long Zehui, he asked in detail about the situation of the Liaoshen Campaign and the trend of Pingjin, and then said thoughtfully: "The situation in China is complicated, and the environment in Yunnan is special. We must find a way out of difficulties and seek progress in stability. .” Where is the way out for Lu Han?What kind of progress is he asking for?At that time, not only the listeners were unclear, but even Lu Han himself was also unclear.So he told Long Zehui, "In order to protect Sanyi's elders from swords and preserve their homes, the main purpose of my urging you back is to expand the army." What is the purpose of Lu Han's army expansion?Is it against the Communist guerrillas?Or contend with Chiang Kai-shek's Central Army?Or both?It is estimated to be the latter, because Lu Han at the end of 1948 was still swinging left and right, and he still adhered to the creed that having soldiers means power. say.

In order to win over Lu Han, the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee has been working in accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee.According to the instructions of the Central Committee and the Southern Bureau, and in line with the development of the War of Liberation, the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee has established a "special team" dedicated to fighting for Lu Han since 1946. Zheng Boke, Secretary of the Provincial Working Committee, and Chen Shengnian, Secretary of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee personally lead.The special group used various social relations to make friends, establish and develop peripheral progressive organizations, and successively established the "New Democratic League", "New Democratic Military League" and "New Democratic Police League" in the army and police. In December 1948, a three-person united front group was established, and a three-person party group was established at the beginning of the next year to strengthen the united front work for Lu Han and his family members and subordinates.Lu Han's three security battalion commanders; two are members of the Communist Party, and one is a member of the "military alliance".The united front work adopts the principles of combining open and covert struggles, winning progressive forces and disintegrating reactionary stubborn forces, and combining urban peaceful struggles with rural armed struggles. It actively unites and wins over the local power factions in Yunnan and isolates the Kuomintang direct lineage forces.The CCP’s underground party organization has also sent a large number of party members and activists to go deep into rural areas, factories and mines, government agencies, schools, press and publications, finance and trade, etc., to mobilize the masses extensively, resulting in anti-dictatorship, anti-civil war, anti-hunger, anti-persecution, and demands for democracy. The pressure of public opinion for peace, freedom, and liberation has promoted the change of Lu Han's thoughts and positions.

After the three major battles, when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were in peace negotiations, Lu Han stayed away from the southwestern border and watched the military struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.At this time, he planned three ideas.One is that if the KMT and the Communist Party draw a line along the Yangtze River, they are evenly matched, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties are divided across the river, forming a situation of Southern and Northern Dynasties, then he can maintain the independence of Yunnan and continue to rule the roost separately; If the Third World War breaks out, or if the People's Liberation Army is able to withstand the advance of the Jiangnan, Chiang Kai-shek will definitely strengthen his control over Yunnan. If the river passes by and the whole of China is liberated, then he will lead an uprising and go with the Communist Party.These circumstances show that Lu Han still had a certain degree of illusion about Chiang Kai-shek's regime, and he lacked understanding of the essence of the people's revolution.

In March 1949, the central government decided to select a group of officers from the uprising Yunnan Army and send them back to Yunnan to work for Lu Han and his subordinates. After the uprising of the 60th Army, it was reorganized into the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army, and Zhang Bingchang became the acting chief of staff.Due to the deep relationship between Zhang and Lu Han, the CCP organization decided to send him back to Yunnan to do Lu Han's work. Before the trip, the relevant leaders assigned him a task and asked him to explain to Lu Han that there are currently three options for Lu Han: one is He fled to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, and was finally abandoned by Chiang; the second was to flee the country and become "Baihua" (after the October Revolution, a group of Russians who were hostile to the revolution fled the Soviet Union and were called "White Russians". The person preparing to flee is "Bai Hua"); the third is to follow the path of the Zeng Zesheng and Pan Shuodan uprisings.We hope that Lu Han will choose the path of uprising. In May, Zhang Bingchang returned to Kunming and conveyed the Communist Party's opinions to Lu Han. In July, Lu Han appointed Zhang as the head of the 11th Security Regiment, and was promoted to division commander in September.After Zhang, the party organization successively sent back more than 50 officers above the regiment from the Yunnan Army or the captured officers of the Northeast uprising, and Lu Han made proper arrangements for these officers one by one.This fact shows that the united front work of the Communist Party of China has achieved remarkable results. The return of these officers undoubtedly played an important role in bringing about the Luhan Uprising. In April 1949, Nanjing, the capital of the Kuomintang government, was liberated, and the Nanjing government and its officials fled to Guangzhou.Chiang Kai-shek was dying, and the forward force of the People's Liberation Army had already reached the border of Hunan. If he launched an offensive again, he could reach Yunnan.Lu Han believed that Chiang Kai-shek's regime had failed, and the liberation of the whole country was only a matter of time.In August of the same year, Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren, veterans of the Kuomintang and well-known in the military and political circles, launched an uprising in Changsha.After they rebelled, they received preferential treatment.The liberation of Nanjing made Lu Han tremble with fear.Chiang Kai-shek could not withstand the attack of the People's Liberation Army, and the Yunnan Army under his command could not withstand the attack of the People's Liberation Army.The peaceful uprising in Hunan was an encouragement to him.He can no longer wander on the wrong road, and wants to imitate Cheng Qian to launch an uprising. Chiang Kai-shek was not at ease with Lu Han at first, but now that the situation has taken a turn for the worse for him, it has become a trend of falling trees and monkeys, which makes him even more suspicious of Lu Han.In order to stabilize Lu Han and find two last anti-communist bases for himself, Chiang Kai-shek adopted a policy of both soft and hard tactics, combining fighting and pulling with the main goal of pulling, and luring Lu Han to continue to work for him.From December 1948 to before the Lu Han Uprising, Chiang Kai-shek sent his cronies Zhang Qun to Kunming four times to harass Lu Han. In July and December 1949, Chiang Kai-shek called Lu Han's wife and younger brother Long Zehui twice to Chongqing for interviews. , and promoted the dragon to the commander of the army on the spot to show trust and closeness, and hoped that the dragon would influence Lu Han; In September, Lu Han was summoned to go to Chongqing by telegram. At first, Lu had concerns and made excuses to refuse to go. Jiang forced Lu to go to Chongqing with soldiers and asked Zhang Qun to come forward to guarantee that nothing would happen. Jiang welcomed Lu Han with a grand ceremony and appointed Lu Han as the director of appeasement in Yunnan. Yun expanded the security regiment into two regular armies, and gave Lu Han the special command of the military and police in Yunnan. According to Chiang Kai-shek's secret decree, spy chiefs Mao Renfeng, Xu Yuanju, Zhou Yanghao and Shen Zui arrived in Kunming one after another, forcing Lu Han to arrest hundreds of Communist Party members and progressives, creating the shocking "Nine Nine Purges" case.They put forward a list of more than 200 people and asked Lu Han to be executed by shooting. They tried to use this to push Lu Han into the abyss of self-isolation from the people, cut off Lu Han's path to the Communist Party, and could only follow Chiang Kai-shek. On September 6, Lu Han was forced to fly to Chongqing.In order to eliminate his worries and achieve the goal of wooing Lu Han, Jiang promised that Lu Han would have full power to deal with the Yunnan issue.Appoint Lu Han as the director of the Yunnan Provincial Appeasement Office, in charge of the command of the KMT's military and police Xiante in Yunnan; he is allowed to expand the existing security regiment into two armies, and promises a sum of money and weapons and equipment.The exchange conditions were that Lu Han should suppress the revolutionary forces in Yunnan, arrest communists and democratic progressives, mobilize the 74th Army and 93rd Army of local troops, cooperate with the 8th Army, 26th Army, and 89th Army of the Kuomintang to encircle and suppress the "frontier vertical" and guerrilla base areas . After Lu Han returned to Kunming from Chongqing, although he publicly expressed his support for Chiang Kai-shek and carried out arrests and suppression activities wantonly, he saw that the KMT would face the final collapse and had to leave a way out for himself. In early October, Zhou Tiren, who was appointed by the People's Liberation Army Headquarters, met with Lu Han for the first time. He introduced to Lu the history of the liberation of Peking, explained the policies of the Chinese Communist Party with facts, and dispelled Lu Han's concerns. In mid-October, Lu Han met with Zhou Tiren again and expressed his willingness to revolt.After investigation, Zhou Tiren was convinced that Lu Han had the sincerity of the uprising, and then he explained to Lu that he was a representative appointed by the PLA headquarters to return to Yunnan to discuss local peace issues, and conveyed the opinion of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that the best time for the Yunnan uprising was when the PLA wiped out Bai Chongxi and Hu Zongnan. After the first group army, when marching towards Yunnan. For those arrested in the "Nine-Nine Purges", the party organization arranged for members of the military alliance around Lu Han to offer advice to Lu Han and deal with them carefully to prevent Mao Renfeng from killing people with knives and using fake hands. When Lu Han approved the list of remaining people, Lu said that too many people had been killed, and the evidence was insufficient, so the handling was hasty and it was difficult to convince the public.In order to put blame on others, Mao Renfeng was in a hurry to deal with it, reducing the number of people to be killed again and again, while Lu Han kept delaying.According to the instructions of the underground party, in order to meet and rescue the arrested persons, the relevant personnel suggested to Lu Han that, with Lu Han's consent, they should organize a military court trial under the pretext that the case is serious and the evidence is insufficient, and reported to Chiang Kai-shek "agreed to do so", and ordered Shen Zui to be arrested. The case was transferred to the Military Jurisdiction Division of the Yunnan Appeasement Administration to organize a joint military jurisprudence.Immediately, the arrests and detainees were concentrated in Qianju Street Army Prison, where they were guarded by the Provincial Guard Battalion. Until November 3, when Li Zongren, acting president of the Kuomintang government, arrived in Kunming, the underground party mobilized local upper-level figures Li Genyuan and Zhou Zhongyue to ask Li to release the innocent people arrested during the "Nine-Nine Purges". Lu Han took advantage of the conflict between Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren , reported to Li Zongren: "Among the detainees in the 1999 Purge, some are social sages, some are ordinary workers and young students, they were arrested innocently, and they should be released leniently, so as to calm people's hearts." He generously agreed, and on November 15th he telegraphed Lu Han to "treat him with leniency as appropriate."Lu Han immediately ordered the Military Judiciary Department: "According to President Li's order, all arrested persons will be released without sufficient evidence of their crimes, and they will all be released. The report will be completed on the same day." On November 28, all arrested persons will be released. When Yang Qingtian was released, Lu Han entrusted Wu Shaomo to inform Yang Qingtian that Lu Han was determined to revolt and asked Yang Qingtian to try to contact the CCP.At the same time, the party organization sent Feng Jingxing to Kunming to contact Song Yihen from "Bian Zong", and Song told Feng: Lu Han was preparing to revolt.Chen Shengnian, secretary of the municipal party committee, and Lai Weimin, deputy secretary, researched and kept absolutely confidential about Lu Han's determination to revolt, and did not pass it on to the public for the time being. It was decided that Yang Qingtian would inform Lu Han that he was welcome to revolt, but the timing of the rebellion awaits our superiors to ask for instructions.The Municipal Party Committee reported again to the Border Area Party Committee and Zheng Boke, and decided that Li Yufeng, a member of the Border Area Party Committee, would report to the South China Branch in early December. After the "Nine-Nine Purges" incident, besides the 26th Army of Yu Chengwan stationed in southern Yunnan, the 8th Army of Li Mi entered the eastern part of Yunnan from the border of Sichuan and Guizhou, and the 89th Army of Liu Bolong entered the eastern part of Yunnan from the border of Guizhou and Guangxi. Five regiments of gendarmes retreated from the south of the Yangtze River in the eastern Yunnan region, and Lu Han belonged to the local troops; they also drew up an "anti-communist plan" and stationed on the front line east of Kunming, claiming to be equipped with the second line of defense of the Eighth Army. Lu Han has also sent his family members to Hong Kong to prepare for his retreat.Kunming has become a transit point for the Chiang Kai-shek Group to relocate to Taiwan and Hainan by air.Chiang Kai-shek flew to Chongqing again from Taiwan in mid-November, and personally urged the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, the Army Headquarters and other heads to relocate to Kunming, and asked Lu Han to lead the government to move to western Yunnan. Several situations: First, the Chiang Kai-shek clique controlled Kunming, and Lu Han was held hostage or forced to move to western Yunnan; The second is that Jiang Jun was wiped out or fled outside Kunming, and Lu Han was forced to leave Kunming. Jiang Te wreaked havoc on Kunming when he fled; The third is that Lu Han, with the military support of the Southward Field Army and the "Bian Zong", and the support of the people of the city organized by the Kunming underground party, seized the opportunity to resolutely revolt and succeeded. We should be based on the complex and severe situation, rely on the leadership of the party and organize the strength of the masses, and be fully prepared to deal with unexpected events.The Municipal Party Committee requires all fronts, underground parties and peripheral organizations in all departments to do a good job. Chongqing was liberated on November 30, the people of Kunming looked forward to the early liberation, and the Kuomintang enemy agents were terrified.Lu Han established the Kunming Garrison Headquarters to impose a curfew, and the situation changed drastically.The municipal party committee notified the two prefectural committees in western Yunnan and Zhu Jiabi, the deputy commander of the "Bian Zong" who had led the troops westward to western Yunnan, that they would not stop the Lu Han troops from moving eastward to Kunming, and prevented Xikang and Jiang's troops from entering Yunnan. On December 7, Zhou Tiren was entrusted by Lu Han to report to Ye Jianying of the South China Branch that Lu Han would revolt before the 20th and asked for support from the People's Liberation Army.The Party Central Committee made a request to Lu Han: "The uprising troops were reorganized into the People's Liberation Army according to the eight chapters of the contract, and the local government agencies were taken over in an orderly manner; Generals; disband local bullies and miscellaneous armed forces in various places, and will not be incorporated, etc." On December 7, Zhang Qun went to Kunming under the order of Chiang Kai-shek, and forced Lu Han to let the Ministry of National Defense and other agencies move to Kunming, and the provincial government and appeasement office to move to western Yunnan. Lu Han raised various difficulties and said that it was difficult to do so.Zhang Qun was ordered to fly to Chengdu to meet Jiang with three army commanders, Longzehui, Li Mi, and Yu Chengwan, on the 8th.The situation is very urgent. If Jiang's plan is realized, the Lu Han uprising may die prematurely. On December 9, Zhang Qun, Long Zehui, Li Mi, and Yu Chengwan returned to Kunming again. Lu Han took the opportunity to put Zhang Qun under house arrest. Using Zhang Qun's reputation, he summoned the main military and secret service leader of the Chiang Kai-shek clique in Kunming. Mi, Yu Chengwan, Li Chufan (Deputy Commander of the Gendarmerie), Tong Hecen (Chief of Staff of the Gendarmerie Command), Shen Yanshi (Deputy Commander of the 5th Military Region of the Air Force), Shi Butian (Commander of the 193rd Division of the 26th Army), Shen Zui (Secretary Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense) Dian station station manager) held a meeting and all of them were detained that night.Take control of the urban area and the airport, and electrify the uprising. On December 11, Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De replied to Lu Han, praising Lu Han's uprising for "accelerating the process of the Southwest Liberation War, which will be welcomed by the people of the whole country."Instruct Lu Han to accept the command of Liu and Deng in the second field, prepare to meet the People's Liberation Army in Yunnan, implement the "Eight Chapters of the Agreement", Liu and Deng's "Four Calls", suppress rebellion in Sute, and establish contact with the Yunnan People's Armed Forces.Lu Han replied by telegram expressing his full acceptance and earnest implementation.Lu Han led his troops to revolt in Kunming, which disrupted Chiang Kai-shek's deployment, and suffered a crazy counterattack from the Kuomintang army, and the battle to defend Kunming began. At the same time, the American aggressors are also planning how to lure Lu Han into taking the bait.Lu Dejin, the U.S. consul in Kunming, told Lu Han: "As long as Mr. Lu continues to oppose the Communist Party, the U.S. can provide 1 million U.S. dollars in funding, weapons, and ammunition every month, and the logistics supply will also be replenished by U.S. planes." Soon, Lu Dejin brought a group of reporters to meet Lu Han, nonsense, "As long as Mr. Lu Han is firmly anti-communist, he can declare independence and establish a separate government. Funds, weapons, and ammunition are all supplied by the United States."Continue to engage in activities to seduce and encourage Lu Han to oppose the Communist Party. In such a complicated situation, Lu Han was both awed by Chiang Kai-shek's power and worried that the Communist Party would not forgive his past, so his thoughts repeated.Is it an uprising?When is the uprising?Indecision, delay in making a decision. According to the changes in this situation, the underground party organization of the CCP in Yunnan instructed the CCP members in the provincial council, together with democrats, to visit Lu Han’s home from time to time to discuss the current situation, wait for the opportunity to publicize the situation and the party’s policies, and dispel Lu’s doubts in his mind. Let some veterans who protect the country of 1911 talk to Lu Han and encourage him to continue on the road of patriotism and love for his hometown. The underground party also used various channels to convey the call of the Party Central Committee, the declaration and announcement of the People's Liberation Army, and the leaders of the Second Field Army Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping. Instructions, etc., were sent to Lu Han and the key officials around him, so that they could directly understand the principles and policies of the CCP and the People's Liberation Army led by the Communist Party of China, strengthen their beliefs, and clarify their direction. In order to help Yunnan do a good job in fighting for Lu Han, the Party Central Committee specially sent Zhou Tiren, the commander of the former Beiping garrison area who participated in Fu Zuoyi's uprising in Beiping, back to Yunnan to do the work of fighting for Lu Han.Zhou Tiren is from Jinggu County, Yunnan Province, Dai nationality, and has a good relationship with Long Zehui, the commander of the 93rd Army.Zhou accepted the instructions of Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Ye Jianying and other leaders in Beiping. In September, he pretended to be disarmed and returned to the field. He went to Kunming via Tianjin, Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Opinion.He also said that both Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and Chief of the General Staff Ye Jianying had attended martial arts lectures in Yunnan before, and they were very concerned about Yunnan, so they specially asked me to convey this to you and introduce the history of the Peking Uprising.Long Zehui introduced Zhou Tiren to Lu Han, and the three discussed the uprising in secret many times.Lu Han said excitedly: "It is said that General Zuoyi has a higher status than me and has more soldiers than me. Even if he relies on the Communist Party, why do I, Lu Han, still work for Lao Jiang?" Lu Han, who was hesitant for a while, re-established his determination to choose the path of light. Just as the People's Liberation Army marched victoriously to the south of the Yangtze River, South China, and Southwest China, and the remnants of Chiang's army collapsed, Chiang Kai-shek and his cronies chanted the cliché that the Third World War was about to break out.They fantasize about a comeback when the war breaks out.But Lu Han believes that the three major wars will not break out for a while, and the Communist Party will definitely attack.Now the torrent of revolution is unstoppable, and the liberation of the whole country is a foregone conclusion.He said that he could no longer be Chiang Kai-shek's funeral object, and he could no longer be a national sinner. Measures should be taken to gradually get rid of the control of the Chiang gang, prepare for an uprising, and welcome the liberation of the whole country.He analyzed the difficulties in Yunnan at that time. The 26th Army of the Kuomintang’s direct line was stationed in Anning, Yiliang and Mengzi; Pay attention and things will go wrong.Therefore, he had to wait a while to seize the opportunity.He repeatedly told Long Zehui to keep secrets and be very cautious in employing personnel, and asked Long Zehui to try to get in touch with the Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou frontier columns of the People's Liberation Army. Long Zehui quickly got in touch with Zhu Jiabi, the deputy commander of the Bianzong, through Wu Shutong, a classmate in middle school who had abandoned military to do business.Lu Han heard that Bian Zong was short of guns and ammunition, so he sent Long Zehui to try to send some over.Through Zhu Jiabi's uncle Zhu Xu, Long Zehui agreed with Zhu Jiabi to meet at Mopan Temple in Yangjie, Xundian County, where they handed over weapons and ammunition. In late May 1949, Longzehuipo claimed to go to Yanglin Airport to inspect the security regiment stationed there, and transported weapons to the security regiment for storage by truck.The next day, Long Zehui and Zhu Jiabi met at Mopan Temple on Yangjie.Long and Zhu were classmates of the 8th Phase of the so-called Whampoa Central Military Academy of the Kuomintang. They used to have a good relationship, but later they parted ways due to different beliefs. They met today and were very affectionate.Long said, Lao Zhu, you have worked hard for the country and the people. How can we cooperate to eliminate the 26th Army? I hope you can help.Zhu said that the liberation of Yunnan is a matter for all of us. I hope that Chairman Lu and you will be firm in your determination, and let us work together!Then the two sides exchanged opinions on how to cooperate and jointly deal with the Kuomintang Central Army.In the dead of night, when the chickens were crowing, the Bianzong guerrillas disguised themselves as security regiments and unknowingly went to the camp of the security regiments to transport away the first batch of weapons that Lu Han supported Bianzong, including more than 500 rifles, More than 30 light machine guns and several boxes of bullets.On the third day, Long Zehui drove back to Kunming with joy. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Long Yihui and asked, "Why are the guerrillas in Yunnan so rampant? Who are the leaders?" Angry, he got up and stood on the ground, and the dark clouds rolled.Because both of them graduated from the eighth class of Whampoa, they are naturally the students of President Jiang.Now that he hears that a student betrayed him, how can he not make him angry?It didn't matter to him himself, but Long Zehui was so frightened that he hurriedly persuaded him: "Principal, don't worry, they are mainly deceived by others, and they follow around nonsense, so they can't make much of a difference."Still angry, Chiang Kai-shek interrupted Long and said, "Can't achieve success? What did Chairman Lu do? He didn't take decisive action?" Long Zehui replied boldly, "Report to the principal, we are short of troops." "Insufficient troops, this is easy to handle."Chiang Kai-shek said, go back and tell Lu Han to restore the two armies you lost in the northeast.Chiang Kai-shek appointed Long Zehui as the commander of the rebuilt 93rd Army in person.However, he hated the 60th Army's uprising in Changchun and admired the 74th Division that was wiped out in Menglianggu, Shandong. In order to make the uprising foolproof, Lu Han invited Zhu Yichen, who knew Zhou Enlai, from Hong Kong, and he went to Peiping to meet Zhou Enlai and ask for instructions on the uprising. In August, Song returned to Kunming to convey the instructions of Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other CCP leaders, saying that the central leadership spoke highly of Yunnan's preparation for an uprising, but the time for the uprising should be discussed with the CCP, and the time should not be too early, especially when the People's Liberation Army cannot provide direct support. , Don't act rashly, so as not to corrupt the place.Zhou Silai's instructions pointed out the direction for the Luhan Uprising, especially in terms of timing, we must grasp the moment when the liberation army is approaching Yunnan. In order to unite the local forces in Chuankang to jointly deal with the Kuomintang Central Committee, Lu Han sent representatives to Chuankang to contact.Liu Wenhui, Chairman of Xikang Province, Deng Xihou, Director of Sichuan Kangxi Appeasement, and Pan Wenhua, Commander of the Sichuan-Shanxi Border Region, all expressed their willingness to go hand in hand with Yunnan. While Lu Han was making various preparations in secret, in August, Long Yun suddenly made a statement to the press in Hong Kong, announcing that Yunnan was preparing for an uprising against Chiang.This sudden news shocked Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren, as well as Lu Han.Acting President Li Zongren attempted to use the Guangxi faction to enter Yunnan and reorganize the Lu Han government by force; while Chiang Kai-shek worried that the Guangxi faction entering Yunnan would repel the Jiang faction, and did not want the Guangxi faction to enter Yunnan; It is not difficult to make a speech, but it has brought us trouble. This kind of messing around has aroused Chiang Kai-shek's suspicion.After thinking about it, Zhang Qun was asked to say good things to Chiang Kai-shek to dispel Chiang's suspicion.Jiang believed Zhang Qun's words and forbade Li Zongren to reorganize the Lu Han government, but sent his cronies, Xiao Yisu, the deputy chief of staff of the Ministry of National Defense, to Kunming to inspect, held a military meeting, and decided that Lu Han's security regiment should cooperate with the Central Army to suppress the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou frontier columns. .After the meeting, Lu Han asked Long Zehui to report the news to Zhu Jiabi quickly to make contingency preparations. On the same day, Longzehui asked Zhu Xu to contact Zhu Jiabi first.The next day, he drove to Yiliang in the name of inspecting the first security regiment, and stayed overnight in the security regiment.At dawn on the third day, Long Zehui drove to Lunan, and met with border leaders Zhu Jiabi, Zheng Dun, Zhang Zizhai, Sun Kang, He Xianlong and others in Sanjia Village near Shilin to discuss strategies to defeat the enemy.In the end, it was agreed that Zhu Jiabi would lead the main force of the frontier to move to the west of Yunnan, and the Guishan base area would be immediately fortified and cleared, so that the security regiment would bluff and carry out a large-scale "suppression" in order to deceive Chiang Kai-shek's eyes, and Lu Han would be able to do business. It is said that "eliminating" the frontier is more or less, and the campaign has won a "total victory" and so on.It can be said that Lu Han at this time was already "in Cao Ying and his heart in Han". For the entire year of 1949, every day was difficult and painful for the Kuomintang ruling group.Just talking about the second front composed of underground parties, democrats, and patriotic students in the Kuomintang-controlled area has given the Kuomintang ruling group a headache, not to mention the fact that our People's Liberation Army has fought in Liaoshen, Pingjin, and Huaihai from the end of last year to the beginning of this year. The three major battles wiped out more than 1.6 million elite Kuomintang troops.This series of fatal blows made the entire Kuomintang rule precarious. People all over the country know that the Kuomintang rule is like a rabbit's tail—it cannot grow.Especially since the victory of the Battle of Crossing the River in April, Nanjing has been liberated.The People's Liberation Army has grown to more than 4 million people, the August 1st Army flag has been planted all over most of China, the Kuomintang army is in retreat, and the "Blue Sky White Sun Flag" is weeping in the cold wind.Autumn, for the victors, is a season of harvest and joy, but for the reactionaries, it is the sorrow of depression and decline. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was in a dark room, closing his eyes and meditating: the United States’ desire to send troops had failed, and the negotiation with the CCP had broken down. Do everything possible to keep this last anti-communist base on the mainland, waiting for the outbreak of World War III.So he set up a "Hongmen Banquet" in Chongqing to explore the reality of Lu Han, the chairman of Yunnan Province.This happened on September 7, 1949. Under the leadership of Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, the People's Liberation Army is invincible and invincible.After the victory of the People's Liberation Army's battle across the river, the main remnants of the Kuomintang were the two groups of Bai Chongxi and Yu Hanmou. They were mainly entrenched in Hunan and Guangdong provinces.According to Chairman Mao's operational policy and overall operational deployment of large detours, large encirclement, cutting off their retreat, completing the encirclement first and then gathering and annihilating, from July onwards, the main force of the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army launched an offensive against the Bai Chongxi Group. On August 4, Chen Mingren, Chairman of Hunan Province and Commander of the First Corps of the Kuomintang, announced an uprising, and Changsha was liberated peacefully. The Battle of Hengbao was launched on September 10, and Bai Chongxi fled to Guangxi.The 4th Corps of the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the 15th Corps of the Four Fields went south, liberating Guangzhou on October 14, Guilin on October 22, and Nanning on December 4. From November 1st, the three major armies of the Four Fields, the Second Field, and the First Field launched the Great Southwest Encirclement and Annihilation War.As early as the turn of summer and autumn, the main forces of the two fields secretly assembled in western Hunan.At this time, part of the Fifth Corps and the Third Corps entered Guizhou from western Hunan. Guiyang was liberated in November, Guilin was liberated on November 22, and Chongqing was liberated on November 30.Then one detoured around the front line of Leshan and Qionglai, cutting off Hu Zongnan's retreat to Xikang, and the other marched into Chengdu.At the same time, Hu Zongnan and the hundreds of thousands of remnants under his command were compressed in the Chengdu Plain, becoming "the turtle in the urn".Under heavy siege and political offensive, the Kuomintang officers and soldiers were desperate and surrendered or revolted one after another.The People's Liberation Army's offensive speed was as fast as lightning. In less than half a year, thousands of miles of frontlines in Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Sichuan were flying with battle flags and thousands of horses galloping.The military power that Chiang Kai-shek relied on collapsed, and Yunnan fell into isolation. With the development of the war situation, under the powerful offensive of the People's Liberation Army, the whole country has been basically liberated.The Yunnan-Guizhou-Guizhou border column of the PLA controlled most of Yunnan and the main lines of communication.The 26th Army and the 8th Army of the Kuomintang were also surrounded by the border.In the vast rural areas of the province, the people's revolutionary sentiments were extremely high, singing everywhere, "Peach blossoms, plum blossoms, peaches and plums bloom, millions of troops cross the river, yo! Liberate the people of the whole country".But Chiang Kai-shek desperately wanted to keep Yunnan, the last anti-communist base on the mainland, so that he could make a dying struggle on the mainland. In order to strengthen the deployment and defense of Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek often traveled between Chongqing and Taiwan. 1949年9月初，蒋又赶到重庆，打电报邀请卢汉赴渝。卢汉派民政厅长杨文清和省府秘书长朱景喧代表前去。但是蒋仍以国家安危为理由，务必要卢汉抱病前去。这时，余程万的二十六军已由开远向昆明方向移动，李弥的第八军也向昆明开来。卢汉为形势所迫，于1949年9月7日决定前往重庆。为了保全实力，卢汉决定委曲求全，冒险赴渝，并与家中人商定，到重庆后每日通电一次，单日署名落“卢”，双日署名落“汉”，见有署名为“卢汉”的便是假电，可即日通电起义。 蒋介石认为，不管卢汉出于什么动机，对他的心理战是十分重要的。而卢汉却报着既来之，则安之的态度，于是在交谈中便与蒋介石讨价还价起来。经过几次长谈，双方终于达成协议：卢汉同意国民党特务在昆明“整肃”，蒋同意云南保安团扩编为两个正规军，发8000两黄金作为军费。目的达到，卢汉及时向昆明发“卢”的电报，告知这一情况。 卢汉回昆后，特务头子徐远举于9月9日下午，率领沈醉及特务几十人逮捕数百人，并强求卢汉签字立即枪决200人，企图借卢汉之手来屠杀共产党人和社会贤达，拉卢汉上他们的贼船，达到嫁祸于人的目的。卢汉利用蒋介石与李宗仁的矛盾，以李宗仁同意为由，对所有“整肃”的人员，均以罪证不足，一律给予释放。这样，所谓的“九·九整肃”就告一段落。 云南何去何从？经地下党的工作，在卢汉心中早有打算。旱在1949年4月，解放军横渡长江、解放南京、人心沸腾时，卢汉就曾对龙泽汇说：“如今革命洪流，势不可挡，全国解放，也成定局，我们不能再做蒋介石的殉葬晶，不能做民族罪人，要采取措施，逐步摆脱蒋介石的控制，准备起义，迎接解放，前途是光明的。”9月，北平起义将领周体仁悄然到昆，转达了朱总司令和叶剑英总参谋长的意思，并介绍北平起义经过，和卢汉商谈起义之事。11月，卢汉派周体仁去广州谒见叶剑英，请予指示。另外，他还通过各种途径，与中共方面庄田，朱家璧领导的人民解放军滇桂黔边区纵队建立联系。 这一切表明，卢汉本人早有起义动机，只是时机尚未成熟。云南只有起义，才是出路，才不至于成为蒋家王朝的殉葬品，这是当时云南人民的共识。 1949年11月，广西、贵州和四川重庆相继解放，蒋介石残余势力向云南方向溃逃，人民解放大军对云南巳形成三面包围的态势。在云南境内，滇桂黔边纵队巳发展到三万多人，解放了大批县城，从城市到乡村，从平坝到山区，人民群众要求解放的呼声，日趋高涨，不可遏阻。面对如此形势，任何人若不顺应历史潮流，作出合乎民意的明智选择，都将难逃灭顶之灾。卢汉将军及其周围人员认识到这种形势，决心作出历史的选择，走和平起义的道路，同时也认识到条件要靠自己创造，时机要由自己去寻找，若再犹豫迟延，错过机会，必将抱恨终生。 为准备起义，迎接解放，卢汉潜心思索，多方部署，特别在武力准备方面，他费尽心血，苦心周旋多年，才将原有四个保安团逐步扩大为十七个团三个旅，最后变为两个军，由自己总揽了全省党政军财文大权，为起义奠定基础。但蒋介石也不是寻常之辈，素以阴险狡诈闻名于世，不会轻易让卢汉的计谋得手。所以，到1949年秋冬之际，卢蒋之间一场起义与反起义的斗争，若明若暗，时紧时松，越演越烈。最后是卢汉在中国共产党帮助下高举义旗，挫败蒋帮，春雷一声震天响，宣布云南和平解放。