Chapter 29 Second, build artillery

To fight big battles and attack fortifications, you must have powerful firepower to destroy enemy fortifications and clusters from a long distance, and you must have your own artillery. When our army entered the Northeast from the pass, not to mention that there was no artillery, and there were not many light weapons.Because I heard that the Japanese and puppet troops left a large number of weapons to receive, many of our teams marched lightly in order to enter the Northeast as soon as possible.However, just over a year later, during the "three trips to the south of the Yangtze River", we had regiment-based artillery participating in the battle.

After our army entered the Northeast, it had received a small number of light weapons and seized a large number of light weapons in combat, but not many heavy weapons.There used to be a misunderstanding that the Soviet army left some weapons to us when they withdrew from the Northeast.Regarding this statement, General Liu Yalou, who once served as the chief of staff of the Fourth Field Army, said a very important sentence in a speech on December 13, 1962 on the compilation of the Fourth Field Army’s military history: Most people always think that the Soviet army left a lot of weapons to Shino, which is a misunderstanding.Since this battle history is for archiving purposes, this question can be clarified.At that time, not only did they not give us weapons, but they also ate up many of our troops.You can also write that Stalin was taking care of the relationship with the Kuomintang at that time.There is another important question: At that time, we suggested to the central government to ask the Soviet army for some weapons in the name of the central government.Chairman Mao immediately telegraphed that the Chinese revolution mainly relies on China's own strength, and it is forbidden to ask them for things in the name of the central government.I have personally read this telegram and want to check it out.Later, in the name of Shino, they exchanged food with them for some weapons, and used Red Army tickets to buy gold in Dalian and bought some weapons.Comrade North Korea is good, sell us some weapons.At that time, I went to North Korea twice for negotiations, and Comrade Zhu Rui went with me once.

The artillery team of our Northeast Democratic Coalition Army was established by ourselves from scratch and hard work.In order to prepare for the big counter-offensive, the newly established artillery unit took on more arduous and arduous tasks. When it comes to artillery in the Northeast, we cannot help but cherish the memory of Zhu Rui, the founder and leader of our army's artillery. It was not easy for Zhu Rui and his comrades to create artillery from scratch.When they entered Shenyang, when he negotiated with Soviet commander Malinovsky to receive the artillery left by the Japanese army in proficient Russian, he was rejected.Under such circumstances, Zhu Rui led all the comrades of the Artillery School to scatter in various places in the mountains, forests and snowy fields to collect sporadic collections, no matter if they were complete, incomplete, tattered or not assembled, everything that might be useful was collected. want.With the support of various troops, a lot of things were finally found, and all of them were concentrated in Tonghua, South Manchuria. The Artillery School officially opened in Tonghua, and later moved to Mudanjiang, North Manchuria, and started the hard work of Northeast Artillery.At that time, the policy of the Artillery School was to "distribute cadres, collect supplies, and establish a family business." Its main task was still to do everything possible to find artillery.As long as there is a clue, even if it is a forest sea and snow field with minus 40 degrees Celsius, you have to try your luck.For example, under the ice of Jingbo Lake, three cannons were dug out.

In order to speed up the construction of artillery in Northeast China, Lin Biao asked Zhu Rui to draft the "Paozi No. All troops that reached the Northeast under the name.The order conveyed Mao Zedong's important statement that "without artillery, there is no victory" and Zhu De said that "artillery is the backbone of the army", and then emphatically pointed out: Our party's army building and combat guidance are now in the transition towards regularization and regular warfare.One of the basic and most important facilities marking this transformation was artillery.Forming a certain amount of artillery and making it work correctly with infantry and other arms will not only change the organizational structure of our army, but also change our operational and tactical forms, and thus fundamentally change the guiding principles of our army's operations (from guerrilla warfare, mobile warfare to regular warfare, positional warfare).Firmly and clearly grasping this transformation is the key to the success of our army on the road to army building.

On October 9, 1946, the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army Headquarters issued the "Paozi No. 2 Order", appointing Zhu Rui as the artillery commander, Qiu Chuang as the political commissar, Jia Tao as the deputy commander, and Kuang Yumin as the deputy commander Also the chief of staff, since then there has been a unified artillery leadership and command system in the Northeast. Through various efforts, by February 1947, our Northeast Democratic Alliance Army finally had more than 700 artillery pieces, 65 tanks and tractors, and trained a group of professionals. From only 5 artillery companies in 1945, it has grown to With 100 artillery companies and 60 infantry mortar companies, there is also a gun factory. In March 1947, the first artillery meeting of our army in Northeast China was held in Shuangcheng, and the gains and losses in the first time our artillery was pulled out to participate in the "three trips to the south of the Yangtze River" were carefully summarized.By this time, the first modernized artillery unit of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army (also the first large-scale artillery unit in the entire revolutionary army led by our party) was finally initially established.

After the first artillery meeting, the Northeast Artillery has developed faster based on the principle of "widespread development and appropriate centralized reorganization and use".This is partly due to the general attention of the various units. The number of backbones trained by the artillery school and the backbone trained by each unit is increasing day by day (according to the spirit of the Artillery Conference, each unit also intentionally collected and transformed many artillery talents among the captives for my use. ); on the other hand, due to the increase of our army's arsenal, the artillery repaired and the ammunition produced have increased substantially, and various artillery units have been equipped one after another.Therefore, when the decisive battle began, our Northeast Field Army not only had its own artillery company for each regiment, but also each column had its own artillery regiment, and the field army also had artillery columns.In this artillery team, there are not only mountain guns, howitzers, field guns, cannons, anti-aircraft guns, mortars, but also tanks and chariots.In this way, it provides powerful fire support for our army's large corps to attack fortified operations.