Chapter 20 4. Establish a base

In order to adapt to the new situation, according to the instructions of the Central Committee to "quickly divide the military regions and military sub-regions in West Manchuria, East Manchuria, and North Manchuria, and divide the army into field troops and local troops", in order to facilitate "dispersion and resettlement", and in order to control the various troops Since entering the customs, the situation of relatively chaotic organization and designation has been reorganized. The Northeast Bureau first reorganized the troops. On January 4, 1946, with the approval of the Central Military Commission, the Northeast People's Autonomous Army was renamed the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army.Commander-in-Chief Lin Biao, Deputy Commanders-in-Chief Lu Zhengcao, Zhou Baozhong, Xiao Jinguang, First Political Commissar Peng Zhen, Second Political Commissar Luo Ronghuan, First Chief of Staff Xiao Jinguang (concurrently), Second Chief of Staff Wu Xiuquan, Director of the Political Department Chen Zhengren, Director of the General Logistics Department Ye Jizhuang , Political Commissar Yang Zhicheng.At this time, the total strength of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army had reached 270,000.For combat needs, the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army was divided into a front headquarters (referred to as the front headquarters) and a rear headquarters (referred to as the rear headquarters).

Under the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, four major military regions were established: Gao Gang, commander of the North Manchuria Military Region (also known as the Jihei Military Region), Chen Yun, political commissar, and Li Tianyou, chief of staff.Under the Northern Manchurian Military Region, five military regions were set up, namely Hejiang, Mudanjiang, Songjiang, Nenjiang, and Longjiang Military Regions.The troops directly under the military region are the Seventh Division (co-organized by the Seventh and Eighth Divisions from Shandong and the Nineteenth Brigade from Jireliao), the division commander Yang Guofu, and the political commissar Liu Qiren.

Lu Zhengcao, commander of the Ximan Military Region (also known as the Liaore Military Region), and political commissars Li Fuchun and Huang Kecheng (soon to be commanders).Under the Ximan Military Region, there are two more military regions, namely Liaoxi and Nennan Military Regions.The troops directly under the military region are the Third Division (formerly the Third Division of the New Fourth Army), the division commander and political commissar Huang Kecheng (concurrently), and the deputy division commanders Liu Zhen and Hong Xuezhi. Cheng Shicai, commander of the Southern Manchurian Military Region (also known as the Liaodong Military Region), political commissars Xiao Hua and Jiang Hua, deputy commanders Luo Shunchu and Zeng Kelin, deputy political commissars Mo Wenhua and Tang Kai, chief of staff Luo Shunchu (concurrently).The Anton Military Region was established under the South Manchurian Military Region.The troops directly under the military region are the Three Columns and the Four Columns. The Three Columns (consisting of the Third Division from Shandong and three other brigades) commander Cheng Shicai (concurrently), political commissar Luo Shunchu (concurrently); the Four Columns (the Sixth Division from Shandong Formed with the Fifth Division, initially called the Second Column and the Three Columns, and soon they were combined into the Four Columns) Commander Wu Kehua, political commissar Peng Jiaying, deputy commanders Hu Qicai and Han Xianchu.

Dongman Military Region (also known as Jiliao Military Region) Commander Zhou Baozhong, Political Commissar Lin Feng, Deputy Commander Chen Guang, Deputy Political Commissar Zhang Qilong, Chief of Staff Chen Guang (concurrently).Under the Dongman Military Region, there are three more military regions, namely Tonghua, Jidong, and Liaobei Military Regions.The troops directly under the military region are the Seventh Column and the Jihei Column, the commander of the Seventh Column (adapted from the Northeast Advance Column from Shandong) Wan Yi, and the political commissar Zhou Chiping; the commander of the Jihei Column Cao Lihuai, and the political commissar Guo Feng.

The troops directly under the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army are the first division of which Liang Xingchu, who came from Shandong, served as the commander and Liang Biye served as the political commissar.In addition, under the headquarters are the artillery brigade with Jia Tao as the brigade commander, and three military schools (Military and Political University, Aviation School, and Artillery School). Under the arrangement of the various sub-bureaus of the Northeast Bureau and the various military regions, all the troops avoided frontal battles with the enemy and dispersed to the countryside to mobilize the masses, wipe out bandits, punish traitors, and carry out liquidation struggles (to liquidate the crimes of traitors and puppet troops, to recover The land and food occupied by them are distributed to poor peasants), rent and interest are reduced, political power is established, and guerrillas and militias are organized.

On the basis of liquidation struggles, various localities gradually began to distribute pioneer land and Manchu land (that is, the land seized by various pioneer groups organized by the Japanese Ministry of External Affairs and the Puppet Manchukuozhengsi. more than one-third, the highest at about 80%) to farmers. On March 20, 1946, the Northeast Bureau issued the "Instructions on Dealing with Japanese and Puppet Lands", deciding that "all Japanese and puppet real estate, development land, full development land in Northeast China, as well as real estate owned by Japanese and big traitors shall be immediately Allot the land to the landless and landless peasants and the poor.”So the whole territory of Northeast China carried out the field division movement. In May 1946, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Settlement of Rent Reduction and Land Issues".Soon, the "July 7 Resolution" of the Northeast Bureau was communicated to the entire Northeast, and large-scale land reform movements were launched in all areas controlled by our party. As of February 1947, a total of 4 million farmers in the Northeast (excluding South Manchuria) were allocated land. 31.6 million mu, with an average of about 8 mu for each farmer.

On the basis of constantly summarizing the experience and lessons of various places, the Northeast Bureau continued to push the land reform movement further along with the expansion of the liberated areas. In the autumn of 1947, Peng Zhen returned to Xibaipo Village to participate in the National Land Conference held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He brought the "Outline of China's Land Law" back to the Northeast, further checked the bad tendencies in land reform in various places, and corrected some local problems. "left" rectify mistakes and start a production movement on the basis of land reform.The land reform in the liberated areas of Northeast China basically ended in the spring of 1948, and all poor farmers were allocated 7 to 12 mu of land per capita (at that time, Northeast China was still in a period of sparsely populated land, and the common people were still accustomed to extensive planting and low harvest, and in some places they still used crop rotation type of farming, so they occupy more land), and there is one farm animal for every 40-70 mu of land.This stormy movement in the Northeast countryside guaranteed the victory of the Northeast Liberation War.As Comrade Chen Yun said later:

Because of the land reform in the Northeast and the turning of the poor peasants, our party can gain a firm foothold in the Northeast and take root. Only then can our troops have such a sufficient source of soldiers and sufficient food and grass to compete with the American-style Kuomintang army. Suppressing bandits is another important task in the Northeast countryside.The Northeast has always been famous for its large number of bandits. In the past, the bandits were mainly "beards" who occupied mountains as kings and robbed houses. Today's bandits are the Puppet Manchukuo military police, landlord bullies and beards who are contacted by the Kuomintang. political bandits.According to statistics, the bandits in Northeast China at that time were divided into 16 systems, all of which belonged to political bandits. Among them, there were 32 "commander-in-chief" and "commander-in-chief" appointed by the Kuomintang in various names, 33 "army commanders", and "division commanders". "158.Taking advantage of the surrender of the Japanese army, the fact that the Soviet army was only in big cities, and our army had just arrived in the Northeast and was unfamiliar with the environment, they developed aggressively and did whatever they wanted. Not only did they kill our army and party cadres, they even dared to kill a whole platoon of Soviet troops.Zhang Wentian, a member of our Northeast Bureau, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Fang Qiang, the newly appointed commander of the Hejiang Military Region of our party, were escorted by the Soviet army in December 1945. On the way from Mudanjiang to Jiamusi by car, they were ambushed by bandits and almost died. .

Our Northeast Army devoted one-third of its troops to suppressing bandits, and pursued and suppressed them with a combination of methods of chasing, blocking, and stationing in an effort to eradicate them. In June 1946, the Northeast Bureau specially issued the "Instructions on Bandit Suppression Work" and made new deployments. The bandit suppression work in the Northeast was under the unified command of the Democratic Alliance Army Headquarters, with a focus on northern Manchuria.The deeds of the famous reconnaissance hero Yang Zirong capturing the "Mountain Eagle" alive happened in North Manchuria.

From the end of 1945 to the spring of 1947, our army fought more than 1,300 bandits from all walks of life, wiped out more than 79,000 bandits, and seized more than 50,000 guns of various types, which relieved our army from worrying about the future in the northeastern countryside.