Chapter 19 3. Difficult times

This period was the most difficult period for our party in the Northeast. Due to Japan's long-term brutal rule in the Northeast, our party's original organization in the Northeast has basically been destroyed. Now we have to start from scratch, and it is impossible to complete it in a short period of time.Without a party organization, without our own political power, it is difficult to have a real mass base, and we have entered 100,000 troops at the fastest speed in a short period of time, which makes the troops entering the Northeast lose their support, just like Huang Kecheng In the telegram to the Central Committee, it said: "Now we are in a difficult situation with no party, no masses, no political power, no food, no funds, no medicine, no clothes, shoes and socks, and the morale of the troops has been greatly affected."

The reason for this situation has a lot to do with Zeng Kelin's report to the Politburo in Yan'an in September.Over the years, the Central Committee of our party has not known much about the specific situation in the Northeast, and it can be said that it knows nothing about the specific situation in the Northeast after the surrender of the Japanese invaders and the entry of the Soviet army into the Northeast.Zeng Kelin was the first party cadre from the Northeast at that time, and his report would of course have a great influence on the decision-making of the central government.Due to the specific historical background of the Soviet Army’s arrival in Northeast China, and because Zeng Kelin was the first party cadre to enter Shenyang from the Liberated Area (he went directly to Shenyang by train from Shanhaiguan with the Soviet Army, and had no experience of the basic situation at all), it was After 14 years of colonial rule, the people of the Northeast saw the first military officer who went from the inland, and he was supported by the Soviet army. Therefore, he was warmly welcomed by the people in Shenyang, and the few troops he brought quickly Expansion (he only brought four companies of troops into Shenyang, expanded to 4,000 in a week, and incorporated more than 10,000 security forces), he successfully became the commander of the Shenyang garrison, and easily received weapons supplies.In the midst of this extreme excitement, Zeng Kelin flew directly to Yan'an with the representatives of the Soviet Army, and immediately reported the situation at the Politburo meeting. It can be said that he was excited and excited.In this special background and atmosphere, when Zeng Kelin reported to the central government, he said a little too much about the good things he saw, such as supplies and weapons piled up everywhere, and people who did not buy tickets You can freely enter the Northeast by train, and it is very easy to expand the army. You can become the commander of the garrison or the mayor if you go to the people.He didn't lie at all, but he was indeed showing his face with a point.Since our party had planned to control the Northeast as soon as possible, now that there is a power vacuum, the people are so welcoming, and weapons and supplies are so abundant, of course we should seize the opportunity and advance at full speed.Therefore, the central government made a decision to let the 100,000 troops advance lightly and occupy the Northeast as soon as possible.

Another situation is that the Soviet army is about to withdraw (the original plan was to complete the withdrawal at the end of 1945, three months after entering the Northeast. Later, at the request of the Kuomintang government, it was postponed twice, and finally it was completely withdrawn in April 1946. ), the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" announced that the Kuomintang government will take over the Northeast, and the Kuomintang army will soon enter in large numbers. Our army failed to stop the attack of the Kuomintang army on the front line of Shanhaiguan, and our personnel withdrew from major cities at once.After these kinds of news spread in the urban and rural areas of Northeast China, many chaotic phenomena appeared in the society. For example, our newly recruited or expanded troops mutinied or disbanded one after another. Organs and organizations appeared everywhere, lawbreakers took the opportunity to rob, some traitor spies killed our grassroots cadres, even General Li Zhaolin was assassinated by Kuomintang spies in Harbin, Chen Yun, Gao Gang and others were in distress many times.In rural areas and small and medium-sized towns, bandits armed forces continued to increase and ran rampant in the countryside. They even broke into Jiamusi and shot and killed the deputy mayor of the Communist Party of China.

At this time, both Lin Biao and Huang Kecheng were in the countryside east of Jinzhou, guarding against Du Yuming's eastward advance.Du Yuming did not make any major moves, but the severe cold in the northeast brought difficulties that the troops without winter clothes could not resist.They reported the actual situation of the troops to the Northeast Bureau and the Central Committee, and believed that the troops must be sent to the countryside to mobilize the masses, establish political power, eliminate bandits, and train and replenish. At present, they cannot fight the main force of the enemy.Peng Zhen and Luo Ronghuan of the Northeast Bureau originally planned to retake Shenyang and Changchun, but later gave up this idea.Chen Yun of Northern Manchuria also believes that there is no possibility of seizing big cities at present, and the main force must be put on the construction of base areas.

After careful consideration by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong, who was still on sick leave, drafted an instruction to the Northeast Bureau on December 28. This is the famous "Building a Solid Northeast Base Area".The instruction said: Our party's current task in the Northeast is to establish base areas, to establish solid military and political base areas in East Manchuria, North Manchuria, and West Manchuria.Establishing such a base requires hard work.In the case where the Kuomintang has occupied or will occupy the major cities and arteries in the Northeast, such base areas should be established in "cities and vast villages far from the center of Kuomintang occupation", while in guerrilla areas close to the Kuomintang-occupied areas, " Sufficient work should be done to establish the first line of defense in the military, and we must not give up easily."The instructions emphasized that to adapt to the actual situation in the Northeast, there must be a major change in work. "Everyone must make up their minds, engage in the most difficult work, quickly mobilize the masses, and establish base areas." The military divisions will be engaged in mobilizing the masses, eliminating bandits, establishing political power, organizing guerrillas, militias, and self-defense forces in order to stabilize the local area, cooperate with the field army, and smash the attack of the Kuomintang army."

According to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the work in Northeast China has been fully transferred to the struggle to establish and consolidate base areas. It's still a struggle, no less difficult, no less important.It was through this struggle that our party turned from danger to safety in the Northeast, gained a firm foothold, and quickly embarked on the road to victory.