Chapter 18 2. The attitude of the Soviet army is no longer friendly

The loss of the line from Shanhaiguan to Jinzhou shows that it is inappropriate for our army to fight the enemy under the current conditions. The Northeast Bureau must seriously consider the next strategy.What the Northeast Bureau considered more was the attitude of the Soviet Red Army. When the comrades in charge of the Northeast Bureau, such as Peng Zhen and Chen Yun, first arrived in Shenyang, they immediately went to pay a visit to the headquarters of the Soviet Army stationed in Shenyang.At that time, the attitude of the Soviet side was relatively friendly, so our army established the office of the Northeast Bureau in Zhang Zuolin's "Marshal's Mansion" before Shenyang to start work.Li Yunchang's department, which was the first to enter the Northeast, also stayed in Shenyang to help the Northeast Bureau with only leading cadres but no staff at that time.

However, in less than half a month, the Soviet side saw that we were rapidly developing our forces and expanding our army in the Northeast, which was in conflict with their established policy of handing over the Northeast to the Kuomintang government, so their attitude changed. The army withdrew from Shenyang.We made a concession and let Li Yunchang's department withdraw from Shenyang on October 6, and the Northeast Bureau remained.Three days later, on October 9, the reception advance personnel sent by the Kuomintang government arrived in Shenyang. On October 12, Xiong Shihui, director of the Northeast Camp of the Kuomintang, and Jiang Jingguo, the special commissioner of the Kuomintang, also arrived in Shenyang.At that time, the Soviet side softly resisted the plan of the Kuomintang troops to enter the Northeast, which should be said to have helped us.

However, when we fought with the Kuomintang army on the front line of Shanhaiguan, the attitude of the Soviet side changed a lot. On November 10, the Soviet side informed the Northeast Bureau that the Soviet army would withdraw on November 20, and decided to let the Kuomintang troops airborne in major cities in Northeast China five days before the withdrawal, and the Kuomintang government would take over the major cities.We patiently negotiated with the Soviet side, but not only were the negotiations ineffective, the Soviet side also forcibly dissolved the Northeast People's Congress that we were holding.

This change is not due to the Soviet troops stationed in the Northeast, but due to the highest decision of Moscow.In order to promise the "Yalta Agreement" signed with the US and British governments in the past, in order not to offend the US and British governments, and to safeguard the interests in China promised to the Soviet Union by the Kuomintang government, the Soviet government did not want the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to go to war in the Northeast. The Northeast was successfully handed over to the Kuomintang government to take over.Some time ago, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party did not have many conflicts in the Northeast, and the Soviet side was more polite to us.

When Shanhaiguan was fighting, especially the Northeast camp of the Kuomintang government withdrew from Changchun on November 17 (Xiong Shihui’s Northeast camp was not stationed in Shenyang when it first arrived in Northeast China, but was stationed in Changchun), first moved to Shanhaiguan, and then to Jinzhou, Most of them were on standby in Beiping (this was also the end of the Kuomintang government's first "acceptance" of the Northeast, but it was actually a diplomatic card played to increase pressure on the Soviet Union).The Soviet side did not want to cause the United States and Britain to interfere in this matter, so their attitude became more rigid, and they decided to use force to expel all the CCP personnel in Shenyang and Changchun as soon as possible.

Faced with this situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducted serious research.Because Mao Zedong was ill at that time, Liu Shaoqi, on behalf of the Central Committee, clarified the new policy for the work in the Northeast in the telegram: "Quickly withdraw from the city and along the railway line, get out of the way, and occupy the hatchback." From then on, according to the policy of the central government to "get out of the way and occupy the hatchback", the Northeast Bureau had to make new arrangements for the overall work: the Northeast Bureau was withdrawn from Shenyang. Benxi; Gao Gang and Zhang Wentian went to North Manchuria to work with Chen Yun, who was already in the North Manchuria Bureau; Li Fuchun and Lu Zhengcao went to Fushun to preside over the work of the Northeast Bureau West Manchuria Bureau; Tao Zhu and Xiao Hua went to Faku to preside over the work of the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and the Liaoning Provincial Military Region Work.

On November 25, 1945, our Northeast Bureau withdrew from Shenyang.Then, Zhou Baozhong and others from the Jilin Provincial Working Committee withdrew from Changchun and persisted in carrying out work in the countryside; the Northeast Bureau Beimanfen Bureau led by Chen Yun withdrew from Harbin and established a base in Bin County.In addition, people in Jiamusi, Mudanjiang, Qiqihar and other cities have all retreated.Li Zhaolin, the only person in charge of our party in the Northeast, stayed in Harbin in the name of the chairman of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association.Due to his high prestige in the Anti-Japanese War in the past, he can still be active in the city for the time being.

The most typical incident of the unfriendliness of the Soviet army to our army, and one of the most distressing and serious incidents during the Northeast Liberation War, was the murder of Lu Dongsheng.Although this was done by a few people in the Soviet army, it must be remembered.Lu Dongsheng, born in Xiangtan, Hunan, participated in the Tang Shengzhi Department of the Northern Expedition in 1925, participated in the Nanchang Uprising in 1927, and joined the party in the same year. In 1928, he accompanied Zhou Yiqun and He Long from Shanghai to western Hunan and Hubei to open up a revolutionary base area, and was promoted from the company commander of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army to the division commander.During the Long March of the Second and Sixth Army Corps of the Red Army, the Fourth Division of the Second Red Army Corps led by him was the avant-garde of the whole army.After the Anti-Japanese War began, he was first appointed as the brigade commander of the 358th Brigade of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army. Later, he went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment and studied in the special class of the Frunze Military Academy. In 1942, he worked in the International Eighty-eighth Brigade in the Far East. In 1945, he entered the Northeast with the Soviet Red Army and served as the commander of the Songjiang Military Region. On December 14, 1945, when he stopped the illegal behavior of Soviet soldiers on the streets of Harbin, he was shot. He was only 37 years old when he was killed.

With the support of the Soviet army, the Kuomintang government immediately took over the Northeast in an all-round way.In mid-December, Xiong Shihui returned to Changchun with a Northeast battalion, and airlifted the Second Security Corps from Beiping to Changchun; Xu Zhen, the chairman of Liaoning Province he appointed, established a provincial government in Jinzhou; Changchun Mayor Zhao Junmai took over the Changchun municipal government; Dong Wenqi, the mayor of Shenyang, took over the municipal administration of Shenyang; the central bank of the Kuomintang set up branches in major cities and issued circulation notes for nine northeastern provinces.