Chapter 43 4. Formulation of anti-login deployment

On December 20, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an instruction drafted by Mao Zedong to the Volunteer Army Party Committee, requiring "to prepare all necessary conditions, resolutely smash the enemy's landing adventure, and strive for greater victory in the war."The instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China stated: (1) According to various circumstances (Eisenhower came to power, the negotiations were suspended, and the United Nations passed the Indian proposal), it is judged that the enemy has a risky landing attack with about seven divisions from the coastline behind us, especially the Hanchuan River, Qingchuan River, and Yalu River on the west coast. fully possible.

(2) Our Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army have the task of resolutely smashing the enemy's landing attack and striving for greater victory in the war. (3) For this purpose, our army must: A. Do everything possible to greatly strengthen the strong fortifications on the coast and its depth; at the same time strengthen the in-depth defenses on the front of the 38th parallel to match. B. Deploy sufficient troops and firepower on the most threatening coastline and its depth to ensure that the enemy's attack from the sea and the attack of a large number of airborne troops are crushed.In other areas that may be attacked by the enemy's landing (Tongcheon, Wonsan area, Ongjin Peninsula area, Jinnampo, Hancheon River area, and the area east of Hamhung), deploy possible troops and firepower, and use all your strength to fight for it. Crush the enemy's attack.

C. Resolutely and quickly take measures such as adding new railway lines, improving old railway lines (between Manpu stadiums), widening many highway lines, adding warehouses and stations, and transporting and storing large quantities of grain and ammunition materials in advance to ensure that no matter where Under what circumstances, the transportation of the entire army (including the People's Army) on my front and side will be smooth, and there will be no shortage of supplies. D. The armies on our front have achieved great combat results in the past. In 1953, we should strive for even greater achievements and wipe out more enemies.

E. Political work ensures that the commanders and fighters of the entire army have the strong fighting spirit and high morale to smash the enemy's attack and strive for greater victories. Oneself, pay special attention to the preparatory work for the period from now to April 1953, this is the key to defeating the enemy. Geng. Comrade Deng Hua, the acting commander and political commissar, concurrently serves as the commander and political commissar of the West Coast Command, and Comrade Liang Xingchu is the deputy commander of the West Sea Index. The other cadres of the West Sea Index should be strengthened.

(4) For more than two years, our Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army have won great and brilliant victories in the heroic and tenacious battle against U.S. imperialism and its accomplices. difficulties and accumulated a wealth of experience.U.S. imperialism has employed many methods to fight us, and none of them have failed.Now there is one move left to risk landing from behind me, and it wants to use this move to hit us.As long as we can beat it down and make its adventure a failure, its final failure will be determined.The central government firmly believes that our Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army can smash the enemy's adventurous plan.I hope that comrades will be cautious, persevering and calm, mobilize all efforts, buy time, and complete all preparations for the enemy's landing operations. As long as they are ready, victory will be ours.

In order to win the war, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China took the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea as the first task of the country's three major tasks in 1953, and decided to continue to carry out in-depth activities to increase production and save money, adjust domestic economic construction projects, reduce or postpone the construction of a number of projects, and concentrate financial and material resources Guarantee the needs of North Korea's front-line operations, prepare to solve the problem of increased military expenditure due to the expansion of the war, and request the Soviet Union to provide various artillery and shells of different types.

The Central Military Commission and the General Staff also made necessary plans and deployments for the Volunteers' anti-landing operations and domestic defense. In accordance with Mao Zedong's judgment and determination on the development of the future war situation in North Korea, on the afternoon of December 9, Nie Rongzhen, the acting chief of the general staff, summoned Huang Kecheng, the deputy chief of the general staff, Deng Hua, the acting commander of the volunteer army, Teng Daiyuan, the minister of railways and commander of the Railway Corps, and the transportation commander of the Military Commission. Lu Zhengcao, Wang Shangrong, deputy director of the Operation Department of the Military Commission, and the commanders of the special forces studied and discussed various combat preparations to prevent the U.S. from landing in North Korea. On December 10, Nie Rongzhen reported the various plans discussed to Peng Dehuai and reported to Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and Lin Biao.These programs are mainly:

1. In addition to the units of the Volunteer Army already in North Korea, one army was drawn from the Northwest, Central South, and East China to the Northeast, plus one army already in the Northeast, a total of four armies were used as the Volunteer Army Reserve. Two: It is planned to deploy thirty-six 122mm caliber howitzers to equip one artillery regiment into the DPRK; deploy two tank regiments into the DPRK and deploy them on the north and north banks of the Qingchuan River; the Air Force is stepping up the training of three bomber divisions. After the training, there will be 90 A bomber joined the battle; the Navy organized cadres to go to Andong and the Qingchuan River to survey the terrain, and planned to place a torpedo boat brigade in Andong and two coastal artillery companies on both sides of the Qingchuan River Estuary.

3. For the construction and improvement of the North Korea Railway, it is planned to repair the section from Guseong to the stadium (87 kilometers) and the section from the stadium to Tokcheon (27.5 kilometers), and at the same time improve the original line from Jian to the stadium.In order to complete this arduous project as soon as possible, it is planned that Zhisi will raise a military force (40,000 people) to help, and the Ministry of Railways will transfer three railway public security divisions (27,000 people) and 3,000 cadres and technical staff, a total of 70,000 people.In addition, Zhisi dispatched an anti-aircraft artillery division to cover the construction.

4. In 1953, 500,000 recruits were mobilized, including 160,000 each in Southwest China and East China, 100,000 in Central South China, 50,000 in North China, 20,000 in Northwest China, and 10,000 in Northeast China. 5. On the line from Andong to Zhuanghe in the Liaodong Peninsula and the Shandong Peninsula, key areas were also selected for the construction of national defense fortifications.It is planned to send a division to be stationed on the Weihai-Yantai-Penglai line, and a regiment to be stationed in the Changshan Islands.The Navy stepped up coastal artillery equipment on the Changshan Islands and the Shandong Peninsula.

Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Gao Gang fully agreed with this plan.Mao Zedong issued an instruction on December 11: "I agree with this deployment, hurry up to check, and be sure to complete the task." At 10 o'clock that night, Mao Zedong asked Nie Rongzhen to talk.Mao Zedong also commented on the third plan: The railway strives to complete the Tokugawa line of the Turtle City Stadium by the end of April, and repairs automobile roads and a large number of warehouses between the stadium and the high mountain between Tokugawa, and first smashes [reverse] transportation and opens it to traffic.Another wide road needs to be maintained between Turtle City Stadium.A wide road was built between Xichuan and Tokugawa.The original two are striving to be widened.The lines between the Manpu stadiums will be greatly improved. On December 15, the General Staff also issued instructions to the major military regions, pointing out that the situation from all sides and the public opinion of the enemy show that the enemy seems to be preparing for a risky landing behind our army in North Korea next spring.It is reported that Taiwan's Chiang Kai-shek Group has clamored to set next year as the "Counterattack Year", and the remnants of Li Mi who fled to Burma also ordered his troops to actively prepare in December and start operations in January next year.According to this, Taiwan's Chiang Kai-shek Group "is very likely to carry out a surprise attack on certain coastal areas of our country next year in order to cooperate with the U.S. imperialists' landing in North Korea." , as well as the activities of internal lurking bandits taking the opportunity, we should do a detailed study and make a predetermined combat plan."According to this instruction, the major military regions have made research and deployment. On the 28th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission also issued a telegram drafted by Mao Zedong to the East China Bureau, the East China Military Region, the Fujian Provincial Party Committee, and the Fujian Military Region, instructing that the Fujian Military Region must prepare to use its existing forces and not rely on any foreign aid to crush Taiwan. The Kuomintang army in Jinmen and Kinmen may attack the coastal islands of Fujian and the mainland of Fujian with one army.On the must-defend islands, permanent and strong fortifications must be made, food, ammunition and drinking water must be stored in advance, preparations must be made for long-term persistence, and reinforcement plans must be made.Take out Ye Fei to be a full-time military officer and concentrate on fighting against the enemy.Two months from now is the most critical time.In addition, Mao Zedong also instructed to strengthen Shanghai's air defense deployment to ensure the safety of the Shanghai area. On January 17, the General Staff issued the "Instructions on Strengthening Air Defense Combat Readiness", requiring all air defense forces to strengthen their combat readiness, further organize and develop existing air defense forces, so that they can better meet the needs of war, and allow possible air defense operations to mainland China. Bombing or harassing U.S. and Kuomintang military aircraft struck forcefully.