Chapter 45 Caixi Township Survey[1]

(November 1933) Administrative division The famous Shangxia Caixi in the Central Soviet Area belongs to the Caixi District of Shanghang County, Fujian Province.Caixi District has been divided into the following eight townships since it was newly divided into administrative districts: Shangcaixi, Xiacaixi, Lingbao, Tongkang, Zengkeng, Wencai, Dadi, and Xiawang. Shangcaixi: 523 families, 2,318 people. It is divided into four villages: Leiwu (population about 600), Yangxia (500), Zhongxing (500), and Shangwu (600). Residents of Xiangsu[2]: chairman, secretary. Because it is a big township, the clerks are always there to help Xiangsu work.

Xiacaixi: 503 families, 2,610 people. It is divided into four villages: Zhangkeng (population about 600), Xiakeng (500), Fakeng (800) and Sunwu (700). representative meeting a representative number Shangcaixi: The first fifty-three representatives.In this election, the workers’ family members were counted as workers, and the number of representatives increased to 75 (22 were added, and there were many plasterers in the township).Among the original fifty-three representatives, there were thirteen workers, and twenty-two were added, making a total of thirty-five workers' representatives, and the remaining forty peasant representatives.There are 183 workers in the township, belonging to 163 families, including family members with an average of three people in each family, a total of 489 people, and every thirteen people have one representative, so the number of representatives is the same as above.

Xiacaixi: There were 73 deputies in the past, now there are 91 deputies, and 18 new deputies have been added. This is also because the proportion of elections for workers' families has increased. Second delegation There are more than ten representatives in each village, and more than twenty representatives in each village. Representatives from each of the four villages hold meetings to elect one person to become the "delegation" of Xiangsu, so the delegation consists of four people.Relatively small tasks are resolved by the chairman calling a meeting of the delegation.Before each representative meeting, the delegation is convened for a meeting and prepared in advance (or in the morning, or in advance), and the representative meeting will be held once every five days.This method started in 1931. (The delegation should be called the Delegate Director.)

The relationship between the three representatives and the residents The number of residents under the jurisdiction of each representative may be more than ten, twenty, thirty, forty, and at most fifty.The workers' representatives have less jurisdiction, and the peasants' representatives have more jurisdiction.This approach began in 1932. The Political Performance of the Four Represents Among the fifty-three representatives of Shangcaixi: Most positively, more than twenty. Medium, more than twenty. Worst, one. The worst representative, only three times out of ten meetings, was busy finding his own life, did not follow up on the assigned work, criticized many times, and was expelled from the representative meeting.

Among the seventy-three representatives of Xiacaixi, there is no worst one. The transfer and by-election of the Five Representatives Fifty-three representatives of Shangcaixi were elected last November.By the time of the re-election on October 14 this year, 27 people from the Red Army (one went back in November last year) and 11 people who were transferred to work, a total of 38 people went, and 15 people remained.By-elections are held in villages, where workers elect workers and peasants elect peasants.If there is an alternate representative, the alternate representative shall serve as the alternate representative.This by-election was held in November last year, and it was held at the end of last year.By the time of the re-election in October this year, there were only 42 people left, and eleven people were transferred one after another.

Seventy-three representatives of Xiacaixi, this year's Red May, 11 members of the Red Army, the village held a by-election meeting as a unit.In July, another by-election meeting was held for 15 members of the Red Army.The 18 people who have been transferred back and forth to work will serve as alternate representatives. six female representatives During the election last October, among the 53 deputies in Shangcaixi, 16 were women, accounting for 30 percent.Among the seventy-three representatives of Xiacaixi, twenty-one are women, which is also thirty percent.After the by-election, until the election in October this year, among the fifty-three deputies in Shangcaixi, thirty-three were women, accounting for almost sixty percent.Among the seventy-three representatives of Xiacaixi, forty-three are women, which is also 60%.In this election, among the 75 deputies in Shangcaixi, 43 were women, still 60%.Among the ninety-one representatives from Xiacaixi, fifty-nine are women, accounting for sixty-five percent.

The system of village deputies and directors and the method of establishing a fixed relationship between deputies and residents is a great progress in Soviet organization and leadership.Caixi Township, like Changgang, Shishui and other townships, has achieved great results.The center of the township is the village, so the organization and leadership of the village has become a matter of great concern.Divide the entire territory of the township into several villages, and rely on the strong leadership of the people's own township Soviet representatives and village committees and people's organizations in the village, so that the whole village people can be organized under the Soviets like a network to implement all Soviet policies. Work tasks, this is the most obvious place where the Soviet system is superior to all political systems in history.The measures adopted in Changgang, Caixi, Shishui and other townships should be extended to the entire Soviet area.

this election 1. The Election Committee leads the election. 2. For resident voter registration, three lists will be issued. 3. The list of candidates, there are more than 160 people in Xiacaixi (91 people should be selected), and each village has a sticker with more than 160 names written on it.The masses noticed a lot under each name, and the children also marked those with two characters, five or six characters, and more than ten characters.There are many words such as "good" and "bad", and there are also words "agree" or "negative".There is a person whose name is marked with the word "bureaucrat".More than 20 people were criticized by the poster, and those who were criticized were all those who only knew how to live for themselves, disregarded the interests of the masses, and performed negatively at work.There is poetry.There are three pieces criticizing Xiangsu for not solving the paper industry problem well.

4. The township holds a voter assembly as a unit, and the township Su reports on the work. 5. The whole township of workers is a unit, and the peasant village is a unit (four). Sixth, the election meeting, voters to 80%.About 20% of those who were sick, those who were sentry, those who worked in cooperatives and went out to do goods, and those whose women were on confinement, did not show up.The old man came to the meeting with a stick. 7. There are many meetings held for elections: trade unions, poor peasant groups, women's associations, mutual aid societies, and anti-imperialist alliances hold general meetings, children's groups and youth groups all hold meetings, and party and youth groups hold meetings first.There are banners and there are pamphlets.Therefore, this year's election propaganda is much more popular than last year, and most people understand the significance of the election.

Last year, those under the age of 16 argued about the right to vote, thinking that many of them were members of the Red Army and did a lot of work, so why didn’t they have the right to vote? This year, they understood that it was because of their age, so they stopped arguing. Propaganda teams went to various villages to publicize, giving speeches during the day and acting at night. 8. At the election meeting, the purchase of government bonds was encouraged. Xia Caixi bought more than 1,500 yuan a day at the meeting venue, and Shang Caixi bought 630 yuan a day. In the Dadi Township electorate meeting, thirteen people were mobilized to serve as the Red Army, and one of the two squads of the Red Guard Model Battalion in the township went to one.

9. The election of new cadres: Among the 75 representatives in Shangcaixi, 53 were former representatives, 21 were re-elected, 32 were unsuccessful, and 54 were newly elected.Among the 91 representatives in Xiacaixi, 73 were former representatives, 50 were re-elected, 23 were unsuccessful, and 41 were newly elected. The election of Shangxiacaixi was generally successful.Their election propaganda, their organization of the candidate list and mobilizing the masses to criticize the candidate list, their connection to other work, their organization of workers and the election of women, all fully implemented the election instructions of the central government and became the election movement in the Soviet area. model.There is little performance in mobilizing voters' proposals to be discussed by newly elected representatives at the election conference.The model in this respect should be given to Changgang Township in Xingguo. Sub-Committee There are many committees in the countryside.A few examples are as follows: "Support the Red Army".There are only five members on the top and bottom of the committee.Each of the four villages has a committee with five members each. "Preferential treatment for the families of the Red Army".There are five people in both upper and lower Caixi, and five people in the village. "Check the field".There are eleven people in both townships and none in the village. "election".There are seven people in both townships and none in the village. "land".There are eleven people in Shangcaixi, seven in Xiacaixi, and none in the village. "labor".That is, the labor cooperative committee, with five people in each of the two townships.There are no committees in the village, but groups. "Mountain forest".There are seven people from the upper Caixi River and eleven people from the lower Caixi River. "Deserts return to the army".There are twelve people in both townships. There are no "spring plowing" and "summer plowing" committees.Only the plowing teams are organized, with five members forming a small group, ten members forming a squadron, thirty members forming a squadron, and a hundred members forming a large group, with a large group for each of the upper and lower Caixi.The plowing team is mainly to give preferential treatment to the families of the Red Army. The organization and leadership of many committees under the Township Soviet became an important part of the work of the Township Soviet, which was once again proved in Caixi Township.The central government has adopted the experience of various places and stipulated it in the local soviet organic law.It stipulates that township committees can organize more than 20 regular and temporary committees, which can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the work situation in various places.Urban Soviets must adapt to the characteristics of cities and organize committees that are different from townships.The clear and unified establishment of this system will bring the relationship between the Soviets and the people closer, and will give solid strength to the execution of all Soviet work.One problem is that villages should also establish committees for certain important tasks (all kinds of mass organizations with a large number of members should also establish their village leadership organs).Because if there is only the township committee, it is impossible to carry out the work thoroughly in a township with a population of about a thousand people.This can be ensured by the establishment of committees in many villages. expand the red army Eight, nine, thirteen months. Shangcaixi: 60 people, mobilized two rows of model battalions. Eleven people who returned to the team.There are two or three who did not return to the team due to illness. Xiacaixi: Sixty-five people, the model camp mobilized fifty-two people at a time.Another individual mobilization went to thirteen people. Eleven people who returned to the team.There are fourteen people who have not returned to the team. In the 12 townships in the whole region (before they were divided), 273 people from the model camp were mobilized on August 15th.There are more than 50 people who have not returned to the eight townships in the new division. The two townships of upper and lower Caixi in the whole district achieved the best results in expanding the Red Army.The main reason is that the family members of the Red Army are treated preferentially and the work of condolences to the Red Army has always been good.Before the Red May, the eight townships could collect 500 pairs of cloth sandals per month on average, which was slightly reduced due to the recent blockade and no cloth.But there are still the following results in Shangcaixi: Shangcaixi, more than 500 pairs in August, more than 100 pairs in September, and more than 90 pairs in October.In Xiacaixi, there are more than 300 pairs in August, 280 pairs in September, 300 pairs in October, and 630 pairs in November. These achievements were mainly due to the mobilization of Party and Youth League members to lead the Women Workers, Peasants and Women's Representative Conference by the Party and Youth League branch: (1) Party and League members held meetings first, (2) Women's Representatives Conference held meetings, and (3) Women's mass meetings. The women's representative meeting is held once every ten days. There are five members of the presidium in the township, one instructor is recommended, and the other four are divided into four villages. One person in each village is the director of the village. The issues discussed at the women's representative meeting were discussed by all those who discussed in Xiangsu. In addition to making great efforts to comfort the Red Army, sell public loans, and develop production, they also often discussed their own interests such as marriage issues and explained marriage regulations to women. The mass mobilization of the masses to serve in the Red Army relies on: (1) sufficient political propaganda and agitation, and the abolition of all coercive methods; (2) sufficient preferential treatment for the families of the Red Army;Preferential treatment of the families of the Red Army is a fundamental task for the masses to go happily and stay in the Red Army with peace of mind. The experience of Changgang Township and Caixi Township has fully proved it for us.There are 407 young and middle-aged men (aged 16 to 45) in Changgang Township, of which 320 are working in the Red Army, accounting for 79%.Among the 554 young and middle-aged men (aged 16 to 55) in Shangcaixi, 485 went out to work in the Red Army, accounting for 88%.Of the 765 young and middle-aged men in Xiacaixi, 533 went out to work in the Red Army, accounting for 70%.Such a large-scale expansion of the Red Army will absolutely be impossible if the economic and production problems are not thoroughly solved.Only by combining economic mobilization with political mobilization can we create an upsurge in expanding the Red Army and achieve the same results as in Changgang Township and Caixi Township. economic life a workforce issue Shangcaixi: Among the total population of 2,318 (at the time of the riot), 554 male laborers (aged from 16 to 55, the same below), 581 female laborers, and 581 female laborers. Four hundred and nineteen were employed in the Red Army, and eighty-eight were transferred to work abroad (66 men, 22 women).Among the 554 labor force men aged 16 to 55, a total of 485 (419 plus 66) went to work in the Red Army, and those who stayed in the countryside Only 69 people, compared with 559 female laborers (581 minus 22), men accounted for only 11% of the total labor force.There are 358 family members of the Red Army in the township. Xiacaixi: Among the total population of 2,610, there are 1,207 men and women in the labor force (765 men and 442 women), 440 of the Red Army 2. Ninety-eight people transferred to other countries (91 males and 7 females).Among the 765 male laborers, a total of 533 went to the Red Army and did work, and only 232 remained in the countryside, with 435 (400) female laborers. Forty-two minus seven), men accounted for only 35 percent of the total labor force.There are three hundred and fifty-five families of the Red Army in the township. Therefore, cultivation mainly depends on women.In Shangcaixi this year, there are about 300 women who can use cattle and more than 60 people who can cultivate fields.Of the 300 people before the riot, only one-tenth, that is, about thirty people, could use cattle.Years of hard work have resulted in this achievement. At the same time, the "old comrades" are in good spirits, most of them are pioneers, and some of them can sow fields and reap crops.Children are again involved in childbirth.Therefore, production is in development.In addition to the participation of women, the elderly, and children in production, the development of production also depends on the mutual adjustment of labor forces.In a village, there are families with a surplus of labor, and families with a shortage of help.In a township, the villages with surplus help the villages with insufficient help.In a district, there are townships with a surplus and townships with a shortage of help.In this way, the labor force is allocated on a district-by-district basis to work as laborers.Party and League members do "Saturday" [3].Thus, production is further developed. The main means of adjusting labor force are labor cooperatives and farming teams.Its task is to help the red family and the masses to help each other. Help red genus: bring rice bag (without vegetables), bring farm tools, the same is true for Matian and mowing. Mutual aid among the masses: It is agreed that the wages are 20 cents a day, the same for men and women, and the same for normal times when it is tight. This has been done since 1930.For wages, the red family helps the red family, 1.5 cents a day; the red family helps the masses, 20 cents a day; the masses help the red family, no wages. The labor cooperatives coordinate the overall situation, and the township labor cooperative committee has five members, and the director plans a township.Each of the four villages has one committee member, planning one village.Those who want to apply for work must go through the village committee and cannot apply privately, otherwise the adjustment of labor will be confused.Wages, "employment" and "hire" both parties take care of themselves, without committee members. The local labor cooperative was established in 1931.The "labor cooperatives" that are practiced in the entire Soviet area today originated from this. The committee member has a book in his hand, registering those who have labor force, those who have no labor force, or those who are short of labor force.If someone asks for a job, it can be assigned immediately.For those who don’t know, ask the squadron leader of the plowing team (each village has a squadron, five people form a group, two groups of ten people form a squadron, and three or four squadrons form a squadron). The squadron leader also has a notebook in his hand. "In favor of unifying the plowing teams with the labor cooperatives." Production situation: After the riots (1929-1931), production dropped by about 20%.It recovered by 10% in 1932, and this year (1933) increased by 20% compared to last year (miscellaneous grains such as sweet potatoes, beans, yams, and large potatoes increased by 50% compared to last year). More than ten percent before the riot.After the riots, many fields in the whole area were abandoned, and a small part was developed last year.This year, it has been widely opened, and more than 1,300 loads have been opened.There are more mountains than fields, mountains account for three-quarters, and fields account for one-fourth. Because the fields are exhausted, they enter Kaishan.There is not a single field without miscellaneous grains, and all the fields that can grow sweet potatoes are planted with sweet potatoes.Lesbians "fighted" for the opening of Kaishan. If I want to drive, you should too.Competition is powerful.The food in the whole district was not far enough before the riots (in addition to the fact that there was a lot of powder and dried at that time), it was enough last year, and it is more than enough this year.At present, there is no dry powder and "board" in the whole district, and there is no steamed wine. Two consumer cooperatives There are fourteen consumer cooperatives in the eight townships of the whole district. Shangcaixi two: An oil, salt and meat cooperative.The original share capital was 74 yuan, which was later increased to 185 yuan, 50 cents per share.From October 1930.In July 1933, a dividend was paid once, at 50 cents per share.There is one person who is always in charge of the affairs, and there are two people to help on fair days. A cloth cooperative.The original share capital was 144 yuan, which was later increased to 255 yuan, one yuan per share.Simultaneously with the former.In September 1933, dividends were paid once, at one yuan per share.There are two permanent residents and one helper on fair day. There are three in Xiacaixi: A cloth cooperative.The original share capital was 120 yuan, which was later increased to 240 yuan, and each share was 1 yuan.From January 1930.In February 1932, dividends were paid once, at one yuan per share.Permanent two. An oil, salt and meat cooperative.The original share capital was 35 yuan, which was later increased to 157 yuan, 50 cents per share.From October 1929.In March 1933, dividends were paid once, at 50 cents per share.There are two permanent residents, and one person is supported on fair days. A tofu, candy, pig cooperative.The original share capital was 125 yuan, which was later increased to 180 yuan, 50 cents per share.From January 1931.In February 1933, dividends were paid at 50 cents per share.There are three permanent staff. Cooperatives check their accounts twice a month (go home for dinner after checking), and hold a member meeting once (without meals).The person in charge shall be re-elected every three months at the members' meeting.Those transferred to work in county or district communes, those who went to the Red Army when they were young (with older generations), and those who were incompetent, were replaced immediately.But in fact, more people are re-elected and fewer people are replaced.Only the family members of the Red Army who are in difficulty can credit on credit, for one credit, two credits, and up to three credits (one every five days).When returning, rice, beans, etc. can be used.If the fair period is not cleared, it will be cleared in July and October every year. Sixty percent of the households who joined consumer cooperatives went up Caixi and 90 percent went down Caixi. When the stock is out of stock, red members will buy first, members will buy later, and non-members will buy last. The price of red goods (with a badge) will be reduced by 5% according to the market price, and the members will not be reduced.The same is true for red genus from other townships or even other districts. Red genus from Jiuxian, Nanyang, Guanzhuang and other districts all come to buy goods. "Cooperatives are the best." - Public Opinion. Private stores selling "foreign goods", except for a pharmacy opened by a Jiangxi native, have disappeared in the whole district (gradually weakened to this point). . Three Grain Cooperatives Formerly known as the Grain Adjustment Bureau, it was established in 1930 and raised shares from the masses.This kind of raising is not a general raising, but raising from people with a better life, and each share of Dayang is one yuan.Each township organizes a dispatch bureau, and there are eight bureaus in the whole district, with a total share capital of 1,810 yuan. Adjustment method: Buy rice from the masses every year, and the charge is two liters less than that purchased by private individuals.When it was sold, it was first sold to the families of the Red Army, and then to the needy masses.But whether the masses are in difficulty or not must be investigated and approved by the township representative meeting.When selling, the current market price is not used, only the purchase price is used to exclude losses.For example, if you buy one bucket and five liters per yuan, you will sell one bucket for four liters and five liters, excluding the loss of five liters.If the family members of the Red Army have no money, or if the masses are in special difficulties, they can lend them, and they will return them in full after harvesting without interest.Every year when the work of harvesting and distributing the grain is completed, Xiangsu will notify the masses, name representatives, settle accounts with the person in charge of the Dispatch Bureau, and issue an announcement.Every year after autumn, the millet is harvested and put into the barn, and it is sealed with a long strip of Xiangsu.The spring and summer crops are not determined once or twice, and are decided by the masses. When the masses need them, they will open warehouses and sell them.Probably every year when the fields are planted in March and when the green leaves are not connected in May, they are both the seasons for leaving the grain. In February this year, the name was changed to Grain Cooperative, but the organization remains the same.Since the launch of the economic construction movement this year, the rural grain cooperatives have expanded.For example, Shangcaixi Grain Co., Ltd. originally had 215 yuan of shares, and now has an increase of 203 yuan, making a total of 418 yuan.In Xiacaixi, the original stock was 137 yuan, and now it has been increased by 200 yuan, making a total of 337 yuan.There are five members of the Dispatch Bureau, and one director is permanently stationed to receive meals. In May of this year, there was a famine in Shangcun and Zhanyun Townships (now classified as Tongxian District) (the two townships are full of bamboo mountains, each person only has one load of land, and the paper industry has failed again), and the grain adjustment bureaus of all townships in the whole district worked together relief.At that time, the price of grain was eight liters per yuan, and the transfer bureau lent the autumn grain to the two townships at the price of one bucket of eight liters per yuan, and returned it in the same amount after autumn. The whole district lent a total of 36 dan.In addition, miscellaneous grains (dried sweet potatoes, etc.) and money were collected for relief.As a result, there is no hungry meal.The rest of the townships in Caixi District have not suffered from famine this year, which is the strength of the adjustment bureau. Xiacaixi also has a "rice selling cooperative" with a share capital of 130 yuan and 50 cents per share.It is specially designed for the Red Army passing by, pedestrians coming and going, government personnel and people in distress to buy rice.None of the five committee members is permanent, and one person works for half a day on fair days, and entrusts consumer cooperatives to handle it at ordinary times.Except for the wages and food of the rice workers, no dividends are distributed.There are very few ordinary people who come here to buy rice, only one or two people out of a hundred.The price of rice follows the market.Since the masses have pooled shares to set up this cooperative, the Red Army, refugees, etc. have stopped selling rice to the masses from house to house. Sili Cattle Cooperative There are only two township organizations in the whole district, Shangxia Caixi, each with three cows. About 20 percent of the households in the two townships have no cattle, and no solution has been found yet. 5 daily life Rice: Before the riots, poor peasants and farm laborers only ate rice for three months a year on average, and miscellaneous grains for the remaining nine months.Now, with six months of rice to eat and six months of miscellaneous grains, one year is enough.Originally, there was very little rice produced locally, so we still had to rely on miscellaneous grains for half, and now the production of miscellaneous grains is also more than before.In terms of every meal, they couldn't eat enough before the riots, but now they can eat enough.In addition to eating for themselves, they can also be sold to the Red Army to pay the land tax, buy government bonds and exchange them for oil and salt.All in all, meals improved by 100% (ratio of three-month meal to six-month meal). Meat: Before the riots, poor peasants and farm laborers ate meat on average for about one yuan (Dayang) per person per year. Now it is two yuan, an increase of 100%.Before the riots, only 60 of the 100 households raised pigs, but now 95 of the 100 households raise pigs. Clothes: Before the riots, each person could make one set of shirts and trousers every two years. After the riots, each person could make one and a half sets per year, an increase of 200%.This year the situation has changed again. Because of the blockade and expensive cloth, each person can only make half a set on average, returning to the situation before the riots.Before the riots, a single set of clothes cost eighteen cents (fifteen wools, three wools), last year each set was twenty-one cents (seventeen wools, four wools), equivalent to one and a half yuan, and this year each set was thirty-four cents ( Thirty woolen cloth, four woolen workers), combined with Dayang, two yuan and four jiao.The counter-revolution has made our clothes so expensive! Salt: Before the riots, each person ate an average of one catty of salt per month. In November this year, each person only ate three or two yuan per month. catty.Do not overthrow the Kuomintang and eat without salt! Oil: before the riots, the average monthly consumption of oil (wood oil from Jiangxi[5], local lard) was six taels per person, and it has not decreased or increased now.But because there is less wood oil in Jiangxi, most people eat lard. Six prices Grain—ten yuan per load (one hundred catties) before the riots, two yuan and fifty cents in 1929, five yuan in 1930, six yuan and two cents in 1932, May 10 in 1933 Yuan, five yuan in October. Pork—before the riots, it was two and a half catties per yuan with bone, and now it is two and a half catties per yuan without bone. Fish - Due to the blockade after the riots, there were no fish fry in Jiujiang (transfer from Wuping County), the ponds were empty, and there was no market. Chicken - the price is the same before and after, eight cents per catty. Duck - the same before and after, four cents per catty. Eggs—same as before and after, buy three per wool. Duck eggs - the same before and after, buy three per wool. Lard - the same price as pork. Lime - not used in the field, but used to make paper, the front and back are similar, and you can buy a load (eighty catties) per yuan. Beans—ten yuan per load (eight buckets) before the riots, twenty yuan in 1932, and eight yuan this year. Cigarettes—before the riots, they bought two taels per cent, but now they cost one tael or six cents per cent. Tea - the same as before and after, buy three and a half catties per yuan. Vegetable oil—three and a half catties per yuan before the riots, two and a half catties this spring, and one thirteen taels per catty this winter. Paper—Before the riots, each ball (forty catties) of straw paper was 4 yuan and 50 cents, in 1931 it was 6 yuan, in 1932 it was 5 yuan, in 1933 it was 1 yuan and 50 cents, so no paper was produced. Wood - can not be exported, no market.Paper and wood are the largest local exports, and both have failed today.The hateful Kuomintang blockade! Wood oil—before the riots, wood oil was bought for three and a half catties per yuan, but now there is not much to buy, so they have to eat lard. Iron - twice as expensive as before the riot. Cloth—Cotton cloth was bought for one yuan before the riots (two zhang and three feet), in 1932 for one yuan and 40 cents, and this year for two yuan and 20 cents. Salt—ten catties per yuan before the riots, it was still ten catties in the spring of 1930 to 1932, and it was as expensive as seven catties in summer this year.In 1933, I bought one catty per yuan, but in November I bought only fourteen taels per yuan.The big problem is breaking the blockade. Foreign oil—Before the riots, 50% of the households ordered foreign oil, and they bought seven catties and fourteen taels per yuan. In 1933, they only bought one catty and five taels per yuan. Therefore, except for office work, no one ordered it. Click "Pine Light" [6]. Firewood—two pieces of copper per catty before the riots, three pieces of copper last year, and five to nine pieces of copper this year. Mao Yang - the same before and after, sixteen copper pieces per hair. Xianyang - Miscellaneous foreign thirteen and a half cents; Guangyang fourteen cents, the same as Su Zhi [7].Now there is only Su Zhi, and now Yang is completely invisible.It's the KMT making trouble again! Seven economic bonds The newly-planned Caixi District has eight townships, 2,188 households, and 8,782 people. A total of 13,600 yuan of public debt has been underwritten, and about 1,000 yuan is still outstanding. . There are 523 families in Shangcaixi, with 2,318 people, and the sales volume is 4,000 yuan. There are 503 families in Xiacaixi, with 2,610 people, and the sales volume is 4,146 yuan. method: (1) The mobilization of the party members' meeting. (2) Each group holds its own meeting to mobilize. (3) The mobilization of the Xiangsu Representative Conference. (4) The village holds a mass meeting once as a unit, which is specially publicized and not sold. (5) The township held a mass meeting as a unit to sell off the debts. The two townships each sold more than 1,500 yuan, which is still unfinished. (6) Township representatives, marketing committees (three people per village), propaganda teams (organized by townships, five people per village), door-to-door publicity. (7) At the electorate meeting, Shangcaixi sold more than 600 yuan, and Xiacaixi sold more than 1,600 yuan.So far, Shangcaixi has sold more than 200 yuan, with more than 1,000 yuan left, and Xiacaixi has sold more than 3,000 yuan, with about 900 yuan left. (8) Afterwards, the representatives, sales committee members, and publicity teams mobilized each household, and the sale was almost finished, and the number was approved.But the public debt has not been fully received. Buy completely automatically, without compulsion.There is never a time when economic construction is not mentioned.Because of the establishment of the County Trade Bureau and the purchase of salt and cloth, the masses have become more aware of the importance of economic bonds. We have repeatedly said that only when economic construction is combined with political mobilization can there be a greater upsurge in expanding the Red Army and driving the broad masses to the front.In Caixi Township, after the young and middle-aged men went out to serve in the Red Army and work in groups, the production rate exceeded 10% before the riot.The barren land has been completely opened up, and when entering Kaishan, there is not a piece of arable land that has not been planted, and the lives of the people have been greatly improved. Labor cooperatives (otherwise known as mutual labor cooperatives), consumer cooperatives, and food cooperatives have organized the economic life of the people in the township, and their economic organization has reached a very high level, becoming the first glorious model in the entire Soviet area.This kind of achievement on the economic front has excited the entire masses, enabling the masses to go to the front with weapons in hand in order to defend and develop the Soviet area, without any family worries.Among the total population of 4,928 in the two townships, 1,018 men went out to serve in the Red Army and work (485 in Shangcaixi and 533 in Xiacaixi). Twenty-nine women went out to work.This iron fact has given us a powerful weapon to crush all the nonsense of the opportunists, such as saying that economic construction is impossible during a civil war, or that the lives of the masses in the Soviet areas have not improved, or that the masses have not Those who are willing to become the Red Army, or to expand the Red Army, will have no one to produce.We solemnly introduce the glorious achievements of Changgang Township, Caixi Township and Shishui Township to all workers and peasants. We call on thousands of townships in the entire Soviet area to learn from these townships, so that thousands of townships will be like Changgang, Caixi, and Shishui Townships. Like stone and water, it has become a strong forward position for the victory of the whole of China. cultural education Shangcai River: day school.Four, a principal and a teacher each.Meals for teachers and donations from the masses are calculated at 10 cents per person.There are a total of 141 students, most of whom are between six and ten years old.Eleven to fourteen-year-olds are admitted to the District Su Compulsory Labor School (reformed from the Children's Work Cadre Training Institute).There are more than 600 children aged 1 to 15 in the township, 323 of them are aged 6 to 15, 141 of them are enrolled in day schools, and 37 are enrolled in District Su Labor School. There are still 145 people out of school. night school.Four, no headmaster, the teachers are concurrently taught by day school teachers.There are more than 120 students, most of whom are women.The monthly office fee is 50 cents per school, raised by the masses. Literacy classes.Twenty-four groups, ten people in each group, a total of 240 people, every five days the teacher of the night school gave five new characters to recognize.Each group has a leader, both male and female.Those who cannot go to night school due to old age, work, or children's involvement will be enrolled in literacy classes. Reading group.Set in the club, there is a director who reads "Struggle", "Red Middle", "Notice", "Class Analysis" [8], etc. every fair day (one fair every five days).At least fifty or sixty people listen to each time, and there are eighty or ninety people more. Literacy card.Six blocks, set at the passage. club.One, there are more than 50 people working in the club, and the Neixin Theater Troupe accounts for more than 30 people. poster.Four places, one in each village, outside the gate of the day school.Articles, students and teachers do too much, the masses do only one-tenth. Xia Caixi: day school.Five, a total of one principal, one teacher each.The teacher's meal method is the same as that of Caixi.A total of more than 150 students, more than 60 people entered the district school, a total of more than 210 people. night school.Eight, no headmaster, five of the teachers are part-time teachers of the day school, and three are recruited from others.The average number of students in each school is about 30, a total of 240 students.The office fee is 50 cents per month. club.One, with more than fifty staff members. Literacy class.Twenty-six groups, a total of 260 people, the method of literacy is the same as that of Caixi. Literacy card.five dollars. poster.five places. Reading group.One place is also once every five days on fair day. According to the "Mao Zedong Rural Investigation Collected Works" published by People's Publishing House in 1982. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] In January 1934, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic distributed the mimeographed copy of this survey report to delegates attending the Second National Congress of Soviets.The title of the booklet is "Model of Xiangsu Work (2) - Caixi Township".In front of the text, Mao Zedong noted: "Caixi Township (November 26, 1933) Zhuo Xinghua was the chairman of Caixi and served for half a year. Que Shaoguang went to Caixi Documents and served for half a year. Wang Deqing appointed Caixi representative and served for half a year. The following material is collected from the oral reports of three comrades. " [2] Xiangsu, see note [5] on page 244 of this volume. [3] "Saturday" refers to the voluntary labor performed in the revolutionary base areas at that time to help the families of the Red Army, poor peasants, and hired farmers to cultivate the land and to help cultivate the Red Army's public land. It originated from the communist Saturday voluntary labor carried out after the October Revolution in the Soviet Union. [4] "Yat's hoof", the rhizome of a grass in the mountains, shaped like a sheep's hoof, can be used to satisfy hunger and famine. [5] Wood oil, see note [9] on page 244 of this volume. [6] "Songguang", that is, pine light, ignites the oily pine strips used for lighting. [7] Su paper, here refers to the banknotes issued by the National Bank of the Soviet Republic of China and Minxi Workers and Peasants Bank. [8] "Struggle", that is, "Struggle" newspaper, was the official newspaper of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China in the Soviet Area at that time. "Red China", that is, "Red China", was the provisional central government organ of the Chinese Soviet Republic at that time. "Notice" refers to the documents issued by the higher authorities at that time on various tasks. "Class analysis" refers to the documents and materials on how to analyze rural class issues issued during the Land Survey Movement.