Chapter 35 Chapter Five Land Struggle in Xunwu

Contents of this chapter (1) Method of allocating land (2) Allocation of mountains and forests (3) Pond allocation problem (4) Housing allocation issues (5) Regional standards for land allocation (6) Homeless people in the suburbs request land distribution (7) The amount of land each person gets and supplements for living short of life (8) The issue of remaining public land (9) Distribution speed (10) A word "flat" (11) People who resist Hirata (12) Total distribution of original farming (13) How the riots dealt with the land after Maita (14) Whether non-farmers should share their fields

(15) Debt Cancellation Issue (16) Land tax (17) Women in the Land Struggle (1) Method of allocating land There are several methods of allocating land.The main thing is to divide them equally according to the population.Only 20 percent of the county has no land allocated.As far as those who have already been distributed, 80% are distributed according to the method of equal division between men, women and children.When the land struggle first started, there was no established law to help. The Xunwu County Revolutionary Committee (county government) proposed four methods, requiring the district and township Soviets to convene representatives of the masses to discuss it, and they were free to choose one.The four methods are: 1. Divide equally according to the population; 2. Distribute according to the status of the labor force. Those with more labor will get more points, and those with less labor will get less points. Those under the age of fifty-five and over are divided into half-fields; three, they are distributed according to the amount of living resources, such as those who do crafts get less points, and those who have no other occupations get more points;As a result of the implementation, most places adopted the first method.Later, when the struggle developed, the Xunwu Party adopted the first method as the main method and promoted it in all districts, which won the support of most poor peasants.Now the land distributed according to this method accounts for 80 percent of the total distribution area.The 80% of the land is allotted according to the population, irrespective of men, women, old or young, labor ability or not, and the total number of land divided by the population.

In some places, there is no distinction for those under the age of four; for those over the age of four and up to old age, 50% or 70% are divided among those who cannot work, and 10% for the rest.Four townships, Liuche, Fengshan, Shangkun, and Datong, have adopted this method, with a population of about 10,000. In some places, after the population is divided equally, those who cannot work will return a part of the field (the amount of return varies, which is determined by the individual) to the Soviets because they are unable to cultivate.The result is more points for those with labor force and less points for those without labor force, which is similar to the second method proposed by the county government.The difference is that farmers automatically return part of the field after the field is divided, instead of allocating it according to labor standards from the beginning.There is a township of Longtu in doing so.Huangsha Township also returned their fields, but the farmers did not voluntarily return their fields, but the government ordered some people to return some of the fields after they found that they were unable to cultivate the fields after they were divided equally.They have no complaints when farmers are asked to return their fields, but they don't like it if they are forced to return their fertile fields and are not allowed to return their thin fields.The townships of Longtu and Huangsha have a total of 2,500 people.

In addition, there is free farming in Datian Township, where you can cultivate as much as you want.This is because after the White Massacre in Datian Township, nearly a hundred strong men and dozens of young and old were killed, several families were killed, and twenty or thirty people served as Red Guards or went to other counties to do revolutionary work. There were 800 people, but now there are only 600 people. There are many fields that are uncultivated. At the same time, all the cattle in the whole town have been taken away by the reactionaries. The Hao family brought it to use. (2) Allocation of mountains and forests

Except for one township, Niudouguang, all the forests in the county are not allocated. They are still managed by the original farmers, and they are all owned by the Soviet in name, and the farmers pay land taxes to the Soviet.Why was the mountain and forest in Niudouguang divided? Because there are many people in the village and few fields, the peasants are eager to divide the mountain.In addition, farmers in many places are still eager to divide the mountains, such as the farmers outside the south gate and north gate of Fucheng City. Because the rights to the mountains are in the hands of the courts of the major surnames, and the peasants with the minor surnames have no hills, they urgently demand the division of the mountains.

(3) Pond allocation problem The ownership belongs to the Soviet, the right to use it belongs to the peasants, and the neighboring families of the pond take turns to manage it, changing one family every year.This is how the whole county works. (4) Housing allocation issues There is no division, but those who have fewer houses or those whose houses have been burned down by the reactionaries are allowed to move into houses with more houses.In Shuangqiao and Nanba districts, many houses were burnt down by the enemy. Those whose houses were burned moved into the homes of the nearby landlords and rich peasants, and some moved into the homes of middle peasants and poor peasants.But there is a problem, that is, the owner does not like the fact that the newcomer has a son in his house.Xunwu used to think that if someone else gave birth to a son in his own family, he thought that the "spirit" of his family would be taken away by the newcomer, and his family would decline.Once upon a time in Fangtian Township, Shuangqiao District, there was a Jinshi named Zeng Xingsong. He was born in his ancestral home. Later, he became a Jinshi and became an official.This event is well-known throughout the county.The March 25 riot failed, and the wife of Zhong Xiqiu, the commander-in-chief of the left car riot, took refuge in her grandfather's house. Her grandfather was afraid that she would give birth, so he hurriedly asked her to leave.Later, I ran to a village in Longchuan County, where I set up a hut on the mountain to give birth to my son.Nowadays, people who are generally occupied by workers and peasants are dissatisfied in their hearts, although they dare not openly object to others having a son in their home.The only way to solve this problem is to change from the current "temporary borrowing" to "owning", that is, to distribute the landlord's house exactly like the landlord's field.This is also a strategy to shake the feudal foundation and win over the poor peasants.

(5) Regional standards for land allocation Peasants object to land allocation in large areas for two reasons, and welcome land allocation in small areas.One is that they are afraid of distributing the land in their own area.For this reason, they not only oppose the division of land by districts, but even disapprove of the township as a unit.What they sincerely want is to divide the fields by the village as a unit, so that the fields in their own villages will be completely owned by the village.Therefore, although 85% of the current land distribution in Xunwu is based on the village as a unit, most farmers do not enthusiastically support this method, but just do not actively oppose it.Why don't they actively oppose it? It is because in a township, although the amount of land varies from village to village, there is not much difference. If the land is divided according to the township as a unit, the economic losses they suffer are very small.As for places where the amount of land differs greatly from village to village, or where the area of ​​a village is as large as a township elsewhere, they firmly oppose taking the township as a unit, such as suburban townships in urban areas (divided into four villages), Xinzhai Township (divided into two villages), Zhucun Township in Nanba District (divided into six villages) and other places are allocated on a village-by-village basis.But there are not many such areas, accounting for only 15% of the county.The second is not in favor of immigration.Not only do the peasants themselves disapprove of the transfer from one district to another, but they also disapprove of the transfer from one township to another. "It costs a lot of grain to go up and down the house", which means that you will suffer losses when you move.There is also a superstitious feng shui, thinking that the ancestor's tomb is where it is, and it is not good to throw it away.Farmers believe that Feng Shui is good for their production.Familiar fields, familiar houses, and familiar human relations are indeed valuable treasures for farmers. If they throw these away to find a new place, they will suffer many unconscious losses.There are also geographical reasons, such as the convenient transportation and developed commerce in Chetou, and the peasants in that area are unwilling to move to Xiaolong (the same district, separated by more than ten miles), which is also an economic reason.It is wrong to think that the localism of the peasants is due to the outmoded thinking of the peasants, that is, the reason for recognition is psychological, and the reason for not recognizing it is economic.

(6) Homeless people in the suburbs request land distribution Farmers in the city have the least land allocation, and each person pays a lot of money, which is the area with the least land allocation in the county.The reason is that in the past there were few people who cultivated the land, but now there are many vagrants and prostitutes who asked for the distribution of the land, so the distribution of the land is less.A prostitute who has a lover runs away with her.Those who have no lover ask for the land anyway, and they say: "There is no business, and if you don't divide the land, you will starve to death." People say that they don't know how to plow, and they say: "I'll learn!" In fact, they are already plowing the field.Most of the vagrants and prostitutes were divided into fields.Those vagrants who have been allocated fields are relatively capable of farming, such as those with sons, who have a small amount of capital; prostitutes have husbands or sons, and each of them has three or five people in their families. , they make trouble.In this case, the government also allocated the fields to them.But there are also some who are not divided, that is, pure hooligans or prostitutes who have no farming ability at all.In the outskirts of the city, 60% of the homeless people have their fields distributed, and 40% of the homeless people have no farming ability and do not divide their fields.

(7) The amount of land each person gets and supplements for living short of life The suburbs are the least, and each person and each file (two seasons are collected in a year, and each season is one file) can do as much as one stone.There are more four compartments in the city, more than three stones per person per stall.The Shuangqiao area has the most, with more than seven stones per person per file.There are seven stones per person in Longtu and Hejiaoxu.But in most places, it is five stones per person per file.Each person needs to eat one catty of rice per day, 360 catties a year, and one hundred and eighty catties combined into one stone, a total of two rice stones, that is, four grains of rice.The number of stones in the field is water valley (that is, Maogu), and each stage is divided into five stones, and there are two stages a year, a total of ten stones.Ten stones of water can dry eight stones of dry valley, eat four stones, and there are four stones left.During the New Year's Eve of the Four Stone Valley, two or three stones were removed for making rice crackers and steaming wine, leaving one or two stones, which was not enough for the daily expenses of clothes, oil, salt, and social intercourse (wedding and funeral festivals).So how does he make up for it? He raises pigs, raises chickens and ducks, grows small vegetables (referring to the vicinity of the city), grows sugar cane, grows bamboo and wood, grows miscellaneous grains (sweet potatoes, taro, millet, beans) and also does handicrafts (making various kinds of rice). Plant logs and various bamboo utensils, such as pot lids, buckets, rice cookers, footbaths, urinals, water spoons, bamboo chairs, cloaks, dustpans, rice sieves, dustpans, fire cages, bamboo baskets, etc. The above bamboo Most of the farmers do woodware, but few specialize in bamboo and carpentry. Farmers even make platforms, stools, chairs, and tables), and they also pick feet (feet for picking rice, picking salt, picking beans, picking oil, etc.) Picking groceries is to help others to pick, most of them pick rice and salt, and the rest are few), and also do small business (selling oil, salt, rice, beans, pigs, chickens, and even rice crackers, etc.), and are capitalists Workmanship (picking mushrooms, making paper, picking tea, etc.).For each item mentioned above, each person can also do one or two subjects, and use this method to make up for life.The whole family lives, the field income accounts for two-thirds, and the miscellaneous income accounts for one-third.

(8) The issue of remaining public land No public land was left.When the meeting was held to divide the fields, the farmers were busy dividing all the fields, and did not propose that the government should set aside public land.The reason is that the population is dense and the land is scarce. The farmers' land is only enough for food, and some food is not enough. How can you agree with the government to set aside public land? (9) Distribution speed The distribution of the northern half of the counties that started later was very fast. For example, it took only 20 days for the urban area to complete the distribution of fields from the riots and occupation of the county.In addition, Chetou in Nanba District, Longtu and Shangping in Sanshui District will be allocated faster. As long as the investigation is completed in one day, the settlement will be settled in two days, and the announcement will be made in another day. To make up for the shortage, determine the division of each field.In this way, it will take a week at the earliest, because the actual struggle is to draw more and make up for less.This kind of struggle is a struggle between the peasants and the landlords and rich peasants. Those who pump too much are unwilling to get fat, and those who make up little are unwilling to lose weight. It needs to be properly allocated, so it will take quite a while.Most of the southern half of the county (except Chetou and Longtu) were allocated slowly.Since February last year, there has been armed struggle in the Shuangqiao area, but it was not until the county revolutionary committee was established at the end of November that it began to publish books and conduct land surveys.The investigation fee has been spent for a month and has not been investigated clearly.The reason is that the survey method is wrong, and the content of the survey form is very complicated (population, composition, education level, ethnicity, age, who owns the land ownership, land boundary, area, annual harvest, etc.), and items that do not need to be surveyed are also listed. , the investigation procedures are very troublesome (the county revolutionary committee will send the survey form to each township, and after the investigation is completed, it will be sent to the county revolutionary committee for review), so that the extension of time cannot divide the land.The method was only changed in January this year, and the questionnaire only listed a few simple items (name of parents, total population of the family, how many can be cultivated, how many cannot be cultivated, how many are specialized in industry and commerce, how many fields are cultivated, and how many fields should be divided).The investigation procedure is that the township government convenes a "Field Dividing Conference", and each family has a representative. After discussing the method of dividing the land, they conduct an on-the-spot investigation (many tables are set up in the venue, representatives from each small village gather around a table, and everyone makes a report. record), send it to the township government for verification, and divide the total population from the total number of fields to get the number of points for each person, and announce it on the thoroughfare.From investigation to announcement, it only takes four days (one day for investigation, two days for settlement, and one day for announcement).The rest is the actual distribution, that is, from the fifth day onwards, each township government will send more than a dozen instructors to each village to check whether the field is fat or thin, and to check whether the report on the first day's investigation site is correct.Understand clearly, implement distribution, draw more to make up for less, and determine the boundaries.This kind of work of testing and making up for it is more troublesome, and there are many struggles in it, so it takes a week or so.With this method, from investigation to allocation, it can be completed in no more than two weeks at the latest.This is the method used in the northern half of the county.

(10) A word "flat" In the township land distribution meetings, the issues discussed were: should the township be the unit or the village? The standard distribution of population or the standard distribution of labor force? )? False reports are not allowed, and how should false reports be punished? As for the confiscation standard, there is no need to discuss it, because once the red flag is raised, it is the announcement of land confiscation, and there is no need for any written announcement.The simple question is how to distribute this large piece of land.Obviously, the Hirata doctrine, which divides the total land by the total population, is the most straightforward and most supported by the majority of the masses. The few who are unwilling (landlords and rich peasants) dare not say a word of fart under the threat of the masses.Therefore, the word "ping" includes two meanings of confiscation and distribution. (11) People who resist Hirata In Fengshan Township, Shuangqiao District, there was a small landowner surnamed Liu who plowed his own fertile fields and refused to give them away. What he took out were only bad fields.When the masses forced him to take it out, he said angrily: "I won't take it even if I'm killed!" The township government couldn't solve it.The county government sent people to Fengshan to suppress him, and the fertile fields were taken out.In Niudouguang, South Eighth District, there are rich peasants and small landlords who refuse to provide good land.The township government was afraid of them and did not dare to make decisions. People from the county government went to convene a mass meeting, and only then forced the rich peasants and small landlords to do so.Mei Yuankun, a small landlord in Datian Township, Shuangqiao District, had his house burned down by the reactionaries, thinking that he had contributed to the revolution.When the masses wanted to divide his fields, he said viciously: "Divide the fields! You've got a hard head!" The masses informed the county government, and the county government asked the district government to arrest him.The head of the district government, Mei Lisan, is a member of the Communist Party. Because he is of the same family as Mei Yuankun, this matter was sealed up.Mei Yuankun denied saying that, Tian still separated and let it go.There are also Lin Mou, the person in charge of the government of Huangtangdu Township in Shuangqiao District, and Lin Mou, the person in charge of the government of Xuxi Township (he is also a member of the Communist Party).The masses said, "The people who do things get good land, but what we repair is bad land." They were very dissatisfied, and their fighting spirit was depressed.The county government withdrew the two people's good fields to supply the masses, and the masses were happy.In the above examples, except that Mei Yuankun's family opposed the confiscation of his land, the rest were not a matter of confiscation, but a matter of fat and thin distribution.Therefore, whether or not the rich peasants are confiscated is not considered by the masses to be a problem.What became a problem among the masses was a struggle over the distribution of fat and thin, which was the center of the land struggle, that is, the struggle between rich peasants and poor peasants. (12) Total distribution of original farming "Taking the township as the unit" refers to the population unit, not the land unit.Land cannot be restricted by region.People from Township A cultivated fields in Township B, people from Township B also cultivated fields in Township A, and people from Township One cultivated land in neighboring townships.At the borders of districts, counties, and provinces, farmers cultivate the land alternately.Therefore, it is considered unambiguous that the people in a township took the land they had cultivated in their own township and neighboring townships, and distributed them equally.The same is true for land distribution in Xunwu. (13) How the riots dealt with the land after Maita There are three treatments.The first type is currently practiced in the northern half of Xunwu County (the southern half of the county divides the fields before Matian, there is no such problem), the upper file (also called "Zaozi") returns to the original farming, and the lower file (also called "Fan") son") to the new household.The rich peasants will not suffer from this method, but all the poor peasants who cultivate little land and the landlords and hooligans who do not cultivate land are not satisfied.Landlords and hooligans in particular felt helpless.Rents can no longer be collected, and landlords cannot get grain.Gambling was abolished, and there was no money to borrow, and the hooligans lost the source of income for food.The second is that the new household helps the original farm with money, and the upper file also goes to the new household to get the grain.This method is divided into more help and less help.Yuan Geng is naturally satisfied with more money, and Yuan Geng is not satisfied with less money.But the poor peasants and hooligans started talking about it, and some even said: "How many families are gone, and you have no strength?" Are you also reluctant to part with things? Xunwu law does not recognize this method, but farmers have people who do it freely.For example, there are poor peasants in the urban areas who don’t have enough food to give some money to the rich peasants, and ask the rich peasants to let him harvest the upper-level allotment. Quite a few people do this.The third is to reap the harvest no matter who divides the upper and lower tiers. There are people in Pingyuan County, Guangdong. (14) Whether non-farmers should share their fields Hooligans in the county seat are allowed to divide their land if they have some farming ability, but those who have no farming ability are not divided; in all districts outside the county seat, due to the small number of hooligans, all fields are allocated.Those who have no reliable income in industry, commerce, and education are allowed to allocate land, and those who have reliable income in counties and large towns are not divided, and those who are insufficient can make up part of it.Red Army soldiers and revolutionary professionals not only divided the fields, but the Soviets mobilized peasants to cultivate them for them.Landlords residing in the township are allowed to divide the land.If monks, nuns, Taoist priests, and missionaries want to change their occupations, that is, if they stop being monks, nuns, Taoist priests, or missionaries, they are allowed to divide the land, otherwise they will not be divided.There are no regulations for fortune-telling and geography, because there are very few, and they are probably divided into fields.There are no monks, nuns, Taoist priests, missionaries, fortune tellers, geography teachers, etc. in Nanban County, and they have all changed their professions.The father of the chairman of the Huangsha Township government died. The monks were invited to do Buddhist work, but the farmers objected.In Xunwuben County, there are very few people who "look at the land", and most of the people who look at the land belong to Xingguo people.There are very few monks, and there are no more than a hundred people in the county.There are two churches of Jesus and Catholicism. There are more than 200 people in a Jesus church in the county, more than 100 people in a Catholic church, more than 100 people in a Jesus church in Huangxiang, 70 to 80 people in a Jesus church in Niudouguang, and about 100 people in a Jesus church in Jitan. , There are about 70 or 80 people in one Jesus Church in Chengjiang, about 700 people in five Jesus Churches, and more than 100 people in one Catholic Church, totaling more than 800 people.The Church of Jesus belongs to the United States. In the past, there was an American pastor in the county town, and Chinese preached in the other four places.The Catholic Church belongs to Germany and has a Chinese priest.The composition of believers, widows (including poor peasants) and old women (landlords) accounted for 30%, tricky gentlemen and their families accounted for 30%, weak farmers accounted for 20% ( Peasants with strong houses and big surnames do not join the religion), young intellectuals from landlord background and no future make up 10 percent, and the rest 10 percent.Perhaps there are no more than two parts to education: one part is very bad, and the other part is very weak.The bad ones are not hooligans, but those treacherous and sinister people who want to be overlords in the countryside. They join the religion to use it to achieve their own goals.The other is the poor and weak people who are oppressed and seek protection. Their purpose is to avoid disaster. (15) Debt Cancellation Issue Divided into debt and account two.Debt is the abolition of usury with more than two interest rates.What should be owed to the merchant is called the account. If it is not repaid before the New Year's Day in the 17th year of the Republic of China, it will be repaid later.Because none of Xunwu's debts is less than two cents, so non-repayment of more than two cents is actually non-payment of the entire debt.Debts borrowed by relatives and friends without interest are still repaid by the masses, but this is very rare.Most of the debts owed to merchants belong to the rich peasant class, and a little bit to the middle peasant.Poor peasants and farm laborers do not have credit from merchants. (16) Land tax Last year, the anti-rent income tax was collected. For every tenth of rent resistance, the tax was doubled. It was implemented in Shuangqiao and Nanba Districts.In February of this year, the expanded meeting of the County Revolutionary Committee stipulated that a land tax of 10% should be collected regardless of rank, and the tax rate would be equal to the rent-resistant income tax.This is a non-gradient (not progressive) tax law.The May County Congress of Soviets adopted the progressive tax law promulgated by the Ganxi Soviet. (17) Women in the Land Struggle Both women and men in Xunwu are the main labor force.Strictly speaking, they take more responsibility for farming than men.Plowing, harrowing, picking dung, and picking rice are mostly performed by men due to physical strength, but they help pick dung, grain, planting, tilling, picking grass, and shoveling the wall of the field. Work such as husking, plowing the fields, and cutting grains are all done by men, and women help; husking, stepping on the reed, drenching the garden, planting vegetables, chopping firewood and mowing, cooking tea and cooking, carrying water for pigs, and managing the head animals ( The six animals are called head animals), washing skirts and shirts, mending shirts and making shoes, sweeping the floor and washing dishes, etc., are done by women and assisted by men.It is women's professional job to raise children, so women's labor is actually more severe than men's.Their work is not fragmented, this one does not stop, and that one comes again.They are appendages of men's economy (feudal economy to early capitalist economy).Although the man has left the status of serf, the woman is still the man's serf or semi-serf.They have no political status, no personal freedom, and their pain is greater than all others.The land struggle developed, and women in many places bravely participated in the struggle. This time, the Second Column of the Fourth Army attacked the reactionary blockhouses in Huangxiang.Where the struggle was victorious, they immediately gained personal self-awareness.At the beginning of the establishment of the township governments, the number of divorce cases received must be counted every day, and most of them were filed by women.Although men also raised it, it was very few.In ten divorce cases, nine were filed by women, but only one was filed by men.Men take a completely opposed attitude on this issue, and a small part of them become passive. "The revolution cuts off all the wives!" This is how they lamented their inability to prevent divorce.Most of this part belongs to the poor peasants.A large part of men are very tough.Zeng Jiaxun, the captain of the Fangtian Red Guards, had a wife, and later seduced another woman.His original wife asked for a divorce, but he refused, saying to her: "My family has people who come in and out. If you want a divorce, you will be beaten to death!" Liu Xuesheng, a rich farmer in Longtu, opposed his wife's divorce. , the chairman said: "She wants to get a divorce, so I cover her. If I cover her, I am willing to die!" Meaning.) Most of these men belong to the rich peasants.The attitude of the government organs to this issue has changed four times.The first time was the resolution of the Peasant Congress in November last year, which did not clearly oppose polygamy, and admitted that those who have a lover after the original wife and the wife does not object are not guilty; they advocated conditional divorce, and the conditions were not very strict. If one party is admitted to be sick, if the woman is oppressed, if the husband and wife have turned against each other and live together for half a year, if the man has been away for a year and there is no news, they are all allowed to divorce; the landlord class can divorce without any conditions.At the same time, outside the law, it is stated that arresting rape is prohibited.After this statement was disseminated, many quarrels between men and women occurred in various parts of Nanban County. The most notable ones were young men and women in Longtu and Hejiaowei Townships (which belong to Nanba District), and almost fought with each other.The reason is that groups of young men from the two villages often molested groups of young women from the opposite village.The young women in the two townships have organized women's associations. With unity, they can relax a little bit about their own hard work (they go up the mountain in groups to cut firewood, which takes longer than usual to return home).At the same time, they gradually began to fall in love with their young male friends (countrysiders), and they "freed" openly in groups on the mountains.They have the same surname in the two villages.By January of this year, because of the rape incident, the masses opposed to the rape incident intervened, and it almost turned into a fight.In addition to the above-mentioned things, almost every village has a wife who finds a new lover, and the wives protest.Under such circumstances, the government came up with a contrary law.In February this year, the expanded meeting of the County Revolutionary Committee made a resolution on the "chastity issue": "Married men and women are not allowed to have sexual intercourse with another man and woman, and those who commit adultery are strictly punished." At the same time, a law was also formulated on the so-called "lover" issue. : "Against the system of polygamy and polyandry. The original husband or wife is not allowed to find another lover without divorce. Those who have made some mistakes in the past should leave immediately and marry only the same one." There is no change in the divorce issue.After this resolution was issued, disputes stopped, and the serious situation at that time was dealt with unanimously, breaking the enemy's "advance and suppression".The county seat was occupied on May 2, and at the same time the Fourth Army of the Red Army occupied the reactionary northern half of the county and mobilized the masses in Huichang, Anyuan, and Pingyuan.Under such circumstances, the first congress of Soviets in the county on May 6 abolished the chastity resolution of the February meeting. Although it did not explicitly prohibit the arrest of rape, it did not say "severe punishment for private rape".This time, the opinion of the February meeting was adopted on the issue of "lover", and the issue of divorce is no different from the previous two meetings.However, less than a month after the conclusion of the congress, the Third District Soviet Congress greatly changed its resolutions on the issue of "lover" and divorce. Their slogan was "absolute freedom in divorce and marriage". You can also bring it.The area where this case passed was the longest struggle in Xunwu County (from 1928 to the present), and it was also the area where capitalism first invaded. When the Fourth Army arrived, the four counties of Hui, An, Xun, and Ping When the struggle develops greatly.When the case was brought up, the proposer's speech was: "People from the Fourth Army said that conditional divorce contains feudal ideas." After this speech, the case was passed immediately.The urban area is new, and it has been less than a month since the establishment of the regime, and the issue of men and women has already become a scene of joy.One township refused the propagandists sent by the county government. They said: "Comrade! Don't talk about it. If you talk about it, all the women in the village will run away!" In fact, the propagandists promoted "overthrowing the feudal forces" and "fighting The local tyrants divide the land", and the issue of divorce and marriage is also covered by the law, but once it is launched, it is like water and cannot be stopped.A dozen women ran away from a township on the outskirts of the city, and their husbands went to the township Soviet to complain.Under the urgent request of the husbands, the Township Soviet issued a notice, which said: "Ordinary young men and women misunderstand freedom, run away in the dark, and look for love one after another. The original spouse is not abandoned, and the new love returns. It is like this to be cultivated, like a donkey Not a donkey, not a horse, not a horse, sneaky, neither fish nor fowl..." This notice clearly portrays the voice of adult husbands.But this trend of "nondescript" - the trend of democratic systems replacing feudal systems - cannot be stopped in the end. Women are very fond of land struggles, because they can solve the shackles that they do not have personal freedom.The slogan of freedom of marriage was embraced by almost every class of the unmarried youth.Married adult men of the poor peasant class generally opposed the freedom of divorce, but their attitude of opposition was not the kind of counter-revolutionary tenacious attitude.Their sighs were: "The revolutionaries cut off all their wives!" They went to the township government to ask for a solution, but they didn't dare to beat their wives anymore, even if it was a very disgusting thing.The adult men of the rich peasant and small landlord class are completely different. The kind of "covering the canal" and "beating you to death" are all expressions of their counter-revolutionary arrogance and unreasonableness.As for why the adult peasant men oppose the freedom of divorce (there is no problem with the freedom of marriage)? Obviously, they are for labor. Then, are the peasant men opposed to the emancipation of women to the end? No, especially the poor peasants and farm laborers, they will give women complete emancipation soon after the emancipation of their entire class is completed.The reason why they are afraid of running away from their wives is a kind of thinking that occurred when the land struggle had not yet deepened—when they had not fully seen the results of overthrowing feudal exploitation.As long as the agrarian struggle deepens, their attitudes towards marriage will change drastically. According to the "Mao Zedong Rural Investigation Collected Works" published by People's Publishing House in 1982. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] The Ningkang survey was conducted by Mao Zedong in November 1927.The Yongxin investigation was conducted by Mao Zedong in the spring of 1928. [2] Jiang refers to Chiang Kai-shek.Gui refers to Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, the warlords of the Guangxi family.At the beginning of 1929, Chiang Kai-shek dispatched his first group army stationed in Jiangxi, and Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi dispatched their fourth group army stationed in Hunan to carry out the third "conference and suppression" against the Jinggangshan revolutionary base. [3] The Pitou Conference, also known as the February 7th Conference, refers to the meeting held by Mao Zedong in early February 1930 in Pitou, Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province. Joint meeting of the West Special Committee.The meeting determined that the main task of the Jiangxi Southwest party organization was to expand the Soviet area, deepen the agrarian revolution and expand the workers' and peasants' armed forces.On the issue of land, the idea of ​​distributing land according to labor force was rejected, and the method of distributing land according to population was affirmed. [4] The Tingzhou Conference, also known as the Nanyang Conference, refers to the joint meeting of the Front Committee of the Fourth Red Army and the Special Committee of Western Fujian chaired by Mao Zedong in June 1930.The meeting site was first in Nanyang (now Shanghang County) in Changting County, Fujian Province, and then moved to Tingzhou City.The meeting discussed political, military, economic and other issues.On the issue of land distribution, in addition to affirming the original principle of "extracting more to compensate for less", the principle of "extracting fat to compensate for thinness" was added. [5] County Su, the abbreviation of County Soviet Government.During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, the democratic regime of workers and peasants in the revolutionary base areas was commonly called the Soviet government."Provincial Soviets", "District Soviets", "Township Soviets" and "City Soviets" in this volume are the abbreviations of the provincial, district, township and city Soviet governments respectively. [6] Chen Jiongming, see note [2] on page 17 of this volume. [7] Renfeng District, after the establishment of the Xunwu County Soviet Government in May 1930, was renamed Huangxiang District. [8] The March 25 Riot refers to the county-wide revolutionary riot led by farmers and young students led by the Xunwu County Committee of the Communist Party of China on March 25, 1928. [9] Camellia oil, also known as wood oil, refers to the oil squeezed from the nuts of the camellia oleifera tree, which is edible. [10] The battery is called electric oil locally. [11] Ming money, that is, copper coins. [12] Copper sheet, "copper plate" and "copper shell" in this article all refer to copper yuan. [13] "Eating oil cakes", here refers to the behavior of eating dark nana to take advantage of it. [14] The Jingwei Regiment, also known as the Jingwei Corps, is a reactionary local armed force. [15] "Nugu", Hakka dialect, refers to male servants. [16] Lai Shihuang (1889-1927), a native of Shicheng, Jiangxi.He served as the commander of the first division of the seventh army of the Guangdong army, the commander of the fourth division of the Jiangxi army, and the commander of the fourteenth army of the Kuomintang army. [17] Kanyu, as well as "Mr. Geography" and "Mr. Land Watching" in this article, all refer to superstitious professionals who look at residential sites and cemeteries, and are usually called "Mr. Fengshui" and "Mr. Yin and Yang". [18] Danqing, usually refers to painting.This refers to painters. [19] Not (pronounced dun), dialect, refers to the shape of short, thick, chunky. [20] Chazi, and "Muzi" in this article, both refer to the fruit of the Camellia oleifera tree. [21] From "Zhuangzi Foreign Objects".The original text is "When you get fish, forget Tsuen." Tsuen also makes a lottery, a bamboo utensil for fishing. [22] Tongshanshe, a Taoist organization that differentiated from Xiantiandao, originated in Yongchuan County, Sichuan Province in the late Qing Dynasty, and gradually spread to many provinces with the support of the reactionary government. [23] Lin Hu, see note [2] on page 17 of this volume. [24] Xu Chongzhi (1887-1965), a native of Panyu, Guangdong.He served as the commander of the Second Army of the Guangdong Army and the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army. [25] Tang Shengzhi, see note [4] on page 48 of this volume. [26] Fang Benren (18801953), born in Huanggang, Hubei (now Huangzhou City).He once served as the guardian envoy of southern Gansu, the border defense supervisor of Jiangxi and Guangdong, and the military affairs supervisor of Jiangxi. [27] Deng Ruzhuo, from Fuyang, Anhui.He once served as the brigade commander of the Ninth Mixed Brigade of the Beiyang Warlord Army and the commander of the First Division. [28] The reorganization faction is a faction of the Kuomintang.At the end of 1928, Wang Jingwei, Chen Gongbo, Gu Mengyu, etc. were dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's monopoly of power, and established the Chinese Kuomintang Reorganization Comrades Association in Shanghai, known as the Reorganization Clique. [29] "Old tax households" refer to families whose grandparents and parents were already landlords. [30] "Mountain mouse" refers to a landlord who lives in a mountainous area, rarely goes out, and does not care about world affairs. [31] This refers to the number of acres owned by Zeng Chaoqun after the division of the family.Before the separation, the Zeng family brothers shared more than 200 stones in the grain field. [32] The cost of steaming and tasting, that is, the cost of sacrificial offerings. [33] Zaozi refers to early rice with two rice crops a year. [34] Fanzi refers to the late rice that has two rice crops a year. [35] This note was added by Mao Zedong. [36] "When you are stable, you have to come to eat", which means waiting for the rice to cook. [37] Liu Zhilu (1890——?), a Cantonese.He once served as the guardian envoy of Chaomei, Guangdong, and the commander of the Second Army of the Guangdong Army. [38] Youshan refers to the mountainous area where camellia oleifera trees are planted. [39] Liu Shiyi (1886-1982), born in Nanchang, Jiangxi.He once served as the commander of the 7th Jiangxi Independent Division of the Kuomintang Army and the commander of the 15th Brigade of the Fifth Division. [40] Li Yibiao, served as the envoy of the Beiyang warlord Guanghui Hujun, and the commander of the Fourth Army of the Guangdong Army.Huang Renhuan, once served as the commander of the First Division of the First Army of the Guangdong Army.