Chapter 32 Chapter 3 Xunwu's Business-2

The above eleven are used more frequently, while the following are less used. A kind of squid in Gaishi is the best squid, please use it only when you are on the guest.Come from Meixian.I don't use it much, and it costs three to two hundred yuan a year for business.Common squid is called "foreign squid". Caipu is a turnip, similar to a radish, pickled.Come to Xinfeng.Three to two hundred catties are sold every year, and they are only sold after the Dragon Boat Festival, and they will not come once August is over.Two hairs a catty, a little more expensive than pasta. One or two shark fins are rarely used, only ten or twenty catties a year.

Three to two hundred catties of sea cucumber are used every year, which is much bigger than shark fin business, at two yuan eighty-nine cents per catty. Three to two hundred catties of fish maw is used, and the price is about the same as that of sea cucumbers.Generally, if sea cucumbers are used in the noodles, fish maw must be used, so pig skin with fake fish maw is not used. Cuttlefish only cost 40 to 50 catties, and the price per catty is 70 to 80 cents, which is about the same as that of squid. Pillar pins cost about twenty catties, twelve and thirty cents a catty. Dried tribute fish is only sold for ten catties or eight catties, and the price per catty is 20 cents.In the past, it could sell seventy or eighty catties.

Prawns sell for seventy or eighty catties, six cents per catty.Prawns are not very big shrimps. Its name is also called "Xiami", and there are no more than four or two of "Tide Shrimp". Shrimp with extremely small shells are called shrimp shells when they are flattened like shrimp skin.It sold more than a hundred catties.During the Chinese New Year, every family wants tofu with inlaid tofu - dig a hole in the tofu, add pork, fish roe, shiitake mushrooms and shrimp shells, or add some garlic and leeks, chop them into pieces and stuff them in the sauce, which is called inlaid tofu.The price of shrimp shells is more than ten cents per catty.

One catty of sting skin Sanmaozi is not big, twenty or thirty catties per year. The big mussels are called "Oyster Drum", also known as "Xili".The annual sales volume of mussels is forty to fifty catties, with more than three cents per catty.Sealybone didn't sell it. Tianqing is a kind of sea fish, the big one is as big as a fan.The city sells less. From Shanggaishi to Tianqing, there are sea vegetables from Chaoshan. Day lilies are yellow flowers, two hairs a catty, and the annual sales are forty to fifty catties. Cloud ears sell for forty to fifty catties, and ten cents a catty. During the Guangxu period, each catty was no more than fifty cents, which has doubled.Come from Meixian.

Hundreds of catties of shiitake mushrooms are sold.Mushrooms are better, two yuan per catty.Spring mushrooms are bad, one piece costs two or three cents a catty.locally produced. Winter vegetables and cabbage can be made into cans. In the past, they came from Tianjin, and recently they can also be made in Meixian County.More than a hundred cans were sold, and each can was 40 cents. The yuba tofu skin is rolled into strips, and it costs more than 20 cents a catty, and sells for 40 to 50 catties.Xingning is here. Tofu mold is fermented bean curd, from Meixian.It is made of tofu paste, taro, and flour, which is different from that made by ordinary people with dried tofu.

Pepper and white pepper are sold for ten kilograms, and twelve hairs per catty. During the Guangxu period, it was only 40 cents per catty, which was twice as expensive.Black peppercorns sold for twenty or thirty catties, five or six cents per catty, but during the Guangxu period, they were only two cents per catty.All are from abroad. Lanchi boil raw olives, remove the core and mold, and then it becomes Lanchi. Xunwu is called Lanjiao, and Meixian is called Lanchi.Only more than ten catties are sold every year, and the price per catty is more than 20 cents. There are also soy sauces made locally, as well as those from Menling.The small soybeans are steamed, half-dried in the sun, spread out to make them moldy, and then boiled.The boiled water is added with spices and salt to make soy sauce; the boiled beans become bean drums, but this kind of fermented soy sauce is not good.Good tempeh is beans that have been cooked without straining the soy sauce.Both tempeh and soy sauce have a larger business in March, June and September.The monthly sales of fermented soybeans are two to three hundred catties, and the annual sales are more than three thousand catties, at a price of four cents per catty.Soy sauce is sold for three hundred catties every year, at a price of ten and a half cents per catty.

Persimmon flowers sell for hundreds of yuan a year, three copper coins for one small one, and two ten cents for a large one. The annual sales of red dates and black dates are one hundred and zero catties, black dates are four cents a catty, and red dates are two cents a catty. Longan only sells ten or twenty catties a year.Sanmao with shells has more than one catty.The one without the shell is called "Yuan Rou", which is only available in pharmacies for ten cents a catty. Lychees are rarely sold.The price is about the same as longan. Dried carambola can be sold for tens of catties, and four catties are sold for a catty.

Everything from persimmon flowers to dried carambola comes from Meixian. Melon kernels are melon seeds, both Xinfeng and Menling come here, and they sell for two to three hundred catties for three cents a catty. The above thirty-nine types are all businesses of parallel stores.In addition, parallel stores also sell foreign oil and camellia oil. The ups and downs in the parallel store, we must describe its summary: Shunchang Old Store, Shunchang Xingji, Lu Quanyuan, Tang Yaojie, Rong Chunxiang, Luo Jieci, and Zhang Junyi are the largest in the parallel import business.In addition, there are several small stalls selling parallel imports.Among them, Shunchang Old Store and Zhang Junyi are both grocery stores and parallel importers.

Shunchang Xingji is a branch of the old Shunchang store. It is considered the best in the parallel import business. It has a capital of a thousand yuan, and it can pay two to three hundred yuan to Meixian every year.The owner, Fan Zuxian, is a native of the city. There are more than 20 people in his family eating, and the income from the business is only for payment. Lu Quanquan, counting as the second parallel store, is from Meixian, with a capital of more than two thousand yuan.In addition to parallel imports, he also sells tung oil, tea leaves, shiitake mushrooms, and camellia oil, and transports them to Xing and Mei for "Xinggang business".He can also pay a little in Meixian County, because he is from Meixian County and his business is very prosperous, so it is no problem to pay a thousand or eight hundred.He has two parents-in-law and hired two husbands (each with an annual salary of 60 yuan). In addition to paying fees, he earns at least two to three hundred yuan a year.

Tang Yaojie, a native of Jiaoling, has a capital of 2,000 yuan. He has not invited a husband, and he has no money to earn except for fees.In the early years, it was very profitable to start an oil and salt business. The year before last, it lost money and switched to parallel imports. Rong Chunxiang, a local, has a capital of seven or eight hundred yuan.There are dozens of tans of grain fields in the family, and seven or eight people eat.No sir.As for the cost, the business earns money to spend, and the millet at home outside the city is saved, which is the first good parallel store.The Soviet was established and part of his fields were confiscated. Needless to say, he was disgusted.He was very poor when he was young, and he made some money by helping local tyrants manage accounts, and bought some fields to start a business.

Fan Xingfu, the owner of the old shop in Shunchang, is from the same city, with a book of three to four hundred yuan. There are more than ten members of his family, and he hired a husband (salary is fifty or sixty yuan).His grandfather, Fan Yuanfu, was a big landowner with three sons, a family of more than 140 people, and an annual income of 800 dan of grain.Later, they were defeated and the land was scattered. Fan Xingfu's family had only thirty or forty dans of millet fields.Now that the Soviets divide the fields, his family can still share some of them.But his brother Fan Laoba can collect more than a hundred dans of grain, and most of the land will be distributed this year.Lao Ba did not do business.Shunchang Xingji was opened by his grandfather's brother. There were forty or fifty tans of grain fields, and more than 20 people ate them. The Soviets divided the fields a little bit.From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty of the Republic of China, his brothers owned seven shops, including Old Store, Xingji, Daji, Maoji, Junji, Hongchang, and Lufeng, and they were engaged in various businesses in silk, cloth, groceries, and parallel imports. The signboard was very loud, and Ganzhou could pay four to five thousand yuan, which was comparable to that of Guo Yihe at that time.Since the 11th year of the Republic of China, it gradually declined, and by the 14th year of the Republic of China, there were only two old shops and Xingji left.The main reason is that the market has changed—the foreign goods market has replaced the local goods market, that is, the Meixian business has replaced the Ganzhou business, and Xunwunan County no longer needs the supply of Ganzhou local goods.This reason is the same as Guo Yihe's failure.Secondly, because there are many children, they grew up in the families of the feudal economy (big landlords and families of early commercial capitals), prostitution and gambling, eating and drinking, "practicing the tone" (making a fuss), and setting up a family .At that time (10 years before the Republic of China), Chengdong Elementary School in Xunwu (run by some landlords, five yuan a share) was a famous "graduation company".The sons of the landlords in the whole county practice their accents and are useless. They took the money to work in this company for three years and got a diploma. Lied to the ancestors.What does it mean to cheat ancestors? The first is that when you first graduate, the ancestral hall routinely rewards graduates with some money, which is called "grabbing bonuses"; The ancestors and those who have fame are divided into meat.Sixty or seventy of the young masters of the Fan family joined this graduate company.After they graduated, in their big and small courts, apart from grabbing bonuses to get millet, they also divided meat into one category, and got a hundred catties a year. Luo Jieci, a native of the city, has a book of two or three hundred yuan, four people have dinner, does not invite a husband, steams shochu, and sells parallel imports. In addition to expenses, he can earn a head of two hundred yuan (that is, one or two hundred yuan), which is considered a good family. of.He used to be good at whoring, and he stopped whoring after begging for a wife (it cost more than 500 yuan to beg for it). He is honest and hardworking, and the distiller's grains can be used for pigs, so every year is good, and his family has more than ten loads of rice fields. Zhang Junyi, who is a parallel importer and groceries, has a book of 200 yuan, and the rest is borrowed.He didn't invite his husband, and directed his son to do business, earning quite a bit of money every year.He is a local, and he was a porter five or six years ago. He helped the merchants in Xunwu City pick rice seeds or mushrooms to Meixian, and picked cloth and salted fish from Meixian back to Xunwu.He picks things out by himself, and at the same time acts as a husband.This husband's position can make money.The merchants in Xunwu gave him the money to make goods, and both the bosses in Xunwucheng and Meixian gave him money for wine, so he slowly made money. The parallel import business with stalls costs only a few tens of yuan each, and more than a hundred yuan. Their goods are bought from large parallel import stores in the city and passing hawkers.Those who set up stalls can often make a fortune through hard work.There are many stalls and shops in this city, including Pan Jiji, He Xiangsheng, Luo Yisheng, Liu Hengtai, and Fan Laosi.They have a home, but they don't have a store with a facade. They carry their loads to the fairs in the city on the first, fourth, and seventh, and then they drive to the fairs in Jitan with their burdens on the third, sixth, and ninth. They earn some money in this way. (9) medicinal materials There are seven pharmacies in this city, including Baihetang, Yangqingren, Xindesheng, Tianrenhe, Wang Putai, Huang Yuxing, and Fuchuntang. Baihetang is the first one, the owner is Chi, from Chaozhou.He was originally from Huangxiang, surnamed Liu.When he was young, his family was poor, so his parents sold him to a drug dealer named Chi in Chaozhou.Later, he went to Xunwu to open a medicine store, and with a capital of about a thousand yuan, he became the boss.Cantonese businessmen have a saying: "Don't be afraid of talking, just be afraid of being killed." Those who have no sons must buy a son to pass on, just to "fear of being killed".There are also those who buy sons for reasons of labor needs.Ordinary bought it, and made it for the smart and capable; for the stupid, we called it "Nugu"[15].The owner of Baihetang bought it himself, because he was sterile, he bought another son, and then he himself gave birth to two sons, two girls, and seven people including his wife.And with three apprentices.Some money is earned.The business of medicinal materials is very profitable. Weigh in with scales and get out with scorpions.There are two types of crude medicine and tender ingredients. Crude medicine (water medicine) is used to cure diseases, and most people eat it; tender ingredients are supplements, which only rich people can afford.There are prices for tender ingredients, and prices for coarse herbs are negotiated by drug dealers.Among the seven pharmacies, only Baihetang, Yang Qingren, and Wang Putai have tender ingredients. Yang Qingren, from Zhangshu, used to have a book of five or six hundred yuan, but his son gambled a few hundred yuan last year, and now he only has two or three hundred yuan. Wang Putai, also from Zhangshu, with a capital of about 100 yuan, colluded with He Zizhen, the evil gentry of Xunwu, and Father Chen (from Meixian County) of the Catholic Church.Father Chen lent him 400 yuan, and also borrowed 200 yuan from local prostitute Lai Fengzi to open a foreign goods store in addition to the pharmacy.Where did Lai Fengzi get the money? She followed a company commander under Lai Shihuang[16] and returned to Xunwu last year, bringing 300 yuan of illegal money.Wang Putai tried to curry favor with Lai Fengzi and borrowed the money.When the money was borrowed, Wang Putai gave Lai Fengzi many gifts, toilet water, sweat towel, etc. Xin Desheng, whose owner's surname is Du, is also from Zhangshu, and the book is four to five hundred yuan.Tian Renhe, Huang Yuxing, and Fuchuntang are all old cousins ​​of Zhangshu, and they are all 100 yuan copies. For the annual medicinal materials business, Baihetang is worth 3,000 yuan, Qingrentang is 800 yuan, Xindesheng and Tianrenhe are worth 600 yuan each, Wang Putai is 400 yuan, Huang Yuxing and Fuchuntang are worth 300 yuan each, a total of 6,000 yuan. Wang Putai joined the reactionary organization, and he must be present at the reactionary meetings, although he did not appear to be an official.Chen Zhicheng in the grocery store, Bao Huaxiang in the parallel store, and Tong Lai'an in the fire store all interfered with politics through businessmen.The Soviet forces entered the city and all four houses were confiscated. (10) yellow smoke There are two shops in the city that manufacture yellow smoke.A family named Huang Yufeng, from Shanghang, has opened a shop in Xunwu for two generations. Before that, he had a capital of 3,000 yuan, and also sold paper groceries. He made more than 10,000 yuan. He took it back to Shanghang and bought a field. There are thousands of yuan in capital.The other is called Yongquanhao, which also makes its own yellow smoke, from Anyuan, with a book of three to five hundred yuan, and it opened only the year before last. Huang Yufeng hired two workers, one for planing cigarettes and one for packaging.Yongquan hired a worker.The worker's annual salary is 60 yuan.Eat the boss's meal, which is similar to the "sir" in the grocery store.The difference is that the workers have no meat or alcohol on weekdays, and only the first and fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year are held for tooth-stretching offerings, while the husbands eat on weekdays, so there is no special tooth-stretching offering.Meals are also different. The husband often eats at the same table with the boss, and the workers share the table with the boss when there are few workers. If there are a few more workers, the boss will sit at the same table with the husband, and the workers at another table.These all indicate that the status of the husband is higher than that of the worker.Workers generally don't call workers, but call them "Master". Most of the yellow cigarettes in grocery stores and parallel goods stores are bought from such shops that manufacture yellow cigarettes. (11) Tailor There are thirteen companies that use machines, and three that use machines.Liu Qinying, Mrs. Huang, Liao Jiefang, Liu Senhe, Master Liu, Xie Shenbao, Fan Laizi, Xie Qilong, He Xianggu, Master Xie, Huang Laowu, and Huang Shangxian all use machines. Each family has a "car" (i.e. sewing machine).Every boss is also a worker.Each of them has an apprentice, who sews the hem and makes the buckle.The capital of this kind of tailor shop is the cost of buying a machine.The first-class machines cost more than 120 yuan, the second-class machines cost 70-80 yuan, and the third-class machines cost 30-40 yuan (used by others).Before the ninth year of the Republic of China, there was no sewing machine in Xunwu, and everything was done by hand.In the ninth year of the Republic of China, there was a master He from Xingning who bought a machine for the first time and opened a shop.He originally opened a shop in Liuche, but moved to the county seat in the ninth year of the Republic of China.Because he was "very good at scissors" (people in Xunwu said that tailors stole cloth, not that he was stealing cloth, but that he was very good at scissors), and he was good at prostitution, so he couldn't stand up, so he took his car back to Xingning.The year before last (1928) there were only four, but last year it increased to thirteen, some of which were bought from other people's old cars.Among them, Huang Laowu has the best craftsmanship and the largest business. He colluded with the government and the gentry, packed up clothes and made them, so he made money and bought land.During the March 25 riots, he was reactionary. This time when the revolutionary forces entered the city, he ran away with the reactionaries.For the style of clothes, in the ninth year of the Republic of China, Master He created and used machines to promote "Shanghai clothes" (broken breasts, rounded corners, and edges).In the twelfth year of the Republic of China, the Shanghai dress was abandoned, and a dress with broken breasts, square corners, and large sides was adopted.Last year, I launched the "Guangzhou suit" (seven buttons, four bags and a very long body). A small number of people like to wear this style, but most people still wear it with big sides.Clothes have always been the old-fashioned "big-breasted clothes". Starting from Xingxin School, new clothes with broken breasts began to appear. By the 1978 of the Republic of China, new clothes gradually increased.But until last year, taking the population of the county as an example, there were still more old clothes and fewer new clothes.In the past two years, especially after the victory of the Agrarian Revolution, there have been more and more new clothes, especially among young people.Young students, needless to say, have new clothes, young peasants and young workers, most of them also have new clothes, unless they are very poor and have no money to make clothes, they still wear old clothes.Among the youth masses, shoes in particular have undergone a noticeable change.Last summer, Nanban County won the victory in the anti-rent campaign, and in winter the fields were divided. More than seven tenths of the young people under the age of 30 in the countryside wore rubber-soled shoes and sports shoes (the soles of these shoes were made from Guangzhou shipped it to Xingning, and Xingning made shoes, about ten cents per pair).The staff of the Red Guards and the Soviets not only wore new-style clothes and shoes, but also wore a torch, a scarf, and some of them wore jacket trousers with thin feathers. There are still three handmade sewing shops in the city. The comparison between handwork and a car is: in the time it takes to do one piece by hand, the car can do almost three pieces.Comparison of wages: Each set of shorts is handmade for 70 cents, and machine is made for 60 cents.Comparison of goods: the car is better than the one made by hand.How can machines not drive away manual work? There are sewing machines in Jitan, Chengjiang, Shipaixia, Chetou, Niudouguang, Liuche, Huangxiang (which adopts machines earlier than any other place), fairness, Huangtangdu, and Cenfeng, which are important fairs in the county. Thirty percent of the county's population has abolished handwork and adopted machine-made clothes, especially in the southern half of Xunwu County, where the speed of mechanization is even faster. (12) Umbrella Peng Wanhe and Li Xiangren made paper umbrellas.Peng Wanhe is from Wuping. He has opened an umbrella shop in Xunwu City for more than 100 years.When I first came to Xunwu, I only had one or two hundred yuan as capital. I gradually made money making umbrellas. Before the March 25 riots of the year before last (1928), I had a total of more than two thousand yuan in capital including land.The fifth son of the owner, Peng Shengxiang, and his father, Peng Shengxiang, bought 60 tans of grain fields at the back of the field outside the south gate of Xunwu more than ten years ago, and built a new house.The third and seventh brothers of his family lived in Tianbei.He owns an umbrella business in the city.The fields on the back of the fields are leased to farmers for farming, and the annual rent is five tenths.There were seven brothers in his family, but four died, and there were three more brothers, six sons, nephews, a mother, three wives, and five daughters-in-law. A total of eighteen people ate.The son is studying in the elementary school.Among the three brothers, he is an umbrella maker and he is thirty years old.Two workers were hired.His brother Lao Qizi, in his twenties, had studied in the Zhongshan Middle School run by the revolutionaries for more than 20 days. When he encountered the March 25 riots, the reactionaries charged him as a "thug" and confiscated his field back. Family property, burn the house on the back of his field.Both the third child and the seventh child graduated from Chengdong School, but the third child studied at the Chengdong School in the era of the "graduation company", while the seventh child, the Chengdong School had already been remodeled, that is, run by the revolutionary Zhongshan School School it's time.Therefore, after Lao Qi graduated from Chengdong School, he also entered Zhongshan School and joined the "thug" team.The third child has been working as a primary school teacher in Wuping after graduating from the east of the city, and now the seventh child has also gone to Wuping.Lao Wu's shop now only has a capital of forty or fifty yuan.In the era of his father Peng Shengxiang (the reign of Guangxu), paper umbrellas were still very popular. At that time, 30% of the umbrellas used in society were foreign umbrellas, and 70% were paper umbrellas.From the Republic of China to the present, it happened to be in one direction: foreign umbrellas accounted for 70%, and paper umbrellas only accounted for 30%.Regardless of urban and rural areas, regardless of industrial, agricultural, and business studies, almost all "younger families" and "young women" wear umbrellas.Umbrellas come from Meixian and Xingning, so Liuche and Niu Douguang from Nanban County in Peng Shengxiang's time would go to Pengdian in the county town to buy paper umbrellas, but now they all go to Meixian and Xingning to buy foreign umbrellas.Peng Wanhe used to make 3,000 paper umbrellas for sale every year, but now he only makes 1,200 to 300 umbrellas a year.In the past (the reign of Guangxu), Pengdian employed six or seven workers, but now it only employs two.The price of an umbrella used to be 25 cents each, but now it is 45 cents. Li Xiangren is an old cousin from Nankang, in his forties, an umbrella worker, and became a boss in the early years of the Republic of China.Forty or fifty yuan, about 2,000 umbrellas are produced every year, and two workers are hired, one is to cut the bone, and the other is to cut the paper, and he oils it himself. There are two kinds of foreign umbrellas: feather silk umbrella and foreign cloth umbrella.Feather silk umbrellas are Japanese products, and China cannot make them.The foreign cloth and iron frame of the foreign cloth umbrella are also imported, and the Chinese stretch it and add an umbrella handle.Feather silk umbrellas cost a little more than one yuan each (that is, more than one yuan and fifty cents), and each foreign cloth umbrella costs two or three yuan.The sales ratio of paper umbrellas, foreign cloth umbrellas and feather silk umbrellas is: 30% each for paper umbrellas and foreign cloth umbrellas, and 40% for feather silk umbrellas. There is no one in the umbrella industry to learn from apprentices.Take Xunwu City as an example, not only now, but in the past ten years, no one likes to learn how to make umbrellas.Its reasons are nothing more than: 1. The future of the umbrella industry is hopeless; 2. Apprentices in umbrella shops are harder than apprentices in grocery stores. They only learn to make umbrellas when they are 13 or 14 years old, and they have to cook for a whole shop. , I have to buy vegetables, sweep the floor, and pick up all the miscellaneous things in the workshop. (13)Woodware In the past, there was only one family, Hu Donglin, from Ganzhou, with a business of four to five hundred yuan. It has been in business for more than 20 years. It manufactures and sells various wooden utensils, such as tables, stools, chairs, tables, beds, footbaths, hangers, buckets, cabinets, basins, etc. Urine buckets, trays, signboards, plaques (for rewarding gods, celebrating birthdays, odes, etc.), couplets, book boxes, suitcases, closets, blackboards and other utensils for schools, carrying boxes and grids for gifts, etc. The woodware store is considered a big one, and his woodware is not only sold in the urban area, but also sold in various districts and counties.But the wooden utensils in his store are not mainly for the poor workers and peasants, but for the landlord class, middle businessmen and rich peasants, because the workers and peasants can't buy those things from him, unless they buy some small suitcases and small cabinets from him for their daughters. kind.His family is very bitter, in Ganzhou.Twenty years ago, he came from Ganzhou to find gangsters to do carpentry. He saved some money and opened a small wood shop, which gradually developed. He hired four or five workers in his prime, earned thousands of dollars, and paid half of the money to go to Ganzhou. There are four or five hundred yuan left for business.Since 1928, there was not much business. There was only one worker left, who did it by himself, and his son helped a little, just to catch the mouth.The reason for its decline lies entirely in the Agrarian Revolution.There was no revolution in the northern half of the county, and it was also affected by the revolution.The landlord class and other wealthy people stopped celebrating birthdays, and stopped celebrating and celebrating. Rewarding gods and singing meritorious deeds also stopped, and most of the schools were closed. How could his business not decline? The styles of his wooden utensils are all old-fashioned for feudal landlords, but there are also some progressive styles, that is, school and church utensils.He has contacts with Pastor Bao of the Gospel Church.The construction of the Gospel Church outside the South Gate and the church hospital, as well as the timber parts and woodwork, were contracted by him. His relative, Xue, invited ten people to a "monthly bid" meeting last year. Each person paid five yuan, starting at fifty yuan. The two fathers and sons did it, and they lost their money in a year, and they were dying. The wooden utensils used by the workers, peasants and poor people are provided by the market.Every first, fourth, and seventh fair period, there are boards, pails, buckets, foot basins, rice cookers, rice bowls, rice spoons, water spoons, pot covers, and pouring bowls (vegetable bowls) , the pot that covers the pot), anvils, cutting boards (for cutting vegetables, the round ones are called anvils, and the square ones are called cutting boards), dishwashing basins, and grain baskets (for cutting grains). Heping), grain buckets (for threshing), husking pans (tweezers), stairs, and other things were picked by the craftsmen who "made logs" living in the mountain belly. to sell.Not every fair has all those things, but they are supplied to the fair according to the season and needs.One kind of hulling plate needs to be customized.Windmills can only be built by Master Shanghang.There are about a dozen Shanghang masters in the whole county, and they come from Shanghang once or twice a year.There is only one waterwheel among hundreds of farmers in this county. Because there are many towns in this county, drought is rarely encountered, so there is no need for such things as waterwheels. There are also two coffin shops outside the south gate, each with only 40 yuan, and they make "fire materials" (also called "fire boards") for the poor.Landlords, capitalists, and even tenant farmers and workers with a little money usually hire carpenters to make coffins.Only very poor families, or when they are in a "squeeze" (emergency), will buy this kind of fire material.People who lose or have their things damaged by others often yell like this: "I love to cut off my love! I love to cut off human hair! I caught it with a fire board! I packed it with fire material!" ("Cut" in "Love to cut", The meaning of destroying.) This is to describe the coffins such as fire materials used by those who have no reputation.Rich families hired carpenters to make coffins. Apart from local people, some of these carpenters were from Shanghang, that is, the masters who made windmills, and they also made coffins. (14) Fire shop There are Liu Wanli, He Changlong, Liu Hongxing, Wen Deli, Pan Fali, Pan Jinli, Tang Riheng, Tong Laian, Zeng Jitao, Nine Sisters-in-law, Dazhi Fourth Sister-in-law, Gu Liufang, Liu Yuer (also sells liquor), Gu Yuchang, etc. many.Most of the customers in the fire shop are those who carry the burden, accounting for 80%.Those who sell cattle, those who pack burdens (carrying burdens and looking for life elsewhere), those who come to the city from four townships to file lawsuits, those who go to Ganzhou to study, perform tricks, sell plasters, calculate horoscopes, and monks for alms Those who practice medicine, those who read Fengshui, and those who sing beggar songs (that is, those who sing lotus flowers) account for a total of 20%.Among the 80% of the burden-carrying customers, most of them are chicken and duck customers, and a few are picking cigarette skin customers (tobacco skin is tobacco leaves). You don't need a lot of capital to open a fire shop. You only need a few old quilts, a few thick mats, some rice and firewood, and you can open it.The rent for the shophouse was not paid for several months later. Making money by opening a fire shop depends on making money from those who hold umbrellas and those who wear long gowns.When they come, give them something good to eat, give them a good bed to sleep in, and give them a heavy knock when they are about to leave.When the burden-bearers and other poor people come, the fire money (that is, the rest money) and the food money are lighter.Meals are counted according to the number of bowls, which is much cheaper than that of Changshan Kezi, which is half a cent per bowl (one bowl after another is enough for those who can eat, and half a bowl is enough for those who can't eat).A jug of water and wine is equal to the price of a bowl of rice.There are three copper shells (that is, copper plates) for fire money every night. Because you need to light a lamp and boil water to wash your body, you need fire money.Cover the quilt in cold weather, and get another quilt money, two copper shells per person.The profit from selling wine and rice in the fire shop is 40 cents for every 10 cents.To be honest, those who run a fire shop still rely on pigs to make money, because the bran, rice soup and snacks in the fire shop are often available. The opponents of the fire shop are the police and the police at the gate of the yamen. Because the police and the police want to interrogate, they often use the interrogation to make things difficult for the customers. went.If it is under martial law, you will also be subject to the unreasonable flying disaster for not answering properly.Because of this, the guests are afraid to go to the fire shop in the city. Before it is dark, they will stop at places three to ten miles away from the city, such as Huanglong, Heling, Changju, and Xinzhai. The business of the fire shop will be greatly affected. Among fire shops, Tonglai'an shop is reactionary.The owner, Chen Dengqi, was born as a poor peasant. His family lived in Liuche and was so poor that he had no food to eat. Because he knew how to fight with two hands, he taught it in the countryside around Liuche.In the 1978 of the Republic of China, he went to the county to work as a bailiff. In the 14th year of the Republic of China, he opened a Tonglai'an store, which doubled as an oil dealer.Because of his collusion with the government and the friendship with Chen Tufeng, the evil gentry who stayed in cars, he protected the county magistrate Xie Yin from danger during the March 25 riots. He was appreciated by Xie, and the political power was restored.He led a team of soldiers to take money from people in the Shuangqiao area, and burned the houses of the revolutionary masses.Magistrate Xie left, and he returned to the fire shop.This time the Soviets confiscated his house. (15) Tofu In Xunwu City, which has less than 3,000 people, there are more than 30 tofu shops.Nine out of ten meals in Xunwu City require tofu.The reasons for eating tofu are, one is cheap, and the other is convenience.The villages in Xunwu also like tofu very much, not as much as in Xunwu City, but it still accounts for half of the food. Two and a half liters of beans make a table of tofu, the price of two and a half liters of beans is 50 cents, and the price of a table of tofu is 6.50 cents, earning 1.5 cents.The so-called "a table of tofu" is forty-six pieces of dried tofu, seven yuan per piece for retail sales, and one piece for three copper shells.If it is small dried tofu, it costs 92 yuan per table, 14 yuan per hair, and 2 yuan for three copper shells.There are four types of tofu: water tofu, pan-fried tofu, dried tofu, and boganzi.Water tofu sells the most, followed by fried tofu and dried tofu; thin dried tofu is the least, because only people use it for good deeds.To make money by opening a tofu shop, the main thing is to raise pigs with tofu dregs.Because usually only one table of tofu can be sold every day, and only two tables can be sold under special circumstances, and only half a cent to three cents can be earned every day.Raising pigs can raise two "pig mother scallops" every year, and each can pay 30 to 40 yuan.If it is livestock, each store can raise four pigs a year, about 400 catties, and the cost is 100 yuan.But livestock and pigs need more rice, which is not as cost-effective as livestock pigs. The tofu business is a "home business", that is, grinding tofu while plowing the field. Grinding tofu is not easy.As the saying goes: "Quick learning is difficult to master." Another cloud: "Steam wine and grind tofu, dare not call it master." (16) haircut There are eight barbershops in the city.Before the first year of the Republic of China, the utensils were all old-style, and all the decorations were braids.From the first year of the Republic of China, foreign scissors (wielding scissors and wool scissors) began to be used. The style was all monk's head, and nothing else.In the second year of the Republic of China, "Oriental clothing" began to be popular, and there were no large mirrors, chemical combs or light iron combs for utensils.In the 1960s and 1970s of the Republic of China, "flat-headed clothing" and "army uniforms" were promoted, but there were still no large mirrors.In the ten years of the Republic of China and the "doctoral attire" from Ganzhou, Xunwu students came to Ganzhou to study this new style.In the twelfth year of the Republic of China, large mirrors with a width of eight or nine inches and a length of two or three feet began to appear, and the "single stool" with a length of one foot and four feet was replaced with a rattan chair with a backrest, and light iron combs began to be imported.These new utensils are all from Meixian.During the Great Revolution in the 15th and 16th year of the Republic of China, chemical combs began to be imported.The style of oriental dress has disappeared, and doctor's uniforms have almost disappeared, but the flat-headed and army uniforms that were popular among students and businessmen have become popular among young workers, peasants and poor people. "Ben dress", "flower flag dress" and "round head dress" (Meixian people ridicule this kind of dress as "Siam pomelo") are new tricks, popular among petty bourgeois students (this crowd is accepting capitalist culture and opposing landlord culture).Wenfu is also called "suit", and Citi suit is American suit. Its origin is from Nanyang to Meixian, and from Meixian to Xunwu.Now in county towns and other large towns, it can be said that there are no people with shaved heads.Among the rural farmers, most of them have shaved heads.Among the entire population, those with new styles such as crew cuts and army heads are only a small part, and this small part belongs to the young people. The price of a haircut is 10 cents for a shaved head and shaved head, 1.5 cents for all kinds of new clothes, and 50 cents for a shave. It costs forty or fifty yuan to open a barber shop. Master usually asks for two, one less, and at most three.The wages are at least 30 to 40 yuan for half a year, usually 50 to 60 yuan, and up to 80 yuan.A barber shop with a good business can do business for one yuan per person per day. Generally, one boss and two workers can earn an average of three yuan a day, and about a thousand yuan a year.The expenses are more than 100 yuan, and the rest belongs to the boss. Then the food (75 yuan per person for four people), shop rent (about 30 yuan) and equipment consumption (less than 100 yuan) can earn 400 yuan. Inside and outside (the boss's own salary is included).What about the consumption of this sum of money? It is the boss's prostitution and gambling. Barbers and tailors, regardless of workers or bosses, seldom save their earnings to make a fortune. The reason is that most of these two kinds of people are smart, good at prostitution, gambling, and good food.Why are these two kinds of people like this? Probably because of their low social status.In the former Qing Dynasty, the society saw the barbers as "lower class".In other places, the social status of seamstresses is also very low.Although seamstresses have wives, they are still prostitutes.Eight out of ten barbers have no wives.These wiveless people don't feel pain, they are very happy on top of whoring. "The lower nine streams" refers to the "upper nine streams".The next nine streams are: one cut (toe cut), two beats (back shot), three blows (drummer), four dozen (throwing cigarette guns), five tea picking (a chorus of men and women singing tea picking), six singing operas, seven messengers, eight head shaving, Nine prostitutes.The upper nine streams are: first-rate doctor, second-rate doctor, third-rate ask divination, four kanyu [17], fifth-rate Danqing [18] and sixth-rate craftsman, seven monks, eight methods and nine qin chess. (17) Blacksmithing Three blacksmith shops, Master Ye, Master Yang, and Master Li.Master Yang is from Anyuan, and Ye and Li are both from Yudu. Each family has a capital of fifty yuan or so.Those who beat are bamboo knives, hatchets, axes, hoes, iron shovels (that is, rake heads), Yuntian rakes, rakes (big rakes, dragged by cattle), silver carp planers, spear darts (Xunwu dialect "尥子", Meixian It is called "picking pen", Dongjiang is called "sharp string"), knife hemp (kitchen knife), spatula (for cooking), shovel (for planing pot head), tongs, fire shovel, shackle (for carrying water), iron Spoon (for scooping rice and oil), various iron implements for carpenters (all kinds of iron planes, various chisels, shovels, hammers, stool pliers, horn drills, cutting knives), iron rulers (for making shirts and pressing cloth) ), Cotton Knife (for tailoring), Saber, Guan Knife, Double Knife (Clip Knife), Small Snatcher (small handle), Iron Nails, Door Knife (for door-to-door use), Iron Hoop.Except for the saber, guan knife and double knife, all household utensils are sold near the city.Blacksmiths and blacksmithing methods are all old-fashioned. Iron is produced in Huangshashui in the south chamber of the city, Tiejiashui and Shitongkeng in Shuangqiao District, and Chetou, Hengjing, and Dapijiao in Nanba District. There are furnaces, cast iron, and pot heads in each place. , plowshare, plow wall (plough).The cast iron is not only sold in the county, but most of it is also sold to Huizhou, Shilong, and some to Menling.In addition to being sold locally, about half of the pot heads are sold to Huichang and Ganzhou, and a small part is sold to Chaoshan.Plowshares and plowwalls are sold in this county.Each stove needs to pick charcoal (sound charcoal is charcoal, which is used in cast iron and cast pots, and about 20 people are selected), charcoal burners (burning charcoal with wood, three people per kiln, five kiln charcoal for one iron furnace, a total of 15 people), sand transporters (iron sand fell from the landslide, farmers pick up and sell and make stoves, this kind of workers are inconvenient to count), and workers in the furnace factory (ten people cast pig iron for blast furnaces, and cast iron for frying furnaces) Twelve people for wrought iron, twelve people for casting the pot, one fireman, and three people for sitting in the cupboard and walking), a total of 200 people are needed for a furnace of cast iron.Each stove requires a capital of 1,000 yuan for cast iron alone, 1,000 yuan for a single cast pot head, and 2,000 yuan for both cast iron and cast pot heads. The major expenses are sand and charcoal, followed by food and wages for workers.Furnace factories are either exclusive or joint ventures.The wages of the workers are 12 cents per day for the master (foreman), 30 cents for the workers, and the boss for food.Sitting in the cabinet is 70 yuan per year.Masters and workers are counted on a daily basis, a day at work is counted as a day, and sitting in a cabinet is counted on a yearly basis.There are also divine blessings, red envelopes, and reciprocal money, all of which are paid by the boss to the workers.The master's status is very high, if the treatment is not good, he will play tricks, and the business will lose money.师父会做的每年可得工资五百元。每间炉厂每年能生产四千元，六个厂二万四千元。民国以前没有洋铁来或来得少，工价又便宜，寻乌的铸铁生意比现在大，会做的炉厂每年能生产二万元以上。前清时虽只有两间炉厂，却共能生产四万余元。现在炉数加了，每间炉厂的产量却减少了，主要原因是工钱贵(工钱贵是因外来工业品贵)和洋铁侵入。 铁价现在比三十年前(光绪二十五六年)贵两倍，那时生铁每担(四十斤左右)最贵不过十一毛，现在却是三十二毛了，即需八分钱买一斤生铁。三斤生铁打成一斤熟铁，价五毛。 本城三个打铁店，两个于都人，一个安远人。乡下打行炉的通通是于都人。于都铁工很多，三千七八百座炉子出门，高炉每座四个人打，矮炉三个人打，共有铁工一万三千左右。他们打铁在江西，而且打到福建、广东，打到南洋去的也有。 (18) Firecrackers 一间爆竹店，钟老板，会昌人，几十块钱本，开了六七年。自己及请的一个师父共两个人做，每年做得四五百元生意。老习惯大年初一那天大放其爆竹，寻乌的小小商店每家也要放两块钱。今年初一反动政府宣布戒严，不准放爆竹，不但年初一，平日也不准放，爆竹生意因此大减。南半县农民暴动区域彻底破除迷信，也不要爆竹了。因此不但本城钟老板的爆竹生意减少了，从前梅县和门岭两方输入寻乌的爆竹，近来也停止了。 (19) Jewelry 寻乌的妇女们也和别的封建经济没有彻底破坏的地方一样，不论工农商贾，不论贫富，一律戴起头上和手上的装饰品，除大地主妇女有金首饰外，一概是银子的。每个女人都有插头发银簪子和银耳环子，这两样无论怎么穷的女子都是要的。手钏和戒指也是稍微有碗饭吃的女人就有。银也是个名，实际是洋铁皮上面涂一点银，有些是铜上面涂一点银。打这种首饰的店子本城有七家之多，每家只要几十元做本。他们的首饰，一部分是人家来定做的，一部分是用个小匣子装着背往四乡去卖的。七家首饰店中，有四家是一个老板、一个工人、一个徒弟三个人做事，一家是四个人做，一家是两个人做，另一家只一个人做。学徒制度与理发业差不多，不过工作更苦些，穿的衣服也更烂一些。 (20) Hitting iron 一家，刘俊记，兴宁人。前年来本城开店，以前无所谓洋铁。三几十块钱本，一个老婆、一个徒弟和他自己三个人。材料是洋油瓶，做的是小洋铁灯呀(不[19]灯)，盛洋油的壶子呀，盛茶油的壶子呀，舀油的勺子呀，烧茶吃的壶呀，洋油透子呀(滤子)，酒透子呀，盛茶叶的瓶子呀，各种小盒子呀等等日用必需品。所以，这样一个洋铁店乃社会需要的。生意也很赚钱，三个毛子一只洋油瓶，从本城、吉潭、三标、澄江、牛斗光等处杂货店里收了来，做成洋铁器以六个毛子卖出去。此次红军进城，刘俊记不知何故跟着反动派跑了。 (21) Watch repair 也是一家，叶公昌，梅县人，除工具外，十把块本钱，专门修理钟表。全县除本城一家外，牛斗光还有一家。两家都是前年(一九二八)开的。寻乌全县有十二万人，百分之二的有了钟表，共有钟或表二千四百个，所以需要一两家修理钟表的店子。 (22) fair business 寻乌城还是个店铺生意和圩场生意并行着的城子。以寻乌情形说，圩场生意代表半自然经济，店铺生意代表商品经济。店铺生意与圩场生意的比例是:店铺占百分之七十，圩场占百分之三十，可见商品经济势力超过自然经济很远了。 圩场生意的要项如下: The first is rice.米生意全在一、四、七圩期做，店铺不做这门生意。米不但是本城许多人要的(本城人口中农民部分自己有米)，而且运到广东去。梅县人或大柘人挑来一担盐，兑一担米回去，叫做“盐上米下”，因此米生意比寻乌城一切生意大。寻乌城的大宗生意是第一米，第二盐(年十万元以上)，第三布匹、洋货(十万元)，第四豆(二万余元)。米价，光绪二十六年每担(一百七十二斤)四元，民国元年五元，民国十六年旱灾有过十六元，本年红军未到八元五毛，既到七元。 第二是柴火。木炭、水炭子、片柴、把子柴、蕗基，从四乡挑来“赴圩”。木炭(响炭)价，光绪二十六年每百斤五毛，民国元年到十七年每百斤八毛到十二毛，去年因雨多每百斤涨到二十二毛，现每百斤十六毛。片柴价，光绪二十六年每担(七十斤)一毛七八，民国元年二毛二三，民国十年到十六年四毛，民国十六年到现在五毛到六毛。 第三猪肉。前头店铺生意中已讲了的三个案子，其实应该讲在圩场生意里面，因为是圩场上的生意。 第四猪子。细猪子(两个月的)和猪条子(三四个月的)都没有行，都在圩场上买卖，每圩约三十个，每月九圩共二百七十个上下。现细猪子每斤三毛，猪条子二毛，大肉猪二毛五。为什么猪条最便宜呢?因为猪条子是四五十斤一个，不是很没有钱用的人不肯拿了出卖的，但迫得拿了出卖时，人家就卡他的价钱了，他也只得忍痛丢手。 第五鸡鸭。本地四乡来圩上零卖的，为数不多，平常每圩鸡鸭两门十把二十只，也有时一只都没人要的，这证明了寻乌城之苦。过年过节每圩可销百多只。价钱，鸡每斤四毛半，鸭三毛。 第六竹木器。木器在圩场出卖的部分已在前面店铺生意中木器项下附带讲过了。现在讲竹器，谷箩、谷笪(笪读达，即晒簟)、畚箕(挑灰粪下田的)、鸡鸭笼、猪笼、篮子、橐子(盛米果等零碎东西的)、磨栏(即栏盘)、糠筛、簸箕、睡床(睡椅)、撮箕、竹椅、灶捞(捞箕)、筷子、扫把、洗锅把、掇耳子(即鸢箕，比畚箕小)、角箩(小孩子装米果吃的小箩子)、篓(即鱼篮，摘茶子[20]也可用)、河子(即“得鱼忘签”[21]之签，别处曰篆)、茶篮、签麻(斗篷)、菜篮、晒篮等等竹器，通通在圩场上卖。 第七小菜。芥菜、芹菜、苋菜、蕌头、脉子、芥蓝菜、蒜子、苦瓜、冬瓜、南瓜(丝瓜)、节瓜、甜瓜、黄瓜、西瓜、番莆(南瓜)、茄子(广东人叫吊菜)、凤菜(又叫空心菜，别地叫蕹菜)、芋子、莆子、萝卜、韭菜、葱子、茼蒿菜、白菜、菜头(芥菜头)、当机(即刀豆)、辣椒、雪豆、彭皮豆(扁豆)、豆角、八月角(八月豆)、老虎豆、树豆子、青豆芽、黄豆芽、马齿、黄芽白，以上各种小菜都由附近乡村供给本城居民。 第八鱼。有鲩、鲢、鳙、虾子、鲤、鲫、黄鳝、泥鳅、虾蟆、虾公、元鱼(脚鱼)、河鱼子、“抢”等等。普通市上卖的只有鲩、鲢、鲤、鲫、黄鳝、泥鳅、虾蟆数种，其余各种不经见。鲩每斤二毛半，黄鳝每毛十两，泥鳅每毛一斤，虾蟆每毛七两。“抢”是少有的大鱼，寻乌城去年曾卖过一个四十斤的，别的地方有七八十斤的，由惠州一带循河上来，个把人淹死在水里，正好做了它的食品。 第九糖。粉、糍粑、那子(粉皮)、板子(软板子、铁练板、铁勺板、豆子板、油果、糖板子、鱼子板、苎叶板、番薯板、印子板各种)。圩期到了，他们就来了，特别是“会景”的时候(迎故事或打醮的时候)来的更多。一两块钱本钱。 第十水果。李子最多，荸荠次之。此外，批杷、柚子、杨梅、柿子、桃子、桔子、柑子各有一些。水果不是很小的生意。 (23) Prostitutes 二千七百人的小城市里，“老货”、“嫩货”有三四十家，什么昌娇呀，月娥呀，钟四妹呀，谢三妹呀，黄昭坤呀，戊秀呀，润凤呀，大观兰呀，小观兰呀，昭娥呀，来昭呀，玉淑呀，五凤呀，亦娥呀，都是这个苦群众里的著名人物。除大观兰、亦娥两个外，都是人们所谓“嫩货”，润凤、戊秀、月娥、五凤、昭坤五个更加著名。 科举未废、文武两考盛行的时候，也有现时这样多的娼妓。科举既废，逐渐减少，光绪三十年左右只有十几名了。往后又渐加多，到现在又恢复科举时代的盛况。南半县革命向北发展，同时红军开抵澄江，娼妓们许多跑下乡去了。她们中间传说，“红军见草不留，扫把都要过斩”，所以她们吓得跑了。 本城娼妓三标人多。寻乌人有句俗话，“三标的货，项山的糯”，就是说的三标女子美丽的意思。 十年之前商业兴盛的时代，商人嫖娼的多，豪绅次之，豪绅子弟(所谓少爷)很少插足。十年以来换了一个地位:豪绅嫖娼的最多，少爷次之，商人嫖的最少了。商人为什么嫖的少了?因为他们的生意不行时了。豪绅为什么嫖的多?他们包了官司打，就以妓家为歇店，长年长月住在妓家，过年过节才回家一转。他们的嫖钱哪里来的?打官司，乡下人拿出一百元，他给乡下人使用二十元，八十元揣在自己的荷包里，这样子得到供给娼妓的费用。少爷们为什么从前没有到城里嫖的，近来有很多嫖的了?“毕业公司”等类的学校兴起来了，少爷们脱离那温暖的家庭走到城里来读书，觉得好生寂寞，娼妓家中少爷们的足迹就多起来了。 (24)同善社[22] 约当光绪二十七八年时，赣州一个绸缎店恒孚号的熊老板(南昌人)到寻乌来开办同善社，他就是所谓天恩先生。那时的善长古鹤甫是个秀才，住在城里，家务也不很好。后来善长改了潘明典，是个拔贡，有千元上下家资，现做九江地方法院书记。郭友梅是光绪二十七八年进的同善社，那时候有社员百把八九十个，以后还进了好多，最盛时本城同善社大概有二百多人。同善社的发源在四川，由那个四川的同善社发出公事到各省开办同善社，各省的政府准许后再向各县开同善社。赣州府的天恩先生是得了南昌省的公事的。他来到寻乌，首先拜会县知事，知事赞成了，出了保护告示，同善社就可以大大地开起来。入社是要经过神明的批准的，一个筒子放些纸坨子，有的写个“准”字，有的就是白纸。同善社的神明叫做达摩祖师，介绍人引导要进同善社的，走到神明面前磕头祈祷之后，伸只手到筒子里拈那纸坨，拈个“准”，便进同善社，拈个白，不能进去。有个屠夫三次都是拈个白的，有个土豪四次都拈个白的，“莫说无神也有神哪”。林虎[23]到过寻乌城，好大一个头，二十八九岁，威武得很。许崇智[24]也曾到过这里。林虎部下营连长有七八个进了同善社，在这里扎了一个多月。进同善社要入社费一元，以后随时捐钱，也不勉强。南昌同善社、四川同善社都有公事来要捐钱，公事上说:“捐了钱，二天到那里去了，簿子上有名字，就可吃得饭哪。”郭友梅捐过南昌三元，四川五元。寻乌社二百多人中有三四十个是女子。他们的成分商人百分之五十，地主百分之二十，农民百分之三十。但所谓农民没有贫农，都是“有碗饭吃的”，“不求人的”。民国七八年省政府来公事要停办同善社，停了一两年。随后唐生智[25]有公事来，说“善菩萨，可以信得，不要取消它”，又办起来。民国十二三年政府又来公事要停，才停止到今。 每天早中晚三次静坐，叫作“做工夫”。做工夫的，两天内不能和女人睡觉，睡了就不灵验。同善社有秘密，做到五层工夫，天恩先生才有秘密讲，郭友梅还只两层工夫，未曾听得什么秘密。四川有个九层工夫的天恩先生到过赣州府，那里同善社每人出两块钱接天恩先生的风。方本仁[26]也到了。同善社每年做两次“龙华会”，社员都到，见人出两毛钱，向祖师磕头，奏鼓乐，吃斋菜。 进了同善社，得些朋友，可以做官。 寻乌县长曾有三个进了同善社，他们和社员们一样到同善社磕头。 (25) Demographic composition and their political status 寻乌这个城，把它的人口成分剖解起来，才知它还完全是一个农业手工业城市。全城近二千七百人的各业比例如下: 职业人口数百分比 农民一，六二○六○ 手工业者二九七一一 游民二七○一○ 娼妓一六二六 商人一三五五 政府机关一○○四 地主七八三 宗教徒二二一弱 共计二，六八四一○○ 看这个表，农民和小手工业者共占百分之七十一，便知这个城市还是以农业手工业为主体，向附城一带耕田的和开小作坊做手工的占着住民的最大多数。所谓手工业者，包括各业手工工人和手工业主，商店的店员也算在内。所谓手工业，就是缝纫店、黄烟店、酒店、伞店、爆竹店、理发店、木器店、豆腐店、首饰店、洋铁店、修钟表店、屠坊店这一些。所谓宗教徒是耶稣教十人，天主教三人，斋公六人，和尚三人，共二十二人。本城纯粹地主十二家，共约七十八人。商人兼地主五家，算在商人里面。商人是指盐行、杂货布匹店、油行、豆行、水货店、药材店、火店等，共计一百三十五人。娼妓是三十余家，三十几个妓女，却养活一百六十二人。不工不农不商，专门靠赌博敲诈、为统治者当走狗吃饭的流氓，他们的人数竟超过商人一倍，和手工业者几乎同等。若把游民和娼妓合计，便等于商人和手工业者的合计，这表示失业群众之多是怎样的可惊。所谓政府机关一百人，是指新的县苏维埃、城区苏维埃两个机关(四十人)，加上县苏赤卫队(六十人)，不是指的旧政府。但是旧政府机关人数也是与新政府人数差不多的。说到这个群众中的领袖部分，即那旧社会的指导阶级，自然不是那总数占百分之八十七的农民、工人、游民和娼妓，他们是被统治者，统治者是那仅仅占人口百分之十三的地主、商人和耶稣教天主教传教士等。商人的商会虽没有多大权力，商人群众中却有几个人参加那统治全县的县政府。不过那几个人也不是完全代表商业资产阶级说话，他们是接受地主的领导，帮着做些事。这也是因为寻乌城商业不但是很小而且是逐年衰落的原故。 商人而能向政界话事的:第一个算何子贞，豆行老板，用个假名出张帖子拿给别人去开。他自己一面教书，一面当公安局长，又当警察队长，又当国民党委员。他父亲承包牛岗税，剥削牛商。他初回寻乌表现的是资产阶级意识，颇有新派之称，后来便与地主妥协了。现逃。第二个是黄光甫，水货店宝华祥的老板，商会的文牍，能到衙门话事。现逃，店没收。第三是火店老板陈登棋，初当法警，升靖卫队长，跑衙门。现逃。第四是杂货店主陈志成，虽没做官，却事事与反动派同谋，有会必与。现逃，店没收。 十二家收租的地主，列举如下: 何德新从前收租五六百石，现收百石，七八个人，仅够开销。乡人和衙门有交涉时要请他话事。他儿子何挺拔，平远中学毕业，新寻派中坚分子。 何成治收三百多石，人少，有三百石出卖，是城内第一个大地主。何成治死，寡妇当家，买个儿子不能话事。 刘佛荣收二百多石，人少，有谷出卖，寻乌城第二个大地主。“水浸牛皮——很吝”，不与外事。 刘段轩只收几石谷。中山派，与何子贞打官司打穷了。他的儿子还在赣州班房里。他的儿子是赣州第四中学毕业，新的城东小学校长。 范老八百多石，有多余。他哥哥开顺昌老店，他在家收租，不走衙门。此次派款三百元。农民没收了他。 范家声百多石，有多，十五六岁，中山学生，被何子贞罚款。此次又被苏维埃派款一千元。 张三玉百多石，有多，寡妇管家，不出面。 邝四嫂几十石，有多，一个儿子，一个孙子，不反动。 吴老四已死，留个寡妇，一个儿子，一个孙子，百多石租，有多，不话事。吴老四光绪年间坐县署征收柜，全县钱粮由他过手。死了四年。 范明才先前开杂货店，歇了十多年了，收八十石，稍有多。民国初年当保卫团总，是劣绅，好嫖，好赌，现跑了。 何祥盛摆摊子出身，做水货生意发财，三二五暴动被罚款，生意关门。他儿子何家常，买来的，梅县东山中学毕业，三二五暴动领袖之一，共产党员，过番去了(往南洋叫“过番”)，现到福建。 何学才何子贞之父，县衙刑房科写口供，后做堪舆，承包牛岗税，买了几十石谷田，是个大劣绅。 以上十二家是纯粹地主(两家中地主，十家小地主)。其中何德新