Chapter 126 Speech at the National Congress of the Communist Party of China

(March 1955) opening speech (March 21, 1955) Delegates and comrades of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China: Our national congress has three agendas: first, the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy and a report on this plan; second, a report on the anti-Party alliance between Gao Gang and Rao Shushi[1]; Third, regarding the establishment of the Central Supervisory Commission. Based on Lenin's theory on the transitional period, the Central Committee summed up the experience since the founding of the People's Republic of my country, and put forward the general line of the Party for the transitional period in 1952, when the recovery phase of our national economy was coming to an end.This general line is to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country within the period of about three five-year plans, and at the same time gradually realize the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce, so as to achieve the goal of building a socialist society in our country.The Party's general line and the various important policies and measures adopted by the Party to realize this general line have been proved to be correct in fact.Relying on the efforts of all comrades in the Party and the people of the whole country, we have achieved great success in our work.But we also have shortcomings and mistakes in our work.Many of our methods cannot be properly prescribed in all aspects, and should be supplemented and revised in the light of new experience in practice.

The first five-year plan for the development of the national economy was a major step in realizing the Party's general line.This National Party Conference should seriously discuss this draft plan on the basis of actual experience, so that its contents can be more appropriate and become a practical plan. In a big country like ours, where the situation is complicated and the national economy originally very backward, it is not an easy task to build a socialist society.We may build a socialist society through three five-year plans, but to build a powerful and highly industrialized socialist country, we need decades of hard work, for example, fifty years, that is, throughout the second half of the century.Our tasks require us to properly handle the relations among the people of our country—especially the relationship between the working class and the peasants, and the relations among the various nationalities in our country; We should develop close cooperation with the Soviet Union, the advanced socialist country, and the people's democracies, and develop cooperation with all peace-loving countries and peoples in the capitalist world.

We often say that we should not become complacent and complacent just because of our achievements in work. We should maintain a modest attitude, learn from advanced countries, learn from the masses, and learn from each other among comrades in order to make fewer mistakes.At this party conference, I still feel the need to repeat these words.In view of Gao Gang and Jao Shushi's anti-Party incidents, arrogance and complacency do exist in our Party, and this sentiment is still serious in some comrades. If we do not overcome this sentiment, it will hinder our goal of building a socialist society. The completion of a great task.

Comrades all know that the emergence of the anti-Party alliance between Gao Gang and Jao Shushi is not an accidental phenomenon, but a sharp manifestation of the fierce class struggle in our country at the present stage.The criminal purpose of this anti-party alliance is to split our party, seize the supreme power of the party and the country by means of conspiracy, and open the way for the restoration of the counter-revolution.The entire party, under the united leadership of the Central Committee, has completely smashed this anti-party alliance, and our party has thus become more united and strengthened.This is a major victory in our struggle for the cause of socialism.

For our party, the Gao Gang and Jao Shushi incident is an important lesson, the whole party should learn from it, and make sure that such incidents do not recur within the party.Gao Gang and Jao Shushi played tricks in the party, carried out secret activities, and sowed discord behind their comrades' backs, but they disguised their activities in public.This kind of activity of theirs is exactly the kind of hideous activity that the landlord class and the bourgeoisie have often resorted to in history.Marx and Engels said in the "Communist Manifesto": "Communists think it is shameful to conceal their views and intentions." [2] We are Communists, let alone senior party cadres, we must To be open and aboveboard, one should openly express one's political opinions at any time, express one's approval or opposition attitude on every major political issue, and absolutely not play tricks like Gao Gang and Rao Shushi.

For the purpose of building a socialist society, the Central Committee believes that it is necessary at this time to establish a Central Supervisory Commission in accordance with the Party Constitution to replace the previous Disciplinary Inspection Commission, so as to strengthen Party discipline in the new period of intense class struggle and strengthen supervision of all kinds of The struggle against violations of the law and discipline, especially to prevent the recurrence of such incidents as the Gao-Rao Anti-Party Alliance that seriously endanger the interests of the Party. In view of various historical lessons, and in view of the fact that individual wisdom must be combined with collective wisdom to play a better role and make us make fewer mistakes in our work, the central government and party committees at all levels must adhere to the principle of collective leadership and continue to oppose individual dictatorship and decentralized Two biases of doctrine.It must be understood that the two aspects of collective leadership and individual responsibility are not in opposition to each other, but are integrated with each other.Personal responsibility and personal dictatorship, which violate the principle of collective leadership, are two completely different things.

The current international conditions are favorable to our cause of socialist construction.The socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union is strong and internally united; while the imperialist camp is weak, and there are many insurmountable contradictions and crises among them.Even so, we should understand that imperialist forces are still surrounding us, and we must be prepared to deal with possible sudden events.If the imperialists launch a war in the future, it is very likely that they will launch surprise attacks as they did during World War II.Therefore, we must be prepared both mentally and materially, so that we will not be caught off guard when sudden events happen.This is one aspect.On the other hand, the activities of the remnant counter-revolutionary forces in the country are still rampant. We must deal them a few more blows in a planned, analytical, and realistic manner, so as to weaken the hidden counter-revolutionary forces even more, so as to guarantee the cause of socialist construction in our country. safety.If we take appropriate measures in the above two aspects, we may avoid the enemy's serious harm to us, otherwise we may make mistakes.

Comrades! We are now in a new historical period.To carry out a socialist revolution in an eastern country with a population of 600 million, it is necessary to change the direction of history and the appearance of the country in this country, to basically industrialize the country within about three five-year plan periods, and to deal with agriculture, handicrafts and capitalism. If industry and commerce complete socialist transformation, they will catch up with or overtake the most powerful capitalist countries in the world within a few decades. As difficult as it is, maybe we will encounter even greater difficulties than in the past.But, comrades, we Communists are famously not afraid of difficulties.We must pay attention to all difficulties tactically.For each specific difficulty, we must take a serious attitude, create the necessary conditions, pay attention to the method of dealing with it, and overcome them one by one, batch by batch.According to our decades of experience, every difficulty we encountered has indeed been overcome.All kinds of difficulties, when encountering the Communists, they have no choice but to retreat. It is true that "the mountains must bow their heads, and the rivers must give way."Here is an experience that allows us to despise difficulties.This refers to the strategic aspect and the general aspect.Regardless of any great difficulty, we can see through it at a glance.The so-called difficulties are nothing but given to us by the enemies of society and nature.We know that the imperialists, the domestic counter-revolutionaries and their agents in our party, etc., are only dying forces, while we are the newborn forces, and the truth is on our side.To them we have never been invincible.We only need to think about our own history to understand this truth.When we first founded the party in 1921, there were only a few dozen people. It was so insignificant, but it developed later and defeated the powerful domestic enemies.The enemy of nature also has a way to subdue it.All new forces, both in nature and in society, have always been invincible by their nature.And all the old forces, no matter how large in number they are, will always be wiped out.Therefore, we can and must despise any great difficulties encountered in the world, and put them in the position of "not to mention".This is our optimism.There is a scientific basis for this optimism.As long as we know more about Marxism-Leninism, more about natural science, in a word, more about the laws of the objective world, and make fewer mistakes of subjectivism, our revolutionary and construction work will surely achieve our goals.

Published according to the transcript of Mao Zedong's approved speech. in conclusion (March 31, 1955) Comrades: Everyone has finished speaking.I would like to say a few words on the following issues: the evaluation of this conference, the five-year plan, the Gao-Rao issue, the current situation, and the eight conferences. 1 Comments on this conference The vast majority of comrades believe that this meeting was held very well. It was another rectification meeting since the Yan'an rectification movement. It promoted democracy, carried out criticism and self-criticism, and enabled us to understand each other better, and our thinking was more unified. We have a common understanding.Originally we had a common understanding, but we still had different opinions on some issues. After this meeting, our understanding was unified.On this basis, on the basis of this ideological, political and common understanding of many policies, our party can be better united.As Comrade Enlai said, if we say that the Seventh Congress of the Party and the ideological and political rectification of the whole Party in the period before it laid the foundation for our Party's unified thinking, on this basis we have achieved great achievements in opposing imperialism, If the democratic revolution of feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism is victorious, then this meeting will give us the victory of socialism.

This meeting proved that the level of our party has been greatly improved, not only a step forward compared with the Seventh Congress ten years ago, but also compared with the Second Plenary Session of the 1949 Central Committee and the Third Central Committee in 1950. The plenary period is a big step forward.This situation is good, and this meeting shows that we have made progress. We have entered such a period, that is, what we are doing, thinking, and researching now is a new period of history such as socialist industrialization, socialist transformation, modernized national defense, and nuclear energy.Comrades in the whole party have drilled deeply and shallowly, and so have the comrades present here.Like doctors, some can operate and some cannot.Some injections can be injected into veins, while others cannot, and can only be injected subcutaneously.Some doctors dare not even do it under the skin, just above the skin.Although some comrades did not get into it, most comrades did. It seems that many of them did, and they seemed to be a bit of an expert.At this meeting, we can also see such a situation.This is a great good.Because now we are facing new problems: socialist industrialization, socialist transformation, new national defense, and new jobs in other fields.It is our task to get into this new situation and become an expert.Therefore, it is necessary to educate those who can't get in and those who are floating on the surface, so that they all become experts.

The struggle against the anti-Party alliance of Gao Gang and Jao Shu-shih will push our Party to make great strides. We must propagate dialectical materialism and oppose idealism among the five million intellectuals and cadres at all levels inside and outside the party, and we will form a strong theoretical team, which we desperately need, and which will It's a great thing. We have to make a plan to form such a strong theoretical team, with millions of people reading the theoretical basis of Marxism, that is, dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and opposing all kinds of idealism and mechanical materialism.We now have many cadres doing theoretical work, but we have not formed a theoretical team, especially we do not have a strong theoretical team.But without this team, the cause of our entire Party, the study of our country's socialist industrialization, socialist transformation, modern national defense, and atomic energy will be impossible, and we will not be able to solve problems.Therefore, I advise comrades to study philosophy.There are quite a few people who are not interested in philosophy, and they have no habit of studying philosophy.You can read pamphlets and short articles first to arouse your interest, then read books with 70,000 to 80,000 words, and then read books with hundreds of thousands of words each.There are several disciplines of Marxism: Marxist philosophy, Marxist economics, and Marxist socialism—the theory of class struggle, but the basic thing is Marxist philosophy.If we don't learn this thing well, we don't have a common language, we don't have a common method, and we've messed up a lot, and we still don't understand it.With the thought of dialectical materialism, many things can be saved, and many mistakes can be avoided. 2 About the first five-year plan Comrades believe that when discussing the five-year plan, the speeches of most comrades are very good, and everyone is satisfied.Some of the speeches were particularly good. They explained the problem thoroughly, and they were a bit of an expert.However, some of the speeches of the various departments of the central government are poor in content and insufficient in analysis and criticism; among the speeches of local comrades, some are relatively poor in content and insufficient in analysis and criticism.Another situation is that in the speeches of some comrades, they only exposed the serious problems of waste and other mistakes, without explaining how to deal with them.Some comrades are dissatisfied with these speeches.I thought these dissatisfaction were justified. I hope that all provincial, municipal and prefectural party secretaries, as well as responsible comrades in various central departments, will work hard to make themselves experts in political and economic work on the basis of raising the level of Marxism-Leninism.On the one hand, we must do a good job in political and ideological work, and on the other hand, we must do a good job in economic construction.For economic construction, we must really learn to understand. At this meeting, the local government asked the central government to solve many problems, and the central government should actively solve the problems that have been stipulated by the central government.For other problems, the Secretariat will work with the proposed comrades to study solutions and report to the Central Committee for processing. There are also many things that the various central departments require local cooperation.The local party committees should be asked to supervise and assist the central departments in their local affairs, especially in political and ideological work.Local party committees have the responsibility to help the central government complete its tasks in local affairs.Therefore, not only the localities have requirements for the central government, but the central government also has requirements for the localities.The first Five-Year Plan can be fully realized only if all central departments and local party committees work together and cooperate with each other. Three Concerning the Anti-Party Alliance of Gao Gang and Rao Shushi The first point, someone asked: Is there such an alliance? Or is it not an alliance, but two independent countries and two self-employed households? Some comrades said that they did not see the document, and they must have an agreement to be an alliance. Word.There is indeed no written agreement, and it cannot be found.We say that Gao Gang and Jao Shushi have an alliance.Where can this be seen? First, it can be seen from the joint activities of Gao Gang and Rao Shushi during the Finance and Economics Conference.Second, it can be seen from the anti-Party activities carried out by Jao Shushi and Zhang Xiushan[3] during the organizational meeting.Third, it can be seen from Rao Shushi's words.Rao Shushi said, "From now on, the Central Organization Department will have Guo Feng [4] as its core."In the Organization Department, Rao Shushi was the head, and Gao Gang's confidant Guo Feng was the core.That's great! The unity is very close! Fourth, it can be seen from Gao Gang and Rao Shushi's dissemination of a list of Politburo members privately drafted by An Ziwen[5].In this matter, An Ziwen was given a warning.Gao Gang, Jao Shushi and others distributed this list to all those who participated in the organization meeting, and spread it to the southern provinces. What is the intention of spreading it everywhere? Fifth, Gao Gang expressed his protection to me twice. It can be seen from the matter of protecting Gao Gang in the end.Gao Gang said that Rao Shushi was in dire straits now and asked me to rescue him.I said, why are you speaking on behalf of Jao Shushi? I am in Beijing, and Jao Shushi is also in Beijing. Why did he ask you to represent him instead of coming directly to me? Can you still send telegrams in Tibet? He is in Beijing, and he has feet. .The second time was the day before Gao Gang was exposed. Gao Gang also expressed that he would protect Rao Shushi.Rao Shushi still wanted to protect Gao Gang until the end, and he wanted to avenge Gao Gang.At the central meeting [6] to expose Gao Gang, I said that there are two headquarters in Beijing. One is the headquarters headed by me, which blows the wind and burns the sun, and the other is the headquarters headed by others. It is called blowing the wind, burning the fire, and a stream of groundwater.Is there one political party or multiple political parties? Judging from the many things above, they have an anti-party alliance, not two independent countries and independent households that are not related to each other. As for that, because there is no express agreement, some comrades have doubts, saying that it is probably not an alliance.This is to equate an anti-Party alliance of conspiratorial elements with an open and formal political and economic alliance in general, and treat it as the same thing.They are conspiring! Do they still need to make a written agreement? If it is said that there is no written agreement, it is not an alliance. Then what should Gao Gang and Jao Shushi do within the two anti-Party groups? Gao Gang, Zhang Xiushan, and Zhang Mingyuan , Zhao Dezun, Ma Hong[7], and Guo Feng did not sign a treaty! We have not seen their agreement in writing! Well, even their anti-party group has denied it! Rao Shushi and Xiang Ming, Yang Fan [ 8], I have not seen their treaty! Therefore, it is wrong to say that there is no express agreement and it cannot be regarded as an alliance. The second point is, what attitudes should the comrades who were influenced by Gao and Rao and the comrades who were not influenced by them respectively adopt? The influences ranged from shallow to deep.Some of them are general and have been swept away by them; a few comrades are relatively deep, and they have discussed many issues with them, and they have activities in the lower levels to spread the word for them.There is a difference between the two.However, most comrades of all these people, no matter how shallow or deep they are, have expressed their attitudes at this meeting.Some performed very well and were welcomed by the audience.Some performed well and were welcomed by most comrades, but they had shortcomings.Some of the expressions are not sufficient enough, and supplements have been made today.Some of the full text is well spoken, but some parts are not appropriate.In any case, these types of people have already expressed something, and we should all welcome it. Finally, they have expressed something! There are still some comrades who want to speak, but before they have time, they can write a report to the Central Committee.Those who haven’t talked about it, the problem is not serious, it’s just that they have been swept away, and they know something, but they didn’t talk about it.As for those who have already made speeches, are there still some who left their tails behind? Well, now we have decided that all speeches and reports, whether on the five-year plan or on the Gao-Rao Anti-Party Alliance, can be taken back. Revise, carefully consider the words and sentences, and within five days, revise those that have not been fully explained, or that are inappropriate.Don't grab him by the pigtails just because we didn't make a sound decision at this meeting, so that he won't be able to go down in the future.You can also revise, and the manuscript you revised last shall prevail. To these comrades, we should adopt such an attitude that we hope that they correct their mistakes, and we should not only watch them, but also help them.That is to say, we should not only see whether they change, but also help them change.People need help.Although the lotus is good, it needs the support of green leaves.A fence needs three stakes, and a hero needs three gangs.It is not good to go it alone, help is always needed, especially in such matters.It is necessary to watch, to see whether they change or not, but just watching is negative, and we must help them.For those who have been affected, no matter how deep or shallow, we welcome them to make corrections, not only to watch, but also to help.This is a positive attitude towards comrades who have made mistakes. Comrades who are not affected, don't be proud, and beware of getting sick.This is extremely important.Some of the comrades mentioned above may have been deceived, and some may have fallen into it deeper. Because they made mistakes, they may be vigilant and will not make such mistakes in the future.I got sick once and got immunity.Vaccination was vaccinated once, which played a preventive role.But it is not safe, and it may cause smallpox.Therefore, it is best to vaccinate again every three to five years, that is, to hold meetings like ours.Other comrades should not be proud and beware of making mistakes.Why didn't Gao Gang and Jao Shushi provoke these people? There are several situations: the first is that they consider people their enemies, and of course they don't spread the word; To spread the word, in the future "the world will be settled", those people will naturally follow; the third type is people they dare not provoke, those people probably have relatively strong immunity, and they are not right at first sight, although these comrades are not It is not insignificant to be considered their enemy, but they dare not provoke them; the fourth is that there is too little time.It will take time for this plague to spread, and if it is not exposed for another year, some people will be hard to protect.So don't be a hero: look, you guys have caused a little trouble, and I'm clean! If you don't expose it for another year, there will be a lot of people who will be influenced by them. In my opinion, the above is what the comrades who were influenced by Gao and Rao and those who were not should pay attention to. The third point is that on issues of principle, comrades should always pay attention to keeping a distance from speeches and actions that violate the principles of the party.Their words and actions are not in line with the party's principles, and we are not used to it, so we should not get along with each other on this part of the issue and this part of the situation.For other issues that are in line with the party's principles, such as the five-year plan, resolutions and reports on the Gao-Rao Anti-Party Alliance, and various correct policies and correct internal party regulations, such speeches and actions must of course be actively supported , into one piece.For those who do not conform to the party's principles, we should keep a distance, that is to say, we must draw a clear line and block them back immediately.This distance cannot be abolished just because we are old friends, old bosses, old subordinates, old colleagues, classmates, fellow villagers, etc.In this Gao-Rao anti-Party incident, as well as in past line struggles within the Party, I have had many such experiences: As long as you think that the relationship is too old and too deep, it is difficult to talk about it, and if you don’t keep a distance, you don’t want to talk about it. If you block back and don't draw a clear line, you will sink deeper and deeper, and their "ghost" will entangle you.Therefore, attitudes should be expressed and principles should be adhered to. Fourth point, some comrades said, "I know some bad things about Gao and Rao, but I don't see their conspiracy".I said that there are two situations: one is that Gao Gang and Rao Shushi have heard many things that are not in line with the party's principles, and Gao Gang and Rao Shushi have even discussed with them some anti-Party activities.One is that ordinary people know some bad things about them, but they don't see the conspiracy. This is no wonder, it is difficult to see.It was not until 1953 that the Central Committee discovered their anti-Party conspiracy.After the financial meeting, organizational meeting, and various problems before the financial meeting, I saw that they were not normal.During the financial meeting, their abnormal activities were discovered, and they were pushed back every time.So, in the future, they will completely switch to secrecy.We did not discover this conspiracy, conspirators, and cabal until the autumn and winter of 1953.Regarding Gao Gang and Rao Shushi, I have not seen them as bad people for a long time.This kind of thing has happened in the past.There were several rebels during the Jinggangshan period, and we never thought that they would rebel.I am afraid that all of you have had this experience. We should draw a lesson from this, that is, don't be fooled by false appearances.Some of our comrades are easily fooled by false appearances.In all things, there is a contradiction between its appearance and its essence.People must understand the essence of things through the analysis and research of phenomena, so science is needed.Otherwise, if you can see the essence at a glance with your intuition, what is the need for science? What is the need for research? So research is necessary because there is a contradiction between the phenomenon and the essence.But illusion is different from ordinary phenomena because it is illusion.So I draw a rule of thumb, that is, try not to be fooled by false appearances. Fifth, the danger of pride.Don't be a hero.The cause is done by the majority, and the role of the minority is limited.It should be recognized that the role of a few people is the role of leaders and cadres. However, there is no great role, and it is the masses who have a great role.The correct relationship between cadres and the masses is that we can do without cadres, but things are done by the masses, and cadres play a leading role. Don't exaggerate this role of cadres.Is it impossible without you? History proves that various facts prove that we can do without you.For example, wouldn’t it be great without Gao Gang and Rao Shushi? Wouldn’t it be okay? Without Trotsky[9], without Zhang Guotao[10], without Chen Duxiu[11], wouldn’t it be okay! These are all bad guy.As for the good ones, they can do without you.Wouldn't the earth stop turning without you? The earth will still turn, and the business will still go on as usual, maybe even better.Confucius[12] is long gone. We have the Communist Party in China, which is better than Confucius. It can be seen that things are better without Confucius! There are two kinds of people: one is veterans, and many of you here have very old qualifications; the other is new forces, which are young people.Which of these two types of people is more hopeful? Comrade Enlai also talked about this issue today. Of course, the new forces are more hopeful.Some comrades are proud of themselves because they are old revolutionaries. This is very inappropriate.In comparison, if it is allowed to be proud, young people deserve to be proud.People over the age of 40 or 50, the older they are and the more experience they have, the more modest they should be.Let the young people see that we are indeed experienced: "These seniors do have some experience. Don't underestimate them. You can see how humble they are." People in their forties and fifties, because they have gained a lot of experience, become proud instead. Isn’t it ugly? Young people will comment: “You have no experience, you are just like children.” Children are a little bit proud, which is more reasonable.Older people, with so much experience, are still proud, so they don't have to raise their tails so high.As the saying goes: "Clamp your tail to be a human being." Humans don't have tails, so why do they clamp their tails tightly? Just like that dog, there are times when its tail is cocked, and there are times when it is tucked in.Probably it clamped its tail when hitting a few sticks, and it probably raised its tail when it got a few batches of results.I hope that all our comrades, first of all the old comrades, will not cock their tails, but tighten their tails, guard against arrogance and impetuosity, and always maintain a humble and enterprising spirit. The sixth point is to avoid "left" and right.Some people say, "'Left' is better than the right", and many comrades say the same.In fact, there are also many people who say in their hearts, "The right is better than the 'left'", but they don't say it out. Only honest people say it out.There are two opinions.What is "Left"? Going beyond the times and the current situation, aggressively advancing on principles and policies and actions, fighting wildly on issues of struggle and disputes, this is "Left", and it is not good.Falling behind the times, lagging behind the current situation, lack of fighting spirit, this is right, and this is not good.Not only do some people in our Party like the "Left", but there are also many people who like the Right, or those who are center-right, all of which are not good.We are fighting on two fronts, against both the "left" and the right. With regard to the anti-Party alliance between Gao Gang and Rao Shushi, I would like to make a few comments. Four on the current situation The international situation, the domestic situation, and the situation within the Party, what are these three situations? Is the bright side dominant or the dark side dominant? It should be affirmed that regardless of the international, domestic, or inner-Party situation, the bright side is dominant, and the dark side is dominant. face at a disadvantage.The same is true in our venue.Do not think that because many people have made self-criticism, it is dark.These comrades focused on their shortcomings and mistakes, but did not talk about their strengths. They did not talk about when they participated in the revolution, where they won battles, and where they had achievements in work.If you only read their review, then it will be dark.In fact, this is one aspect, and for many comrades, it is a secondary aspect.This is different from Gao Gang, Rao Shushi, and Zhang, Zhang, Zhao, Ma, and Guo Wuhu generals. They cannot apply this estimate: the bright side prevails.Does Gao Gang have the advantage of the bright side? He is completely dark, the sky is dark, the sun and the moon have no light.As for our comrades, it is different, it is slightly dark, this thing can be washed clean, and washed several times with soap. Why do we propose to prepare for sudden incidents, for counter-revolutionary restorations, and for repeated Gao-Rao incidents? That is to say, considering the worst possibility, you will not suffer any disadvantages.Regardless of any job, we must think and deploy from the worst possibility.It is nothing more than these terribly bad things: the imperialists launched a new world war, Chiang Kai-shek came to Beijing again, the Gao-Rao anti-Party alliance happened again, and there were not just one, but ten, one hundred.Although there are so many, we are all prepared first, so we will not be afraid.You have ten and only five pairs, no big deal, we all figured it out.The atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs used by the imperialists to frighten us are nothing to be afraid of.Things in the world always drop one thing, if something attacks, another thing drops it.Just read "Fengshen Bang", how can there be a "magic weapon" that cannot be broken? So many "magic weapons" have been broken.We believe that as long as we rely on the people, there is no invincible "magic weapon" in the world. 5 Struggle for the successful holding of the Eighth National Congress of the Party The Central Committee decided to hold the Eighth National Congress of the Party in the second half of 1956.There are three agenda items: (1) the work report of the Central Committee; (2) revision of the party constitution; (3) election of a new Central Committee.The election of representatives and the preparation of documents must be completed by July next year.It is required that within a period of more than one year, all aspects of work, economics, culture and education, military affairs, party affairs, political ideology, mass organizations, united front, and work on ethnic minorities must make great progress. By the way, let me talk about the work of ethnic minorities.We must oppose Han chauvinism.Don't think that it is only the Han people who have helped the minorities, and the minorities have also greatly helped the Han people.Some comrades are always bragging about it, but we have helped you, so we have not seen that it is not possible without ethnic minorities.Fifty to sixty percent of our country, who lives? Is it the Han people, or who lives? Fifty to sixty percent of the place is inhabited by ethnic minorities .There are rich products and many treasures.Now, we help the ethnic minorities very little, and some places have not helped, but the ethnic minorities have helped the Han people.Some ethnic minorities need us to help them before they can help us.The ethnic minorities have helped the Han people a lot politically. By joining the big family of the Chinese nation, they have helped the Han people politically.The ethnic minorities and the Han people are united, and the people of the whole country are happy.Therefore, ethnic minorities are of great help to the entire country and the entire Chinese nation in terms of politics, economy, and national defense.It is wrong to think that only the Han people have helped the minority nationalities, and that the minority people have not helped the Han people, and that they think they are great if they have helped the minority nationalities a little. We say that we will make a big step forward in all aspects of work during this year, that is, to correct the shortcomings and mistakes that have been exposed.Don't make a wish at this meeting, and when the "Eighth Congress" is held next year, there will still be so many shortcomings and mistakes, and they will remain intact.Therefore, those who want to fight for the convening of the "Eighth National Congress" must correct their shortcomings and mistakes, such as extravagance and waste, and big roofs, and seriously and responsibly correct them.Don't make a wish here, and everyone will stretch out their feet and fall asleep as soon as they go back. Someone suggested holding such a meeting once a year or two so that comrades can supervise each other. I think it can be considered.Who supervises us? Mutual supervision is a good way, which can promote the rapid progress of the cause of the party and the country.It is rapid progress, not slow progress.The party congress has not been held for ten years.Of course, it should not be held in the first five years, because of the turmoil of the war, and the "Seventh National Congress" was held, and it could be held in the next five years but not held.没有开也有好处:高饶问题搞清楚再开，不然他们要利用“八大”大做文章。同时，我们的五年计划也上了轨道，过渡时期总路线也提出来了，又经过这次代表会议使大家在思想上更加统一了，为召开党的第八次代表大会准备了条件。在党的第八次代表大会上，不要每个人去检讨一篇，但对我们工作中的缺点和错误，还是要作公开的批评和自我批评。不实行马克思主义的这一条是不行的。 批评要尖锐。这次有些批评，我觉得不那么尖锐，总是怕得罪人的样子。你不那样尖锐，不切实刺一下，他就不痛，他就不注意。要有名有姓，哪一个部门，要指出来。你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。怕得罪人，无非是怕丧失选举票，还怕工作上不好相处。你不投我的票，我就吃不了饭?没有那回事。其实，你讲出来了，把问题尖锐地摆在桌面上，倒是好相处了。不要把棱角磨掉。牛为什么要长两只角呢?牛之所以长两只角，是因为要斗争，一为防御，二为进攻。我常跟同志讲，你头上长“角”没有?你们各位同志可以摸一摸。我看有些同志是长了“角”的，有些同志长了“角”但不那样尖锐，还有些同志根本没有长“角”。我看，还是长两只“角”好，因为这是合乎马克思主义的。马克思主义有一条，叫做批评和自我批评。 所以，定期召开会议，进行批评和自我批评，这是一种同志间互相监督，促使党和国家事业迅速进步的好办法。建议各省、市委同志们考虑，你们是不是也可以这样做?你们不是学中央吗?我看这一点是可以学的。 最后，我请同志们注意，也请全党同志注意: 为在一九五六年胜利地召开党的第八次全国代表大会而斗争! 为胜利地完成第一个五年计划而斗争! Published based on the transcript of the speech kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1]一九五三年全国财经工作会议和全国组织工作会议期间及其前后，当时任中共中央政治局委员、国家计划委员会主席的高岗，和当时任中共中央委员、中央组织部部长的饶漱石相互勾结，阴谋分裂党、篡夺党和国家的最高权力。一九五四年中共七届四中全会揭露和批判了他们的反党阴谋活动。一九五五年中国共产党全国代表会议通过决议将他们开除出党。 [2]这句话的新译文是：“共产党人不屑于隐瞒自己的观点和意图。”（《马克思恩格斯选集》第1卷，人民出版社1995年版，第307页） [3]张秀山（一九一一——一九九六），陕西神木人。一九五四年中共七届四中全会时，任中共中央东北局第二副书记兼纪委书记、监委会主任。一九七八年中共十一届三中全会后，曾任国家农委副主任、中共中央顾问委员会委员等职。 [4]郭峰，一九一五年生，吉林德惠人。一九五四年中共七届四中全会时，任中共中央东北局组织部部长。一九七八年中共十一届三中全会后，曾任中共辽宁省委第一书记、中央顾问委员会委员等职。 [5]安子文，当时任中共中央组织部副部长。 [6]指一九五三年十二月二十四日召开的中共中央政治局扩大会议。 [7]张明远（一九○六——一九九八），河北玉田人，一九五四年中共七届四中全会时，任中共中央东北局副书记、东北行政委员会副主席，一九七八年中共十一届三中全会后，曾任国务院机械工业委员会副主任、政协全国委员会常委等职。赵德尊，一九一三年生，辽宁辽中人，一九五四年中共七届四中全会时，任中共中央东北局秘书长，一九七八年中共十一届三中全会后，曾任中共黑龙江省委书记、省人大常委会主任等职。马洪，一九二○年生，山西定襄人，一九五四年中共七届四中全会时，任国家计划委员会秘书长，一九七八年中共十一届三中全会后，曾任中国社会科学院党委书记、院长，国务院副秘书长、国务院经济技术社会发展研究中心总干事等职。 [8]向明（一九○九——一九六九），山东临朐人，曾任中共中央山东分局副书记、山东省人民政府副主席，一九五四年因所谓向明反党宗派集团问题受打击，一九六三年甄别平反。扬帆（一九一二——一九九九），江苏常熟人，曾任上海市公安局局长，一九五五年因所谓潘汉年扬帆案被捕，一九六五年被判有期徒刑十六年，一九八三年彻底平反。 [9]托洛茨基（一八七九——一九四○），十月革命时，任俄国社会民主工党（布尔什维克）中央政治局委员、彼得格勒苏维埃主席。十月革命后，曾任外交人民委员、陆海军人民委员、革命军事委员会主席、共产国际执行委员会委员等职。一九二六年十月联共（布）中央全会决定，撤销他的中央政治局委员职务。一九二七年一月共产国际执行委员会决定，撤销他的执行委员职务，同年十一月被开除出党。He was expelled from the Soviet Union in January 1929.Assassinated in Mexico in August 1940. [10]张国焘（一八九七——一九七九），江西萍乡人。一九二一年参加中国共产党第一次全国代表大会。曾在中共中央、中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府、中国工农红军中担任过领导职务。长征途中进行分裂党和红军的活动，另立中央。到达陕北后任陕甘宁边区政府副主席、代主席。一九三八年四月，乘祭黄帝陵之机逃离陕甘宁边区，经西安到武汉，投入国民党特务集团，成为中国革命的叛徒，随即被开除出党。 [11]陈独秀（一八七九——一九四二），安徽怀宁人。五四新文化运动的主要领导人之一。五四运动后，接受和宣传马克思主义，是中国共产党的主要创建人之一。在党成立后的最初六年中是党的主要领导人。在第一次国内革命战争后期，犯了严重的右倾投降主义错误。第一次国内革命战争失败后，对于革命前途悲观失望，接受托派观点，在党内成立小组织，进行反党活动，一九二九年十一月被开除出党。一九三二年十月被国民党逮捕，一九三七年八月出狱。Died in Jiangjin, Sichuan in 1942. [12]孔夫子，即孔子，春秋末期思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家的创始人。