Chapter 125 About the nature and tasks of the CPPCC [1]

(December 19, 1954) After the National People's Congress was held, some people thought that the role of the CPPCC was not significant, and whether the CPPCC was still needed became a question.Proof is needed now.Among the 559 members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, 140 are deputies to the National People's Congress, accounting for only a quarter of the total, and three quarters are not deputies to the National People's Congress. This shows that many people are accommodated through the CPPCC. It is necessary to discuss things.Although the national and local people's congresses, the State Council, and the provincial and municipal people's committees all accommodate many people, there is also a need for the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the local committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

The main question is the nature of the CPPCC, is it a state organ or a people's organization? The nature of the CPPCC is different from the national power organ - the National People's Congress, and it is not the administrative organ of the state.Some people say that the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference must be equal or roughly equal to state organs in order to show that it is taken seriously.If we say this, then the Communist Party does not have the right to formulate the constitution, cannot formulate laws, cannot issue orders, and can only make suggestions, so is it not important? You cannot look at it this way.If the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is also made into a state organ, it will be one country and two publics, which is not acceptable.To distinguish each has its own powers.

The CPPCC is a united front organization of all nationalities, democratic classes, democratic parties, people's organizations, overseas Chinese and other patriotic democrats. It is partisan, and its members are mainly representatives of parties and groups. What is the mission of the CPPCC? 1. Consultation on international issues.Like in the past to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, the current U.S. occupation of Taiwan, including future foreign aggression, all need to be discussed.This sort of thing happens probably every year.These matters need to be handled by the State Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of National Defense, but some issues, such as Attlee, Nehru, and U Nu[2] are going to visit, we need to discuss and discuss first, to obtain a consistent policy, what would be good to convene What? The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is not very good, but the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is better.Anyone from the State Council can participate, not with agency qualifications, but with personal qualifications.In the past, through the CPPCC, various democratic parties issued a joint declaration in support of the struggle to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea[3], and also issued a joint declaration[4] for the liberation of Taiwan.Opposing war and defending peace, there are a lot of articles to do on this article. Some standing committees of the National People's Congress are difficult to do, and the State Council can't do it. The CPPCC has to do it.

2. Discuss the list of candidates.It has the right to conduct consultations on the list of candidates for deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses at the same level, as well as the candidates for the members of the CPPCC committees at all levels.Deputies to the National People's Congress are elected by the people, but all parties and organizations must first conduct consultations. 3. Comments.At present, it is mainly to provide opinions on the issue of socialist transformation.Capitalist industry and commerce, agriculture, and handicrafts all need to be transformed, and this brings about various problems of relations.Elections are also related to various aspects.There are also various aspects of culture, education and learning.For example, the criticism of "A Dream of Red Mansions" is also worth negotiating.Mainly to criticize idealism.Ten thousand years from now, there will still be idealism, because the socio-economic system and production relations are obsolete, and there will be a group of people who want to develop idealism.The contradiction between old and new will still exist ten thousand years later.Socialist transformation is very complicated, and various tasks need to be negotiated.

I get a lot of letters.This time I came back from Guangzhou, and after passing through the five provinces, I held meetings with responsible comrades from each province to investigate the situation in the countryside.Some people say that farmers only have six taels[5] meters per day, which does not reflect the real situation.In fact, it is the rich peasants who say that the peasants suffer, and they use these words to oppose the unified purchase and marketing.Seventy percent of the peasants in the countryside were impoverished in the past and supported unified purchasing and marketing.I personally asked some farmers, and they said that there are fourteen taels of rice per day, plus miscellaneous grains, one catty of grain per day, not six taels.This year, the national grain output was 340 billion catties, and the state requisitioned a total of 77 billion catties, less than a quarter, of which the main purchase accounted for 50 billion catties, and the expropriated amount was only over 20 billion catties.Some countries purchased them at a fair price, which is equivalent to the price sold to private traders.Some county chiefs, section chiefs, and township chiefs refused to sell their surplus grain. There was even a rich county chief in Shanxi who had tens of thousands of catties of grain.

This year, there are three million disaster-affected households in Hunan and five million households in Hubei, all of which have been resettled.The government follows the victims, providing each person with a catty of grain per day. Wherever the victims are, the supply and marketing cooperatives are established. This is unprecedented in history.This is a testament to our organizational capabilities, which would not have been possible in previous years. In rural areas, it is not an issue of food requisition or disaster victims, but a commercial issue.The state-owned business is advancing too fast, and the pace is too fast, so that many people are unemployed and have not been resettled. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has instructed to slow down the pace.Regarding the issue of industrial raw materials, there is no overall consideration, and there must be overall consideration.What needs more consultation is the issue of socialist transformation. For example, the articles of association of agricultural production cooperatives can be negotiated and discussed, and issues such as handicrafts and fisheries can also be discussed.In short, all aspects of state relations must be negotiated.The Senate of the Kuomintang is the one who votes idle and responds to stories. Our CPPCC has something to do.

On the implementation of the Constitution and the consolidation of the people's democratic system, the CPPCC can submit opinions to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the State Council.CPPCC members put forward opinions, especially comments and gossip, as long as they are not destructive opinions, as long as they are constructive opinions, even if they are wrong, it is beneficial to raise them.It is in accordance with the constitution to provide opinions. 4. Coordinating the relationship among leaders of various nationalities, parties, people's organizations and social democrats.In the past, the rulers of the Han nationality were not good and oppressed the minorities, and now they need to change.To adjust the relationship between various aspects, the specific thing is to negotiate the list of candidates.

Is the current list of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference complete? There is no complete thing in the world.I forgot Xue Dubi[6] this time, but I can make up for it in the future.There are shortcomings every year, and they can be corrected and remedied.Our surname is not Jiang, and we are not the "Jiang family under heaven and the Chen family party"[7]. 5. Learn Marxism-Leninism.We do not mention Mao Zedong Thought.If Mao Zedong Thought and Marxism-Leninism are mentioned together, some people will think that they are two different things. In order to avoid misunderstanding, Mao Zedong Thought will not be mentioned.Leninism was also brought up by others after Lenin died.The communist parties of various countries have some of their own but are still Marxist-Leninist.

Learning is voluntary and cannot be forced.Some people believe in Marxism-Leninism more, and some people believe less. For example, some members of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference are only patriotic and do not want to learn Marxism-Leninism. There is nothing they can do about it.It is necessary to promote efforts to transform thinking, and work hard and be lazy. Our national system is the people's democratic dictatorship. Democracy is consultation, not dictatorship, but centralization is necessary.Now there is still struggle against the enemy, and the detention regulations are mainly to deal with reactionaries.It is a dictatorship over the enemy, and it is necessary to oppress him.The land is mainly deprived of property and political rights.Under the leadership of the Communist Party, several democratic classes oppressed the imperialists and landlord elements. We are "treating the same people as they are", "replacing violence with violence", and "fighting dissidents with the same party".

Published according to the transcript of the speech kept by the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is the main point of Mao Zedong's invitation to the democratic parties and democrats without party affiliation to discuss the work of the CPPCC. [2] Attlee, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was the leader of the British Labor Party at the time.Nehru was Prime Minister of India at the time.U Nu was Prime Minister of Myanmar at the time.They visited China in August, October and December 1954 respectively.

[3] Refers to the "Joint Declaration of the Democratic Parties" jointly issued by eleven democratic parties including the Communist Party of China, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, and the China Democratic League on November 4, 1950. [4] Refers to the "Joint Declaration of Democratic Parties and People's Organizations of the People's Republic of China for the Liberation of Taiwan" dated August 22, 1954. [5] The old city-made unit of weight is used here, where one catty is sixteen taels.On June 25, 1959, the State Council issued an order on the unified measurement system, which stated: "The original municipal system stipulated that sixteen taels were equal to one catty. Because of the trouble of conversion, it should be changed to ten taels for one catty." [6] Xue Dubi (1892-1973), a native of Yuncheng, Shanxi.He once served as Deputy Minister of Justice of the Beiyang Government, Governor of Gansu Province, Minister of Civil Affairs, Minister of Interior, and Minister of Water Resources under the Kuomintang Government.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the Second National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. [7] "Jiang Jiatianxia Chen Jiadang" is a derogatory term for the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship.Chen refers to the brothers Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu. They served successively as members of the Standing Committee of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang and head of the Organization Department. They were the leaders of the CC Department of the Kuomintang.