Chapter 5 Conversation with the person in charge of Suiyuan[1]

(October 24, 1949) The peaceful liberation of Suiyuan has been discussed for more than half a year, and the first step has only now been realized. Dong Qiwu [2] and the others have sent a telegram for the uprising on September 19, and Commander Zhu and I have also sent a reply [3].Now we have to take the second step, which is to realize cooperation.This step is very important.We must resolutely implement this telegram from the Central Committee. This is the party's basic policy for Suiyuan. Not only are they required to implement it, but the Communist Party must also implement it. Suiyuan is within the scope of Inner Mongolia's regional autonomy, and the League People's Government Committee must be established under the province.Regarding the Yikezhao League, the North China Bureau had to discuss with the Northwest Bureau, and with their consent, it was placed under the leadership of Suiyuan[4], and the Yimeng government could be located in Dongsheng or elsewhere.The Ulanqab League will also establish a League People's Government Committee.Both the Iraqi and Ukrainian alliances have set up military divisions.The Mongolian and Han nationalities in the two leagues must have people to participate in the government committees, and they should also be discussed with them.

Suiyuan will establish a military and political committee.The military and political committees are directly under the leadership of the central government, and the provincial governments and military regions are under the leadership of the military and political committees.Fu Zuoyi[5] served as the director, and Ulanfu[6] served as the deputy director, and unified leadership of Suiyuan's military, political, economic and cultural education.Fu Zuoyi should bear the main responsibility, because the area under his jurisdiction has a population of 1.2 million, while the Suidong Liberated Area only has a population of 800,000; he also has a large army.The military area should also be unified, with Fu Zuoyi as commander, Ulanfu and Yao Zhe[7] as deputy commanders, and Bo Yibo[8] as political commissar.Mr. Fu can nominate other deputy commanders and deputy directors of the Military and Political Committee.The government consists of Dong Qiwu as the provincial chairman and Kui Bi[9] as the vice chairman.The government is also a united front and must cooperate well.You must make comrades understand the necessity and significance of such cooperation, what are the benefits and why.It should be said that everything is for the benefit of the people.Fighting wars is to seek liberation for the people; peaceful liberation, unity and transformation are also for the benefit of the people.When you go back to hold a party congress or cadre meeting, Bo Yibo will go there, talk for an hour or so, and spend a few days to let comrades discuss this issue thoroughly.This is a united front issue, and Mr. Fu also has work to do.

The policy of uniting and reforming the Suiyuan uprising personnel has long been set, and the actual work will be carried out in accordance with the four principles and three steps proposed by Mr. Fu [10]. Look.To cooperate to get things done.The two sides were enemies in the past, but now they are friends.Of course, after the cooperation, we should also estimate that some problems may occur, and we have to go through hard work and struggle.It is good if it can be done in one year, otherwise it can be done in two years.There is no war anymore, some things cannot be carried out quickly, and things will go wrong soon.It is necessary to do ideological remolding first, and then reform the old system to achieve the goal step by step.The issue of principle has already been stated in the Central Telegram: Unite as one, strive for progress, reform the old system, implement new policies, and strive to build a new Suiyuan for the people.The army will not change for the time being, and will be reorganized according to the PLA system when the conditions are ripe.This issue must be clarified clearly within the party, and we should strive to achieve the goal within a year, but we should not be hasty.Chiang Kai-shek ruled for 22 years and didn't get it right. Isn't it good for us to finish it in one year?

The army must organize production, and production is also combat.Cadres should participate in production command and labor.Labor can transform thoughts and people.Soldiers see that cadres also dig the ground, and the relationship between officers and soldiers can be improved. This is political work.Government workers can engage in production in their spare time, working one or two hours a day, mainly growing vegetables and raising pigs. Our policy for the rebels is to unite and remould them at the same time.There can only be unity without transformation.The sabotage activities of the reactionary classes and counter-revolutionaries will not stop. They will still fight us desperately. This kind of struggle will last for a long time and must not be paralyzed.We were enemies in the past, but now we are friends. This is conditional.All those who are willing to cooperate with us and those who may strive to cooperate with us must patiently help, educate and remould them, cooperate with them well, and gradually eliminate all remnants of the past reactionaries and their political influence from the transformation, and use Marxism-Leninism ideology to replace the reactionary ideology of the Kuomintang.Counter-revolutionaries and spies who resolutely oppose and sabotage reform must be attacked and suppressed.To strive for a united majority, they are also small at both ends and large in the middle. Those with radical ideas can be encouraged, and those with slow progress can wait.Adhere to the basic principles, but allow for differences.You can't use rough methods on them, and you can't let it rain heavily. It has to be like light rain to penetrate in.Ideological and political education should be carried out according to their specific conditions and to the extent they can accept it, and infusion should not be forced.

As for political personnel, no one will be sent below the division level for the time being.The comrades who are sent to the cadres should be educated, and they should pay attention to studying the situation, understand other people's psychology, and understand new working methods, so that these cadres will not have problems after they go.Let them know that if they do not do well, they will be kicked out by others. Even if they are not kicked out, you will still have to come out if you cannot stand up.We learned a lesson when we took over the factory in Shijiazhuang.The cadres we sent couldn’t help with business, and they didn’t conduct specific investigations and studies. They just talked about the anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang principles for three days.They later became students again, studied and worked together with the workers, conducted investigations and research, and carried out struggles against the enemy. They became experts in business, and only then did they become close friends of the workers, and others liked to listen to their conversations.Many of our comrades do not investigate and study new situations and new things, and do not understand them themselves. They just work there. , or use the old method.Those who are sent must be fully mentally prepared, and they must anticipate that there may be awkwardness.In fact, both parties are observing to see how the other party treats them.The situation over there is more complicated. Not only are the people from the old society, but also the KMT spies are hidden among the masses. When Peking was peacefully liberated, 12,000 military officers returned to Suiyuan. "Political work".This is worthy of our review. We did not handle this matter well in the past because we did not regard them as comrades in a hostile mood.The comrades sent by the Communist Party this time must express their attitude and admit that we did not do a good job in the past work.I am also doing work to show comrades so that we can cooperate well with them in the future.The recent upsurge of studies in Guisui proved that these people can be reformed and united by means of cooperation.In this regard, Mr. Fu should also take responsibility and adopt a friendly attitude.When our comrades go, we must adopt a friendly attitude and not exclude them; if you exclude them, it is reasonable for them not to trust you.The 12,000 people must also make them feel that it is beneficial to cooperate with the Communist Party, that the new policy is good, that their thinking can advance, that their lives are guaranteed and can be improved.If this requirement is not met, our work will be considered a failure.The 2 million people in Suiyuan, the 100,000 troops and cadres must feel that the cooperation will produce good results and will be better than in the past, so that they will trust us.If they only stay in words, they will be dissatisfied.In short, if you do good deeds and don't do bad deeds, they will welcome you. This is proven day by day.The two sides increase their responsibilities, and if both parties do a good job, the problem can be solved.Mr. Fu's trip to Guisui was helpful. You can show them that this is beneficial to the people and can produce many good cadres in the future.Of course, the Communist Party is more responsible.The people we send, when they see them, they will become nervous, such as doubting whether the Communist Party is reasonable, whether they don’t think highly of people, whether they are so crowded that they can’t stand, have nowhere to go, no food, no way to live, no jobs .You have to do a good job for others to see, so that they can progress politically, have a secure life, and have a bright future in development. Only in this way can they feel good about us and admire us.You must not adopt the method of the Kuomintang secret agents.

Peaceful transformation is possible. Now that we have this condition, we should have confidence.We have 3 million party members, 4 million troops, and 400 million people as guarantees. Are we still afraid of failure? Returning to Sui should also have confidence and see the future.When we studied the Suiyuan issue in the past, we believed that it was possible to solve it peacefully, and we were confident in this point; however, there are still doubts about whether all peaceful solutions can be resolved smoothly.Now the facts have proved that it can be done.When Mr. Fu went to Guisui, some people were suspicious, fearing that there would be no future, and they were willing to cooperate as long as there was a future.You have to pay special attention, because people are afraid that they will have no future.After the peaceful settlement of Beiping, we softened our hands and thought that Suiyuan was not good enough to fight with troops, so Suiyuan was peacefully liberated.But this is the first step, and the second step is the issue of peaceful cooperation.Now the situation is very good, the whole country is about to be liberated, and Guisui is also learning Marxism-Leninism.There is still a period for you to observe each other after you have gone. You must honor what you say, and you must not lie.The Communist Party is gone, and if it does not do what it says, it will be the same as the Kuomintang, sweet first and then spicy. Others will say that we have learned from Chiang Kai-shek that "everything good is said, and bad things are never done", and Mr. Fu will also lose his trust.So in the second, third and fourth steps, we need to work better with them to make them believe in us.Secret agents also have to feed.There are people from all walks of life in the new CPPCC. No one said that it was not well organized. The main thing is to work carefully, negotiate with people, and be kind to others.The new CPPCC has set an example for the whole country.

Now that the Communist Party has become a big national party and has the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, I have the responsibility as chairman to make every aspect beneficial, and other parties also benefit, otherwise I will cause dissatisfaction, be scolded, and even be overthrown.Suiyuan also needs to pay attention, there are two "parties" in Guisui, ours and Mr. Fu's.The Military and Political Committee is built on top of this contradiction and must be handled properly.Now the whole country is implementing the united front, and the governments in central and southern China are also united front governments.The situation in rural areas is different from that in urban areas. No other parties participate in the government, but there are non-party cadres.Something goes wrong without non-Party cadres participating in the government.The Communist Party must always cooperate with non-Party people, so that it is not easy to do bad things and bureaucracy.The Soviet Union also cooperated with the Communist Party and non-Party parties. "Pravda" stated that three-quarters of the government cadres are Party members, and the rest are non-Party cadres.China will always be an alliance between the party and the non-party, with long-term cooperation.Both sides should regard cadres as their own cadres and break the closed door doctrine.Closed-doorism existed in the past, and the saying of "three fears" is proof.Without a united front, the revolution cannot be victorious, nor can it be consolidated if victorious.How can you be afraid of troubles, troubles, or people eating your food when you engage in a united front? Ye Gong must not be fond of dragons[11].The 25,000-mile Long March was not because of the united front, but because it was too pure.In the government's list this time, the communists and progressives are still half and half good, and they want to engage in all corners of the country.Others supported the Communist Party during the difficult period of the democratic revolution, said good things for us, and helped us. We have to win without them.After Mr. Fu handed over Beiping, the solution to the Suiyuan issue would be different.This vindicates our policy and will continue to vindicate it in the future.

China has belonged to the people, and every plant and tree belongs to the people. We must be responsible for everything and manage it well, and we cannot give it to others like kicking a football.We must also cover the 10 million party, government, and military personnel of the Kuomintang, including those in Suiyuan, and the secret agents must also manage them well, so that all people have a way out.It is impossible to do without this article. If you only see the 800,000 people in the Suidong Liberated Area, you will get it wrong.There are 100,000 unemployed military and government personnel in Hunan and the vast number of orphans and widows who are left alone. If only the orphans and widows of the Communist Party are left alone, trouble will arise.Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the overall situation and make the cadres understand that while they have a future, they must take into account the overall situation.Even if it is reformed by peaceful means, there will be unpleasant things, and it can only be realized through tortuous and fierce struggles.In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek believed that the Communist Party was a political problem, and wanted to use the method of "dissolving the Communist Party" to solve us, but he didn't know that we were real gold that was not afraid of fire.The New CPPCC discussed and passed our "Common Program", which was the beginning of our direct confrontation with the bourgeoisie.The capitalists want us to only engage in agriculture and let them engage in industry, commerce and transportation. How can this work? We must not only learn to engage in political struggle, but also learn to engage in economic work. This is a strategic issue.

To organize the government in Suiyuan, we also need to use the method of consultation to open up ideas with each other, which is much faster.If you disagree, don't do it first. Even if you agree, it depends on whether you want it in your heart or your mouth. If you are reluctant, postpone it.The military also needs to negotiate.This is a characteristic of China.Mr. Fu's consent must be obtained at the top, and the consent of the cadres at the bottom must be obtained.Especially in the army, if there is no consent, it will be dealt with, and it is most likely to cause trouble.You should treat non-Party comrades as your own and cooperate with them for a long time.If the work is done well this time, it will be a big improvement for the cadres on both sides.This is something we have never done before, and we need to do it in a new way, with our heart.There are problems in front of us, and we need to work hard.

Published based on the transcript of the conversation kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] Suiyuan refers to Suiyuan Province. At that time, the jurisdiction was Ulanchabu League, Yikezhao League, the eastern part of Bayannur League, Hohhot City, Baotou City and other places in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was abolished in 1954. [2] Dong Qiwu (1899-1989), a native of Hejin, Shanxi.He was formerly the chairman of the Suiyuan Provincial Government of the Kuomintang and the deputy chief of the Northwest Military and Political Chief Office of the Kuomintang government.On May 28, 1949, representatives were sent to sign the "Suiyuan Peace Agreement" with Dong Biwu, chairman of the North China People's Government.On September 19, he led an uprising in Guisui (now Hohhot) with representatives from all walks of life in the military and government, as well as Mongolian and Han nationalities.

[3] On September 19, 1949, Dong Qiwu led his troops to revolt by telegram. On September 20, Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De replied, saying: "After reading your statement on September 19, you The position is correct. Since General Fu Zuoyi led the peaceful liberation of Beiping, the people have welcomed it, and the reactionaries have expressed opposition. The reactionaries also tried to sabotage the efforts of the army and civilians in Suiyuan for the peaceful liberation, but they failed in the end. You have led an uprising, broke away from the reactionaries, and stood It’s the people’s side. I hope you will unite, strive for progress, reform the old system, implement new policies, and strive to build a new Suiyuan for the people.” [4] The work of the Ikezhao League was directly or indirectly led by the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation.After Suiyuan was peacefully liberated, it was placed under the leadership of Suiyuan Province in North China by agreement between the North China Bureau and the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. [5] Fu Zuoyi (1895-1974), a native of Anchang Village (now Linyi), Ronghe County, Shanxi.The former commander-in-chief of the "Suppression General" of the Kuomintang Army in North China, led his troops to accept the peaceful reorganization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in January 1949, and made contributions to the peaceful liberation of Beiping and Suiyuan.He was a member of the Central People's Government at that time. [6] Ulanhu (1906-1988), a native of Tumed Left Banner in Inner Mongolia.At that time, he was Secretary of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman of the People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. [7] Yao Zhe (1906-1979), born in Shaoyang, Hunan.At that time, he was the deputy commander of the Suiyuan Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. [8] Bo Yibo was the first secretary of the North China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and political commissar of the North China Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. [9] Kuibi (1903-1986), a native of Tumed Left Banner, Inner Mongolia.At that time, he was the deputy secretary of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Committee of the Communist Party of China, and later served as the vice chairman of the Suiyuan Provincial People's Government. [10] The four principles proposed by Fu Zuoyi are: 1. Persist in unity; 2. Eliminate spies; 3. Discipline must be rectified;The three steps are: 1. Completely realize the transformation of the liberated areas and the PLA, and completely break away from the reactionary Kuomintang regime; 2. Restore transportation; 3. Send cadres to carry out ideological reform. [11] Ye Gong loves dragons, from Liu Xiang's "New Preface Miscellaneous Things" in the Han Dynasty.This is used as a metaphor for verbally supporting the united front, but actually afraid of engaging in a united front. [12] Dayu and Bo Gun are legendary tribal leaders in ancient China.Gun was the father of Yu.They were ordered by Yao and Shun to control the water successively.Gun failed to control the flood by building dikes and blocking water, but Yu succeeded in controlling the flood by dredging rivers and building ditches.