Chapter 8 Chapter 6 Language must have a sense of humor

In social situations, people who talk humorously tend to win easily, while those who don't have a sense of humor tend to lose easily.In social occasions, humorous language can easily open up the situation quickly, making the atmosphere relaxed, active and harmonious. Humor is the flash of a person's knowledge, talent, wisdom, and inspiration in language expression. It is an "ability to capture jokes and humorous imaginations." Disadvantages, revelation of contradictory nature and description of some unconventional words and deeds. Usually, the people who are really good at the art of talking are those who are good at leading the conversation, and at the same time turning the meaningless conversation into a humorous one.This kind of person tends to be like a fish in water in the social arena, and can be regarded as a master of humor in social conversations.Monotonous conversation is boring, so a good talker must be good at humor.But this kind of humor does not mean that everything can be used as a joke.For example, about religion, about politics, about great men, about some kind of sympathetic suffering, etc., are never to be laughed at.In some people's opinion, if the words are not humorous enough, it is not enough to show their intelligence. This kind of thinking is unavoidably extreme.American psychologist Paul McKee believes that a sense of humor plays a pivotal role in the development of people's social skills.

In January 1979, Deng Xiaoping visited the United States.At that time, U.S. President Carter and his wife held a grand state banquet in Washington to welcome Deng Xiaoping and his wife.Sitting at the same table with the Carters and Deng Xiaopings was Fairbank, an expert on China issues from Harvard University.Fairbank asked Deng Xiaoping: "Guigeng?" Deng Xiaoping replied: "72 years old." Fairbank said: "I am 74 years old this year." Deng Xiaoping said: "But you still have black hair, and I am already bald." Fairbank said : "This proves that you use your brain too much." The two answered wittily, humorously and happily.

Humor is the flash of a person's knowledge, talent, wisdom, and inspiration in language expression. It is an "ability to catch ridiculous or humorous imagination." , malpractice, revealing of contradictory nature and description of some unconventional words and deeds.Humorous language can release our inner tension and pressure and turn it into a relaxed smile.In communication, humorous language is like a lubricant, which can effectively reduce the "coefficient of friction" between people, resolve conflicts and contradictions, and enable us to calmly get rid of possible difficulties in communication.

In social situations, people who talk humorously tend to win easily, while those who don't have a sense of humor tend to lose easily.In communication situations, humorous language can easily open up the communication situation quickly, making the atmosphere relaxed, lively and harmonious.When there is an embarrassing situation where opinions differ, humor and wit can become a buffer in a tense situation, enabling friends and colleagues to get out of embarrassment or eliminate hostility.In addition, humorous and witty language can also be used to implicitly reject the other party's request, or to make a kind of well-intentioned criticism.

Humor is a common concept in aesthetics.What exactly is humor and where does humor come from have been debated a lot in the past. The definition of humor in "Ci Hai" is: "The transliteration of English humour. Through insinuation, allegory, pun and other rhetorical techniques, in a kind smile, it exposes the perverse and unreasonable things in life." Obviously, this is a serious The definition of humor is very different from the humor that people recognize and love in our lives.In life, we believe that a person's humorous conversation is closely related to his intelligence and wisdom, which requires good cultural accomplishment and rich cultural knowledge.If a person has an understanding of all aspects of ancient and modern times, China and foreign countries, the world, customs, customs, etc., and has a strong ability to control language, then it is easy to speak vividly, lively and interesting.Looking at the famous masters of humor both at home and abroad in ancient and modern times, they are often masters of language.Therefore, humor is not artificial, but natural expression.Someone said with deep feeling: "I didn't intend to tell a joke, and the joke came out of my mouth naturally." The reasoning just illustrates this point.

Humor is an expression of emotion unique to intelligent humans.If you don't believe me, look at creatures other than humans, which one knows how to laugh.So where does the humor come from?Humor makes people laugh and seems to be a sign of happiness, but it is not: humor is more derived from pain-although the word pain is a bit hypocritical when uttered by young people. Wang Xiaobo told a story about a Christian who was caught and roasted by barbarians. Seeing that his lower body was covered with oil, the Christian hurriedly said, "Hey, the lower part is already roasted, it's time to roast the upper part." Already." Wang Xiaobo has always emphasized fun throughout his life.Wang Shuo also told another story about the cross talk master Hou Baolin being criticized during the "Cultural Revolution". The Red Guards ordered him to kneel down. Hou Baolin smiled and said, "It's too feudal to kneel down. I might just get down on my knees." This is the best comment on humor. People have different powers. If you are temporarily unable to change your encounters, why not try to change your attitude towards encounters first?Although people cannot be happy forever, they can always be optimistic.This is not the spirit of Ah Q escaping from reality, but precisely the contempt for power, the resistance to unfair fate--a resistance with a smile.Those who have a real sense of humor are all strong in life.

The inner composition of the sense of humor is sadness and music.Sorrow is the sense of reality of the humorist, and it is the face-up to the uncoordinated reality.The sense of music is the humorist's sense of transcendence of reality, a sense of optimism.Sorrow allows humorists to bravely face reality and face up to the weakness of human nature.The sense of music allows the humorist to have a "sudden sense of glory" in front of others or our previous weaknesses, and gives the humorist confidence and courage to set up a sail of victory in adversity. From pain to happiness, there must be some kind of transcendence spirit.Only by transcending reality can we look down on reality and adopt an optimistic attitude towards difficulties.

The famous Russian fable writer Krylov lived in poverty.He rented a house, and the landlord asked him to write on the deed that if the house burned down, he would pay 15,000 rubles in compensation.Krylov read the lease and quietly added a zero after 15,000.The landlord was very happy: "What, one and a half million rubles?" "Yes! Anyway, I can't afford it." Krylov laughed. In social life, people may encounter unfair treatment.Generally speaking, this situation is temporary, and once the truth comes out, the wronged person will be rehabilitated.But in real life, many people cannot treat this kind of grievance with humor.If we learn to be humorous, we will find something beyond the so-called grievances that makes people very happy.Optimism not only relaxes the humorist himself, but also helps to free others who are deeply troubled.

People without a sense of humor don't look at the world positively, and they don't look at their own lives optimistically.Of course, optimism is not blind, but something to be attached to, and it is a kind of open-mindedness after thoroughness.Look at your life optimistically and humor will come naturally. Humor is not honest words, it is the use of wisdom, cleverness and various funny skills to make people laugh, surprised or dumbfounded after reading, and get educated from it.Humor is not only the outburst of wisdom and the expression of kindness, but also a kind of mind and a state.As the writer Wang Meng said: "Humor is a kind of adult wisdom, a kind of penetrating power, and one or two sentences can bring out the deformed and secretive things. It contains both helplessness and healthy hope."

Humor is not glib, mocking or ironic.As a famous person said: impetuousness is difficult to be humorous, pretentiousness is difficult to be humorous, sharp-edged is difficult to be humorous, dullness is difficult to be humorous, dull and clumsy is difficult to be humorous, only calm, equal treatment, detachment, skillful, clever and thorough can be humorous. Lin Yutang, a famous writer, said: "The more humorous you are, the better it is." Take tea for example.In the category of the best tea, whether it is West Lake Longjing, Tieguanyin, or Biluochun, they don’t seem to have any special good taste when they first drink it. , unspeakable" beauty.If someone adds milk first and then sugar because the taste of Tieguanyin is not too strong, it can only be said that he does not know how to drink Tieguanyin.Humor also differs between elegance and vulgarity, the more secluded it is, the more elegant it is, the more silent it is, the more vulgar it is.Although humor does not have to be elegant, but from an artistic point of view, it is better to be subtle than to be revealed.Humor can certainly make people smile meaningfully, laugh out loud, and even laugh "spouting rice" and "hitting the belly", but the most admirable humor is a smile that can make people slightly raise the corners of their mouths.

In Qian Zhongshu's novel, he described a scene like this: "Only two Chinese women can be seen on the deck, and a child who is not considered human - at least the shipping company did not treat her as a human being, and did not ask her parents to buy a ticket for her." When describing this scene, Mr. Qian Zhongshu violated people's normal thinking mode, causing "people's psychological expectations to be emptied". "A child who is not considered human", what people expect is to explain it in terms of age, but the author reveals it from the perspective that the shipping company did not let her make up the fare. This kind of revelation is unexpected but reasonable, and the meaning of humor is beyond words. Humor is a manifestation of wisdom, and it must be based on a wealth of knowledge.Only when a person has the ability to assess the situation and has extensive knowledge can he be able to talk richly, make witty words interesting, and make appropriate metaphors.Therefore, in order to cultivate a sense of humor, one must explore extensively, enrich oneself, constantly collect humorous waves from a vast array of books, and extract humorous gems from the essence of celebrity anecdotes. Here is another example of Mr. Qian Zhongshu. He once wrote this passage: "The gust of foreign fever that has been blowing from the late Qing Dynasty to the present did not blow sand and rocks all at once. Opening foreign meat was still an unappetizing thing..." Here, the "wind" of the abstract "social atmosphere" is compared to the "wind" in the natural phenomenon. Only in this way can the blowing sand and rocks be blown away. It is both vivid and funny, and there is no fanfare of humor, but the taste of humor has already been revealed from the lines. Developing wit and quick insight is an important aspect of improving humor.Only by quickly capturing the essence of things and using appropriate metaphors and humorous language can people feel relaxed.Of course, while being humorous, one should also pay attention to the fact that the important principles should not be neglected, that different problems should be treated differently, that one should be extremely flexible in dealing with problems, and that humor should not be clichéd, so that humor can provide true meaning to human spiritual life. nourishment. Under normal circumstances, the people who are really good at the art of conversation are actually those humorists who are good at leading the topic and turning meaningless conversation into funny at the same time.This kind of person tends to be like a fish in water in the social arena, and can be regarded as a master of humor in social conversations.Monotonous conversation is boring, so a good talker must be good at humor.But this kind of humor does not mean that everything can be used as a joke.For example, about religion, about politics, about great men, about some kind of sympathetic suffering, etc., are never to be laughed at.In some people's opinion, if the words are not humorous enough, it is not enough to show their intelligence. This kind of thinking is unavoidably extreme. American psychologist Paul McKee believes that a sense of humor plays a pivotal role in the development of people's social skills. Being with a humorist is like reading a good book, you can benefit a lot and have a lot of fun. On one occasion, Mrs Astor, Winston Churchill's political enemy, said to him: "Winston, if you were my husband, I would put poison in your coffee." Churchill smiled and said, "Madam, if I were your husband, I would drink that cup of coffee." Here, Churchill satirized the attacks of his political opponents with ingenious answers, instead of facing the conflict directly, and taught the opponent a lesson with gentle but powerful humor.This is a speaking skill worth learning by each of us, even a human skill. Humorous language can release our inner tension and pressure and turn it into a relaxed smile.In communication, humorous language is like a lubricant, which can effectively reduce the "coefficient of friction" between people, resolve conflicts and contradictions, and enable us to calmly get rid of possible difficulties in communication. In social situations, people who talk humorously tend to win, and people who don't have a sense of humor often lose.In communicative occasions, humorous language can easily open up the communicative situation quickly. People who are good at talking sometimes make fun of themselves out of necessity.The famous American lawyer Dieter is a person who is good at making fun of himself. Once, the president of Columbia University introduced Dieter to the audience when he gave a speech: "He can be regarded as the first citizen of our country!" Dieter seemed to be able to seize this rare opportunity immediately and joked Said: "Listen, gentlemen, the first citizen is about to speak." But if he did, he would be a fool whom no one would look up to. So what should he say?He not only wants to use this introduction to humor, but also to gain the audience's goodwill.He said: "I didn't quite understand the term Mr. Principal said just now. The first citizen - what does it refer to? Now I think that he probably refers to the citizen often mentioned in Shakespeare's plays. Principal Sir must be a person with great experience in the study of Shakespeare's plays. When he introduced me, he must have thought of his Shakespeare plays again. The audience must know that Shakespeare often intersperses many citizens in his plays. Most people say only one or two sentences, and most of them are people without eloquence and insight. But they are almost all good people. Even if the first and second positions are exchanged, there will be no difference at all. place." Before he finished speaking, there was a tidal wave of applause from the audience. If we can use more humorous and wise words in life, it can really make us healthy physically and mentally, and smooth interpersonal relationships, and our life will be full of joy and freshness everywhere! It is better to seek "naturalness" in everything, and the same is true for humor.Prepared humor can certainly cope with some occasions, but it is inevitable that it will be artificial; humor played on the spot is more skillful and more elegant. In 1975, at the doctoral dissertation defense meeting of the University of Paris, the French examiner asked Mr. Lu Kanru a strange question: "In the poem "The Peacock Flies Southeast", why doesn't it say 'The Peacock Flies Northwest'?" Lu Kanru responded Said: "There are tall buildings in the northwest." He cleverly used the sentence "There are tall buildings in the northwest, and the top is as high as the floating clouds" in the nineteen ancient poems as the reason for the peacock to fly southeast.It is amazing to be able to answer questions wittily in the face of Diao. Humor is not the product of deliberation, but the crystallization of wit and nature, often connected with quickness and ingenuity. On the train bound for Geneva, the conductor is checking tickets.A gentleman was frantically looking for his ticket. He rummaged through all his pockets and finally found it.He said to himself, "Thank God, I found it at last." "It doesn't matter if you can't find it!" said a gentleman nearby. "I have been to Geneva twenty times without buying a ticket." His words happened to be heard by the train conductor standing aside, so after the train arrived at Geneva station, the gentleman was taken to the detention center and interrogated. "You said that you came to Geneva twenty times without a ticket." "Yes, I did." "You don't know, this is illegal?" "I do not think so." "So, how do you explain the ticketless ride?" "It's very simple. I came here by car." This gentleman really has the ability to "turn straw into gold bars".There is no doubt that he is a passenger without a ticket, but he can cleverly use humor to excuse himself. What can the conductor do with him? Playing on the spot is a kind of skill, but also a kind of mind. It requires us to have a cool head, keep calm and calm, and not rush.In various evening parties and cultural performances, many hosts and actors reacted on the spot and made surprising witticisms, adding fuel to the joyful atmosphere of the evening and winning applause and love from the audience. On-the-spot humor depends on discovering and grasping the "catalyst" in time, so as to make clever associations and play it appropriately. When an actor sang the Leting Dagu, the drum board hit the ground a few times, and the drum fell to the ground with a bang, causing the audience to be in an uproar.The host took advantage of the moment when the actor bent down to pick up the drum and said cordially: "Everyone, today's show was added temporarily, and the actor didn't have time to bring his own drum, so he used someone else's. It seems that this drum is a bit unfamiliar. " One sentence eased the tense atmosphere, and we had to admire the host. Next, when an acrobat was performing "Stepping on Eggs", one of the eggs under his feet was accidentally trampled, and the audience saw it all. The actor was very embarrassed and changed another egg. , to prove that the egg is real, so the actor deliberately crushed one for everyone to see." Unfortunately, as soon as the host finished speaking, another egg was crushed under the actor's feet.The audience immediately turned to the host, let's see what you say this time.The host sighed helplessly, and said, "Alas, fake and inferior products have been repeatedly banned in the society, and it seems that we will not be able to catch them—even hens produce inferior products!" This humorous, witty no-nonsense, admirable, instantly filled the audience. During World War II, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill came to Washington to meet with then-US President Roosevelt, asking the United States to join them in fighting German fascism and providing material aid to Britain.Churchill was warmly received and arranged to live in the White House.One morning, Churchill was lying in the tub, smoking his oversized cigar.The door opened, and it was Roosevelt who entered.Churchill had a big belly, and his belly was sticking out of the water... It was a bit embarrassing for these two leaders to meet at this moment.At this moment, Churchill had an idea, threw the cigarette butt away, and said: "Mr. President, I am the British Prime Minister in front of you. I am really open and honest, and I have nothing to hide." After finishing speaking, the two laughed.Subsequently, the talks between the two sides were successful. Here we cannot say that Churchill's humor played a huge role in the success of the talks, but his "no concealment at all" not only alleviated the plight of individuals and the country at that time, but also implied frank help and mutual trust.How could Roosevelt not feel it? Humor can make people laugh, but it is a smile that enlightens people's mind and a flash of wisdom.Humor can express the speaker's thoughts, feelings and attitude towards life, and can reflect the speaker's gentleness and tolerance. It is a skill for the speaker to express his ideas. Hou Baolin's cross talk "Buy a Buddhist Altar" told such a joke: Xiaojia: "Auntie, are you going out? Ha... have you bought a Buddhist altar?" Auntie: "Young people don't have any rules when speaking. This is a Buddhist altar. Can you say 'buy'? You have to say please." Xiaojia: "Huh? Oh, ma'am, I don't understand. How much did you pay for this altar?" Auntie: "Hey, it's just such a thing, Bamao!" The old lady respects the gods and Buddha, and thinks that young people don't understand the rules, but because she loves money, she speaks disrespect, which is intriguing and profound. I was chatting with several friends once, and one of them told such a story: There is a lazy man who refuses to do anything, and no one wants to hire him.As time went by, he couldn't live on, so he had to ask relatives and friends to introduce him to the easiest job.Someone introduced him to see the cemetery.In fact, there is nothing easier than doing this job.The lazy man went happily, but came back not long after, and said to the introducer angrily: "I quit." "Why?" I'm standing alone!" My friends laughed aloud because the lazy man's words were completely unexpected. There is irony in the humor too, but there is always a smiley revelation and a spark of wit.The former Soviet psychologist Platupov said: "Humor hides a serious attitude towards things behind laughter, but irony hides jokes behind serious forms." The husband and wife were chatting together, and the husband said to his wife: "Why did God make women so beautiful but so stupid?" We were made stupid to love you." The characteristics of humor are sharp and mean, playful but not explicit, and contain the speaker's kindness and kindness and superb language art.Some people even distinguish the levels of people in this way: if they can laugh when they listen to others, this person is a normal person; if they can tell jokes and make others laugh, they have a sense of humor; Self-deprecation is the highest grade of humor. The most important factor in creating humor is limited language. Absurd contrasts, suspense, reversal mutations, and recognition can be used to create a humorous mood that contains complex emotions, is full of fun and intriguing. The method of analogy humor refers to comparing two or more things that are irrelevant or even completely opposite, and have no historical or conventional connection with each other, so as to reveal their differences, that is, incongruity factor. In analogical humor, the more obvious the difference between the two sides of the comparison, the more appropriate the timing of the comparison and the choice of media, the stronger the degree of incongruity caused, the deeper the other party's understanding of the difference between the two sides of the analogy, and the humorous artistic conception created. The more intriguing it is. Gan Luo's grandfather was the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty.One day, Gan Luo saw his grandfather walking up and down in the back garden, and kept moaning. "Grandpa, what's wrong with you?" Gan Luo asked. "Oh, my son, the king has listened to someone's instigation, insisted on finding a hen to crow, and ordered the civil and military forces of the Manchu Dynasty to try to find it. If they can't find it within three days, everyone will be punished." "King Qin is too unreasonable." Gan Luo said angrily.He blinked, thought of an idea, and said, "But don't worry, grandpa, I have a solution. I'll go to court for you tomorrow." The next morning, Gan Luo really went to court for his grandfather.He walked into the palace unhurriedly and saluted King Qin. The King of Qin was very upset and said, "What kind of trouble is this little boy here! Where is your grandfather?" Gan Luo said: "My lord, my grandfather can't come today. He is giving birth at home, so I asked me to come to court for him." King Qin laughed loudly after hearing this: "You child, why are you talking nonsense! How can a man's family have children?" Gan Luo said: "Since the king knows that men cannot bear children, how can hens crow?" Originally, King Qin's hen crowing was absurd enough, but it was difficult to persuade King Qin rationally at that time, so Gan Luo used the opposite of the opposite, juxtaposing two equally absurd things, revealing the unreasonableness of King Qin's request. Sexuality, showing a great sense of incongruity, so that humor arises spontaneously. In the debate, using the homonym or synonymous relationship in the language to make words or sentence patterns involve two things at the same time, saying one thing on the surface but actually saying the other, is a frequently used pun.Puns can make the expression lively, euphemistic and subtle, chewable, and have an endless aftertaste. Simodo von Karman is a famous modern aviation master. When he was eighty years old, the US government awarded him the first "National Medal of Science" in the United States. When von Karman walked down the steps after the award ceremony, he seemed to be struggling due to severe arthritis, and the President of the United States hurried up to help him.After expressing his gratitude to him, von Karman gently pushed away the president's hand and said, "Mr. President, those who walk downhill don't need support, only those who raise their feet and climb can ask for a helping hand." Here, von Karman borrowed the context and cleverly set up puns. On the surface, he was talking about going downhill and uphill, but in fact, he implied that he hoped that the president would pay more attention to scientific researchers who are working hard to climb to the peak of science under difficult conditions. The meaning is profound. Express well.Clever use of puns will surely make things more effective. There is such a story in ancient times, it is said that a county magistrate rode to Wangzhuang with his entourage to deal with official business. , old man, how do I get to Wangzhuang?" The farmer ignored him and just hurried on his way.The magistrate yelled at him to stop.The farmer said: "I don't have time. I'm going to Liuzhuang to see something strange." The magistrate asked, "What strange thing?" "Really? How can a horse dismount an ox? It should be dismounted!" The county magistrate was baffled, but the farmer replied seriously: "There are many strange things in the world. How do I know that animal won't dismount?" Facing the rude county magistrate, the farmer wittily used semantic puns to point at "beasts" to reprimand the county magistrate, and his method of scolding was really clever. Puns are a wonderful weapon of debate. When using them, you must adhere to the principle of civilized expression and convince people with reasoning. The style is noble and elegant, and the content is pure and upright. Cursing. As the saying goes: better than not knowing.Contrast enables us to discover the peculiar in the ordinary and the absurd in the normal.Contrast also forms differences and creates contradictions. If life is compared to a stage, comparison allows us to see different people's interpretation of their roles, and see the same person's performance in different scenes. heart smile. Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was invited to a radio station to deliver an important speech.The car broke down on the way, so he called a taxi from the side of the road and said to the driver: "Drive me to BBC Radio." "Sorry, I can't go, I'm just going home to listen to the radio, to hear Churchill's speech!" said the driver. Churchill was very happy, and immediately took out a pound to the driver. The driver was also very happy when he saw so much money, and he exclaimed: "Get in the car! Fuck Churchill." The comparison of these two scenes may have embarrassed Churchill, but we found it very humorous. Einstein dressed poorly when he was not famous.Once, an acquaintance saw him on the streets of New York and asked: "Why are you dressed so shabby?" Einstein replied, "Nobody here knows me anyway." A few years later, when Einstein became famous in one fell swoop, the acquaintance met him on the streets of New York and asked in amazement: "Why are you still dressed in such shabby clothes?" Einstein replied with a smile: "Anyway, everyone here already knows me." Here, two opposite answers to the same question constitute a contrast.In the comparison, we fully felt Einstein's unrestrained demeanor and sense of humor. One day, Tieguai Li, one of the Eight Immortals, walked across a small bridge made of two pieces of wood, one high and the other low.Tieguai Li walked by, just making do with his long and short lame legs, which was more stable than walking on flat ground.Therefore, he was full of praise: "A bridge in the world, even if this bridge is the best!" A few days later, Tieguai Li walked back.This time the direction of walking happened to be reversed from the last time, so the high and low logs on the bridge did not fit his legs.He walked on high logs with long legs and low logs with short legs, limping even more than usual.He got angry and cursed repeatedly: "The bridge in the world, even if it is the worst repaired!" Contrast always creates a gap in people's psychology, and we often feel humor in this gap. The so-called relative comparison is to compare two similar objects, so as to discover the interestingness, absurdity and philosophy in them. "Last week, a grain of sand got into my wife's eye, and it cost three dollars to see a doctor." "What's that! In the early days, a fur coat stood in my wife's eyes, and I spent three hundred dollars." Men's complaints are "escalated" in this relative contrast. A woman flaunted her wealth at a banquet. She said, "I often wash diamonds with warm water, rubies with red wine, emeralds with brandy, and sapphires with milk. What about you?" She asked a lady beside her. "Oh, I don't wash at all!" said the other, "Whenever these things get dusty, I throw them away." The flaunting of "richness" by the two rich wives is indeed a bit exaggerated, and it is this exaggerated contrast that can reveal the humorous mood. The U.S. military has a rule that no soldier should have long hair.When General Haig was the commander-in-chief of NATO forces, he had long hair. An American soldier who was forbidden to grow long hair saw a portrait of General Haig with long hair in a pictorial, tore it off, and pasted it on the door of the office of the officer who forbade him to grow long hair.In protest, he drew an arrow pointing at the commander-in-chief's hair, and wrote a line: Please look at his hair! The major saw this ingenious letter of protest, and instead of calling out the aggrieved soldier to reprimand him, he extended the arrow to point to the commander-in-chief's collar patch, and wrote a line: Please see his official title! It was humorous for the major to answer the soldier's protest in this way. Clever word order can also cause contrast, because of the particularity of its method, we discuss it in a separate section. The order of language is often arranged according to certain habits, but in real life, there is often such a phenomenon: sometimes the speaker only needs to change the order of the original words without adding new words to produce The new meaning, against the background of the original sentence, appears to be a novel and profound artistic conception, thus leaving a humorous impression on people. Qian Zhongshu, a great scholar who has learned both Chinese and Western cultures, is well-known at home and abroad for his novels and academic monograph "Guan Zhui Pian". Some young writers asked Mr. Qian Zhongshu for advice. In the library, you must first place the library in your own works.” The meaning here is very clear: if you want to achieve success in your studies, you must read a lot of books, learn from others, and integrate them, so that you can become a family.But Mr. Qian did not use those stereotypes, but expressed the meaning concisely by changing the word order. Because of his unique approach and humor, it is unforgettable. Mr. Zou Taofen once attended the meeting of commemorating Mr. Lu Xun. When it was his turn to give a speech, he said: "It's getting late today, and I only use one sentence to commemorate Mr.: Many people surrender without fighting, but Mr. Lu Xun did not surrender after fighting!" As soon as this remark came out, it won warm applause. Mr. Zou understands the charm of changing word order.He wanted to praise Mr. Lu Xun's spirit of "fighting but not surrendering", but he mentioned "surrendering without fighting" first, resulting in a change in the word order, and the diametrically opposed meanings are more obvious from the comparison. It shows Mr. Lu Xun's great personality of tenaciously fighting against the dark forces. Former U.S. President Kennedy gave a speech to the crowd. He said: "Ask not what your country can do for you, but ask what you can do for your country." Over the years, this sentence has become the motto of the American public and has a great influence Big.The reason is that Kennedy succinctly clarified the principle that citizens should solve the country's problems and assume responsibilities and obligations by means of a clever change of word order. In daily speaking, paying attention to the skill of changing word order can make our speech full of humor. Subjective and objective contrast too much, or contradict each other, easy to produce humorous effect. A young man wrote to his girlfriend, "Darling, for you, I will not hesitate to jump into the abyss; to meet you, I will overcome any difficulty... I am going to see you on Sunday Go there, if it doesn't rain..." He vowed to overcome any difficulties, but a rain can stop him, and the contradictions caused by the inconsistency between words and deeds are hilarious. Pierre was one of the painters in Paris.He considers himself an avant-garde. Once, he opened a painting exhibition on the banks of the Seine and hung up all his works.A woman in her fifties passed by, saw his paintings, and said: "Oh, this picture is really interesting. The eyes are facing that way, the nostrils are facing the sky, and the mouth is triangular!" Pierre said to the old woman: "You are welcome to visit, ma'am. This is the modern beauty I describe." "Oh—that would be great. Are you married, young man? Shall I marry you my daughter who looks exactly like this picture?" A question from the old woman put Pierre in a dilemma of double standards. This contradiction between the subjective world and the objective world creates a strong contrast and creates a humorous atmosphere. At the nightclub, a dancer asked the sergeant, "How many planes are there at your airport?" The sergeant said seriously: "Don't you understand that soldiers should keep military secrets? How can a soldier casually reveal to strangers that there are fifty bombers at my airport?" He kept saying that he wanted to keep the secrets, but he still leaked the secrets. He took over the other party's words, as if he wanted to give in to the other party, but suddenly he went against the trend and forced the conclusion that the other party didn't want to accept to him with deductive logic. The most important thing about humor is to restrain the edge of attack. This refers to the general situation, but it is not the case in special cases.Especially in front of extremely despicable things and people, or when you can't bear external attacks, teasing too easily will not only appear weak and incompetent, lacking a sense of justice, but will also cause the other party to attack more aggressively. 在这种情况下，再不以牙还牙，以眼还眼，就会丧失人格了。这时的攻击锋芒，不但不可钝化，而且应该锐化。越是锐化，越是淋漓尽致，越有现场效果。而现场效果最强的方法则是反戈一击法。 苏格兰诗人彭斯，见到一个富翁被人从河里救起来，而那个冒着生命危险救了富翁的穷人，他得到的只是一个铜元的报酬。围观者群情激愤，都想把这个富翁重新丢到河里去。这时彭斯对众人说： “放了他吧，他了解自己生命的价值！” 彭斯的幽默是很有戏剧性的，表面上他扭转了众人的愤激，实质上他比众人更加蔑视这个为富不仁的家伙。彭斯幽默的妙处在于对于富人的吝啬作出了特殊的解释，把给别人报酬之低转化为对自己生命价值的低估。 幽默的攻击性在这里恰如其分，幽默感并未因攻击性之强烈而逊色，这得力于彭斯的不动声色，而且貌似温和，实质上则是绵里藏针。 在这种情况下，针对这样的不义之人，如果仅用调笑性幽默就嫌分量不够了。 弱者对付强者之时，凶猛的反击比温良的微笑更能引起人们的同情。 孔融10岁时随父亲到洛阳一个名人家去；他应对自如，主人及来宾均甚惊奇。有一位姓陈的官员却说： “小时候挺不错的，长大了不见得有多好。”孔融说：“看来你小时大概是挺不错的。” 孔融的反应这么快，而且又这样顺理成章，实在是不可多得的。人们在欣赏他以弱胜强之时，对他的锋芒毕露就略而不计了。 在反戈一击时，要善于抓住对方的一句话、一个比喻、一个结论，然后把它倒过来去针对对方，把他本不想说的荒谬的话、不愿接受的结论用演绎的逻辑硬塞给他，叫他推辞不得，叫苦不迭，无可奈何。 德国19世纪诗人海涅是个犹太人，常常遭到无礼的攻击。在一次晚会上，一个旅行家对他说：“我发现了一个岛，这个岛上居然没有犹太人和驴子！”海涅白了他一眼，不动声色地说：“看来，只有你我一起去那个岛上，才会弥补这个缺陷。” 用幽默的语言、幽默的推理方式骂人，比直接骂人要含蓄得多。正因为含蓄，才可以把一些不便出口的、有伤大雅的字眼包含在其中。而这些字眼又是从对方口中接过来以逻辑的方法回敬过去的，对方要反击，除了取消自己刚才所说的话以外，别无他法。可是君子一言，驷马难追，有谁有这等本领呢？ 反向求因幽默法就是要求在推理过程中善于钻空子，特别是往反面去钻空子，把极其微小的巧合的可能性当作立论的出发点。 在生活中有某种常态，在思维中有某种常理，人们的联想都为这种习惯了的常态和常理反复训练达到自动化的程度，以致一个结果出来，便会自动地联想到通常的原因。 反向求因法的特点，就是把一个极其微小的可能性当成现实，虽并不能最后取消对方提出的另一种更大的可能性。比这种类型的方法更具有喜剧性的是另一种完全否定了原来因果关系的幽默方法。 一位叫约翰的病人问医生：“我能活到90岁吗？” 医生检查了一下约翰的身体后，问道：“你今年多大啦？” 病人说：“40岁。” “你有什么嗜好吗？比如说，喜欢饮酒、吸烟、赌钱、女人，或者其他的嗜好？” “我最恨吸烟、喝酒，更讨厌女人。” “天哪，那你还要活到90岁干什么？” 本来读者的期待是：戒绝烟酒女人得到肯定的评价，其结果则不但相反，而且把这一切当成了生命意义。否定了这一切，就否定了活到90岁的价值，那就是这一切的价值高出于长命的价值之上。 这种幽默方法可贵之处，不仅在于结论，而且在于推演的过程，要环环紧扣，层层深入。 幽默家在进行幽默思维时，常常把两件表面上似乎毫无联系的事物牵扯在一起，从不协调中产生新的协调，从而产生幽默，我们不妨把它叫做“近远联想法”。可以说，近远联想法是幽默思维的基本要素，也是创造性思维的重要因素。 俄罗斯有一位著名的丑角演员杜罗夫。在一次演出的幕间休息时，一个很傲慢的观众走到他的身边，讥讽地问道：“丑角先生，观众对你非常欢迎吧？” "fine." “要想在马戏班中受到欢迎，丑角是不是就必须具有一张愚蠢而又丑怪的脸蛋呢？” “确实如此。”杜罗夫回答说，“如果我能生一张像先生您那样的脸蛋的话，我准能拿到双薪。” 这位傲慢观众的脸蛋，同杜罗夫能否拿双薪，本无丝毫内在的联系，在这里杜罗夫却巧妙地把它们牵扯在一起，从而产生了幽默，对这位傲慢的观众进行了讽刺。 著名的法国钢琴家乌尔蒙年轻时，一天，他弹奏拉威尔的名曲《悼念公主的孔雀舞曲》，节奏太慢，正在听他弹奉的拉威尔忍不住地对他说：“孩子，你要注意，死的是公主，而不是孔雀。”在这里，拉威尔采用的也是近远联想法。他将公主与孔雀这两种原来互不相干的事物，出人意料地联系起来，使人们产生惊奇，并在笑声中意会到拉威尔话语的真正含义。 拉威尔对乌尔蒙的演奏“节奏太慢”，并不是采取直接批评的方式，而是采用巧妙的暗示：“死的是公主，而不是孔雀。”这样，使演奏者首先得回味一下，拉威尔的话到底是什么意思？弄清楚了，便意识到自己处理作品中的失误。应该加快速度，快到什么程度呢？拉威尔的话给了提示，是孔雀舞曲。演奏者的脑海中定会浮现出美丽的孔雀翩翩起舞的英姿。拉威尔的旁敲侧击，使乌尔蒙明白了自己的毛病所在。 要想学习近远联想法的幽默技巧，也是可以办到的，你只要在脑子里排除一般的常规的联想和专业性的联想，那么剩下的联想一般都可称之为“近远联想”。你也不妨试一试。 运用跟本意相反的词语来表达本意，从而使语言具有幽默的情趣，这种表达手法就叫作“反语法”。“反语法”言事反说，形褒实贬，形贬实褒，形成大起大落的语音化，透出诙谐之乐趣。 一个朋友好久不见，突然见面，发现他长胖了。你可以这样调侃：“你越来越有膘了！”这带点戏谑性的幽默似乎不太雅观，如果换成正话反说：“啊！你怎么越来越苗条了！”幽默的表达会令你的朋友嗔怪地笑起来。 从字面上听，这似乎荒诞不经，但从深层次上去理解，它传达出另一层意思，虽不明言，却了然于心。二者一对照，反差就强烈，谐趣就形成了。 还有一种是反话正说，表面是肯定，实际是否定，形褒实贬，形成大起大落的语言变化，透示出诙谐之乐趣。 这些方法被广泛运用于生活之中。 有一次，一位朋友在说起“乘车难”时，滔滔不绝地介绍起乘车的学问。 先说上车，车来时，上策为“抢位”——犹如球场上的抢点。精确计算位置，让车门正好停在身边，可首先据要津之利。当然，必须顶住！此中诀窍是：上身倾向来车方向。稳住下身，千万莫被随车涌来的人流冲走。 中策则“贴边”。外行才正对车门，弄得拥来晃去，上不了车，枉费心力。最好的办法是贴住车厢，装出一付泰然自若的样子，一点一点地把“无根基”者拱开。只要一抓住车门，你就赢了。 下策呢，是敢“搭挂”，将足尖嵌入车门（万勿先进脑袋），而后靠紧车门，往里“鼓拥”，只要司机关不上门，他就得让你上车。 这里反话正说，表面教你不守秩序，实际是讽刺不守秩序之士。由于这些以肯定语气讲的话是明显荒谬的，因而才是可笑的。 生活中，很多人善用此法讽刺丑恶，鞭挞罪行。 形褒实贬的关键在于由褒转贬时要十分奇特，出人意料。“反语法”作为用来攻击他人的工具时，有一个重要的前提必须把握。那就是无论你的反语如何含蓄，必须能够让欣赏者接受，听出真正的意思来，这样才能达到幽默的目的；否则可能是泥牛入海，毫无反应，也可能引出意想不到的误会来。 运用词语的多义或同音现象，在特定的语境中，有意使词句具有双重意义，达到言在此而意在延续的表达效果，即是“双关法”。 其中，“借义双关”是利用词语的多义性，借用词语的表面意义来表现更深一层的意思。 古时候，有个睁眼瞎子，被诬告，逮进了县衙，审判时，他说：“我看不见东西，怎么会作案呢？” 县官大怒，说：“你一双眼睛，黑是黑、白是白，怎么还说看不见？这不是骗本老爷吗？先打上二十大板！” 瞎子怎么哀求也没有用，只好笑着说：“老爷看我是明明白白的，小人看老爷可是糊糊涂涂的呀！” 在这则幽默中，“糊糊涂涂”用得实在是妙极了，瞎子本意是说自己看县官时的真实感觉，但一下子却让旁观者“双关”到县官的昏庸糊涂上去了，其幽默之处在于，这是一个孤苦无助、受人冤枉的盲人自我辩护中的一个用语，却歪打正着地骂了昏官，令人不禁莞尔，又痛快淋漓。 巧用同音异义词，充满调笑又常含隐喻，可发人雅兴，令人捧腹。这是一种典型的戏弄、调笑言辞。 指鹿为马幽默法就是用双方心照不宣的名实不符，把白的说成黑的，从而产生反差，传达另外一层真正要表示的意思，达到幽默交流的目的。 人们之所以能心照不宣，原因是语言表层含义的不同。从字面上看，你是指鹿为马，指白说黑；从深层意思是说你传达了另外一层意思，这层意思虽不明白，但已了然于心，而其了然的程度比明白讲出来更深，更能表现出幽默感。 幽默的生命常常在名实不符的判断中产生。 指鹿为马是不科学的，但是如果不是有意欺骗，双方心照不宣地名实不符，则能产生幽默感。 英军总司令威灵顿公爵在滑铁卢大败拿破仑后，凯旋伦敦，当时举办了一个相当隆重而盛大的庆祝晚宴，参加这次宴会的有各界社会名流、贵族绅士，还有许多参战的军官和士兵。 晚宴的菜肴十分丰盛，末了，在每一个人面前都摆了一碗清水。其中一名士兵竟大大方方地将这碗水端起来喝了一口，见此情形，在场的贵族都窃笑不已。 原来，这碗水是在吃点心之前用来洗手的，而这个农家出身的士兵哪里会懂得这种宫廷里的规矩，因而出了笑话，当时，那位士兵羞得满脸通红。 就在这个时候，威灵顿端起这碗洗手水站了起来。 “各位女士们、先生们，让我们共同举杯为这位英勇的战士干一杯吧！”一阵热烈的掌声后，大家举杯同饮。 那位士兵和在场的每一个人都为威灵顿公爵的人品和作风大为感动。 威灵顿公爵的指鹿为马，不仅为那位士兵解脱了困境，也表现了他崇高的人品和幽默感。 幽默法就是利用对方预期转化的心理，巧设悬念，解释悬念，出奇制胜，但其解释在真理与歪理之间。 由于幽默通常有这样一个规律，它总有个对转，总是让你领悟到你原来期待不同的东西，笑是在期待失落以后产生的。久而久之，一旦进入幽默的情境，人们总是期待十分出乎意外的谜底，这就形成了一种心理习惯，用心理学的术语来说，叫“心理定势”。 这是幽默的正格，但是幽默不拘一格，像任何其他事物，有正格意味着必有破格，有预期的失落，必有预期失落的失落，故弄玄虚法就属于这种破格。 法国寓言家拉封丹习惯于每天早上吃一个土豆，有一天，他把土豆放在餐厅的壁炉上晾一晾，可转眼之间却不翼而飞了。他不知道是谁拿走的。 于是，他大声叫喊起来：“啊，我的上帝，请告诉我，是谁吃了我放在壁炉上的那个土豆？” 他的佣人匆匆走来说：“不是我。” “那就太好了！” “先生为什么这样说？”他的佣人问。 “因为我在土豆上放了砒霜，想用它毒老鼠。” “啊，上帝！我中毒了！”那个佣人焦急地喊道。 拉封丹笑了：“放心了，我不过想让你说真话罢了。” 这里，拉封丹用的正是故弄玄虚法，从心理预期来说是双重的失落。第一次是仆人说自己没有吃，而拉封丹说太好了，仆人有轻松的预期，结果却转化为非常严重的后果。接着又来了一个对转，预期的危险完全消失：这是双料的故弄玄虚幽默。 故弄玄虚法的全部奥秘就是利用对方预期转化的心理。这种方法变化万千，有时不是给人一种双重转化，而是相反，故意给他一个没有转化的谜底，让他期待对转的心理落空，恢复到常态。 值得注意的是幽默的功力不仅在于构成悬念，而且在于解释悬念。解释悬念，要有一定的逻辑性，才能服人。 所以，在解释悬念时，往往要讲一点歪道理。歪道理从逻辑上来说，本来就是没道理，明明没道理，却要讲出道理来，就靠歪得巧妙，不给人武断之感。这时的关键就在于抓住任何一点在概念上沾上边的枝节来作为推理的支点，大加发挥。 因此可以说，幽默之妙就妙在“真理”与“歪理”之间。 所谓以正导反法是指一方用正面的前提作反面的解释，向另一方发起突然的攻击，使另一方来不及反应，在斗智的游戏中失败。 通常情况下，在斗智性的交谈中，这种以正导反式的幽默最难防守，但作为进攻却是比较容易使用的。在正常心理的顺序上，原因在前，结果在后，反面的动机、原因，造成了正面的行为、结果。而在幽默和程式中则相反，正面的结果在前，反面的动机在后，这样才可能造成对方预期的失落和发现的惊异。 一位画家到一个风景优美的地方去度假写生，他和一个农夫住在一起，假期结束时，画家想送给农夫一些钱，但农夫说：“不，我不要钱，你给我一张你画的画吧！钱有什么用？一个星期之内就花完了，但你的画将会永世长存。” 这对于画家来说自然是好事，是一个积极的有利于己的要求，是很难不接受的。画家非常高兴，并感谢农夫称赞他的画。 农夫笑着答道：“我并非为了别的，我有个儿子在伦敦，他想成为一名画家，他下个月来这里的时候，我要把你的画拿给他看，我想这样一来，他就不会再想成为画家了。” 幽默的奥秘都在出人意外似真而谬的解释中，在这里农夫的要求是正面的，而解释却是反面的。提出正面的要求是为了引导出反面动机。 以正导反式的幽默关键在于：导向反面时，其理由要十分奇特，它必须别出心裁，它必须发人之所未发。在构思这种类型的幽默时，切忌拘泥，最要不得的是过分的实，放不开想象的翅膀，幽默感是一种情感的自由，是从现实的压迫中获得的一种解放，而解放的极致往往就进入了某种假定的境界，只有进入了这个境界，才够味。 正话反说，有时表面是肯定，实际是否定，在大起大落的语言变化中，透示出诙谐的乐趣，因而达到言此就彼的言语张力。 古代庄宗爱好打猎。他率大批人马外出打猎，踩倒了很多庄稼。当地县官出面制止，惹庄宗大怒，县官不服。这时，一个叫敬新磨的优伶站出来，捋袖摩拳地痛骂道： “你身为县官，难道不知道我们天子喜欢打猎吗？你为什么要唆使老百姓种田而向皇上交租税呢？你难道不会让老百姓都饿死，而使这里的田地都空出来，供给我们皇上驰骋打猎用吗？”敬新磨说完，请求庄宗立即将县官处死。庄宗明白其用意，放了县官。 敬新磨正话反说，表面是训县官，实际是说庄宗，使庄宗认识错误，迷途知返。 蕴含的幽默，是种充满情趣的正话反说。 一句幽默、风趣的反语，一句善意、巧妙的批评，化解了矛盾，增加了理解，收到了意想不到的效果。 护士小陈去某商场买布料，她选中了一块灰色大方格布料。但她发现布口是斜的，不是沿方格走的，于是便要求售货员把斜口裁正以后再扯。售货员不耐烦地说：“你这人真自私，怎么不替别人想想？” 小陈听后很恼火，回答道：“我自私，我当然要自私。布是给我扯的，不是给你扯的，不是给别人扯的。你不自私，把好好的料子扯斜了，你多会替别人着想啊！”几句话说得售货员哑口无言。 小陈抓住对方的话把，运用正话反说，在“自私”和“替别人着想”这两个词上做文章，反驳非常有力。正话反说，使小陈的话具有很强的讽刺味道，比泼口骂人要体面得多。 正话反说，可提高论辩语言的战斗力，是反击对手的有力武器，但要注意场合，不可滥用，因为它具有很大的攻击性。 故作愚蠢幽默术是通过故意装傻的方式，以表面的愚蠢来掩饰自己的难堪或寄寓过人的智慧，让人透过表象，曲折地品尝出潜藏的幽默之趣。 通常，人们都十分注意自己的外在形象，力求给人留下聪明绝伦的印象，稍稍做了一点“傻”事，都要想方设法地掩饰过去，很少有人愿意将自己的“愚蠢”暴露给大家看。这几乎成了一个思维定式。正是这个定式给我们提供了施展幽默才华的空间。偶尔故意地装装傻，煞有介事地暴露一下自己的缺陷，人们初看之下会吃上一惊，不免对你产生疑问，继而加以思考，随即完全领悟，发出会心的微笑，进而佩服你的机智和幽默。 有一个流浪汉闯进一个果园，他见到什么摘什么。苹果、梨什么的，摘了好多。一边摘一边塞进自己的怀里和口袋里。 园主突然走过来，一把抓住他的衣襟，问道：“你怎么跑进我的果园里来了？” 流浪汉吃了一惊，只好答道：“对不起，老兄！这几天刮大风，是风把我吹到这里来的。” 园主问：“那你为什么要摘我的苹果和梨？” 流浪汉：“风太大了，把我吹得东倒西歪，所以我碰到什么就抓什么，要不风就把我刮跑啦！” 园主问：“那你为什么把果子装到你的口袋里呢？” 流浪汉：“真对不起，你来的时候，我也正在想这个问题呢！” 流浪汉偷摘园主的苹果和梨而被当场拿获，当然十分难堪，却又不得不找些理由为自己辩护。他厚着脸皮，东拉西扯，却不能自圆其说，被园主抓住要害，逼得无路可走。忽然间，急中生智，来一个故意装傻，把过人的机敏隐藏于痴呆木讷的表象之中。园主听了他最后一句话，会不免一怔，随即自然会哈哈大笑，佩服流浪汉的幽默，当然也会宽恕他。 故作愚蠢幽默术要求你不动声色地把自己的“愚蠢”惟妙惟肖地展露，这样人们才会因为意料不到而惊诧莫名：“这个人怎么啦，他真的这么傻吗？”疑窦顿生，随着疑问的涣然冰释，你的真实意图的暴露，就给人们带来一种说不出的快意，幽默的春风就拂过人们心田。 在人际交往中，故作愚蠢有着很强的戏谑性。人们不会为了一个人的聪明而发笑，也不会留意那些刻意耍弄的小聪明。而愚蠢却是人们的聚焦点，不管是真的，还是假的，人们都乐于为之开怀。何况故作愚蠢本是高度机智的产物，对方和自己都明白其中的“呆傻”的成分，双方心照不宣，又抵制不住其俏皮味的诱惑，笑得也就更加地快意和自然。 应当注意的是，故作愚蠢背后所隐藏的真实意思，要让对方稍加思考后就能明白。即要让对方很容易明白你的“愚蠢”是假的，是你故意运用它来制造幽默。不然，对方对你的“愚蠢”百思不得其解，不仅领会不到你幽默的本意，反而会真的认为你是一个愚蠢的人，这可就糟了。 真痴真呆法的运用方式，一般是在讲话或文章中以引用幽默故事的形式出现。如在即兴发言或交谈中穿插一二则，就能增强讲话的幽默感，起到讽喻、启迪的作用。 真痴真呆法以谬为真，实质愚蠢，其蠢言是愚行，虽一方甚至双方均不知其谬，但是听众或读者却一眼就能看出其荒谬绝伦，有悖于常理，甚至不合常识。常理和常识是人际交往中不言自明的前提，而在故事或幽默中却成了矛盾的焦点。 请看一个真痴真呆的实例： 有个苏格兰人佛·斯图思在镶牙后用伪钞支付医疗费，因此被医生告到了法院。在法庭审讯时，佛·斯图思要申述说：“牙科医生给我安装的是假牙，我当然要付假钞。” 此话显然荒谬，假牙可以代替真牙咀嚼，而假钞却不能代替真钞起流通作用。佛·斯图思钱迷心窃，说出这翻痴言傻话，不过是自欺欺人，想蒙混过关。由于并非表里不一，因此，属真痴真呆一类。 某电站外挂着一块告示牌，上面用红色大字醒目地写着：“严禁触摸电线！5000伏高压，一触即