Chapter 7 Chapter 6 Magical Use of Body Language by Leaders

A successful verbal communication = 7% speech + 38% tone + 55% facial expression - Albert Meharobin In real life, most leaders, because they are entangled in various things, will inevitably have erratic eyes when talking with people.Especially when facing many people, it is more difficult to find a gaze point.He can't see others in his eyes, and he can't let others see himself through his eyes. In the end, what he speaks becomes a lonely mountain without flowing water, boring and lifeless. Therefore, as a leader, you must pay attention to your eyes in oral expression: first, try to look at the audience when speaking, and second, pay attention to the complex and diverse use of eyes.

In fact, using eye contact to speak has a lot of knowledge and functions. For the time being, I will briefly summarize it into the following categories: The first is the scanning method.When speaking, move your eyes slowly from left to right, or front to back, scanning the audience.This method is generally used in speeches on relatively large occasions.But be careful not to scan too fast, otherwise it will become erratic and may distract the listener's attention. The second is to look at the law.When speaking, look at a certain object and make eye contact with it.Looking at each other can make the other party increase their interest in your speech psychologically and feel a kind of respected satisfaction.This method can be used when emphasizing your own ideas to a certain person. For example, when answering a question from an audience during a speech, you can stare at this specific object and express your opinion on the problem.This can also effectively motivate other audience members to participate in discussions and ask questions.

The third is false vision.The eyes are scattered and not concentrated on a certain point. The overall effect is "turning a blind eye".Usually, the line of sight is scattered to the middle or rear of the audience.The virtual vision method is used with saccades and cross-eyes to avoid dull eyes.And the virtual vision method can make a group of people within your field of vision feel that they are being paid attention to and achieve the purpose of gathering attention. The direction of your gaze can also directly help you convey your inner emotions.Eyes can sometimes express a person's thoughts and attitudes better than words. Mouth can weave lies, but eyes can't.

Someone has deliberately studied the relationship between eyes and mental state, and the conclusion is that the correlation is very strong: looking up, it means you are thinking, or very arrogant; looking down, it means you are sad, guilty or shy; looking around, it means you are flustered, Restless mood; closing your eyes for a short while means that you are extremely sad and indignant, or in a heavy heart. Eyes are not only the windows to the soul, but more importantly, "the eyes can speak".So, what exactly are your eyes "saying"? The first is official attention.This is a gaze that people use when discussing business, negotiating deals, and negotiating trade.Let us imagine that there is a triangle on the forehead of a person. If a pair of eyes are fixed on this area, then a serious atmosphere is created, and the other party can also feel that the eyes are serious.As long as you don't look under the other person's eyes, you can continue to control the conversation.

The second is social attention.This is the gaze that people use in social situations, such as tea parties, dance parties and other gatherings.This gaze is also the triangular part of the eye looking at the interlocutor.This triangle is with the eyes as the upper line and the mouth as the lower vertex, that is, between the eyes and the mouth.When you look at this part of the interlocutor's face, it creates a social atmosphere, as if saying to the interlocutor, "Hi, we're friends!" The third is to watch closely.If you want to get close to someone, your eyes will wander from the eyes to the chin and even the upper body of the other person.In an intimate relationship, your eyes are fixed on the triangular area from the other person's eyes to the chest; if the relationship is a step closer, your gaze will be on the area from the other person's eyes to the crotch.When lovers look at each other like this, they are saying to the world: "We are a close couple!"

The fourth is to glance sideways.This is a gaze used to express interest, liking, contempt, or hostility.If this behavior is accompanied by a smile and a slightly raised eyebrow, it is telling others: "I am interested in you!" If it is accompanied by drooping eyebrows and downturned corners of the mouth, this gaze becomes an expression of suspicion, contempt , hostile or critical physical signals. In interpersonal communication, leaders must not only "understand" what their eyes "speak", but also learn to "speak" with their eyes.Through the above description, you will understand that when you are in contact with others, which part of the other person's body your eyes should fall on will have a great impact on your speech.

William James, a famous American psychologist, once said: Action seems to follow feeling, but in fact action and feeling happen at the same time, so we directly correct the action with the will, that is, indirectly correct the feeling.For example, when we lose our pleasure, the only way to restore it is to sit up, move, and talk cheerfully, as if the pleasure were already with us. Every part of your body can help or complement your conversation.From the moment you appear in the eyes of others until you speak, during this period of time, you have been speaking, but not with your mouth.Before you speak, your eyes, your movements, your whole body are expressing.These things you show will make people ready to listen to you or not want to listen to you, and make people respect or feel disgusted with you.So pay special attention during the period before speaking.Before speaking, you must use your whole body to convey to the audience your respect and affection for them, implying the importance of what you are going to say, and its basic tone.This is true not only when speaking, but also when speaking in general.Even during small talk, in your friends' living room, you suddenly stand up from sitting, or move your seat a little closer to each other, or choose a good position in the crowd, or suddenly take an unusual one Your posture, as long as you do it naturally and appropriately, will be of great help to your speech.

Posture is the outward expression of the mind.So if you want to train it to become a model, it is not only monotonous, but also ridiculous.The more the true feelings are revealed, the more natural the movements and postures will be.Sometimes when you are in a happy mood, you will wave your hands unconsciously; when you are in pain and anger, you can't help but clenched your fists and lean against your chest tightly; when you are angry, you may punch your fists hard.But all movements and postures are based on naturalness and flexibility. The gestures of many orators are very grotesque, and that is also the expression of the heart.However, because posture is a natural expression of the heart, no matter whether it is clumsy or flexible, we don't have to criticize or pay attention to it?Of course not.In order to attract the audience, we must also pay attention to improving our posture to make it more natural and decent, and become a powerful assistant to impress the audience with your eloquence.

A leader who is speaking must also pay attention to the placement of his hands.How to deal with the position of the two hands?If possible, forget about them and let them hang naturally on either side of the body.But in case you find them annoying and feel a bit cumbersome and think you need to put them in your pocket or on your back, that's fine too.In a word, you have to quiet your emotions.You must not pay attention to whether your hands hinder your movements, let alone whether the audience will notice the position of your hands. In fact, our hands are the most eloquent.Of course, there is no need to accompany every sentence with gestures, because too many gestures will make people feel unnatural.But in important places, with appropriate gestures, it is more likely to attract people's attention.If you can make people not only listen but also watch when they are listening to you, then you almost don't have to worry about the other person's attention being taken away from you.

Unnatural gestures will arouse the resentment of many people and cause obstacles in communication.The graceful and moving gestures are full of surprises; the soft and warm gestures are full of gratitude; the resolute and decisive gestures seem to have great power.Some gestures make people feel the enthusiasm and joy of the speaker from a distance; some gestures are very indiscreet; some gestures express indifference; ; Some gestures tell the other party that the next thing to say is very important, please concentrate on listening.In giving up seats, shaking hands, passing objects, expressing tacit understanding, and in the process of talking, gestures are sometimes naturally integrated into a part of the conversation, strengthening the power of our language and enriching the tone of our language.Sometimes, gestures also become an independent and effective language. Making good use of this language will make your speech more attractive.

To sum up, there are several general principles. As a leader, you should pay special attention to body language. (1) Don't repeat the posture, any kind of posture, repeated many times will always make people feel boring. (2) When making gestures with your hands, don't just start from the elbow, as this will make people feel that your gestures are unnatural, it is best to mobilize the whole arm. (3) The posture should not end too quickly.For example, when you point your index finger forward and use this gesture to help your tone of speech, don't withdraw your hand immediately. It is best to wait until you have finished speaking before withdrawing your arm. (4) It is necessary to practice to maintain the natural posture. This kind of practice may feel a bit forced when you do it, but after a long time, it will gradually become natural. (5) You have to be careful not to let your movements or posture distract the audience from what you are saying.Many people go too far with their movements, and instead draw the audience's attention to their movements. A well-known enterprise management scientist once compared the four core factors of enterprise development to the four legs of a horse.These four factors are: Leadership, Execution, Organizational Climate, and Corporate Culture.And leadership is put first.As a leader, you should clearly realize that in order to achieve strong leadership, shaping your own image is crucial. For a leader, the appearance image is the first impression he gives to employees and superiors, and the first impression is often lasting.A personable leader with a good image and temperament can often bring people a pleasing feeling and directly stimulate employees' interest in work; on the contrary, a leader with a bad image will leave a bad impression on others, and even make people feel happy. The other party has various doubts about the company psychologically, which can be said to be the result of the "halo effect" in psychology. (1) A good image is reflected in clothing As the saying goes: "A man depends on his clothes, a horse depends on his saddle", "A Buddha depends on his gold clothes, and a man depends on his clothes".Appropriate attire can have a huge impact on a leader's appearance. Leaders should pay attention to the following issues in their clothing: the clothing must be neat and generous, tall and harmonious.Clothes should be ironed, trousers should be ironed out, and collars and cuffs should be kept clean.In addition, clothes must fit your body shape.Leaders should avoid sloppy appearance or overly gorgeous and novel clothing, so as to prevent excessive influence on other people's emotions and hinder the progress of work.Leaders with weird clothes, messy hair, chronically uncut nails, stained ties, and shirts that stick out at the corner of their shirts have a hard time developing charisma.Dressing casually is often a reflection of a leader's personality, but others think that the leader is sloppy and difficult to think carefully. For leaders, appearance image is not only a matter of personal image, but also an issue of overall corporate image. Male leaders should trim their hair frequently, keep it tidy, and don't wear long hair or weird hairstyles.The hair style is natural and neatly combed, giving people a sense of sophistication and solemnity.The hairstyles of female leaders are varied, but not grotesque.For women, light Ru can increase the natural beauty of women.On the contrary, heavy makeup or wearing too much jewelry will give people a vulgar feeling.Finally, pay attention to the unity of clothing and footwear, as well as purses and hats.Leaders who attract employees begin by focusing on their appearance.How a person looks on the outside often reveals who he is and how he feels about himself. Leaders should cultivate an external image that makes them feel comfortable, and form a personal style through this external image.This style expresses the leader appropriately, but not others.The leader's personal style is closely related to the enterprise, and it is the symbol of the enterprise. (2) A good image is also reflected in the demeanor and temperament of the leader Appearance and demeanor are closely related. A leader with excellent temperament and demeanor can give people a special feeling and a deep impression as long as he stands or sits quietly without speaking. The late U.S. Secretary of State General Marshall was a man with a unique charisma.It is said that as soon as General Marshall appears, he will become the focus of the people present. Everyone can feel his invisible majesty and be deeply attracted and moved. His deep, steady and energetic tone, It is daunting and awe-inspiring. In addition to Marshall, Napoleon also had this charisma.As soon as Napoleon entered the room, everyone immediately held their breaths and did not dare to make a sound, and an indescribable awe surged in their hearts.Extraordinary temperament has nothing to do with beauty or not.In fact, Napoleon himself was only 160 cm tall, short and stocky. From this example, we can see that the extraordinary temperament and demeanor of a leader do not depend on inborn traits, but on acquired knowledge and practical training.This requires leaders to have extensive knowledge, and should also strengthen other aspects of self-cultivation and exercise to cultivate a good temperament and demeanor. A leader who is chic, energetic, and full of vitality can easily make others overwhelmed by his extraordinary demeanor.At the same time, a personable leader is full of charm. His calm, confident, capable, methodical, neither overbearing nor humble makes the other party dare not belittle or reject them psychologically, and will pay more attention to the conversation process while appreciating it.A leader with a good image, coupled with experience and self-confidence, can be said to have a certain demeanor.On the contrary, a leader who is wretched and slovenly is not demeanor.In addition, demeanor is also an external expression formed by a person with rich experience and extensive knowledge accumulated over a long period of time. It is the best expression of the combination of internal background and appearance. Zetkin once said: "When Lenin spoke, not only did every word come from his heart, but the facial expressions strengthened that feeling."Facial expression language refers to a kind of body language that people express their thoughts and feelings through the face. It is reflected by the changes of eyes, eyebrows, mouth, and facial muscles, etc., and the content is extremely rich. Everyone has a facial expression, every cell, every wrinkle, every nerve in the face expresses a certain will, a certain emotion, a certain inclination.Facial expressions are the most accurate and subtle "barometer" of a person.A person's facial expression is precious in four words: natural, sincere.In face-to-face oral communication, facial expressions can assist vocal language to convey information and communicate people's feelings. The face is the "fluorescent screen" of thoughts. Research by physiologists shows that human facial musculature is composed of twenty-four pairs of interlaced muscles, of which six pairs are used to express pleasant emotions through stretching, and eighteen pairs are used to express unpleasant emotions.The emotional expression produced by this facial musculature is not restricted by national boundaries, regions, or races, and is a common means of communication for people in any society. American journalist Gen Bao once said in his book "Reminiscences of Roosevelt": "In just 20 minutes, his facial expressions included: surprise, curiosity, feigned surprise, genuine concern, worry, sympathy, Firm, playful, dignified, all charismatic, but he never said a word." It can be seen how important facial expressions occupy in a leader's speech.The emoji used by the leader to speak is to communicate emotion and convey information through facial expressions, and the most expressive language is the expression language. The eyes are the windows of the soul, the mouth can speak, but the eyes cannot. The mystery of the eyes is that they are real.You can make up a thousand or ten thousand lies, but you can't cover the truth of your eyes. When a leader speaks, his eyes can show his thoughts and feelings, psychological changes, moral knowledge, character cultivation and aesthetic concepts to the audience.Therefore, any experienced leader always pays attention to the proper use of eye contact and sound language coordination to express ever-changing thoughts and feelings, and to adjust the atmosphere of the communication scene. Former French President Charles de Gaulle never wore glasses when he made public speeches and televised speeches. He had to speak "eye-to-eye" with the French, because he attached great importance to the role of eyes in communicating thoughts and feelings.Today, when many of our leaders communicate with people, they not only listen to their conversations, but also look at them appropriately, which can give them a feeling of being respected and valued. Such conversations generally receive good feedback. Effect.However, there are also many leaders who stare at the speech script when speaking, or look up at the ceiling, or look left and right, and look around when talking, making people feel that he is "no one in his eyes" and does not know what he is thinking. Naturally, the effect of this will not be good. . In situations where there are many audiences, the leader can use a look around or a virtual look.Looking around is the conscious and natural flow of sight, looking around comprehensively.It can maintain eye contact with all listeners, so that each listener feels that you have seen him, thereby enhancing the emotional connection between each other and increasing their interest in participating in the speech.At the same time, this method can also enable the speaker to understand the audience's psychological reaction more comprehensively through multi-angle eye contact, so as to adjust his topic at any time.Of course, looking around should be natural and moderate, and the speed should be appropriately slowed down. When you can't speak, your eyes always move around frequently, which will distract the audience's attention, and make people feel that you are absent-minded and supercilious.The so-called virtual vision refers to the eyes seeming to see but not seeing, as if looking at some place or audience, but actually seeing nothing. Its range is generally in the middle or rear of the audience, which can be used to adjust to eliminate the sense of drift or dullness. It can also eliminate the speaker's nervousness and help the speaker concentrate on thinking about the content of the speech. When the leader speaks, he should also pay attention to the eyes of the audience, so as to understand the mentality of the audience and adjust his speech strategy randomly. The eyes of the listener are dull and dull, indicating that there is sadness in the heart, so don't be high-spirited when speaking; the eyes of the audience suddenly brighten, indicating that they are interested in themselves or their own performance, and they should strike while the iron is hot; If you are flustered and have a guilty conscience, you should chase after and strike hard when you speak; the audience's eyes are calm and firm, showing that they are confident, and you should be modest and cautious when speaking. When someone is staring at you overwhelmingly, instead of looking into his eyes, find a spot on his forehead above his eyebrows, and just stare at that spot intently.In this way, no one can overwhelm you with staring eyes, and in the end that person has no choice but to lower his own eyes. Of course, you might as well show it with your eyes when you are angry. It is said that in the 19th century in Egypt, there was a judge named Daoud, who had sharp eyes and keen eyesight. When trying a case, he sat upright in an urn, with only his head exposed on it, and stared at the prisoner with his majestic eyes. It was terrifying and cold, so most prisoners would confess.Of course, this may only be a legendary legend. There is a photo of British Prime Minister Churchill with an angry face and piercing eyes. It is said that this is the masterpiece of Canadian photographer Kashi. When Churchill just stepped into the camera, Kashi suddenly stepped forward and grabbed his pipe. Unprepared, he flew into a rage for a while, his eyes were wide open, his hands were on his hips, and he was aggressive.Later, this photo became the spiritual symbol of "Never Surrender" in the British Isles during World War II. It must be said that this is a strong proof of the successful use of facial language by the managers. In short, the power of the eyes is infinite.Let us conclude our section with a quote from the classical German philosopher Hegel: "Not only the countenance, posture, and posture of the body, but also actions and deeds, words and sounds, and their ever-changing changes in different lives, all It can be artistically turned into eyes. From these eyes, people can realize the inner infinite free soul." In addition to vocal language expression, language also has gesture language.At work, all activities that carry out information transmission, thought communication, and emotional exchange through gestures, postures, winks, and facial expressions are collectively referred to as gesture language.Although gesture language is not a language uttered by the mouth, it has played a great auxiliary role. The leader's posture language is the information carrier of leadership activities and an important part of the leader's language.Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen the leader's posture language art.The connotation of posture language is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) Posture language is the essence of human language Posture language, which accounts for a relatively high proportion in the expression of leadership information, is the oldest and most primitive way of communication, and it is also the communication way with the longest history. It has a long history and is indispensable.It is the long-term accumulation of human thinking and its expression—language, and the essence of human language.Roman Rolland once said: "Facial expression is a language that has been successfully cultivated for centuries, and it is a thousand times more complicated than the language spoken by the mouth." A large number of facts show that the art of posture language plays an important role in the language art of leaders. .The level of the leader's posture language art often determines to a certain extent the level of the leader and whether the leadership activity is effective. In a sense, leadership activities can be said to be a process of information expression with coordination and organization as the main content.In this process, the purposeful and conscious introduction of situational language will definitely play an important role in improving the level of information expression of leaders. (2) Posture language is the key to forming the best "first impression" Leaders are people who show their faces. Due to the wide range of practice and the short time of contact with subordinates, the formation of their "first impression" requires the participation of situational language. If the "first impression" is good, people tend to reason in a positive way about their language and behavior in the future, which is conducive to establishing a good image and prestige for themselves; on the contrary, poor posture language gives people a bad "first impression" , That is to say, if the "first three kicks" cannot be kicked out, it will be many times more difficult to reverse this bad impression in the future.Therefore, as a leader, we must attach great importance to the cultivation of the art of posture language. (3) Posture language is the "messenger" that conveys and connects emotions There are many ways for leaders to communicate with subordinates, one of which is posture language.When communicating with subordinates, leaders can use moderate and appropriate posture language to gain insight into the psychology of subordinates, understand the behavioral goals of subordinates, and skillfully grasp the intentions of subordinates.At the same time, leaders can use posture language to output thoughts and emotional information to subordinates, and convey their own information and work intentions to subordinates in a timely manner.A leader is a person in a position of domination.This status determines that there are many things that are neither easy to express in spoken language nor in written form, but can only be expressed in gesture language.Artistic expression with gesture language can not only achieve the intended purpose, but also avoid and eliminate the side effects caused by spoken or written expression. (4) Postural language is the "green leaf" that supports vocal language Generally speaking, gesture language can be carried out alone, but vocal language cannot be carried out alone.Because there is absolutely no sound language without the participation of gesture language.For example, when a person speaks, not only the voice plays a role, but also facial expressions, tone, etc., which produces gesture language.It's just that the expression of this kind of posture language can be divided into high and low levels.As the saying goes, "good flowers need green leaves to support them".If spoken language is a safflower, then gesture language is a green leaf. Only with the support of voice language can one's voice, color, posture, and emotion be good, and play a huge role. According to statistics, smiling is the most contagious of all communication languages, and smiling is a universal "human communication skill".When the leader gets along with the people around him, no matter whether he agrees with others or disagrees, he should not put on a cold face. No one wants to talk to the leader with a cold attitude.Even if it is out of some helplessness that it is impossible to talk about it, there is already a feeling of resentment in my heart.Just imagine, can such a conversation have a good result?Therefore, leaders should learn to laugh in communication. Laughter warms people's hearts, and can be considerate of people's hearts, giving people a sense of happiness and freedom. Often a smile can quickly shorten the distance between you and others, express your kindness and joy, and give people the warmth of a spring breeze.Smiling costs nothing, but has unexpected rewards.A smile is like an emotional mediator, but also a lubricant for interpersonal relationships.But when using a smile to express your feelings, you should pay attention to the following points: (1) Smile naturally A smile comes from the heart and is an expression of a beautiful heart.Only in this way can we smile naturally, kindly, beautifully and appropriately.Be careful not to laugh for the sake of laughing, or to pretend to be smiling without smiling. (2) Smile sincerely A smile is not only the exposure of one's happy mood, but also the gift of innocence.A sincere smile warms the heart of the other party, and sometimes it may resonate with the other party, making them intoxicated in joy and deepening the friendship between the two parties. (3) Smile at an appropriate level Smiling is a kind of courtesy and respect to the other party.But if you don't pay attention to the degree, if you smile presumptuously, excessively, and without restraint, you will lose your identity and cause the other party's disgust. (4) The object of laughing should be suitable For different communication objects, smiles with different meanings should be used to convey different feelings.Otherwise, there will inevitably be counterproductive situations. (5) Laugh at the right occasion Smiling is not unconditional, nor can it be used in all communication situations.Its use is very particular.When you have a smile on your face, your mood can't be any worse.When you're in the presence of a smiling person, it's hard not to smile back at him.Smiling makes people feel welcome and at ease, but it depends on the occasion, otherwise it will be counterproductive.Sometimes smiling can make you look nervous and helpless, especially if you smile too much.When you're at a solemn gathering, going to a memorial service, or discussing important political issues, it's not natural to smile.When you talk about a serious topic with the other party, or tell the other party an unfortunate news, or when your conversation makes the other party feel unhappy, you should not smile, or put away your smile in time. Sign language is a kind of body language with strong expressive power. It makes the thoughts and emotions to be expressed richer, more attractive and convincing through the changes of hand and finger activities. For this reason, some people say: "Gestures are spoken language a second language of expression." Linguists believe that gesture is the earliest communication tool used in the evolution of human beings, and it preceded vocal language. Sign language was used in communication at that time with a high frequency and a wide range, which is unmatched today. As a leader, the magical use of gestures plays a unique role in conversation. Whether the gestures are used properly will directly or indirectly affect the effect of the leader's speech.Appropriate sign language will make your language more convincing and make your personal image more attractive. As early as two thousand years ago, an ancient Roman statesman and rhetorician said: "All mental activities are accompanied by actions such as gesticulating. The expressive facial expressions of the eyes are especially rich, and the gestures are like a language of the human body. Even the most savage people can understand.” A professor of psychology who was teaching in China met a group of deaf-mute children by chance, and he was able to communicate with them smoothly using the sign language popular in Europe and America.Afterwards, the professor said humorously: "It is more convenient and less troublesome to use sign language to communicate than for people who do not understand English to use gestures to draw." An American psychologist conducted an interesting survey while traveling around the world.During the one-hour negotiation, the Finns gestured once, the Italians eighty times.French people 120 times, Mexicans 180 times. Russians are more reserved when expressing their feelings. I like to point my finger at a certain part of my body. Experience has shown that gestures should be used with due care and restraint.Gestures are a natural expression of inner emotions, not blunt artificiality.Gestures are meant to help convey meaning, and if it doesn't, it's superfluous.Some leaders think that gestures are better than no gestures, more gestures are better than few gestures, not to mention that gestures can also cover up their nervousness.This is actually a misunderstanding, and the dazzling gestures can only show their flustered and rude, and have no meaning. A language expert said: "In order to emphasize an important point, gestures can shorten the distance between you and the audience." The gestures used by the leader when speaking should be suitable for the topic of the conversation, and the gestures should also pay attention to the size of the space.At the same time, the leader should clarify the meaning of the opponent's gestures: shaking the palms together usually means disagreement, tapping fingers on the table can express thanks, and rubbing hands can express happiness or anxiety.Leaders can use gestures to strengthen semantics during conversations, and fingers can express quantity, praise, criticism, affirmation and negation.When gesturing, avoid excessive gestures and exaggeration. Gestures have multiple and complex meanings.Hands up, forward, and inward often express positive meanings such as hope, success, and affirmation.Hands down, backward, and outward often express negative meanings such as criticism, contempt, and negation. For example, splitting palms in the air means resoluteness; shaking fingers slightly means contempt or indifference; spreading hands means helplessness; Up and down expresses indignation, determination, etc. Regarding the position of the hands, some experts have designed different plans. When using it, you should not be rigid, as long as it is natural and decent.But don't put your hands in your pockets, it seems disrespectful to others, and you seem to be "tied up".Here are a few common gestures: Hands up.That is, the palm is facing up, the thumb is open, and the remaining fingers are slightly curved.Raising the hand means joy, praise, and application for prayer; keeping the hand flat means sincerely seeking the opinions and support of subordinates. Overhand pose.That is, the palm is down, and the fingers are in the same state as above. This is a prudent reminder gesture, which can restrain the emotions of the audience, and then achieve the purpose of controlling the scene. It can also express denial, opposition, etc. cut hands.That is to say, the palms are straight and fully extended, the fingers are close together, and they are swished down like an axe, which means decisiveness, resoluteness, sharp cutting, etc. pecking style.That is, the fingers are put together in a dustpan shape, and the fingertips are facing the audience.This kind of gesture is highly targeted and indicative, but it is also easy to become provocative and threatening, so it is generally not used too much. Extend your fingers.That is to say, pointing upwards, stretching out the index finger means referring to someone, something, a certain idea, or attracting the attention of the audience; stretching out the thumb means pride or praise; Wrapped hands.That is, the five fingertips touch, with the fingertips pointing up, like a purse with the opening tightened.This gesture is generally used to emphasize themes and important points, and is used when encountering probing questions. push hands.That is, the fingertips are upward and close together, and the palm is pushed out.This gesture often expresses the rejection of public opinion, showing determination and strength. Body caress style.That is, touch a part of your body with your hands.Putting your hands on yourself means contemplation, humility, and sincerity; touching your chest with your hands means asking yourself; touching your head with your hands means annoyance, memories, etc. Make a fist.That is, the five fingers are gathered together and the fist is clenched.This gesture sometimes expresses demonstrations and revenge; sometimes it expresses excited feelings, resolute attitudes, and wishes that must be realized. In addition, the movement of the arm is also a kind of language suggestion.Crossed arms indicate defense; crossed arms indicate hostility; crossed arms indicate a little nervousness and trying to control emotions; one hand clasping the other's upper arm with the other hand drooping indicates a lack of confidence, and so on. People's faces are like an all-encompassing encyclopedia, colorful and ever-changing, containing huge emotional capacity.But the expression of expression lies in "speaking" with eyes, expressing spirit with eyes.Eyes are the most vivid machine of the human body. A person's mouth only represents his experience, but his eyes represent his heart.Expressive eyes give people charm, quiet eyes convey heart to people, happy eyes give people vitality, and sincere eyes can win respect and friendship. Italian art master Leonardo da Vinci once said in "Notes": "The eyes are the windows of the soul." In the book "The Expression of Humans and Animals", Darwin, a British biologist, also regarded the changes in eye activities as human emotions. representation. In the 1960s, Dr. Hess of the University of Chicago in the United States used the size and regularity of pupil changes to measure a person's psychological changes such as interests, hobbies, motivations, and admiration for the opposite sex, and found that they are indeed related to each other.Mencius in ancient my country also said: "There is nothing better than the eyes that exist in people, and the eyes cannot hide their evil." This means that people's eyes can express thoughts and emotions, and even express extremely subtle things that are difficult to express in words. thoughts and emotions.People's inner secrets and secrets are always revealed in the changeable eyes consciously or unconsciously. 一般来说，不同的眼神表现着不同的情感。目光明澈表示胸怀坦荡，目光狡黠表示心术不正，目光炯炯表示精神焕发，目光如豆表示心胸狭窄，目光执著表示志怀高远，目光浮动表示轻薄浅陋，目光睿智表示聪明机敏，目光呆滞表示心事重重，目光坚毅表示自强自信，目光衰颓表示自暴自弃。 另外，故弄玄虚的眼神仍是高傲自大的反映，神秘莫测的眼神则是狡猾奸刁的反映；似匣剑出鞘的咄咄逼人的目光是正派敏锐的写照；如蛇蝎蛰伏灰冷阴暗的目光是邪恶刁钻的写照。坦诚者目光像一泓清泉，悠然见底；英武者目光如电掣雷奔，波澜惊绝；典雅者目光似白云初晴，幽鸟相逐；俊秀者目光如玉气藏虹，珠胎含月；妩媚者目光似素花始香，夏梅初笑；豪放者目光如云风波浪，海天苍苍。 如果你双眼虚盯前方，旁若无人，那你的眼神昭示着：我是一个“了不起的人”；如果你频频左顾右盼，那你的眼神将告诉别人：我“戒心十足”或“心怀鬼胎”；等等。眼神在交际中具有很大的功用，它可以反映交际者的交际态度，表达交际者丰富多彩的情感意识。在整个交际过程中，眼睛会把他此时的思想情绪、心理变化以及他的品德、学识、性格与审美观等毫无保留地画在眼睛这幅情感的图画中，打印在眼睛这个思想的荧光屏上，让对方看得清楚，读得准确，得到启迪。 从交际主体分析，平视、正视表示理解、平等、喜欢；俯视表示宽容爱护；仰视表示尊敬、期待。从交际客体分析，对你敬仰的人，目光往往平视；喜欢你的人目光会流露出热烈的色彩；傲慢而不可一世的人，目光是仰视、轻视；而讨厌你的人，目光会无意识地乱转，甚至会流露出疲倦的色彩；亏心的人，目光总是有躲躲闪闪的东西；正直无邪的人，目光沉静并给人以诚挚的力量；恋人之间的目光会传递甜蜜的情意，朋友之间的目光会表达关切的深情；与战友离别时，目光里会流露出美好的祝愿和不尽的眷恋；互相对立的人，言辞尽管漂亮，握手尽管热烈，但目光与目光在碰撞中会迸发出挑战的火花来。 The so-called acronym is to convey information through head movements.It includes nodding, shaking the head, tilting the head, raising the head, bowing the head, etc.这里说的首语，仅仅是指头部的整体活动传达的信息，而不包括头部的器官传递的信息。 首语在日常交际中是一种极为简单便捷的交流方式。作为领导，使用首语来与人交流是最为常见的事，因此，运用好首语，对一个领导来说，掌握一些简单的首语知识，至关重要。 （1）点头 可以表明这样一些意思：同意、致意、肯定、承认、赞同、感谢、应允、满意，也可以表示理解、顺从等情绪。 （2）摇头 表示这样一些意思：不满、怀疑、反对、否定、拒绝、不同意、不理解、无可奈何等。 （3）歪头 表示不耐烦，或想结束对方的表述，也可表示思考，表示急于脱离话题。 （4）昂头 可以用来表示充满信心、胜利在握、目中无人、骄傲自满等。The head is thrown back all the time, also expressing intoxication. （5）低头 表示不愿面对，或是也很为难，无计可施，等待对方应允或妥协。 In terms of the use of the first language, we should pay attention to the following principles. One is that the action should be obvious, especially when it performs a substitute function.If you are nodding or shaking your head, let the other party see clearly and understand correctly. The second is to pay attention to the use of other communicative languages.If you cooperate with "um" when nodding, there will be no misunderstanding.It can also be used in conjunction with other body language.有很多成语就体现了这一特点，譬如“点头哈腰”、“昂首阔步”等。 The third is to pay attention to some cultural differences.For example, the Serbs in the former Yugoslavia expressed their agreement by stretching their heads forward, and the Turks expressed their negation by raising their heads. Especially some ethnic groups in Bulgaria and India, they nod to express negation and shake their heads to express affirmation, which is exactly the opposite of our habit. .This requires us to figure out their habits before interacting with these ethnic groups with cultural differences. 四是要注意和声音语言的自然配合，而且还要做到动作明显，以便对方正确理解以免误会。 五是首语的使用频率不能过高，虽然在聆听对方说话时，适当的点头或者侧头会让说话的人觉得你在用心听，但是过高的使用频率却会影响说话者的注意力或者使对方感觉到未受重视。 坐姿、站姿、走姿对一个领导者的整体形象塑造有着很重要的作用，甚至同他的相貌有着同等的重要性——共同显示出一个人的气质和风度。如果“站无站相”“坐无坐相”“走无走相”，即使这位领导气质形象再好（事实上这是不可能的），其形象也会大打折扣。 外表相貌是天生的，而体姿是可以通过后天训练的，作为领导，比之一般员工，行走坐立应更讲姿态，以下三点大家供参考。 （1）坐姿 Sitting posture language is a language that conveys information through various sitting postures. Sitting postures include sitting and sitting postures.入座时要轻而缓，走到座位前转身，轻稳地坐下，不应发出嘈杂的声音。After sitting down, keep your upper body straight, keep your head upright, and look straight ahead or the person you are talking to.腰背稍靠椅背，在正式场合，或有尊者在座，不能坐满座位，两手掌心向下，叠放在两腿之上，两腿自然弯曲，小腿与地面基本垂直，两脚平落地面，两膝间的距离，男子以松开一拳或二拳为宜，女子则以不松开为好。非正式场合，允许坐定后双腿叠放或斜放，交叉叠放时，力求做到膝部以上并拢。 无论哪一种坐姿，都要自然放松，面带微笑。在社交场合，不可仰头靠在座位背上或低着头注视地面；身体不可前俯后仰，或歪向一侧；双手不应有多余的动作；双腿不宜分开过大，也不要把小腿搁在大腿上，更不要把两腿直伸开去，或反复不断抖动。这些都是缺乏教养和傲慢的表现，对领导形象极为不利。 （2）站姿 站姿语就是通过站立的姿态传递信息的语言。从一个人的站姿可以看出一个人的状态，有很多人站立时喜欢用一只腿做支撑，有的人喜欢倚靠在什么东西上，这些都不是可以在正式场合运用的站姿，让人感觉松懈、不礼貌，我们一定要注意挺身直立，脊背挺直，目光平视，表现出愉悦、自信的感觉。 站立是人们生活、工作及交往中最基本的举止之一。正确的站姿是站得端正、稳重、自然、亲切。上身正直，头正目平，面带微笑，微收下颌，肩平胸挺，直腰收腹，两臂自然下垂，两腿相靠直立，两腿靠拢，脚尖呈“V”字形。女性两脚可并拢，肌肉略有收缩感。如果站立过久，可以将左脚或右脚交替后撤一步，但上身仍须挺直，伸出的脚不可伸得太远，双腿不可叉开过大，变换也不能过于频繁。站立时，如有全身不够端正、双脚叉开过大、双脚随意乱动、无精打采、自由傲慢的姿势，都会被看做不雅或有失身份。 （3）走姿 步姿或者说是走姿，就是通过行走的步态传递信息的语言。与坐姿语和立姿语不同，步姿语是动态的，所以要放到动态中来研究。 下面我们着重介绍步姿的类型。第一种是稳健自得型。行走的时候，步履稳健，昂首挺胸，仰视阔步，步伐较缓，步幅较大。这种步姿的含义就是“愉快、自得、有骄傲感”。第二种是自如轻松型。行走时心情轻松，步子的幅度适中，步速不紧不慢，上身直立，两眼平视，两手摆动自然。这种步姿的含义就是“自如轻松，比较平静”。第三种是庄重礼仪型。行走的时候，上身挺直，步伐矫健，双膝弯曲度小，步姿幅度和速度都适中，步伐和手的摆动有强烈的节奏感，眼睛正视前方。这种步姿的含义就是“庄重、热情、有礼”。 （1）自然是对体态语的首要要求 有的领导说话时，动作生硬、呆板木讷；有的则刻意表演，动作和姿态做作，像在“背台词”。这都会使人觉得不真实也缺乏诚意。 孙中山曾这样告诫人们，“处处出于自然”，即使“有时词拙”，也“不可故作惊人模样”，这样才能博得人们的信赖。因此有人说，宁要自然的雅拙，不要做作乖巧。这不是没有道理的。 （2）体态动作简单精练 举手投足要符合一般生活习惯，简洁明了，易于被人们看懂和接受。不要搞得烦琐复杂，拖泥带水，不要龇牙咧嘴、手舞足蹈地像在表演戏剧。否则，不仅会喧宾夺主，妨碍有声语言的正常表达，也会使听的人眼花缭乱，不知所措。要注意克服不良的习惯动作，多余的体态语必须去掉。 （3）运用要适度得体 所谓适度，就是要求动作要适量，以不影响听者对你说话的注意力为度，不要用得过多。有的人做的动作比说的话还多，那不是口才，而是表演。所谓适宜，即要求动作必须与说话内容、情绪、气氛协调一致，不要故作姿态、故弄玄虚甚至手口不一。据说美国前总统尼克松在一次招待会上举起双手招呼记者们站起来，嘴上却说“大家请坐”，使记者们大伤脑筋。于是，这一说话与动作的不协调成了逸闻。 （4）要生动有活力 生动是对体态语的细节要求，使它在运用中富有活力，能够感人。只有生动的体态语，才能艺术地表情达意，才能给人以美感，从而产生感染力和征服力。事实上，体态语也是丰富多彩的，如“看”这个动作就有三百多种不同的表现方式，如正视、斜视、注视、凝视、仰视、轻视、鄙视等，每一种都代表不同感情，而之间的区别就在眉眼的细节上。因此灵活运用体态语技巧，充分展示其表情达意的活力，才能取得优美、生动的表达效果。 态势语言是一种非口头语言，它是通过演讲者的身体形态、手势动作、眼神表情等来表达的。它是演讲与谈话中重要的信息交流手段，所以，阿尔伯特·迈哈罗宾才说：“一个成功的语言交流=7％的言辞+38％的音调+55％的面部表情。” (1)态势语言的类别 a、眼神 眼睛的神态也叫做眼色，是态势语言之一。“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，眼睛的神色变化，倾诉着一个人的微妙心曲，帮助人们传达许多具体、复杂甚至难以言传的思想感情。它在演讲与交谈中具有重要的表情、表意和控场作用。 在与听众的交流中，有经验的演讲者，总是能够恰如其分地、巧妙地运用自己的眼神，去表达千变万化的思想感情，去调整他的演讲和现场的气氛，去影响他的听众，以收到最佳的效果。反之，凡是不成熟的演讲者，却总是一站到台上，就把自己的眼睛“藏”起来，不是低头看着自己的讲稿，看着地板，就是抬头看着天花板，转头看着会场的外面，从不正视听众一眼，像这样的演讲，可以肯定地说，其结果只能是失败。眼神的使用原则主要有三点： ①要自觉赋予眼神以一定的内容，明确使用的目的性。因为眼神本身总带有一定的思想感情色彩，如果你不能有意识地使用它，或者失去自我感觉地乱用一通，势必引起听众的误解。比如，要给听众一种可亲感，以利于他们接受你的意见，就应该让眼睛闪现出热情、诚恳、坦白、亲切的光芒。倘若你不能明白这一点，或甚至不自觉地让眼睛放射出一种轻蔑、冷淡、虚伪或者咄咄逼人的光芒，得到的就必然是相反的效果。 ②环顾或者专注不能失度。“环顾”不是不断地变换眼睛的瞄准点，让眼睛滴溜儿转个不停，而是有意识地有节制地流转。经验表明，眼睛从一个地方扫到另一个地方，又从另一个地方转回原来的地方，如此不断地循环往复，不但不能照顾全场，集中听众的注意力，反而还会害得听众也跟着你乱转，从而分散了注意力，严重时甚至可能引起一种厌倦情绪，从此不再注意你的眼神。也有一些演讲者，却走向另一个极端，以为专注便是固定于一点，无须变动，这样才能加深听众的印象。其实专注也是有限度的，而且一般只是短暂的停留。演讲者，如果只把眼神固定在一个死点上，那么他便是把大多数的听众忘了，大多数听众也不能从他的眼睛里，去理解他的思想与感情。 ③眼睛的活动不但要和脸部的表情协调一致，而且还要同有声语言和态势密切配合，才能收到更大的交流效果。因为协调一致才容易为听众所理解，也才能有效地把眼睛的神色变化烘托出来。 b、姿态 指演讲者的手势和动作表情。它和眼神一样，是一种态势语言。在演讲中，它同有声语言和眼神一样，都是表达、交流的工具。它能够补充有声语言的不足或者把有声语言加以强调，能够与眼睛的活动变化协调一致，以共同完成演讲任务，争取演讲的最佳效果。又因为它在演讲中是一种外观形式，具有完全的可见性，所以它在演讲中的作用是与眼神同等重要的。比如，眼神会说话，会传情达意，姿态也能这样，眼神具有一种有声语言难于企及的力量，只要一个眼色就可以促使他人的行动。姿态也不例外，只需一个手势便可以从可见而不一定能够听到的地方把人招来。它和眼神一样，都可以取得“此时无声胜有声”的效果。 手势语是演讲态势语言中的一个重要组成部分，是由演讲者运用手掌、手指、拳和手臂的动作变化来表达思想感情的一种语言。在使用手势语表情达意时要注意以下三个原则： ①雅观自然。 ②保持三个协调：手势与全身协调，手势与口头语言协调，手势与感情协调。 ③因人制宜，演讲者根据自身条件选择合适的有表现力的手势。就性别而言，男性的手势一般刚劲有力，外向动作较多；而女性的手势柔和细腻，手心内向动作较多。就年龄而言，老年演讲者因体力有限，手势幅度较小，精细入微；而中青年演讲者身强力壮，手势幅度较大，气魄雄伟。就身高而言，个子比较矮小的演讲者可以多做些高举过肩的手势来弥补不足，使听众的视感拔高一些；而个子较高的演讲者，可多做些平直横向的动作。 c、体态 演讲者的身体形态在演讲中表达的信息。是态势语言的一种，它分为服饰和仪表、站位和站姿、移动三个方面。 ①服饰，指演讲者的衣着穿戴。其基本要求是： 一是与体态协调。要求演讲者在考虑服装时，必须有整体美感，不可为个别部位的美而破坏了整体形象美。身材与打扮要互相协调，比如一个大胖子就不宜穿过紧的衣服，否则包得紧紧的，会叫人感到透不过气来。服装的颜色搭配也要协调，比如，上衣是浅色的，裤子最好穿深色的。在强烈的灯光下，以穿深色衣服为宜。 二是美观大方。作为演讲者服饰的美。主要指整齐清洁，落落大方。 ②仪表，指演讲者的外表。包括人体(如容貌、姿态)和修饰(如衣着、发型、装饰品)两个方面。其基本要求是：仪表美应当体现正确的指导思想、时代的精神风貌、鲜明的民族特点、健康的生活情趣，并且同周围的环境、本人的年龄和身份相适应。美的仪表不但能够衬托出演讲者的精神面貌，产生吸引人的力量，叫人看了顺眼，即自然合适，可以信任，就连他自己也会感到满意，觉得有一种自信力，甚至还能预感到演讲的成功。 (2)态势运用的原则 a、要有目的性。 下意识的态势一般没有明确的目的性，比如，有时一种手势、动作的产生，出自下意识，纯粹只是生理上的要求，并没有明确的目的性，不过这种手势、动作还是有用的，它可以帮助演讲者把声音有力、有情、生动地送出去。假如我们把这种态势由不自觉变为自觉，由不够准确、优美变为准确、优美，以加强号召力和鼓动力，可进行加工，使之变成具有目的性的态势。而有意识的态势则具有很强的目的性。有意识，就是要使一挥手，一摆头，身子或向前倾，或往后仰，都有内在的根据，清楚的用意。 b、要确要精练。 所谓确要，就是准确、优美，要由演讲者内在的思想意图决定，要能恰当地传情达意，具有补充或加强话语，帮助听众理解，促使听众接受的作用。所谓精练，就是要以少胜多。手势动作对于每个人来说，一来库存就不多，变来变去也不会出现什么新花样，要是不间断地、随便地使用，或者多次重复一种手势动作，就可能丧失它的功效。 c、要自然活泼。 要求自然，就是反对造作，强调活泼，就不要单调呆板。没有表达思想感情的需要，缺乏内在的根据，哪怕有意识去做一种手势，一个动作，目击者也可能认为你节外生枝。造作正如着意表演一样是有害的，而单调、呆板也同机械重复一样，会使人失去兴趣。 d、要坚持自己的个性。 态势的表现同演讲者的性格气质紧密相连，而且个人的性格气质往往“规定”了他的态势特点。一个开朗、爽直、麻利、说话、办事都十分快速的人，他的表情动作，尤其是手势动作，一般表现为急速、频繁、果断、有力；一个比较内向的人，他的态势表情往往又表现为动作缓慢，手的活动范围较小，而且变化不多。因此，我们在运用态势进行表达、交流的时候，必须保持自己的个性特征，显示自己的风格，切勿一味模仿别的什么大演讲家。 (3)态势语言运用四忌 a、忌指指画画。 即不要使用随意的没有逻辑基础的手势动作。表现为一句话一个动作，摆弄个不停，甚至还十分夸张。演讲者以为指指点点、比比画画忙个不停便能够引起听众的注意，加强话语的说服力，殊不知恰恰相反，只能在听众面前暴露他的不良习惯，弄得听众眼花缭乱，并且产生一种厌恶腻烦的情绪。比如，有的教师讲课时手舞足蹈，动作滑稽可笑，起初逗得学生们满堂哄笑，气氛似乎十分活跃，可是过不了多久便不灵了，学生们不但没有再笑，反而显露出一种冷淡而不屑一顾的神情。甚至有个别调皮学生，竟公然在课堂上模仿起来，搞得课堂上乱哄哄的。 b、忌机械重复。 机械重复是演讲中更为常见的一种表现，它单调、呆板，最不费脑筋，最讨人嫌，也最容易引起听众的误会。例如，有人从演讲一开始，就用一只手直搓着脸不放，以致使听众误以为他是患牙疼呢！其实，这是无意识的习惯性动作。有人一上台，便左走三步，停；右走三步，回复原位，如此无数次反复，直至演讲结束。听众看在眼里，总觉得他过分造作，于是想起他的话可能也不过如此，便无心听其讲话了。还有的人总是伸长脖子，歪着脑袋讲话，样子显得很吃力，听众看着、听着几乎都在为他使劲，只觉得心里堵得慌，怪不舒服。 c、忌着意表演。 着意表演，即专心着意地运用姿态手势动作去“表演”自己话语的内涵。演讲者的本意虽然是希望通过种种表演，以达到说得通俗形象和活跃会场气氛的目的，可这样做，往往会弄巧成拙，吃力不讨好，易引起听众的反感。 d、忌无心运用态势。 指演讲者在台上站就站得直直的，坐就坐得正正的，或者握着双手，或者按着讲台，形象拘谨呆板。听众只见他的两张嘴皮一张一合，几乎没有什么态势语，大大减小了信息传播量，使听众也会感到十分疲倦和乏味。