Chapter 4 Chapter Three Cultivate the Psychological Quality of Public Speaking

Thinking ability is like a well-equipped instrument, it controls your language logic - Kennedy "If you study alone without friends, you will be ignorant and ignorant."Leaders are at the forefront of fierce business battles, and opportunities are always fleeting. Whether you can communicate with people frequently determines whether you can continuously obtain new information, broaden your horizons and ideas.In the same environment, rare opportunities are often created by eloquence and communication skills.In the process of making friends and communicating with each other, a leader can not only express and test his own opinions, but also form a good interpersonal relationship and information network. He can not only maintain a high degree of sensitivity to all changes, but also timely Adjust his thinking and goals, so he will always get unexpected gains, seize opportunities and make achievements.

To truly master the art of eloquence, one must maintain a positive mental attitude.Although the art of eloquence can list countless theories, knowledge, and teaching materials, in the final analysis, it is a practical science that needs to be exercised in practice, accumulated experience in practice, applied and improved in practice.At the beginning of eloquence training, you can't be full of "face" thoughts, thinking about things like "If I say something wrong, how can everyone laugh at me!" "What if my words are not carried out?" The courage we just mustered.Giving up the opportunity to practice is equivalent to giving up the opportunity to improve.

In an urbanized society, it is inevitable for a leader to speak in public no matter what occupation he is in. If he is always hesitating and his words do not express his ideas, how can he be a good leader.The famous American professor James said: "The average person has only developed one-tenth of his hidden ability. Compared with what we should achieve, we are only half awake, and we only use a small part of our physical and mental resources... ..." In order to maximize potential, we must first start with "speaking effectively", carry out the so-called "language breakthrough", break through the fear psychology, release the bound wisdom, gain self-confidence, and enhance the communication between the inner world and the outer world , and in this liberating exchange, the dormant intelligence comes into full play unexpectedly.

The psychological preparation of leadership eloquence requires leaders to practice and enterprising with courage and knowledge, so as to grow and show their abilities.As the saying goes: "A person with high skill is bold", but when the skill is not very high, one can be bold; What are the decisive factors affecting the outcome of intense sports competitions?Is it a difference in skills?No, it turns out: Mental power is stronger than technical power.The "finishing kick" in football is probably more about psychological quality. "I am afraid that I will not win when I meet a strong team, and I am afraid that I will accidentally lose when I meet a weak team." This is even more a psychological problem. Jenner, the decathlon gold medalist in the 1976 Olympic Games, should be said to be an athlete with relatively high sports skills, but when he answered the reporter's question, he said: "Olympic-level competition is for athletes of similar level. , about 20% is physical competition, and 80% is psychological challenge and confrontation." It can be seen that psychological factors play a big role.

Churchill can be said to be one of the greatest politicians of the 20th century, but he has no extraordinary talent in eloquence, just like ordinary people.When he spoke in Congress for the first time, in order to prepare for this speech, he wrote, recited, and practiced repeatedly in front of the mirror for several days in a row, for fear of making a mistake or making a fool of himself in public.However, on the day of the speech, what he was worried about happened. He was very nervous, and he was very afraid that he would not perform well.From then on, he began to practice speech, but unlike others, he did not simply grasp the speech skills, but changed his mental attitude, and made full preparations psychologically. He was no longer afraid of failure, Not afraid of making a fool of himself, no matter what the occasion, he dared to say what he wanted to say in public, so he quickly became an infectious orator.

In the training of leadership eloquence, the first point is also the cultivation of psychological quality.To expand one's psychological open area, be honest, cheerful, dare and be willing to express your true self, don't be afraid to expose your shortcomings and weaknesses, and test and improve your personality charm through the mirror of interpersonal relationships. The training and cultivation of eloquence also depends on the positive and open mind of the individual.Communication in modern society is carried out on the basis of equality and freedom.To be polite to others is not to be prudent; to praise others is not to flatter others; to adapt to others is not to lose oneself; and to be independent does not mean to be domineering.Like the little civil servants described by Chekhov, who are ashamed and shriveled, without even a basic sense of subjectivity, without their own personality, opinions and dignity, and living their lives tremblingly like stepping on a tightrope, how can they speak and communicate with each other with ease? What about dealing with others?

In social communication, public speech will appear everywhere at any time, and if you make good use of it, you can stand out from the crowd and have success both ways.If the level of speaking is high, many benefits will come immediately; if the level of speaking is low, many benefits will go away.Because in this bustling world, interests always flow with people's wishes and intentions.The basic tool for expressing wishes and meanings is language. Those who speak highly are mostly eloquent and eloquent, expressing various wishes and meanings appropriately, and bringing together various interests in a direction that is beneficial to them come up.It can be seen that the level of public speaking plays an invaluable role in the realization of personal value and success in life.

Some people say that the human mind is like a lion imprisoned in a cage, and the key to the cage is language. If it is not released, it cannot exert its kingly power.It means that people's thoughts need to be expressed and communicated with others, so that their thoughts can roar like a lion.There are many ways of communication, which can be words, facial expressions, gestures, and actions, but the more common and more effective one is spoken language. The folk proverb says: "A conversation with you is better than reading ten years of books." Guanzi said: "When the heart is worried, it must be followed, and what you say is knowledge." That is to say, the heart governs thoughts, and thoughts are expressed by words. Once you come out, others will know about it. This is the exchange of ideas.People living in society have thousands of different thoughts, and it is impossible to have a completely correct understanding of people, things, and problems.Through the tool of spoken language, you can discuss, communicate, and exchange opinions with others, and gain correct understanding through continuous revision.In this way, one's own thinking will progress and the realm will be improved.At the same time, it can also be fully understood and known by others, so as to obtain various opportunities in life.

Lenin was a person who was good at using public speeches to exchange ideas with the masses.The former Soviet historian and political activist P. Kerrentsev recorded such a passage in his "Biography of Lenin": In 1921 Lenin came to a small village in the city of Gorky, he walked into the thatched hut... and started talking to the peasants.They began by chatting about everyday trifles with the same wit as friends do.When they had been joking like this for half an hour or so, when they had finished talking about such topics as grain, patrols, and run-and-run profiteers—they joked about these things in front of Lenin, who listened to their account of these deceptions also laugh.

All this, as subject matter, was useful to him—at this moment, Lenin stood up and began to tell the peasants clearly about the New Economic Policy in popular language.The peasants listened attentively, and the reason they listened was because they saw that this man had indeed opened up "a new future, a happy life" for them. In the exchange of ideas with the peasants, Lenin expressed his thoughts and mobilized the enthusiasm of the peasants for revolutionary production. At the same time, he learned the demands of the peasants and provided valuable practical information for formulating a more perfect economic policy.

Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro, who led a team to attack the Moncada barracks in July 1953 failed to be arrested. On October 16, he made a lengthy defense titled "History will acquit me" in the court where he was tried. Impressive and well-founded, the judge was left speechless.As a result, Castro turned from defendant to plaintiff.His last sentence, "History will acquit me", highlights the value of his own life, and has become a well-known self-defense line praised by people and widely imitated for decades. In reality, when many leaders speak in public, in addition to their unnatural expressions and stage fright, they often say a few words that do not fit their status because of their uncontrollable emotions. Afterwards, they themselves are greatly surprised.In fact, the main reason for this phenomenon is the lack of psychological preparation and practical training. The following five training methods may give you some help. (1) Adjust your breathing Abnormalities in speaking are usually in this order: stage fright—disordered breathing—sluggish mind—speech in fragments.Adjusting your breathing will therefore bring these conditions back to normal. In a sense, "breathing" and "breathing" have the same meaning, so adjusting the breath is "quieting the breath".People who are nervous about speaking in front of others usually have disordered breathing when they want to speak, the inhalation of oxygen is reduced, and the mind is temporarily in a state of dementia, so that they cannot speak the words they think. When speaking, the whole body is in a relaxed state, take a deep breath quietly, and add a little strength when exhaling.In this way, the heart will be at ease.In addition, laughter has a good effect on easing the tension of the whole body.Smiling can adjust breathing, but also make the brain's response flexible and speech focused. (2) Find a good topic In daily entertainment, we can always pay attention to observe people's topics, which ones are attractive and which ones are not?Why?what is the reason?When you speak, consciously practice talking about things that can arouse others' interest, while avoiding topics that cause adverse effects. (3) Avoid difficult problems Which topics should be avoided?From your own point of view, first of all, you should avoid things you don't fully understand.A half-knowledge, half-understanding, and muddle-headed speaking will not only bring no benefit to others, but will instead leave a bad impression of vainness.It's even more embarrassing if someone asks you questions about these things and you can't answer them.The second is to avoid topics that you are not interested in. Just imagine that you are not interested in what you are talking about. How can you expect the other party to be excited by your topic?If you force yourself to be high-spirited, you can only suffer from fatigue, and others may see your insincerity. (4) Rich content Once there is a topic, there must be something to talk about.The content comes from life, from your observations and feelings about life.We can often see a person's rich connotation and passionate feelings for life from his speech.Such a person is always enthusiastic about many people and things around him. It is hard to imagine that an indifferent and emotionless person will talk to you about a long skirt that is popular in the street. (5) Self-evaluation Is the meaning of the word euphemistic?Is the topic on point?Is the speech to the point?Are you getting the hang of it?Are the teeth clear and intelligible?Do you not have the problem of nagging and trivial things?Is the speaking volume moderate?Is the speaking speed moderate?Are there no catchphrases in the words?Is the speech concise and powerful?Is the wording appropriate, neither humble nor overbearing?Are there redundant conjunctions in the sentence?Is it true and specific?Can the purpose of speaking be fully expressed?Can you put yourself in the other person's shoes when speaking?Is the speech undivided and focused?Does the speech contain self-boasting elements?Is one person talking non-stop?Does the export hurt someone?Can you greet people sincerely?Can you speak with discretion?Can you master speaking skills?Can you skillfully grasp the opportunity to speak?Can you concentrate on listening to people? Although it is impossible for us to make the other party feel happy and interesting all the time when we are socializing and talking with people, a well-trained way of talking can indeed help you win and make a good impression on others.Talking with people in public is a social behavior, and like other social behaviors, there are certain rules for talking, which every educated person should follow.When talking with people, there are also a lot of particulars about what can be said and what can't be said. Good eloquence is based on a person's personality and moral cultivation. As we often say that a leader's personality cultivation must be in line with his own status in order to make people feel like a leader.If a leader wants to persuade his subordinates and impress their hearts with words, he must reach a certain standard and level in terms of ideology, morality, and personal quality.Leaders develop their own character and conduct is self-cultivation.What qualities should an eloquent leader possess? In a nutshell, a well-cultivated leader must not only have scientific thinking, but also have noble moral qualities and personality.A leader's personality is important because it affects the mood and behavior of the entire team. The relationship between leadership language and moral character is very close.Because a person's language will show his thoughts and character, and of course it can show his moral level.Once the moral level of a leader is expressed through language, it will have a considerable impact on subordinates and the entire collective.Leaders have noble moral sentiments, subordinates are more convinced of you, and the whole team is more united.On the contrary, a poor moral level will make your subordinates feel disheartened by you, and at the same time, it will encourage the spread of bad style in the team, and eventually lead to the team's slump, until it perishes. A united group not only relies on a scientific and strict management system to constrain each member's code of conduct, but also relies on a harmonious and harmonious environment to stimulate each member's enthusiasm and creativity.The personal character of the leader is the key that opens the door.First of all, start from the leader. Only by convincing people with virtue can people be emotionally motivated. If they are hypocritical, the team will be full of hypocrisy and deceit, and in the end it will only fall apart. Leaders should strengthen their own moral cultivation, set an example and model, treat their subordinates modestly and politely, and do not manage by giving orders.A righteous person must first correct himself, "If the superior is clear without desire, the subordinate will be righteous and the people will be simple." If you ask your subordinates to do something, you must first do it yourself; if you forbid others to do it, you must not do it yourself. According to "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals · Possession" records: When Mi Zijian governed the place of Shandong's father, he practiced to educate the people with virtue.Three years later, the King of the State of Lu sent someone to make an unannounced visit. At night, he met a fisherman who poured all the small fish he caught back into the water to release them.The unannounced visitor was very puzzled and asked the fisherman why he did this.The fisherman replied: "Mi Zijian didn't want the people to beat up the small fish, so he let them go." The man sighed, "Mi Zijian's morality has reached the highest level! Even ordinary people are almost becoming saints." Leaders should always keep in mind the saying "Above others, treat others as others, and below others, treat yourself as others", treat others sincerely, and set an example, so as to convince subordinates and gain their support and love.Only with noble moral character can you have a strong personality charm and make your subordinates support you from the heart instead of superficial flattery. Self-cultivation, leaders must learn the Confucian management thought of "the benevolent, the loving".The "benevolence" mentioned by Confucianism has strong emotions, and it is a state that can truly consider the feelings of subordinates.This management concept seems to be contrary to the modern institutionalized enterprise management concept.In modern institutionalized management, there are no such management concepts as family management, friendship management, and emotional management.But from another perspective, rigid institutionalized management and flexible "people-oriented" management can be organically combined. "Book of Rites Chapters and Sentences": "The way of nature and human feelings are condensed in benevolence." When a leader treats his subordinates, he must show real care and care, and he must convince others with virtue, treat others with emotion, treat others with sincerity, and be kind to others.In this way, it must be reflected in the leader's speech.If you can do this, you can make your speech well accepted and understood by your subordinates.This is also the most important content in the art of leadership eloquence. Confucius said: "Beginning with people, I listened to their words and believed in their deeds; now I am with people, listen to their words and observe their deeds." ("The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang") When we look at people, we must first " Listen to his words", you can know how a person thinks and how good he is, just listen to him and talk to him.Of course, there are many ways to test and measure a person's thoughts, talents, and knowledge, but that requires time and conditions.When organizations and individuals need to know and understand someone as soon as possible, "listening to their words" is the most direct and effective means.The so-called "like old friends at first sight" and "hate seeing each other later" are also feelings only after "talking".In today's society, competition is fierce and talents are abundant. If you want to gain a place in the society or find a stable job, you must first let others know you. In a job interview, the most important way to be understood is by your words and deeds. As the saying goes, " You can know it by saying it." Han Xin was the first to join Xiang Yu, but he didn't use his talents, so he went all the way to Shu to join Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty.He left again, but was chased back by Prime Minister Xiao He and strongly recommended to Liu Bang.Liu Bang was helpless, so he had to summon him: "The prime minister recommends generals, why do generals teach me strategies?" Finally, Han Xin had a chance to express his economics. He analyzed the pros and cons of the situation between Chu and Han to Liu Bang, and pointed out that although Liu Bang was weak, But he has the conditions to defeat Xiang Yu, and he speaks clearly and logically.So the king of Han was overjoyed and hated seeing each other late, so he worshiped Han Xin as a general.As expected, Han Xin lived up to his holy prestige, strategized and decisively won thousands of miles, and made the first contribution to the achievement of the hegemony of the Han Dynasty.Just imagine, if Han Xin didn't have a chance to speak out, perhaps he would be mediocre in this life, and history would be changed accordingly. Xu Beihong, a great master of the generation, applied for the entrance examination of Fudan University in 1920 at the age of 21. The principal summoned the freshmen. Xu Beihong’s elegant speech amazed the principal. In 1920, he studied in France and was introduced to the largest contemporary French painter, Darien Bouffler, at a tea party.Xu Beihong, whose name is Jumudayan Buffley, immediately said: "Sir! I long to be taught by you." One sentence made Dayan Bouffle feel the sincerity and simplicity of this Chinese youth, and immediately gave Xu Beihong the address of his studio, and asked him to go to his studio every Sunday morning.On the first Sunday, Xu Beihong went to see Dayang Buffley and talked with him about his pursuit and confidence. Talk about the past fifty years.Thanks to the insightful vision of Dayang Boufflei, Xu Beihong finally became a master of his generation. Lincoln said: "No matter how people hate me, as long as they are willing to give me a chance to say a few words, I can convince them." This is how confident.All eloquent leaders in history have this strong sense of self-confidence, especially many revolutionary leaders. "This army has an indomitable spirit. It wants to overwhelm all enemies and never be surrendered by the enemy." This kind of fearless heroism comes from firm trust in one's own army.Only with this kind of firm trust can one be confident in one's point of view and the purpose of one's own expression. Only when expressing can one express oneself with ease, think quickly, and remember accurately. If you are handy and have both ways, you will be unaffected and real, which will produce strong appeal and persuasion, so that the purpose of expression can be best realized.A person who has no purpose and is timid and hesitant cannot exert the power of public speech, let alone realize the purpose of his speech. "Knowledge is power" must have rich knowledge and experience, and be fully familiar with the expressive materials.The wise and humorous conversations of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and many other great men are all based on profound knowledge and rich experience.Therefore, in order to have good eloquence, one must read more, participate in more practice, and store up knowledge by making cards and other methods, so that there are materials to use when speaking.When speaking specifically, you should be fully familiar with the materials expressed.The familiarity mentioned here not only refers to the clear understanding and clear memory of the materials, but also includes the different choices and preparations made according to the type of expression.For example, in the expression of "telling people about things", mainly rely on the use of memory to accurately explain and explain the status and characteristics of related people or things, so that the other party can accurately understand the information you convey; In the expression ", it is required to express one's own exquisite understanding in order to be persuasive, influence the other party, make people establish a new point of view, or strengthen the existing concept; in the expression of "moving people with emotion", one needs to be sincere Express rich emotions in order to greatly infect the audience and further sublimate them. In short, extensive knowledge and rich experience can enable people to speak in public on the basis of mastering a large amount of material, the audience can obtain useful information from it, and the speaker can also take it easy and freely to fully occupy the material.Familiarity with materials is the basic condition for cultivating self-confidence. As the saying goes, "enrichment is the premise of self-confidence", and "confidence is the source of strength". When any leader speaks in public, he expresses his thoughts and conveys information in his own identity.In order to achieve the desired effect of mutual communication, in addition to object awareness, we must also have a clear awareness of self-identity, that is, we must speak appropriately, and the choice of speech forms must conform to our own identity. Therefore, before speaking, we should first Know yourself. Say what you should say.If you report your ideological work to your superiors as a subordinate, you should hold a respectful attitude and pay attention to the seriousness and due courtesy of your words.When talking with relatives and friends of the same level and the same generation, it is appropriate to be kind and natural, and it is not appropriate to be too "serious", otherwise there will be a sense of alienation.When assigning work as a superior, it should be concise and clear, and the subordinates can accept it. Don't just express yourself, regardless of the feelings of the subordinates. In short, if you speak inappropriately and don't pay attention to your identity, the listener will always feel uncomfortable or even disgusted. This will definitely not achieve the purpose of communication, and may even be counterproductive.In order to conform to one's own role and identity when speaking in public, the title and tone must be suitable first. An entrepreneur who was quite influential throughout the country due to reforms was late when he represented his factory to negotiate business with the director of another factory.And as soon as we met, he said solemnly: "I'm so busy that I can only spend a little time to see you." As soon as these words came out, everyone was shocked.The factory manager of the other party was even more unhappy, and a business worth hundreds of thousands of dollars fell through.When manufacturers negotiate business, the status of both parties is equal.Being late is impolite, while the subtext of tones like "I'm so busy" and "received" is arrogant and domineering. Secondly, when speaking in public, you must pay attention to your multiple identities, and choose the appropriate expression method for different environments, so that the expression is consistent with the expression of your own thoughts and emotions. As the saying goes, "Words are the voice of the heart", Mr. Lu Xun also said: "What comes out of the fountain is water, and what comes out of the blood vessels is blood." What identity a person uses to speak can easily reflect his ideological realm, life, and life. The way, the attitude of dealing with people.How to grasp the specific relationship between the two parties in the conversation and modify and adjust the language to better express feelings is the subject of study to improve the speaking level.For example, when a famous singer from Hunan was invited to be a guest in Changsha to host the "Love for Sanxiang" disaster relief charity show series, she was seen holding a microphone and said loudly: "When CCTV held the TV Grand Prix for Young Singers, I gave the highest score to the contestants in 'Niangwuli'. Next time the girls from 'Niangwuli' come to Beijing to compete, I will give them the highest score .” Such words are not without suspicion of indecency.If it is normal to talk about personal love to the "mother's house" in private, but on this serious occasion of the charity performance, it is about the solemn and solemn grand prix judges' scoring problem, so it focuses on "emotion" and neglects it. Based on "reasonable" words, people can't help but ask: As a judge, where is his justice? Thirdly, although the words are meant for the audience, whether the words are good or not and whether they can be accepted by the audience depends on whether the speaker expresses his thoughts and feelings properly.A person's ideological character is formed in long-term social practice, and a person's mood is inseparable from his thoughts and situation.The different moods in different situations will also be naturally revealed in people's expressions, showing the true identity of the speaker. Human knowledge is all-encompassing and complex, and it is also a source of strength for public speakers.Knowledge lies in thick accumulation and thin hair. People with profound knowledge accumulation speak with full confidence and confidence.The fundamental reason why some people are very good at speaking lies in their rich accumulation of knowledge.If you have a well-thought-out plan, you can speak out if you want to; the deeper the accumulation, the better the words. For the speaker, knowledge is multifaceted; different people have different knowledge requirements; different people have different grasps of knowledge.However, the most basic knowledge that a speaker should master is as follows. (1) Life knowledge Being in the world refers to dealing with the world, social activities, and dealing with people.Everyone is inextricably linked with society. As a member of human society, one cannot gain a foothold in society without a basic way of dealing with the world. (2) Worldly knowledge Worldly knowledge refers to common sense, experience, lessons, customs, human conditions, customs, anecdotes, etc. in all aspects of social life.This kind of knowledge is an objective existence, and generally there is no need to concentrate on learning it; as long as it is not divorced from social life, it will be gradually realized and realized in practice.People must have this kind of knowledge if they want to enrich their language skills and realize the communication purpose of public speaking.Cao Xueqin thinks: "An insight into the world is knowledge, and understanding of human feelings is the article." A person who is not familiar with the world will either make a joke or make a bitter drink. In 1974, Corning Corporation of the United States presented an exquisite snail handicraft to the Chinese government.At that time, China was engaged in "criticizing forest and criticizing Confucianism", and the Communist Party assumed that this was an insult to China, and aimed at ridiculing China for shrinking and crawling like a snail.Zhou Enlai instructed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to urgently send an investigation call to the Chinese Liaison Office in the United States. Ji Chaozhu, who was the internal counselor of the Liaison Office at the time and grew up in the United States, said: "There is no need to investigate. The snail symbolizes patience, which means blessing." Liaison Office Reporting Ji Chaozhu's authoritative knowledge of world affairs back to the country, the **** restrained his troubled face angrily.This incident not only shows that Ji Chaozhu is familiar with world affairs, but also becomes the laughing stock of the Communist Party's ignorance of world affairs. (3) Cultural knowledge Culture refers to the big culture, which is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social and historical development.Such as astronomy, geography, history, literature, art, philosophy, economics, law, etc.This knowledge is often carried by idioms, allusions, masterpieces, famous sayings, and epigrams.It can best cultivate sentiment, improve self-cultivation, and broaden horizons, so that the expresser's words are more contagious, persuasive, and attractive.This kind of knowledge cannot be acquired by practice, it needs to be studied tirelessly.On the road of life, if you keep accumulating learning, you will be full of vitality when you speak in public, like a continuous river. Ji Chaozhu, who served as the English interpreter for Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai for a long time, lacked a detailed understanding of Chinese culture since he was a child in the United States.Zhou Enlai said to him: "You are a translator. You must be familiar with Chinese history. You have to read more history books to be a good translator... Sometimes you are Chairman Mao's translator. Chairman Mao likes to quote historical allusions and ancient poems the most. If you don't understand history , If you don’t read poetry, you can’t do your job well.” For this reason, Zhou Enlai gave Ji Chaozhu a long list of books for him to read.After several years of persistent study, Ji Chaozhu was finally well-known in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for his extensive knowledge and memorization, and he was even nicknamed "Old Master".Whenever people have puzzled knowledge, they often say: "Ask Old Master Ji."