Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Six Tips for Perfecting Your Speaking Style and Personality

Carnegie's Advice: In any situation, a change in volume can bring out the emphasis. Our every movement, every look, every word we say reveals what makes us who we are - what is only our own personality, when we are unique.When we start speaking on the podium, banquet, interview, and negotiation table, we will feel unprecedented relaxation, confidence and satisfaction because we have mastered the superb art of speaking.This is the characteristic of a good talker—they let every word and sentence they say have their own style, and they reach the other party's ears clearly and accurately, so that the other party is deeply attracted.

Voice is the carrier of the content of your speech. Your voice reflects your feeling, your mood and current state. It is a powerful and indispensable tool in your speaking.Great talkers are always good at establishing their own speaking style. Their voices are different, their intonations are lively and interesting, their manners are just right...everything related to them can reflect their characteristics.These are the only styles that are of real value to the talker.In order to have your own speaking style, you need to go through a series of important basic training. There are many vocal structures and body parts that we use when communicating our thoughts to our audience.We do this by shrugging our shoulders, waving our arms, frowning, raising the volume, changing pitch and pitch, and changing the rate of speech to produce different sounds depending on the situation and subject matter.It should be noted that what I am emphasizing is the effect of the sound and not the production of the sound, that is, the physical quality.Those things cannot be changed, and the sound effect is affected by the speaker's mood and state. This is one of the reasons why I emphasize that the speaker must be enthusiastic.Therefore, you need to be different from the beginning.

Unfortunately, most of us lose the innocence and spontaneity of our childhood as we grow older, unknowingly falling into certain patterns of communication that we are used to.This makes our speech more and more lifeless.What's more, we're also less and less likely to use hand gestures, and stop raising and lowering our voices in rhythmic rhythms.In short, we are gradually losing the liveliness and spontaneity of our real conversations, our unique, individual selves. In life, we have too many incorrect habits that need to be corrected. For example, we may have developed the habit of speaking too fast or too slowly; our words will be very scattered if we are not careful.I always emphasize that you need to be natural when you speak, and you may mistakenly think that you can choose words randomly or express in a boring way-as long as you are natural.actually not.I ask everyone to speak naturally, because I want you to express your thoughts completely in words.From another point of view, a good talker will never think that he can no longer increase his vocabulary, use imagination and diction, change the form of expression and enhance the effect of expression.These are what people who pursue excellence are willing to do.

For those who are eager to learn speaking skills, they must first learn to shape their own speaking style. You'd better pay attention to the changes in your volume, pitch and speaking speed, which is of great practical value.You can do this by recording what you say, asking a friend to point it out to you, or even better, having an expert guide you.However, these are exercises without a speaking partner, which is completely different from actual speaking.Once you are in front of people, you have to put all your energy into speaking to resonate with them. Second, you have to choose your speaking voice - it all depends on your personality, the situation and the feelings you want to convey.Normally, your pronunciation should be crisp and loud.When you speak clearly, you appear confident, purposeful, and expressive, which will give the other person a sense of poise.In public, if other people's conversation is in the stage of endless debate, you stand up and say a word, the sentence is short and the voice is loud, it will have a shocking effect.

How do you control the volume of your speaking?Do you speak in a voice that everyone can hear - I mean your voice is loud enough and clear.This may be easier for you to do if you are in a sit-down conversation between two or three people.In fact, if your volume is too loud at this time, it will make people think that you are arguing with others.However, if you are facing hundreds or thousands of audiences, such as standing in a square and giving a speech, you should try to reach as many people as possible.Because if they didn't hear it, they'll ignore what you said instead of reminding you to speak up or retell it.Therefore, you need to adjust your volume according to the situation.

Note that the change in accent will change the meaning of what you are trying to express.When you need to emphasize a certain point, you can increase the volume appropriately.Raising the volume in an important place can attract everyone's attention.Of course, sometimes lowering the volume appropriately can also enable you to achieve this goal.You have to keep this in mind, in any situation, the change of volume can make you focus. Let's take a look at how Lincoln cleverly used the change of accent to save himself. Once, Lincoln was cleaning his boots with his head down, and happened to be seen by a foreign diplomat. He mocked Lincoln and said:

"Mr. President, do you often polish your boots?" "Yes," Lincoln replied, "whom do you often shine boots for?" Lincoln's words cleverly shifted the accent of the other party, freed himself from the situation of being ridiculed, and put the other party in an embarrassing situation.If you can skillfully shift the accent of others' speech, you can also create a sense of humor and resolve unnecessary troubles. In addition, the change of the sound can be full of changes and layers, and the level of the sound will affect the mood of the listener.Who wants to hear such a high-pitched voice if you've been speaking in a high pitched voice?Also, when you generally use treble, your voice will appear too monotonous.Therefore, you have to change in pitch, which can make your voice pleasant and more dynamic.Like adjusting the volume, changing your voice allows you to be more active in conveying your message when it comes to clarifying a point.You can take a slightly higher or lower voice to show how much you value a point.

When we usually talk with people, the voice will fluctuate constantly, just like the sea constantly rises and falls.Why is this so?Nobody knows, and nobody cares.But it's clearly pleasurable in this way, and it's also a very natural way.However, when we start some kind of formal speech, our voice becomes dry, flat and monotonous, like a desert.When you find yourself in the above situation, stop and reflect. For the control of speech and voice, we need to avoid the following wrong ways. First, you must make the other person feel that you are very confident in what you have to say.When your voice trembles or hesitates, the other person will think that you are not sure about what you are saying.If you are not sure about what you are saying, how can you ask the other party to be interested in it?

Second, don't make it sound like you're talking to yourself.Voices that are too low or inarticulate can also sound like you're unsure.You may not have intended for the other person to hear these words of yours, but they hear them vaguely and don't know what you are talking about, and they will become suspicious and guess that you are saying something that is not good for them. Third, if your teeth are clenched together, or worse, your lips are clenched like a ventriloquist, there is no doubt that you are speaking nasally.The biggest problem with nasal speaking is slurred pronunciation.In this way, the other party will think that you are complaining, and you will look dull and lifeless, very negative.

Fourth, if your voice is like the braking sound of an airplane landing, the other party will find you very annoying, so they won't listen to you.Loud voices can make your speech aggressive, and they will think you are in a position of overwhelming and intimidating them, which is not what they want.So, when you shout for everyone to listen to you, no one will listen to you. Fifth, you may cause such a situation: When you reach the end of a sentence or a key point, your voice will slowly lower, and finally disappear.This can make sentences sound incomplete.You have to believe that the other party will not be willing to guess what you said later.

Sixth, if you want to have a pleasant voice, it is best not to mix with local accents.Of course, if you do use it, you have to use some method to emphasize it, and not make people think that your pronunciation is not standard. Seventh, no matter what your intention is, it is ultimately expressed through sound.Therefore, if your voice contains arrogance, contempt, or other negative emotional elements, you can hurt the listener or make others feel disrespected. When you're in a negative state, if you mix it into your voice, people will imagine it's much worse than it really is and distract themselves.For example, your slight frustration may be interpreted as hysteria, while your disappointment may be interpreted as despair.Therefore, you must show your post-treatment emotion in your tone of voice in order to attract the other person's attention in a positive way. Please polish your voice: (1) The voice is not static, you must make your voice rich in variety. (2) Pay attention to your own pronunciation, you need to practice solidly. (3) Sound is the tool you use to communicate with your audience, and you need to master it thoroughly. Carnegie's advice: The tone of voice, like the expression of the speaker, conveys the appeal of a certain meaning to the other party. One day, shortly after the First World War, I wandered into Hyde Park and walked up to Marble Arch—I knew there were always various people talking there on various religious and political topics, and wanted to hear Listen to their conversation.I saw a Catholic explaining the infallibility of the Pope to people, and then I heard a socialist comment on Karl Marx.Finally, I also listened to a man's discourse on polygamy. I noticed a change in the audience size around the three keynote speakers.At the beginning, the polygamist speaker had the largest audience, but later, his audience dwindled, while the people around the other two speakers grew.Do you know why?Is it because of the topic? I did research on this issue.I found that the advocate of polygamy did not seem to have much interest in getting three or four wives himself, and his tone of voice sounded so unhappy that people thought he was boring; Opinionated Catholics and socialists, they were all in the middle of their speeches—they were high-spirited and flailing their arms, their voices were high and full of conviction, they radiated enthusiasm and anger, and this enthusiasm infected people.It turned out that it was the different attitudes and intonations of the speakers that caused the changes in the audience. Intonation is the combination of the speaker's tone and tone of voice, which expresses the emotion contained in the speech.When speaking, you need to let the tone of voice show more information than the specific content of your speech, or that the intonation is actually part of the content of your speech.For example, when your words sound sincere, you are actually saying to the other person: "What I think is what I say, what I say is what I think, and what I do is actually to you Respect." In this way, the other party will naturally believe what you say more. I am sure you have heard speeches similar to this polygamous speaker, whose tone is flat, stiff, and without passion, who show little interest in the subject they are addressing, as if they were feebly reading from a manuscript Same.Does this way of speaking appeal to you?Of course not. Why is the topic discussed by many people very attractive, but it does not have the expected effect?In fact, tone of voice conveys far more information than we think.The tone of voice, like the expression of the speaker, conveys the appeal of a certain meaning to the other party.When you hear a person's phone call, if his tone is enthusiastic, then you can tell that he is very happy even if you haven't seen him; but if his tone is very flat, then even if he tells you something to be happy You will also think that there is nothing to be happy about. People who know how to speak can not only shape their own individual voices to make them pleasant to hear, but also their tone and intonation are very contagious, always able to touch people's heartstrings and arouse the resonance of the other party.It is said that an Italian actor recited Arabic numerals in a sad tone, and the audience was moved to tears, while a Chinese artist recited recipes as beautiful as poetry.Another example is an ordinary modal particle—ah, using different intonations, it can express many meanings such as "I understand", "I didn't hear clearly", "surprised" and "Finally got it"—this is exactly the intonation that makes Your speech becomes more emotive. Many people have such a wrong understanding. They think that intonation, like voice, is innate, and they don't realize that there is a problem with their intonation.The problem to be noted is that this inappropriate voice will make the other party very numb, and at the same time lose their attention to the content of the speech, so that they have no mind to think about the content of your speech, while a voice with a tone of voice will have the exact opposite effect. We fall into such a misunderstanding that many times we spend more time finding out what to say, but in the end it is our tone of voice that messes us up.Pick up the handset and hear a word "Hello", no need to say anything more, from this word, we already know whether our boyfriend is still passionate about us, whether our mother has not slept well, whether our friends Have you successfully passed the exam... So many messages, all in such a change of voice——intonation. "The voice is the music of the body, and the intonation is the music of the soul" is quite true.When we are sad, our tone is pale and empty; after a night of partying, our tone becomes weak and weak; Have you noticed the tone of your voice?Is it impassioned, or cadenced?Or is it peaceful and soothing?Choose the right occasion and use your intonation well, so that your voice can also express rich expressions. Pay attention to tone of voice and improve communication effect: (1) In the face of different people, different occasions and different words, we need different intonations. (2) Intonation makes your speech more alive. (3) Intonation says a lot more than you think. Carnegie's advice: Social language should be concise, concise, and carry as much and more useful information as possible. There must be a rhythm in speaking, fast when it should be fast, slow when it should be slow, and rising when it should rise. This way there are ups and downs, speed, and severity, which form the musicality and melodiousness of the spoken language. Otherwise, the words will not be touching and not moving.There are regular changes in spoken language, called rhythm.Only with this change can the language be vivid, otherwise it will appear dull.There was an Italian musician. He did not sing on stage, but counted the numbers from 1 to 100 rhythmically and with changes. As a result, he captivated all the audience, and even some audience were moved to tears. It can be seen that the rhythm is in life How important is it. You definitely hope that you can give people a capable and lively impression, so you must master the rhythm of speaking, which is the charm of speaking rhythm.There are two main factors affecting the rhythm of speaking: the speed of speaking and the simplicity and complexity of speaking content.If you speak so fast that some words are slurred, others will not understand what you are saying, and speaking too slowly will show that you are too slow and slow.In verbal communication, how fast or slow you speak will affect the information you convey to the other party.Too fast, like too high a pitch, can create tension and anxiety. Walter Stevens said in his book "Lincoln Through the Eyes of a Reporter": "He (referring to Lincoln) would utter a few words quickly, but when he came to a word he wished to emphasize, he would draw out his voice and speak each word with a heavy weight. Then he would be as fast as lightning He'll finish the whole sentence in a hurry...he will try to prolong the words that need to be emphasized, about as long as the other five or six sentences that are not important." Now you try to say the following sentence: "Today we are going to introduce to you this product of our company." The "" these three words, then paused, and enthusiastically said "this product" aloud.You will be able to get unexpected results by using this technique. But one thing to note is that although I don't object to you deliberately slowing down certain words and sentences to emphasize this or other content (depending on your pitch), if you speak the whole or most of the text In this case, I suggest that you never do this.Because this deliberate delay here and there will make people feel very annoying and eventually unbearable, so that the effect you expected will not be achieved. When we speak, we need to clarify the purpose of speaking: social language should be concise, concise, and carry as much and more useful information as possible.Only in this way can you make your speaking rhythm lively and make the audience feel that you are decisive, direct and sure of the content of your speech.Knowing this, it is not difficult to understand why some people state too much when expressing their views, and go on for too long, and the result is a complete failure.In Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg, he only spoke for two minutes, and the whole speech was only 226 words, but his rival Edward Everett talked for two hours.As a result, it is not difficult to know that Lincoln was successful. Therefore, in order to keep your words from falling, you'd better make sure your message is short and direct.To achieve this, you can use the following method to arrange the information you need to express. First, the information expressed should be direct. You need to get to the subject as soon as possible, so that the other party can understand what you want to express more directly.This way your message will sound clearer and clearer.But a lot of people always like to insinuate.As everyone knows, this approach is easy to distract the other party's attention. Second, use the most concise vocabulary. For important points you are about to make, you need to remember this: the fewer words or sentences, the better.There's an old saying that captures what I mean very well, and it goes like this: "I'll ask you what time it is, and you don't have to tell me how a watch works." Having said that, it is not the case.Obviously, a few words and sentences can express a clear point of view, but many people always like to use too many words and sentences, and even pile up stories, characters, and figures to illustrate their themes.You need to avoid too much retouching, it will only damage your expression. When a teenager attends his first formal prom, his father tells him, "You probably shouldn't drink before, during or after tonight's prom." What mistakes did the father make in this sentence?First of all, unconvincing qualifying words or linking words like "maybe" sound less sure of what you mean, and the other party may not understand what you are sure of.Secondly, words like "before, during or after" are nothing more than to explain the purpose of not allowing him to drink, so why add so many modified words?This can give the impression of being indecisive, indirect, and indecisive, and can make your expression less concise. Third, clarify your central idea. In what you say, there may be multiple themes. What is the result of this?This will distract both your energy and the other person's energy.In fact, it is very difficult for you to cover a topic thoroughly, so it is even more impossible to cover every topic thoroughly.If you have to, you'll only scratch the surface of each topic, so discussing various topics with the other person will affect your main point of view. Also, many people like descriptions that pay attention to detail.There is nothing wrong with this, but you must pay attention to a premise that it cannot affect the expression of your topic.If you put energy and time into these details, then the focus of your message will not be clear.Don't expect the other person to expend extra effort, energy or time analyzing and interpreting your point of view. Most people are not willing to do this.Therefore, through your expression, let the other party directly get important information, this is the most important. How to express your thoughts correctly: (1) Don’t repeat what you said too much. You can repeat appropriately to emphasize the relevant content, but you must ensure that you do it consciously, and try to let the other party know this, otherwise they will suspect that you are procrastinating . (2) You need to express your meaning clearly and simply as possible. (3) You can modify what you say, but your meaning must be understood by the other party. Carnegie's advice: The information conveyed by non-verbal information is more connotative than the language itself. When Cohenden wrote his biography for Lincoln, he used these words to describe him: "Lincoln preferred to use his head for gestures, and he would shake his head a lot. This movement was especially noticeable when he wanted to emphasize a point. Sometimes, this movement would stop abruptly... as the speech progressed. As he goes on, his movements will become more and more random until they reach perfection. He has a sense of spontaneity and character all his own, which makes him noble. He despises vanity, ostentation, and affectation... Sometimes, out of joy, he will hold his hands up at about 50 degrees, palms up, and look like he's embracing that emotion. When he wants to show his disgust — like slavery — he'll raise his arms, clenched his fists, and wave it in the air , showing a strong sense of disgust. This is his most effective gesture and shows his strongest determination. It looks like he is going to tear these things off and burn them. He always stands very neatly, with his feet on the same level , will never step forward and backward, and will never lean on something. Throughout the speech, his posture and demeanor only slightly change. Walking around. He also sometimes grasps his collar with his left hand, thumb up, to make his arms easier, and gestures with his right hand only." The information presented by Lincoln's body language is so rich that Saint-Goddess also sculpted a statue of Lincoln based on a gesture of Lincoln's speech, which stands in Lincoln Park.Of course, you don't have to imitate Lincoln's posture, but you do need to pay attention to your posture. You need to know that the information conveyed by non-verbal information is richer than the language itself.Your posture, including the information conveyed by your expressions, body posture and gestures, constitutes a kind of body language for you.This kind of information has rich meaning and persuasive effect, and becomes a display of your personality charm, and is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people as your unique image. You need to perfect and enrich your posture, and you can do it from the following aspects. First, facial expressions. Facial expressions are extremely rich in meaning.It is often said that the eyes are the windows of the soul, then the face is the appearance of the soul, and all your emotions are written on your face—if you are not a person who is good at controlling emotions.Regardless, you can, and often will, convey a lot more with emoticons. There are joys, sorrows and joys in facial expressions, but for the speaker, generally the most important facial expression is a smile, which is the simplest and most effective way to shorten the distance between you and the other party.Of course, there are more expressions, it depends on what you say. Second, body posture. Before you speak, and while you are listening—especially when you are giving a speech—if you must sit facing the other person, you must pay attention to how you sit.Don't look around, that's very much like an animal looking for a place to lie down for the night, rather than being more interested in talking to the other person. While you're sitting down, don't play with your clothes or anything else, it's distracting, and it makes you look insecure and lacking in self-control.So, you have to stay still and control your body. When you're about to speak, whether you're standing or sitting, stick out your chest and look confident.Don't wait until you're facing the audience to do this, you need to do it every day. Rosser Gurico said in the book "Highly Efficient Living" that nowadays, no one in 10 people can find a person who can keep himself in the best condition.It can be seen that many people have not yet realized the importance of body posture for speaking.He suggested that we should pay attention to the practice in this area, and "keep your neck tightly against the collar" when speaking. Third, gestures. The hand is the most flexible part of the human body, and the expression of the hand—gesture makes the human body language have the richest connotation.Sign language is the earliest communication tool used by human beings in the long evolutionary process. Sign language is a silent language that uses changes in the movements of fingers, palms and arms to convey information.It is used in a wide range, convenient, flexible, and varied. It can not only assist spoken language, but sometimes even replace it.Because of this, some people call sign language the "second language" of human beings. Gestures are the freest and most powerful form of body language, and for this reason, people are also often the easiest to make mistakes.I'm going to focus on sign language, mostly when you're standing and talking. So how should you make good use of your hands when speaking?When you start talking, it's best to forget about your hand, you don't have to worry about losing it.They hang naturally at the sides of the body, which is the best kind of posture.Of course, you'll remember to use them to make the proper gesture when needed. Most people probably hold a position where they either put their hands behind their backs, or in your pockets, or on a table, because doing so reduces your tension.At this time, you don't need to care about it.Many people do it, even a great president like Roosevelt sometimes does it, as if the gesture had a great allure. In my teaching career, I used to teach my students how to adopt the posture according to what the textbook said.I just copied the theories that the teacher instilled in me, thus developing some bad habits.I will never forget my first speech class. The teacher asked me to hang my arms gently by my sides, palms facing back, all fingers curled in half, thumbs touching thighs.Then, I raise my arm and draw an arc to allow the wrist to turn gracefully.Next, I spread my index finger, then my middle finger, and finally my little finger.When I have completed this seemingly perfect set of movements, the arms have to return to the arc just now, and then put them on the sides of the body. In fact, this rigid set of movements is of no use when I am speaking, but I use it to teach my students.Once, I saw 20 people doing such poses at the same time, and they all made movements mechanically like typewriters, which looked ridiculous.In fact, there has never been a standard set of gestures that is suitable for all speakers, except some experience.Each one is nurtured from within and according to their own thoughts and interests.The only gestures of value are the ones you learned naturally. Gestures are completely different from clothes, which can be put on and off, but gestures are from the heart, like a laugh, a stomachache, or seasickness.A person's gestures are his personal things. When speaking, the politician Brian would often hold out a hand and spread the palm; Graystone would often slap the table or stomp the floor loudly; Swipe down hard.These orators had deep thoughts and strong convictions, and all made their gestures powerful and natural.Naturalness and vitality are the best expressions of action.We can't learn to walk -- the tall, clumsy Lincoln can't use the small, nimble Douglas' gestures, nor can we force ourselves into certain poses. Years ago, I had the privilege of hearing the preaching of Gypsy Smith—he converted thousands of people to Christ.The gestures he uses are natural, not at all artificial.As you practice applying these principles, you will find that you are making your gestures in this way.I cannot give you any law to follow, for it all depends on the temperament of the speaker, his enthusiasm and personality, his preparation, and the subject, object, and circumstances of the occasion. That being the case, we just need to play as we please, only the impulses and desires in your heart are the most trustworthy, and the guidance from these things is the most important.But you still need to pay attention to the following points to better enhance your speaking power and shape your perfect image. (1) Don't repeat the same gesture too much, it will give you a boring impression; (2) Don't use the elbows to make short and jerky movements, the movements from the shoulders look much better; (3) The gesture should not end too quickly. Non-speaking languages ​​are more convincing: (1) Your posture will affect the other party's judgment of you, so please try to use a positive posture. (2) The most natural posture is the most correct. Be careful not to use artificial postures or expressions. (3) A pleasant facial expression makes you appear honest and friendly. Carnegie's advice: Make your language popular, make your language a language that everyone can understand, so that you have reached the highest level of speaking. One of my students, as a doctor, once started his speech in class like this: "The diaphragm is something that, if it's being used for breathing, will obviously help the bowels move, and that's a huge benefit to your health." He wanted to go on to something else, but the teacher interrupted him.The teacher asked the people who understood the sentence to raise their hands, but to the doctor's surprise, no one raised their hands.In other words, no one understood what he was saying, and the teacher asked him to explain that sentence, telling him not to rush forward until everyone knew what the thing looked like and how it worked.So the doctor explained: "The diaphragm is actually a very thin muscle that sits between the bottom of the ribcage and the roof of the abdomen, and it moves as the chest and belly breathe. When the chest breathes, it compresses, so Like an upside-down washbasin; when the abdominal cavity breathes, it will be pushed down to make it a plane, and at this time the stomach will be squeezed. And its downward thrust will massage and Stimulate the upper organs of the abdominal cavity, such as the stomach, liver, pancreas, etc. When people exhale, the stomach and intestines push up against the diaphragm, which is equivalent to a second massage. This massage It helps the body to excrete. Many people’s physical discomfort is mainly due to gastrointestinal discomfort, and once our intestines and stomach get proper exercise due to the massage of the diaphragm, most of the discomfort will disappear.” Made this After the explanation, although it was a little troublesome, the students understood what he said. Many of us make the same mistake as this student when we speak—they speak something they know well, and they think the audience will understand it too.In fact, this problem is not difficult to solve, but it is often ignored by the speaker. I have heard countless speeches for professional reasons, but some of them have failed because of the negligence of the speakers.The reason for their failure is not that their professional knowledge is not reliable, but on the contrary, they just talk about their professionalism.Obviously they have no idea, as a general audience lacks understanding of their industry.Such a result can be imagined, although they talked loudly and used a lot of vocabulary commonly used in their work, it made the lay audience completely unable to understand what they said. This is not just the case in speeches, but in virtually any conversation involving speakers from different walks of life.This inadvertent omission deprives the conversation of its intended effect.Therefore, if you want to make your speech more understandable to everyone, you must learn to popularize your language and make your language a language that everyone can understand, so that you have reached the highest level of speaking.In other words, what you say needs to be easy to understand, so that more people can understand it. How can I speak more colloquially?Perhaps the biggest problem many people face is using some technical vocabulary, which is the "terminology" we mentioned earlier.These words can only be truly understood by those who are related to a certain job or a specific field of study.In addition, some industries may create acronyms that only those in the industry understand, and these languages ​​are usually composed of only initials.For people who are not familiar with them, when you use these words, they may not know what you mean.And due to many reasons, the average person will not stand up and explain that he did not understand.So, they're likely to smile and walk away confused.So, when it is necessary to use these technical terms, you have to make sure that these terms can be understood by them. For example, when you explain to a housewife why the refrigerator needs to be defrosted, you might say something like this: "The principle of freezing is like this. The evaporator absorbs heat from the refrigerator and then dissipates it outside the refrigerator. At this time, the heat sucked out is accompanied by moisture, which will adhere to the evaporator, forming a thick layer A layer of frost, causing the evaporator to insulate, and making the motor work more often to compensate." For those housewives, this passage may be equivalent to saying nothing.You can actually say this: "The role of the evaporator is like a suction fan. It sucks out the heat in the refrigerator, so that the refrigerator can freeze your things. When you open the refrigerator, you will definitely find that the layer of your refrigerator where the meat is placed There is a layer of frost, and these frosts are formed on the evaporator. The thicker the frost, the thicker and thicker the asbestos is, which separates the evaporator from the air in the refrigerator, so that there is no way to absorb heat normally. In this way, you The freezing effect of the refrigerator will become worse and worse. At this time, the motor can only keep running to ensure the coldness in the refrigerator, but this will reduce the service life of your refrigerator. In order to make the motor run slower, use To make your fridge less taxing, we have to figure out a way to get the frost out. And having an automatic defroster in the fridge would do that." When speaking in front of more people, how should you ensure that what you say is understood and understood by more people?Former Indiana Senator Beverage has a suggestion on this: "The best thing to do is to take the least intelligent-looking person you have to deal with, and try to make him understand what you are saying. You can only speak in the most common terms, and make your point as clearly as possible. , so that he can understand. Another good way is to target those children who are accompanied by their parents. Then, you need to keep reminding yourself-of course, you can also say it to the other party- —Try to make it as simple and clear as possible, so that everyone can understand your explanation, remember it, and be able to tell others what you have said.” Once, I went to listen to a speech by a securities broker. The people I listened to were housewives who wanted to know something about banking and investment.The speaker started off by using plain language and a humorous, light-hearted approach to put them at ease.He articulated their concerns clearly, and more importantly, he explained some technical terms, such as "clearing", "taxation" and "repayment", in simple and common words. .As a result, the speech was an unprecedented success.People are very grateful to him, and they all take the initiative to ask him about investment. If what you say is incomprehensible to other people, or beyond their comprehension, it is torture both for you and for the listener.There was once a missionary who wanted to translate the Bible into the language of the place where he was preaching.Among them was the line: "Though your sins are bright red, they will be as white as snowflakes." Ordinarily, this line was translated verbatim, but now he had a problem.These aborigines have no experience in clearing snow at all, and they don't even know the word "snow". They don't know the difference between snow and coal.But there are coconut trees in the local area, and people are very familiar with it.So the missionaries linked "snowflakes" with "coconut meat".In the end, that sentence was translated as: "Although your crime is bright red, it will eventually be as white as coconut meat." Just such a clever change made it easy for the other party to understand what you said. As long as you put your heart into it and put your words in a more colloquial way, the energy and time wasted on this is definitely worth it.There are thousands of different languages, and the ways of expressing them will also vary.The best way is to express your opinion in the most common language, instead of expressing your ideas in many native languages ​​or taking it for granted. Please handle the small details in communication: (1) You need to carefully analyze the situation of the other party, such as their education level, in order to make your speech as easy to understand as possible. (2) Don't think of your vocabulary as a vocabulary that everyone should understand. This doesn't make you appear smarter. (3) When you have to use technical vocabulary, be sure to explain it in detail. Carnegie's advice: Use what people are familiar with to illustrate what they are not. If you want to win in an argument, you have to improve your words in a variety of more acceptable ways, to give it more weight, and to make people believe you more.And this method is commonly referred to as rhetoric.If you pay attention, you will find that the reason why lawyers can speak eloquently is because they often use it. The rhetoric we usually use is as follows, and I will give a brief explanation here. The first, a metaphor: "The kingdom of heaven is like yeast, and they put it in the cornmeal, and it will all ferment..." "The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for pearls..." "The kingdom of heaven is like a net thrown into the sea..." "Heaven" may not be familiar to people, but yeast, merchants, and the net are things that are familiar to everyone.It is the use of these wonderful and appropriate metaphors that help people understand the speaker's meaning more easily. These words are a very good way of explaining the "Kingdom of Heaven", that is, using what people are familiar with to explain what they are not familiar with. The reason why metaphors are more acceptable, more vivid, and more persuasive is that it is easier for people to understand when comparing the two similarities. The second, exaggerated: When speaking, if you want to emphasize a certain point, it is very good to use some exaggeration when appropriate.Do you sometimes do that too?When you want the other person to be faster, you may say to him: "I hope I won't become a 'mummy' when you finish it!" Not "mummy", but you're clearly exaggerating. In fact, this rhetorical method is to stimulate other people's nerves, so that others consider what you think the other party's behavior may have serious consequences.For example, you might say, "It's like opening Pandora's box when you do this," and he's sure to know what you mean by that. The third, repeated: Repeating the same meaning with the same rhythm, this rhetorical method is called repetition. The beauty of this rhetorical approach is that not only will you be able to grab the audience's attention so they know what your main point is, but you will also be able to integrate your main idea with the overall speech. For example, an orator, speaking of a department, says: "This system, it's got terrible public services, government employees far outnumber factories." "This system, with its meddling government, is ready to meddle in your business affairs and your private life at all times." "This system, it eats up nearly half of the country's budget." Through this rhetorical back and forth, the orator convinced his audience that there were indeed many problems with the department and that it badly needed reform. Fourth, quote: We often use the rhetorical method of "quoting from the classics" to strengthen persuasion. In fact, this rhetorical method is the one we use most often.I often quote a lot of famous orators (such as Lincoln) and students' stories in this book to illustrate my point of view, and it turns out that this has indeed received very good results. Sometimes, we don't intend to quote a long story, but just choose a certain sentence or even a certain word that someone said. There is also such a situation, sometimes we quote an old saying (such as an old saying in China) or a common saying to illustrate our point of view, which is also very effective.Quoting is not only simple and effective, but it will make your words more persuasive. Fifth, rhetorical question: When you are expressing a point of view, on the one hand, you think the facts are clearly like this; on the other hand, you may not need the audience to answer this question, then you may say: "Isn't it so?" The rhetorical method is rhetorical questioning.The rhetorical method of rhetorical questions is just to draw the audience's attention to your question, and it is often used in conclusions and transitions. However, the role of rhetorical questions is far more than that, let us look at a story. Once, the great Napoleon proudly said to his secretary: "Brian, do you know? You will be immortal." Briand didn't understand what he meant, and asked Napoleon why he said that. Napoleon said: "Aren't you my secretary?" After Briand understood, he said to Napoleon not to be outdone, "Excuse me, who is Alexander's secretary?" Napoleon did not answer, he praised Briand and said: "Good question!" Do you understand the mystery of this conversation?Napoleon meant that Brion would be famous because he was his secretary.However, Brion said that he was unwilling to rely on others to be famous, so he asked Napoleon such a sentence.He asked Napoleon what he meant by saying that the secretary of a great man does not necessarily have to be famous.However, because Napoleon was his coach, he could not directly refute Napoleon's point of view, so he cleverly expressed his point of view with rhetorical questions. Sometimes, rhetorical questions can express more meaning.Just like Napoleon's secretary, if you want to convince someone, the best way is to ask the question with examples, which is more convincing than a positive debate. Sixth, compare: Contrast means listing two opposite or opposing things at the same time.Contrast can really make the original plain words wonderful and make you very eloquent.Let's first look at how Charles Dickens skillfully uses the rhetorical device of contrast in the novel: "It was the best of times and it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom and it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of faith and it was the epoch of doubt; it was the season of light and it was the season of darkness; it was hope The spring of spring is also the winter of despair. In front of us, there are mountains of piles and nothing. We are all going to heaven, and we are all going to hell..." how does it soundIsn't it very touching?You also hope that such beautiful and persuasive sentences will appear in your words!Don't worry about why this rhetorical method works the way it does. These questions can be left to the linguists or psychologists to answer. Just know that it works and use it as much as possible. When you encourage everyone to complete the task as soon as possible, you can say: "Let's stop talking and start acting." And when you remind everyone not to waste food, you can say: "You are indeed full now, but this There are many starving people in the world.” If you need more examples, you can find and summarize them yourself. Seventh, parallelism: "We are here to say firmly: let their deaths count; let this nation, under the blessing of God, be given a new life of freedom; let the government of the people, by the people, and for the people not disappear from this earth." This is the last part of Lincoln's famous Gettysburg Address, where Lincoln uses two parallels. (The Chinese and English parallels are different. There are indeed two parallel sentences in English—Editor’s Note) This makes the original plain words vivid and powerful, which has a great appeal to the audience. Parallelism is to put 3 or more of the same sentence patterns together instead of expressing the same meaning.You've probably seen many examples of this too.The unique advantage of parallelism is that it can be applied to any topic.No matter what you have to say, you can always use this figure of speech. Mastering the above rhetorical methods, we can better express our meaning and manipulate the art of language.You don't need to be troubled by the need to master so many rhetorical methods. In fact, it is precisely because of them that your speech becomes more persuasive.For more rhetorical methods, you can look for related works. Modifier language, it is your weapon: ●The use of quotations makes it easier for the audience to understand your point of view. ●Use repetition to emphasize your important points. ● Use contrast to make your speech more persuasive. ●Use parallelism to make your speech more powerful.