Chapter 7 Chapter 6 Quality Cultivation of Debaters

★Cultivation of debater's language ability Language is a bridge and a medium between the debater and his opponent, the audience and the judges.Without this bridge, without this medium, our thoughts cannot be transmitted to the opponent, nor can it reach the audience and judges, and the whole debate will not happen. In terms of the cultivation of language ability, the speed of language should be solved first.Debates are spoken at a different rate than other situations where it is used.Relatively speaking, among several language arts, the speech speed of recitation is the slowest, and the speech speed of speech is faster than the broadcast of expository articles.In the debate competition rules, there are strict limits on the time each debater spends in his speeches and the time each team spends in free debate.Therefore, some debaters use speeding up speech as a strategy in order to achieve the maximum language capacity within a limited time.Although the speed of debate is faster than that of everyday language, there is a limit to how fast it is.On the premise of clear enunciation, the appropriate speaking speed also varies from person to person, time and situation.Lively and enthusiastic contestants can speak faster, while calm and rational contestants can speak slowly; when making statements and questions, appeal points and arguments, the speech speed can be appropriately slow, and key words can even be added word by word. Prominent; and when counterattacking the opponent's attack, the speaking speed can be a little faster to show the edge of one's own side.In the same debate, or even the same debater, the speed of speech should not be static, but should vary depending on the specific situation.

Second, we also need to pay attention to the tone of the debate.Pay attention to the coordination and unity of pronunciation, intonation and speech speed.As far as the debate is concerned, the stage of argumentation should be impassioned to show the solid foundation of one's own argument; counterattacking the opponent's attack should be firm and powerful to show one's confidence and strength; To render the atmosphere and mobilize the audience's emotions.I feel that when the confidence is not great, when the opponent is temporarily avoiding the sharp edge or has to deal with it, the speaking speed can be appropriately faster, but the tone must be crisp and sharp, and the words must be decisive, without hesitation or uncertainty.

In addition, male and female debaters should also have obvious differences in the grasp of language.Female contestants are soft but not soft, and there is strength in softness; male contestants are rigid but not aggressive, both rigid and tough.When necessary, male contestants can be aggressive and use "potential" more, while female contestants should be kind and use "feeling" more; male contestants should be witty in their perseverance, humorous and ridiculed, but not slick, and female contestants hide their wits in tranquility. It can be slightly humorous, but it is not suitable for ridicule.Throughout the game, hardness and softness were combined to produce changes.

The language of the debate must be meaningful, the words can express the meaning, closely follow the topic of the debate, and do not talk nonsense.At the same time, it must be as orderly as possible.The so-called order here means that there must be a logical level and a clear order.Finally, we must "hold it with a reason and speak with reason", that is, what we say and argue is well-founded and logical, and don't turn the debate into sophistry.We sum up the above three requirements, that is, the choice of words and sentences in the debate should be appropriate, concise and concise; appropriate quotations of idioms, poems, aphorisms, and epigrams.

Humor is one of the brightest sparks, it can add color to the debate, entertain and enlighten people.Humor is different from laughing and amusing, let alone grandstanding.Humor is wit, using metaphors that stay at the center of the debate, are familiar to the viewer or listener, and are philosophical and thought-provoking. In addition to using vocal language to express our thoughts, we can also borrow gesture language to express ourselves, which will be covered later. ★Cultivation of adaptability In the face-to-face confrontation of debate, excellent adaptability is an indispensable ability for debaters.During the debate, both sides of the debate try to attack the other side by surprise.Only with excellent adaptability can it be possible to defeat the opponent.

1. Agility The so-called agility means that the debater should react quickly in the debate, not only be able to quickly discover the opponent's weakness, but also be able to think quickly, and quickly organize and express language to fight back against the opponent. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Yong was in the middle hall and was famous for his quick thinking and eloquence.One day, when Qianlong went to the Summer Resort, Liu Yong accompanied him.When going out for a walk, a group of people strolled into the Great Buddha Temple.Seeing the big belly Maitreya Buddha smiling at him, Qianlong asked, "Liu Aiqing, why is Maitreya Buddha smiling at me?"

Liu Yong replied: "My Majesty, the Holy Majesty is the reincarnation of Manjusri Bodhisattva. Today's living Buddha came here today, so the Buddha smiled when he saw the Buddha." Qianlong was naturally very happy when he heard this.When Liu Yong walked in front of Maitreya Buddha, Qianlong turned around and asked, "The Buddha also smiled when he saw Qing, why?" Liu Yong replied: "When the Buddha sees the minister laughing, the laughing minister cannot become a Buddha." Qianlong laughed involuntarily after hearing this. In this story, Liu Yong's excellent adaptability played a key role in being able to get out of the predicament.

Responsive agility is an extremely important quality for debate.Unresponsive and dull people will be tongue-tied when encountering unexpected situations. They know that the other party is wrong but don't know how to refute it, so they can only watch the other party benefit from it.It is difficult for such a person to win in a debate. Only a person with extremely quick response ability can win in a debate. Two, comprehensive As we said earlier, debating ability is a very comprehensive ability, and the comprehensiveness of the debater's resilience is more prominent.First, debaters must have outstanding resilience and must have good psychological quality.Only by being calm and calm when encountering unexpected situations in the debate can the normal use of the debater's intelligence be guaranteed.Second, debaters must also possess keen insight.No matter how clever a debater is, no matter how plausible his speech is, there will definitely be loopholes or places where he cannot justify himself. The debater must be able to quickly grasp the opponent's weaknesses.Third, debaters must also possess quick thinking skills.After discovering the opponent's weakness, you must be responsive, make quick decisions, and respond in a timely manner.Fourth, debaters must have outstanding language skills, rich knowledge and experience, and the ability to be familiar with various debate techniques and use them skillfully.In this way, we can mobilize the accumulated knowledge and experience when the other party is in trouble, quickly organize the language to respond, and make ourselves invincible in the debate.

3. Singularity A farmer met with a school teacher, and there was a conversation between the farmer and the teacher.Farmer: "I want to educate my son! Lest he become a fool later on." Teacher: "You are doing the right thing, but you have to pay 100 yuan a month." Farmer: "This amount is not small. I can buy a small donkey." Teacher: "If you buy a donkey and don't educate your son, you will have two donkeys at home." Here, the teacher's answer should be said to be very strange. The so-called uniqueness is to require the debater to highlight the strange tricks when dealing with the sudden unexpected situation, and to give the opponent an answer by surprise in a way that the opponent did not expect.

★Cultivation of debater's thinking ability ◎Debaters must have careful thinking ability If a person wants to have outstanding language expression ability, he must first have excellent thinking ability.In fact, the reason is very simple. If there is no insight into things, there will be no amazing words.If there is no spring of thoughts, it is impossible to be eloquent.The level of a person's thinking ability is directly related to the success or failure of the debate.To improve the ability to debate, we must first improve the ability to think in the debate.Thinking in debate must have the following characteristics.

1. Argumentative thinking In a debate, the debater's thinking must be clear in concept, accurate in judgment, logical in reasoning, and orderly in narrative.Analyzing from the practice of debate, all debaters with demonstrative thinking are good at understanding things from connections, trying to find the connections between things, and then make arguments that are well-founded and reasonable.On the contrary, those debaters who lack argumentative thinking often have weak arguments, can't make sense, have insufficient basis for their speeches, and even speak incoherently and inconsistently. It is difficult for such people to win in fierce debates. 2. Profound thinking The so-called profundity of debate thinking refers to the ability to accurately reveal the most essential aspects of things through complicated surface phenomena in debates.Because profound, sharp and philosophical debates are effective means to conquer opponents; on the contrary, posturing, confused thinking, and superficial insights are the biggest enemies of debate. 3. Quick thinking Agility means that debaters can quickly respond to external stimuli, quickly grasp existing problems, and find ways and methods to solve them.Especially in an immediate debate like an oral debate, once the other party has finished speaking, he must continue to speak immediately to defend his own point of view or refute the other party's point of view. Quick judgment and the ability to organize material quickly, choose the best method of argument, and respond immediately.To do this, the mind must be very quick.On the contrary, if the response is slow and dull, and you still don't know what's going on in the opponent's defense for a long time, you will definitely lose the initiative in the debate and raise a white flag to your opponent. The formation of debate strategy thinking must have three elements: meaningfulness, pertinence, and rationality.That is, the meaning of the debate that conforms to the main motivation of the debater, the pertinence of the thoughts, arguments and behaviors of the object of the debate, and the rationality of the relevant reality and truth standards of the topic. In life, most of us must speak accurately, clearly, and systematically to reflect our own thinking results, while debates have higher requirements on the thinking of the debaters, requiring the debaters to have the ability to respond quickly and adapt to the changed arguments and arguments in a timely manner. Scenarios, relying vigilantly on the triggers of the debate scene, quickly and rigorously organize the defense and convey it. ◎How to cultivate agile thinking 1. Cultivate a wide range of interests The so-called interest is people's cognitive tendency to actively explore something, which is generated and developed in the process of practice.Interest can enhance the stimulation of external signals and cause quick responses.In the practice of debate, it is not difficult to find that people respond faster to topics that are of great interest than those that are not, which is actually the function of interest. 2. Pay attention to knowledge accumulation A person's thinking ability is closely related to a person's knowledge accumulation.Theoretically, both the quality and quantity of information reserves are related to people's responses.If the problem mentioned by the opponent happens to be something you have studied for a long time, it is like a stone stirring up a thousand waves, which will naturally trigger a chain reaction of information stored in your brain.Therefore, we must often practice activating our response to external signals.The specific methods mainly include the following. 1. Pair training The so-called couplets are the traditional couplets in our country.This kind of pair training can train our ability to respond quickly based on the information sent by the other party. 2. Trigger training The so-called trigger is the method of comprehending other things through the touch of one thing.Analyzing from a psychological point of view, triggering depends on the brain's ability to associate, and association is a psychological process in which one thing thinks of another.We can associate something with its symbolic meaning or escape from the characteristics or original meaning of a certain thing, and carry out trigger training. 3. Abnormal thinking training This form of training softens our own brains and frees our brains from being in a mindset.In the process of this kind of thinking activity, the brain can break through the fixed way of thinking, incorporate new relationships with familiar mental models, consider objects from a new perspective, and make correct conclusions to enhance the agility of thinking. In the process of considering problems, creative thinking can reflect the leaping nature of the thinking process.In other words, it is necessary to "omit" certain reasoning procedures, speed up the thinking process, and increase the time span and space span of thinking.The quality of creative thinking is the basic guarantee for success in the debate. ★Integrity of knowledge structure A high-level debate competition is not only a skill-intensive debate, but also a knowledge-intensive debate.Only when a debater has extensive, complete and rigorous knowledge, and a certain breadth and depth of understanding of the subject areas involved, can he be eloquent and powerful in the debate field. If a debater wants to acquire rich knowledge and perfect his own knowledge structure, what aspects should he work on? 1. Learn from others "If three people walk together, there must be my teacher." If we want to improve our knowledge structure, we must be good at learning from others.No matter how great a person's ability is, it is impossible to exhaust all knowledge.The so-called "technical industry has a specialization", everyone has their own expertise, so we should humbly seek advice from experts and learn from those with special skills. 2. Learn from excellent works Books are the crystallization of the wisdom of the predecessors and a treasure house of knowledge. If you want to improve your knowledge structure, learning from books is a very effective way.As far as the debate is concerned, it is not required that all debaters become experts in a certain field, but the debaters should be "miscellaneous", that is to say, they should read as wide as possible, such as philosophy, psychology, linguistics, logic, etc. , history, modern scientific knowledge, etc.By learning from books, knowledge will naturally increase, and the knowledge structure will naturally gradually improve.Of course, as a debater, you should also pay special attention to making some reading excerpts and cards when reading, such as major historical events, celebrity anecdotes, idiom allusions, flashing wise words, important statistical data, etc., so that you can refer to them during the debate. . 3. Learn from society Society is the best university. If you want to improve your knowledge structure and fill your knowledge treasure house, in addition to studying from books, you must often go out to learn from society, investigate and understand society, understand nature, and learn things that are not in books. Knowledge.Because the knowledge learned directly from the society is what the debaters experience, hear, and see with their own eyes, it is often true, vivid, moving, and more convincing. Debate is an all-round test for a person, among which, whether the knowledge structure is perfect or not is of great significance in the debate.If a debater has poor knowledge and imperfect knowledge structure, it is impossible to succeed in the debate.