Chapter 5 Chapter Four "Encirclement and Suppression"

Li Lisan's boat is a boat that is both brave and swaying violently.The Jiang army known as Jiang He and the Red Army known as "Zhu Mao" collided head-on in the red base, and they were all generals like clouds.It was not the German adviser who suggested the bunker policy to besiege Zhu Mao, but Jin Handing, a classmate of the second team of Class C of Zhu De's Yunnan Lecture Hall. The most thrilling fights in the Chinese revolution were Chiang Kai-shek's "encirclement and suppression" and Mao Zedong's counter-"encirclement and suppression". After he succeeded on April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek did not expect that "encirclement and suppression" would be needed to deal with the Communists.

And it was "encirclement and suppression" again and again, again and again, three and four, and four and five. In the last three times, he had to be the commander-in-chief.Even the "September 18th" incident and the "January 28th" incident have no time to take care of.Single-mindedly and single-mindedly, "Settle the inside first and then fight the outside world", "To fight the outside world, you must first settle the inside". For the last time he had to use all the strength he could. Until Zhang Xueliang "remonstrated" in Xi'an, and the situation became so unmanageable, I still lamented that it was only two weeks away from the end.

For Chiang, the failure to "suppress the communists" was indeed beyond words. The confrontation with the Communists initially went smoothly.From the "March 20" Zhongshan ship incident in 1926 to the "April 12" counter-revolutionary incident in 1927, he succeeded repeatedly without much effort. After the "Zhongshan Ship Incident", the Communists were forced to withdraw from the First Army and the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, accept the "party affairs case", and fully retreat. "April 12", "Purge the Party", "It is better to be killed by mistake than to be released by mistake", and the Communists are even more dead and bloody.Those who hesitated and vacillated left the party one after another, and some openly published anti-communist notices in newspapers, leading people to arrest and hunt down their comrades-in-arms.

Chen Yannian was arrested for betrayal by his traffic staff. Zhao Shiyan was arrested by the Secretary-General of Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China led by Bao Tan. The traitor He Zhihua betrayed Luo Yinong for a sum of US dollars and two passports for going abroad. The belief of some Communists has become so cheap at this very moment. Also so expensive. Chiang Kai-shek believed almost without doubt: The Communist Party has collapsed.When he was in the Whampoa Military Academy to persuade the students to believe in the Three People's Principles, he was earnest and took the trouble; now, facing the flood of "defectors", he doesn't even want to see them.

It was an unprecedentedly successful year for Commander-in-Chief Chiang.Immediately afterwards, the Hailufeng Uprising, Nanchang Uprising, Autumn Harvest Uprising, Jute Uprising, and Guangzhou Uprising were suppressed one after another. He also believed that the Communist Party as an organized force was basically wiped out, and the small team that drilled mountains as "bandits" had disappeared. Not enough. So he freed up his hands. From the second half of 1927 to the second half of 1930, he dealt with Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Zongchang, Tang Shengzhi and Li Zongren, Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, and spent three years in warlord melee.

When the head of Guo Liang, chairman of the Hunan Federation of Trade Unions and acting secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, was hanged high above the gate of Changsha City for public display, Lu Xun said: "It is rare for a revolution to be suspended from the head." Darkness, because there is no way out, so you want revolution?" Chiang Kai-shek didn't understand this.Therefore, he never imagined that in the past three years when his military strength and political power were unprecedentedly expanded, those sparks that he drove to remote mountainous areas would become his real and final gravediggers.

The first to wake him up was Li Lisan who planned to "join Wuhan and drink horses to the Yangtze River". Li Lisan's revolutionary determination and violent temper are well known to all. At the beginning of 1920, he went to France for a work-study program. He was a sand-turner in front of a furnace that others did not want to do, and he worked hard and sweated profusely.The master is a member of the French Communist Party. Li Lisan, 21, accepted the communist ideology from his master, and actively participated in the student movement and the struggle for the rights of Chinese laborers. He was emotional and contagious.When it comes to reactionary forces, they shout: "Overthrow! Down! Kill!" Because of his daring to fight, the students studying in France gave him the nickname "Tank".

During the Spring Festival of 1922, Li Lisan went home to visit relatives.His father, Li Jingrong, thought he had just returned to China from France, so he asked, "What are you going to do when you come back from studying abroad?" Li Lisan replied: "I want to be a communist!" Li Jingrong didn't know that at this time his son was launching a workers' strike in Anyuan Road Mine. He was furious after hearing Li Lisan's answer, "This is pure nonsense! You are looking for death! The warlord has so many soldiers and so many guns, you little ones can't do it in a thousand years!"

Li Lisan replied: "The warlords have guns, we have the truth, and we have the people. It doesn't matter if we die. If some people are sacrificed, more people will definitely rise up for the revolution, and the revolution will surely succeed!" The entire Spring Festival was spent in quarrels between father and son. Li Jingrong later said to everyone she met: "This son has been given up, so let's just pretend he wasn't born!" Li Jingrong was afraid of the violence of the warlord.A few days ago, Hunan labor union leaders Huang Ai and Pang Renquan were killed by Zhao Hengti outside Liuyang Gate in Changsha.In fact, Li Lisan is the same. If there is no protection from workers, Li Jingrong's son will also be abandoned in Anyuan.

At that time, Wang Hongqing, the director of the Anyuan Coal Mine, found out that Li Lisan, the director of the Road and Mine Club, was the leader of the strike. He went out to find someone to assassinate Li Lisan.The workers learned that they surrounded Li Lisan from morning to night, and when they had to come forward, they always followed dozens of workers to surround him, and after talking for more than ten minutes, they hugged him and left, making the other party unconditional. start. Li Lisan responded to violence with violence.At the most critical stage of the strike negotiations, the road and mining authorities tried to play tricks after completing the thirteen articles of the "draft agreement".Li Lisan stood up and said, "We have made the most concessions. If the authorities accept this condition, we will resume work. Otherwise, I will leave the mining area and let the workers move freely."Li Shouquan, the mine manager, said in his diary: "The situation is so urgent. If there is a riot, the industry with millions of dollars cannot be guaranteed... Only the conditions are set to start work to calm the wind."

Regarding the Anyuan strike victory, Liu Shaoqi said, "This is really unique in the naive Chinese labor movement." This victory had a huge impact on the national labor movement.After the failure of the strike on the Beijing-Hanzhou Railway, all trade union organizations in various places were closed and forced to go underground. Only the well-organized Anyuan Road and Mine Workers Club had a strong working class, and the reactionary authorities did not dare to suppress it rashly.Deng Zhongxia said in "A Brief History of the Chinese Labor Movement" that the Anyuan Road Mine is the only remaining paradise. Li Lisan made great contributions to the Chinese labor movement.But he wasn't swayed by it.Later, in a letter to the workers who asked him to stay as the director of the club, he said: "The masses will eventually have strength, unity will eventually have strength, and individuals will never have strength." "As long as you know socialism, don't know anyone." .” The successful Anyuan Coal Mine Strike greatly developed the Party organization. At the end of 1924, the Chinese Communist Party had only 900 members, including 300 members in the Anyuan Coal Mine. Li Lisan went to Wuhan to lead the labor movement in 1926.In Wuhan, Xiang Zhongfa, who was a boatman, was only a nominal leader, and Li Lisan was actually in charge of the work.People said at the time that as long as Zhongfa and Li Lisan were given an order, the 300,000 workers in the three towns of Wuhan could advance or retreat. Li Jingrong lost a rebellious son, but the revolution gained an uncompromising general. This fierce general's contribution to the Chinese revolution is by no means limited to the labor movement. The "Comprehensive Dictionary of the Communist Party of China" published in the 1990s commented in the article "Li Lisan": "After Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei successively betrayed the revolution, they participated in the August 1st Nanchang Uprising, and served as members of the CCP's Front Enemy Committee, Revolutionary Committee and Political Chief of Security." Li Lisan was by no means just a participant in the August 1st Nanchang Uprising, which launched the first armed rebellion against the Kuomintang, but also the earliest proposer of this uprising. After the failure of the Great Revolution, he firmly advocated counter-revolutionary violence with revolutionary violence. On July 12, 1927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was reorganized according to the instructions of the Communist International, and Chen Duxiu was suspended from office. Borodin appointed Zhang Guotao, Zhang Tailei, Li Weihan, Li Lisan, and Zhou Enlai to form the Standing Committee of the Central Committee to act on behalf of the Politburo. There was no plan for the Nanchang Uprising at first.The main work of the interim central government was to deploy the party organization to go underground and the central government to retreat to Shanghai via Jiujiang.For this reason, Li Lisan and Deng Zhongxia, the Secretary-General of the Central Committee, were sent to Jiujiang in advance to make arrangements for the retreat of the Central Committee, and at the same time to investigate the possibility of using Zhang Fakui's "Back to Guangdong Movement" to fight back to Guangdong in order to try again. After Li Lisan arrived in Jiujiang, he changed the task of planning the retreat into organizing an armed uprising. On July 20, he held a meeting with Tan Pingshan, Deng Zhongxia and others in Jiujiang, and believed that the "Back to Guangdong Movement" relying on Zhang Fakui had little chance of success.Even if the return to Guangdong is successful, the breakup with Zhang Fakui is also inevitable because our party has begun to implement the general policy of agrarian revolution.Therefore, we should launch our own independent military action, "Concentrate in Nanchang as soon as possible in the military, move the 20th Army to join us, carry out riots in Nanchang, and solve the armed forces of the Third, Sixth, and Ninth Armies in Nanchang. Politically oppose Wuhan, The two governments in Nanjing, establish a new government to call." This was the earliest proposal to hold the Nanchang Uprising. Before the first Jiujiang Conference was held, the central government had already determined the general policy of armed resistance to the Kuomintang.However, there are no further plans for how to armed resistance, when and where to hold what kind of uprising.Li Lisan decisively proposed the Nanchang riot at this meeting, which is a major historical achievement that cannot be erased. As soon as the meeting ended, Li Lisan and Deng Zhongxia immediately went to Mount Lushan to report to Bao Luoting, Qu Qiubai, and Zhang Tailei who had just arrived. Borodin remained silent.Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei fully agree. At this time, the new representative of the Comintern, Rominaz, arrived in Hankou, and news came from Hankou that an emergency meeting would be held.Li Lisan immediately asked Qu Qiubai, who was going to Hankou for a meeting, to report this opinion to the central government, and asked the central government to make a quick decision. Li Lisan acted as usual before the instructions from the central government arrived.Immediately after he went down from the mountain on July 24, he held the second Jiujiang meeting, and decided that Ye and He's troops would concentrate in Nanchang before the 28th, and a riot would be staged on the evening of the 28th.Then call again to ask the central government to give instructions as soon as possible. Looking back today, if there is no second Jiujiang Conference, not only the time of the uprising is difficult to say, but the location of the uprising may not be in Nanchang. Zhou Enlai first received a report from Li Lisan in Wuhan.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held two meetings to discuss the Nanchang Uprising.In the end, it was agreed to hold a riot, but another opinion was raised on the location of the riot.He thought that Nanxun could be chosen instead of Nanchang; at the same time, Zhou Enlai was sent to Jiujiang from Hankou immediately. On July 25, Zhou En came to Jiujiang to convene the third Jiujiang meeting.It was conveyed at the meeting: The Standing Committee of the Central Committee and international representatives agreed to launch a riot in the Nanxun area, and then enter Guangdong from eastern Jiangxi to join the Dongjiang peasant army. Li Lisan disagreed with choosing Nanxun as the location of the riot.I think that the gathering of warlord troops in the Jiujiang area is not good for me; at the same time, Ye and He's troops have already marched to Nanchang one after another, and the Nanchang Uprising is imperative. Zhou Enlai finally agreed with Li Lisan to stage a riot in Nanchang instead of Nanxun. At this point, the Nanchang Uprising was finally determined.Zhou Enlai, Li Lisan and others set off from Jiujiang to Nanchang to set up the Front Enemy Committee.The Front Enemy Committee decided to hold a riot on the night of July 30. One wave just leveled off and another wave rose again.Zhang Guotao, a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee who ranked first, arrived in Jiujiang on the morning of July 27 and brought the latest opinion from the Central Committee, calling for the postponement of the uprising. On the morning of the 30th, the Front Enemy Committee held an emergency meeting at a women's vocational school in Nanchang. Zhang Guotao conveyed the spirit of the Central Committee and demanded a re-discussion of the uprising. Before Zhang finished speaking, Li Lisan was the first to stand up and said excitedly: "Everything is ready, haha! Why do we have to discuss again?" Zhou Enlai went on to say: "The task given to me by the international representatives and the central government is to preside over this movement. What you mean is not in line with what the central government sent me to. No uprising is allowed. I will resign!" Zhou Enlai told others afterwards Said, this is the first time in his life to take a table. Zhang Guotao saw that Li Lisan was a cannon, and to overthrow him would be enough to convince others, so he had a private conversation with him immediately after the meeting.After all, Li Lisan said: "Everything is ready, there is no time to make any changes!" The helpless Zhang Guotao finally had to obey the majority.The uprising was scheduled to take place in the early morning of August 1st. The August 1st Nanchang Uprising was an armed riot in which the Chinese revolution was at a critical juncture of life and death. The Chinese Communists had to resolutely take up arms and resist the Kuomintang's policy of bloody massacre.It was the beginning of the Chinese Communist Party's independent leadership of the armed struggle, and it was also the darkest day and the most difficult day for the Chinese Communists.Mao Zedong described that he was "depressed and didn't know what to do for a while." At this moment, Li Lisan resolutely proposed and firmly insisted on the Nanchang riots, took the lead in practicing armed revolution against armed counter-revolution, and made a great contribution to the Chinese revolution. Li Lisan, who dared to go his own way, later insisted on going his own way and came up with a "Li Lisan line". From the winter of 1928 to the autumn of 1930, Li Lisan became one of the main leaders of the CPC Central Committee.He disagreed with Mao Zedong's practice of implementing armed separatism between workers and peasants and establishing vast rural base areas. He personally drafted the "Letter from the Central Committee to the Front Committee of the Fourth Army": You now fully reflect the peasants' consciousness, and you have shown political mistakes in terms of opportunity.You are making mistakes: (1) carrying out the agrarian revolution from the standpoint of peasants, like your theory that "the countryside is the first step, and the cities are the second step"... (2) your standpoint of separatist regimes, which is also a Farmers’ point of view, if you think that the three-province border separatism is completed first, and then Nanchang is attacked... He looked down on Mao Zedong's rural base.He believes that "the village is the limbs of the ruling class, and the city is their brain and confidant. Just cutting off his limbs without cutting off his mind and blowing up his confidantes cannot control his final death." The brutal strife that cuts the heads of the ruling class and blasts his henchmen is mainly due to the last fierce struggle of the working class - the armed insurrection". It is at this point that Li Lisan, who advocated the theory of "beheading" in the late 1920s, divorced himself from the reality of the Chinese revolution. After June 1930, Li Lisan became the actual host of the central work.The boat he ruddered immediately became a boat that was both aggressive and swaying violently. At the time when Jiang, Feng, and Yan were engaged in the Great War in the Central Plains, 31-year-old Li Lisan believed that "the timing of unprecedented world events and world revolutions is approaching before us", and that the Chinese revolution has reached the moment when it will be accomplished overnight.While deploying armed riots in central cities, he reorganized the National Red Army to attack big cities. Li Lisan's plan is: The Fourth Red Army, the Twelfth Red Army, and the Third Red Army were organized into the First Red Army, commanded by Zhu De and Mao Zedong, to attack Nanchang and Jiujiang, cut off the Yangtze River, and cover the victory in Wuhan; the Fifth Red Army, the Eighth Red Army, and the Sixteenth Red Army Formed into the Third Red Army Corps, commanded by Peng Dehuai, Huang Gonglue, and Teng Daiyuan, occupied Daye, cut off the Wuhan (Han) Chang (Sha) Railway, and marched into Wuhan; the Red Army in the western Hunan and Hubei regions was organized into the Second Red Army Corps, led by He Long and Zhou Yiqun Commanded, helped local riots, and marched into Wuhan; the First Red Army in Hubei, Henan, and Anhui was commanded by Xu Jishen and Xu Qianqian, cut off the Beijing-Han Railway, and marched into Wuhan; the Seventh and Eighth Red Army in Guangxi were commanded by Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi to attack Liuzhou and Guilin , advance to Guangzhou, and then go north to jointly attack Changsha; the attack arrows of the Red Army from all walks of life finally point to the heart of China, "join forces in Wuhan, drink horses in the Yangtze River". When Li Lisan formulated this unprecedentedly large plan of military offensive and armed riot in Shanghai, his blood must have been surging. If Chiang Kai-shek saw this "Central Military Commission Yangtze River Office Work Plan", he would definitely break out in a cold sweat.Because the "plan" shows that the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army has grown to more than 100,000 people during the three years of Chiang Kai-shek's melee with various warlords. On July 27, 1930, Peng Dehuai led the Red Army to attack and occupy Changsha.He Jian, the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Route Army of the Kuomintang who killed the Communist Party without blinking an eye, posted a notice in the city saying "Citizens and residents, don't panic, I will live and die with Changsha", and fled to the west bank of the Xiangjiang River alone. In the ten-year Agrarian Revolutionary War, this was the only case in which the Red Army of Workers and Peasants captured the provincial capital. It is said that Li Lisan's mouth is so big that he can put his own fist into his mouth.The capture of Changsha made him even more famous. On August 6, he reported "Current Political Situation and the Party's Tasks in Preparing for Armed Insurrection" at the Central Action Committee: "Comrades! The current situation of the Chinese revolution is advancing by leaps and bounds, and it has clearly shown that it has reached the historical level The eve of a great event." "Anyone who doesn't understand the actual situation in China will definitely think that this is the exaggeration of the Communists, or Bronkism. If you go to the factory now and ask the workers if they need riots, the workers will definitely answer that they do. Many workers Said: 'When there is a riot, you have to come and inform me.'” "This time when the Fifth Red Army attacked Changsha, the Red Army had only three or four thousand troops, while He Jian had more than seven regiments. But when the Red Army came into contact with He Jian's troops, He Jian's troops all surrendered to the Red Army like water.  … …Now when the Red Army is attacking Wuhan, how can we know that we will not encounter such a situation? If it is possible—and indeed it is not only possible but also inevitable, why can’t we lead the Red Army to attack Wuhan? Let the Red Army wait at a distance Wuhan workers rioted, I am afraid only nerds would think so...” In fact, the enemy did not "surrender to the Red Army like water."Peng Dehuai, commander-in-chief of the Red Army Corps, said that every time the White Army was wiped out, it was the Red Army who fought hard.The military technology of the Red Army is still very backward.Before occupying Changsha, several field artillery pieces and mountain artillery pieces were seized in Yueyang, but no one in the army knew how to use them except Peng Dehuai and Wu Ting, a Korean cadre.As a result, Peng Dehuai and Wu Ting, the commander-in-chief of the army, had to fire the guns themselves. The Red Army, which had to be commanded to fire cannons in person, finally established its own artillery.The Red Army with artillery captured Changsha, which could not but shock China and foreign countries. A by-product of the shock was rumors flying all over the place. Mao Zedong and Zhu De, who were criticized by Li Lisan on behalf of the Central Committee, had no choice but to lead the Red Army to attack Nanchang.They retreated after demonstrating around Nanchang, did not really attack the city, and misrepresented that Nanchang was occupied by the Red Army. On August 4, 1930, the front page of the "Guowen Weekly" had a striking headline "The Communist Party Stuck in Changsha and Nanchang": "Recently, the Central Plains has been fiercely fought, and the provincial troops have been recruited to the front. The defense feels empty. The Communist Party took the opportunity to rise. Changsha was occupied on the evening of the 30th, and Nanchang was occupied on the 30th. At the same time, the Communist Party of Northern Hubei cut off Pinghan Road in the garden and occupied Xiaogan, so Wuhan also felt panic.” If there is any misfortune, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River belong to the common people.” At the same time, the "Domestic Weekly Memorabilia" recorded: "July 30, Wednesday, the Communist Party occupied Nanchang, all agencies and consulates were burned, and then attacked Jiujiang." The non-existent facts cannot be corrected for 6 days, and the imaginary murder and arson have also been listed in the "Chronicles of Events" upright. Opponents Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang on the battlefield seized the opportunity and immediately labeled Chiang Kai-shek as "indulging the communist bandits" and "indulging the communist party to bring harm to the people". The mixture of true and false news and pressure greatly shocked Chiang Kai-shek. Just when Li Lisan was indulging in "joining forces in Wuhan and drinking horses in the Yangtze River", Chiang Kai-shek sent a secret telegram from the Henan front to Nanjing, requesting that He Yingqin, the head of the Wuhan camp, be immediately appointed as the "chief bandit suppression commander in the three provinces of Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi."At the same time, the third division of the direct line taught the first to go south. The Central Plains War has not yet ended, and Chiang Kai-shek began to prepare for the "bandit suppression" war. The protracted "encirclement and suppression" of the Soviet area thus kicked off. The curtain has not yet been drawn, and the "Li San Line" has come to an end.The Communist International and Stalin launched a quick and firm counterattack against Li Lisan, who demanded that the Soviet Union stop the five-year plan to prepare to support China's revolutionary war, and demanded that Outer Mongolia return to China. Chiang Kai-shek didn't know this.No need to know either.When the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was busy cleaning up the "Li San Line", he started his "encirclement and suppression". Once sent, but not received. In the first "encirclement and suppression", 100,000 troops were mobilized, with Lu Diping, chairman of Jiangxi Province, as the commander-in-chief, driving straight in and attacking separately. In the second "encirclement and suppression campaign", He Yingqin, Minister of Military and Political Affairs, was the commander-in-chief, and 200,000 troops were raised, fighting steadily and step by step. In the third "encirclement and suppression", 300,000 troops were used, and Jiang himself was appointed as the commander-in-chief. In the fourth "encirclement and suppression campaign", Jiang himself was appointed as the "commander-in-chief of bandit suppression in Hubei, Henan, Anhui", and He Yingqin was appointed as "commander-in-chief of bandit suppression in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan". In the West Soviet Area, 500,000 troops will be mobilized to attack the Central Soviet Area after success; In the fifth "encirclement and suppression campaign", millions of soldiers were mobilized, almost all of the country's soldiers; 500,000 of them were used in the Central Soviet Area.His direct descendants came out in full force.Jiang himself served as the commander-in-chief, with three points of military affairs and seven points of politics; strict blockade and development of transportation; In order to suppress the Communist Party, it is not insignificant to raise troops, and the strategy and tactics are not incomplete.It is true that he has poured his heart and soul into it. It is true that there are eighteen martial arts and eighteen martial arts are used, and eighteen weapons are used when there are eighteen weapons. For the first "encirclement and suppression", he offered a reward of 50,000 Guangyang for the capture of Zhu De, Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai, and Huang Gonglue.At the same time, it declared that "within March, at most May, all restrictions will be cleared" of the Red Army.It seems that a futures transaction was completed in Shanghai that year. On December 5, 1930, Chiang Kai-shek went from Nanjing to Jiujiang on a warship to command the "communist suppression". The appearance is done, but the heart still looks down on Zhu Maopeng and Huang Hongjun. When Chiang Kai-shek bought local warlords, he sold hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars; to win over a big warlord like Yan Xishan, he even gave away tens of millions of yuan at a time.For the leader of the Red Army, his bid is modest by comparison. At this time, he had subdued Tang Shengzhi with 200,000 troops, crushed Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi with 300,000 troops, incorporated Zhang Xueliang with nearly 400,000 troops, and just defeated Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan with more than 700,000 troops; There is nothing in the eyes, and the 30,000 Red Army in southern Jiangxi is not in the eyes at all.He only made a quick tour of Jiangxi, took a tour of Lushan Mountain with his staff, then handed over the command to Lu Diping, and returned to Nanjing to wait for the news of victory. News of the victory did not wait.What awaited us was the head of Zhang Huizan, commander of the 18th Division, the main force of the "encirclement and suppression" campaign drifting down the Ganjiang River, and a telegram from commander-in-chief Lu Diping: "In the Battle of Longgang, all members of the 18th Division will not return. " He Yingqin and Lu Diping cried in Nanchang with tears in their coffins; Chiang Kai-shek also sighed in Nanjing "Woohoo Shihou (Zhang Huizan's alias), the soul is back"; the first "encirclement and suppression" was mournful at the funeral Finish. At the beginning of the second "encirclement and suppression", they wanted to "use the new force to frighten the bandits."Therefore, in addition to the original troops, Wang Jinyu's Fifth Route Army and Sun Lianzhong's 26th Route Army were added to join the battle. The "new force" is unwilling to produce force. Wang Jinyu pushed left and right to block, but did not move.It was not until Chiang Kai-shek promised to be the chairman of Jiangxi Province that he reluctantly led his northern subordinates to set off.It is said that there is harassment by the Communist army along the way, and it is very slow to stop and go. Sun Lianzhong's subordinates began to destroy the railways and vehicles going south.Half a year ago, the Ministry was fighting bloody battles with Jiang's army on the Central Plains battlefield. Now it has turned around and served as Jiang's cannon fodder. It is really difficult to change. When Chiang Kai-shek and He Yingqin used both soft and hard tactics to coax and coax Wang and Sun to the designated place, half a month had passed since the original scheduled start of the battle. Suppressing the Communists with a non-directed army was a secret plan to kill two birds with one stone.But sometimes the mind calculates too carefully, and instead shoots itself in the foot. The second "encirclement and suppression" campaign was another disastrous failure. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek thought it was due to the ineffective "encirclement and suppression" of the miscellaneous troops.So began to use its core force. From the beginning of the third "encirclement and suppression", Zhao Guantao's Sixth Division, Jiang Dingwen's Ninth Division, Wei Lihuang's Tenth Division, Luo Zhuoying's Eleventh Division, and Chen Cheng's Fourteenth Division were suppressed by Jiang Jun's descendants.The 100,000 people in these five divisions are the foundation of Chiang Kai-shek's Whampoa fortune, which shows his great determination. Such great determination still cannot be exchanged for success, and Chiang Kai-shek really realized the seriousness of the problem.In one night he can destroy the Communist organization in a city.Facing the armed separatist Red Army of Workers and Peasants, three times of "encirclement and suppression" did not harm Zhu and Mao. For the first time, he felt an inexplicable helplessness. Just after Mao Zedong told Lin Biao that "a single spark can start a prairie fire", Chiang Kai-shek, who drove the Communists from the cities to the countryside, also began to discover the problem of "a single spark can start a prairie fire". He said with great sadness: "Ruijin established the 'Soviet Provisional Central Government', and opened up Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Central Hubei, Western Hubei, and Southern Hubei to surround Wuhan. The scope of its disturbance spread throughout Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang. Seven provinces, Fujian, Hubei, Henan, and Anhui, with a total area of ​​more than 200,000 square kilometers, social turmoil, people panic, the fire of the prairie prairie, has the tendency to be out of control." Xiong Shihui, who replaced Lu Diping as the chairman of Jiangxi Province of the Kuomintang, also sent a secret message to Chiang Kai-shek on April 1, 1933: "Now the bandits are gaining momentum... small stocks are gradually spreading, and we can't stop watching them grow. Zixi and Lichuan are Jiangxi provinces. The important land between Fujian and Zhejiang was lost for several months and could not be regained, and it approached and harassed the people of Nancheng, Jinxi, and Chihua, like a fire." Although the Kuomintang members were reluctant, they had to face the situation of the Chinese revolution that could start a prairie fire. Therefore, in the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, all the troops of the whole country were poured out.In addition to the left-behind troops, all mobile troops were transferred from all over the country, and the direct line troops even came out in full force.Forts blocked, roads cut.Exploring the secret base far away, guarding the backup thinly.Consolidate layer by layer and advance steadily.If you insist, you will defend, and if you have a gap, you will attack. Seeing that they succeeded, they pressed the Red Army into a small area to encircle and annihilate them, and the Communists started the Long March again. A red iron stream meanders for 25,000 miles.Let it be chased and intercepted, and it will never die. Chiang Kai-shek encountered an unprecedented opponent. Although this opponent himself did not expect that there would be snow-capped mountains and grasslands, Luding Bridge, and Lazikou ahead, and a 25,000-mile long march would be needed. In all fairness, the failure of "encirclement and suppression" did not mean that Chiang Kai-shek's subordinates were incapable of fighting. There is no shortage of good fighters in the Kuomintang.Chiang Kai-shek has the famous "Eight King Kong": He Yingqin, Qian Dajun, Gu Zhutong, Liu Zhi, Chen Jicheng, Chen Cheng, Jiang Dingwen, Zhang Zhizhong. Everyone knows that the Red Army of Workers and Peasants led by the Communist Party of China is known as "Zhu Mao", but little is known that the Whampoa Party Army led by the Chinese Kuomintang was also called "Jiang He". He Yingqin, who was once tied with Chiang Kai-shek, was born in Nidang Village, Xingyi County, Guizhou. In 1906, the Army Primary School was established in Guizhou, and it was stipulated that each county should recommend one person. He Yingqin was 16 years old and was recommended as the first place in Xingyi County.After graduating from Lu Elementary School, he was recommended to Wuchang Army No. 3 Middle School. In the autumn of 1909, the Ministry of the Army selected 20 students from three army middle schools to study in Japan. He Yingkao was selected and entered Tokyo Zhenwu School. He Yingqin opened the way with excellent grades, but he didn't know that there was a classmate named Jiang Zhiqing in Zhenwu School who was two grades ahead of him, and the same was true. In 1906, Jiang Zhiqing applied for the National Army Crash School of the Ministry of Army (later Baoding Military Academy).At that time, there were more than a thousand applicants in Zhejiang Province, but only 60 people were recruited, of which 46 were recommended by the Military Academy, and there were only 14 free admission places.Jiang Zhiqing was selected by the admissions examination, and his score was within 14 out of 1,000. Jiang Zhiqing, the later Chiang Kai-shek, was named Jieshi. He Zaizhen Wu School didn't know Jiang Zhiqing.Jiang was influenced by the reality of "strong boats and sharp guns" and chose to study artillery; He Ze took the traditional creed of "fighting on foot to win" and chose to study walking.When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, the two returned to China. They both served under Chen Qimei, the governor of the Shanghai Army.At these two intersections of history, Jiang and He never met. The two met at the Whampoa Military Academy. The day when the Whampoa Military Academy was founded coincided with the time when He Yingqin fell into despair. After returning from Japan, He You returned to his hometown Guizhou to seek development.At the beginning, he was favored by Wang Wenhua, the commander-in-chief of the Guizhou Army, and later married the niece of Liu Xian, the governor of Guizhou.Both of the two powerful figures in Guizhou have a relationship with He. It can be said that they are proud of the spring breeze, the big trees are enjoying the shade, and the future is infinitely bright.At that time, there were three mixed brigades in the Qian army. He served as the commander of the fifth mixed brigade, and later served as the commander of the Guiyang garrison. But the good times didn't last long. In 1920, the political situation in Guizhou changed suddenly.Sun Jianfeng, head of the special task force of the Qianjun General Command, launched a coup. He was forced to resign from all his concurrent posts, and was squeezed out of Guizhou and rushed to Yunnan. In Kunming, he was assassinated again and was shot twice.One shot in the chest, one shot in the leg.Fortunately, the bullet in the chest did not penetrate, leaving a life behind.He Yingqin spent half a year in the French hospital in Kunming for these two shots from the Qian army.Since he was a child, he had determined to join the army and serve the country, but the first gunshot wound he experienced was a bullet from one of his own people, which shocked him greatly. It also completely shattered his dream of Guizhou career. After he was discharged from the hospital, he went to Shanghai and lived there for nearly two years.The travel expenses of less than 10,000 yuan are not enough to live in an apartment for a long time, so I have to plan for the future.He wanted to go to Guangzhou, but saw Chen Jiongming's rebellion and Sun Yat-sen's loss of power, and the future of the Guangdong Bureau was not good; he wanted to go to Beijing, but he had no chance to meet the powerful figures of the Beiyang faction.Anxiously, I learned that the Whampoa Military Academy was established, and Jiang was the principal.Although he did not have a close relationship with Jiang, he was familiar with Wang Bailing.So King Tuo introduced it to Jiang. Originally, the Whampoa party and army should be called "Jiang Wang" instead of "Jiang He". The relationship between Wang Boling and Chiang Kai-shek is extraordinary.The two were admitted as overseas students at the Baoding Military Academy at the same time, and went to Japan together, and they were classmates in the artillery department. In May 1916, Juzheng established the Northeast Army of the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Jiang was the chief of staff of the general headquarters, and Wang Boling was the chief of staff. Later, Jiang became the chief of staff of Sun Yat-sen's mansion, so he invited Wang to Guangzhou to serve as the mansion of the general. He was a high-ranking participant in the camp; later he established the Whampoa Military Academy Preparatory Committee and the Military Academy Entrance Examination Committee. Wang Boling's ranking was second only to Jiang.The military academy was officially opened, and he was immediately appointed as the director of the Major General's Professor Department. At that time, Jiang suffered from insufficient manpower, and was trying his best to recruit Japanese non-commissioned officers and classmates to help.After hearing Wang Boling's introduction, he summoned He Yingqin to Guangzhou as the chairman of the military academy preparatory committee. He was entrusted with important tasks after he arrived. Second to Wang Bailing's figure. History favors the prepared mind.He Yingqin, who had been shot twice, was fully prepared for the opportunity of history after a series of ups and downs. The reason why the Whampoa party and army failed to be called "Jiang Wang" and was called "Jiang He", the problem lies with Wang Bailing himself. Wang is Chiang Kai-shek's number one figure in the Whampoa Military Academy as his confidant.But he was not very interested in teaching, and he was not doing his job all day long. He went to Guangzhou to eat, drink, whore, gamble, smoke opium, and he couldn't find anything.He is completely unaware of what kind of historical juncture and what kind of favorable position he is in; and at this juncture and position, if he is a little more cautious, more dedicated, and can find something "every time something happens", how rich history will provide him. reward. The difference between He Yingqin and Wang Boling lies precisely in this.He has no bad habits, and takes the military academy as his home. He is diligent and conscientious.So Jiang put more trust in He Ri and began to entrust Wang Boling to handle the matters entrusted to him.Seeing that Jiang had such trust in him, he was very grateful, and led a group of military instructors such as Liu Zhi, Gu Zhutong, Qian Dajun, and Chen Jicheng to work better and better.Jiang was even more relieved to think that the chief instructor was not wrong, and the relationship between the two became closer. At the end of 1924, Huangpu formed a party and army. The first batch of graduates was organized into two teaching groups. Jiang appointed He as the head of the first group and Wang as the head of the second group. He Zhi began to surpass Wang in status. The key to Jiang's vision from Wang to He is through actual combat. In January 1925, Chen Jiongming divided his troops into three routes to attack Guangzhou, and the Grand Marshal's Mansion established the Allied Forces for the Eastern Expedition to meet the rebels in separate routes.He Yingqin led the first teaching regiment to advance along the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway and served as the main force to attack Tamsui City, and Wang Bailing led the second teaching regiment as a reserve team.This is the first time that the Whampoa Student Army has been put into actual combat since its establishment.In order to relieve the nervousness of the officers and soldiers, He Yingqin led his troops to conduct field exercises while marching. They only walked ten or twenty miles a day, and the troops thought it was a live-fire exercise.As a result, the first regiment to attack Tamsui City played bravely and relaxed.The attack was launched at dawn, broke into the city at noon, wiped out a brigade of the defenders, and surrendered more than a thousand guns. The first regiment won inside the city, but the second regiment was defeated outside the city.The second regiment led by Wang Boling failed to attack the city, but encountered the enemy who followed up with reinforcements.As soon as the battle started, Wang Bailing fled, and the second regiment immediately retreated.When He Yingqin learned that the battle outside the city was critical, he immediately ordered Liu Zhi, the commander of the second battalion of the regiment, to lead the whole battalion out of the city to counterattack.It was already dusk, and in the dimness, the enemy thought that the troops leaving the city were their own people who had escaped. It was only when they came up to them that they saw clearly that it was the Whampoa student army charging with sharp bayonets. They were caught off guard and retreated one after another. The first regiment completed the siege task and recovered the decline of the second regiment. He Yingqin won the first battle and became famous. The battle of Danshui made Chiang Kai-shek see that it was impossible to rely on Wang Boling to lead the army to fight.So Qian Dajun, the battalion commander of the teaching regiment, replaced Wang Bailing as the head of the second teaching regiment. He Yingqin completed the start of his career beautifully. But it was the Battle of Mianhu that really established He Yingqin's position in Chiang Kai-shek's mind. This campaign is the key to the life and death of the Huangpu Army.何应钦率领教导一团为决战主力，于3月12日在棉湖西北山地与陈炯明部林虎之主力相遇。战斗从拂晓直到下午4时。第二团由于行动迟缓，未能及时攻击敌人侧背，结果敌军全力对付第一团。第一团迎击十倍于己之敌，压力巨大。双方不顾一切，都将总预备队全部投入战场。至午后，何部官兵伤亡三分之一以上，整个战线开始动摇。一位营长见官兵伤亡将尽，失声痛哭。几股敌人冲到了指挥所附近。何应钦当年的司书回忆说：此次战役，存亡之机，间不容发！假如何先生，不决心牺牲自己，则阵线动摇，教导第一团，势必全被敌人消灭；敌人便乘势进攻我孤立无助的第二团，第二团亦被各个击破，无法幸存。于是黄埔训练数年的成绩，殆不免同归于尽，革命的前途，也就不可得而知了。 何也认识到不是鱼死就是网破，只有拼死一战。他一面严令部队不论伤亡多大，都须坚持，不容稍退；一面亲率卫士队机枪排反击突入的敌军。双方犬牙交错，险象横生，战况甚为惨烈。幸而钱大钧的第二团于下午5时绕过敌后，攻入敌司令部，直入夜幕，敌军终于渐渐不支而退。 当然，关键还是黄埔军能打，教导一团能打。作为预备队的粤军许济旅中午赶到，一个团拥上去，才不到半小时就被敌人打瘫了。教导一团却连打带顶带反击，任伤亡再大也坚如磐石。而黄埔学生军的英勇善战，从此威名远扬。 棉湖之役当天，蒋介石和苏联顾问加伦将军皆在何应钦的指挥所。蒋事后云：“棉湖一役，以教导第一团千余之众，御万余精干之敌，其危实甚。万一惨败，不只总理手创之党军尽歼，革命策源地亦不可复保。此战适当总理逝世之翌日，盖在天之灵有以默相其成也。” 此战若败，党军尽歼，那么也就绝对没有了后来的蒋介石。于是蒋将3月12日作为纪念他与何应钦同生死、共患难的纪念日。 党军的“蒋何”之称，由此役后广泛传开。 蒋介石最念何应钦的是棉湖之役，何应钦自己最得意的则是龙潭之役。 1927年8月蒋介石第一次下野，孙传芳率部反攻南京。当时南京只有警备师及第二十一师守卫，顶不住孙军攻势，3天下来溃兵便到了麒麟门。何应钦深知此战一败，不但江浙闽赣皖5省重归孙传芳，北方的阎锡山也不会加入北伐行列，甚至北伐军能否回广东重整旗鼓也大成问题；于是率不满300人的特务营亲临前线。溃败官兵见何应钦来了，大呼：“总指挥到了！怕什么？冲回去！”居然一举夺回东阳镇，稳定住已溃败之局面。这时恰逢白崇禧从上海筹款返回，因铁路破坏受阻于无锡车站，临时用车站的民用电话指挥沪杭一带部队反击，形成对孙传芳的前后夹击之势，孙部攻势大挫。 龙潭一役为北伐成败关键。此役全歼孙军50000人，缴枪40000支，何应钦获“捍卫党国”奖旗一面。 何应钦用兵谨慎细致，颇有眼光和头脑，在国民党新军阀混战中也表现不凡。令蒋颇为头痛的桂系第四集团军，几乎就崩溃在他手里。 1929年3月蒋桂战争爆发，何应钦任讨逆军总参谋长，帮助蒋介石运筹方略，一举打败桂系。同年11月，张发奎与桂军联合反蒋，何应钦又主持讨伐张桂联军。12月张桂联军刚被平定，驻郑州之唐生智与驻安徽之石友三又兴兵反蒋，何应钦再度走马武汉，主持讨唐一事。1930年1月唐通电下野，何应钦获一等宝鼎勋章。 1930年5月中原大战爆发后，蒋介石率全部主力北上与冯、阎作战，何应钦在武汉行营坐镇后方，指挥一堆杂牌军对付倾巢出动、骁勇善战的桂军。桂军占领长沙、直逼武汉时，形势一度非常紧张。他蹲在满铺军用地图的作战室地上用铅笔勾勾画画，冥思苦想，把个军用地图标得五颜六色，不向蒋要增援就拿出了解决办法。 他以夏斗寅部死守岳阳，将火车全数开往武汉，否则就地炸毁；又命溃败的何键部退入湘西而不退向武汉，既免武汉受溃兵之扰，又使桂军侧翼受到威胁，不敢长驱直入；最后以粤军精锐蒋光鼐、蔡廷锴两师，跟踪追击桂军后尾，以湘军李韫珩（李抱冰）部支援蒋、蔡两师，共同夹击桂军战略重地衡阳。 衡阳被占，李宗仁、白崇禧的桂军被迫掉头回击粤军。何键部乘势从湘西进袭长沙。东、北两路也有何应钦指挥的军队压向桂军。衡阳一役，桂军遭建军以来空前大败，只有少部分部队逃出何应钦布置的三面夹击，避免了全军覆灭。但也几乎因此丧失了老本，从此一蹶不振。 独自对付了桂军的何应钦，不但不要蒋介石增兵，还能抽出手来，调三个师到津浦线支援北线蒋军主力作战。 享有“干才”之誉的何应钦，当之无愧地坐在蒋介石“八大金刚”中的头一把交椅。 所以蒋介石调兵遣将开始“围剿”红军时，头一个想到的，便是何应钦。 就在蒋、冯、阎的中原大战尚未结束之时，蒋介石便从河南前线向南京发出密电，要求立即任命何应钦为“鄂、湘、赣三省剿匪总指挥”。 北伐与新军阀混战中无役不与、无往不胜的何应钦，三次指挥对红军的“围剿”作战，却三战败北。 何应钦在第二次“围剿”中担任总司令，亲自制定“稳扎稳打、步步为营”的战略方针，集中4个军、11个师共计20万兵力，组成一条800里长的弧形战线拉网推进，席卷红军。结果却被红军横扫700里，损失30000人，丢枪20000支。 第三次“围剿”他担任前敌总指挥，用“长驱直入”方针连连扑空，始终找不到红军主力所在，陷入盲人骑瞎马的苦境；不经意之中又被红军消灭17个团，俘虏20000余人。 第四次“围剿”何应钦任赣粤闽边区总司令，实际是“围剿”中央苏区的总指挥，却弄得三个主力师被歼，两个师长被俘，连蒋军精锐十一师也未逃脱覆灭命运，败得最惨。蒋介石因此雷霆震怒，撤前敌总指挥陈诚之职杀鸡儆猴，还叹曰：“唯此次挫败，惨凄异常，实有生以来唯一之隐痛。” 何应钦找了个借口回南京，再不参加这样的“围剿”。一想起与红军作战和蒋介石怒不可遏的训斥，“惨凄异常，实有生以来唯一之隐痛”的首先便是他。 虽同是蒋介石“八大金刚”，但刘峙与顾祝同最得何应钦信任，又被人称作何应钦的“哼哈二将”。 顾祝同与共产党有两笔账。 一是第五次“围剿”中任北路军总司令，直接指挥蒋军主力进攻中央苏区。先抢占黎川，切断中央苏区与闽浙赣苏区的联系；继在浒湾战斗使红三军团、红七军团严重受损；三在大雄关使红一军团、红九军团蒙受重大伤亡；四则强攻广昌、建宁、古龙冈；血战高虎脑、万年亭；最后再陷石城，迫使中央红军提前长征。 红军突围长征后，在后尾紧追不舍的薛岳、吴奇伟、周浑元部共9个师，皆为顾祝同的北路军部队。 二是抗日战争中发动皖南事变。蒋介石原以为需两至三个月、最少也需一个月才能吃掉项英、叶挺率领的9000余新四军精锐部队，结果实际战斗只用了7天。其中与项英、叶挺的先后指挥失误有关，也与顾祝同的精心谋划和指挥相联。 如果说顾祝同与共产党最少有两笔账，那么刘峙最少就有三笔。 第一笔是1926年中山舰事件，刘峙任党军第二师师长，蒋介石召集卫戍部队讲话，他紧跟着宣读要逮捕的共产党人名单，随即扣押了第二师和海军中所有党代表及共产党员。当晚，包惠僧质问刘峙为何如此，刘回答说：“我也不完全了解，我是以校长的意思为意思，校长命令我干什么，我就干什么。” 第二笔是1927年“四一二”反革命事变。事变前蒋介石问上海警备司令白崇禧需要多少部队，白答：“只要调出薛岳之第一师，留下刘峙之第二师及周凤歧之二十六军便够了。”蒋、白皆认为刘峙是反共最坚决的力量。第二师旋即进入上海，原第一师驻防的闸北兵工厂、吴淞口一带，均被第二师接防。 第三笔是1932年6月，对鄂豫皖根据地的第四次“围剿”，刘峙任中路军副司令官（司令官为蒋介石），指挥6个纵队和一个总预备队计16个师另2个旅，“纵深配备，并列推进，步步为营，边进边剿”，攻占鄂豫皖根据地的心脏新集和金家寨。蒋介石高兴异常，以刘峙的字改新集为“经扶县”，以刘峙麾下第六纵队司令卫立煌之名改金家寨为“立煌县”。 其实，攻占金家寨的原本应该是蒋介石的另一个金刚：陈继承。 陈继承长期为刘峙部下。1926年中山舰事件，他在刘峙的第二师任第四团团长，将该团官兵集中于北校场，党代表、政工人员和中共党团员一律被缴械拘禁。后来参加对鄂豫皖根据地第四次“围剿”，担任刘峙的中路军第二纵队指挥官，指挥四个师担任主攻。陈继承8月13日占黄安；9月上旬占新集，14日克商城，三处皆为鄂豫皖根据地的核心地带。唯有在金家寨遭到顽强阻击无法前进，让卫立煌抄小路立了头功，否则蒋介石就不会叫金家寨为“立煌县”而要叫“继承县”了。 因陈继承作战异常卖力，甚至不惜拼光，蒋介石调他参加对中央苏区的第五次“围剿”。陈继承率领第三纵队，1933年11月在阳新、紫金山一带布置伏击阵地，使红九军团第三师陷入伏击，部队损失达三分之二。1934年4月，蒋又令陈继承任湘鄂赣“剿匪”总指挥。陈到任后指挥部队包抄龙门山区的中共湘鄂赣省委，省委几次突围未成，机关和部队一千多人大部分牺牲。 红军长征突围后，蒋介石让陈继承当上了国民党中央执行委员。 攻下鄂豫皖苏区首府新集的是刘峙，攻下中央苏区首府瑞金的是蒋鼎文。 国民党军队战史评价蒋鼎文“勇敢善战”，属于能打敢拼的人。但首先发现他的不是蒋介石，而是苏联顾问加伦。一次黄埔军校学生野外演习，观操的加伦将军当场就战术上的几个动作，连续向担任连指挥的学生队区队长蒋鼎文发问，一旁的蒋介石都为他捏一把冷汗。但蒋鼎文应付自如，对答如流；加伦对蒋介石说了一句“这人可以重用”，从此奠定了蒋鼎文飞黄腾达的军事生涯。 苏联顾问首先发现了他，他对苏联顾问却并不客气手软。1926年中山舰事件发生，率第五团包围苏联顾问团和省港罢工委员会、强行收缴顾问团卫士和罢工委员会枪械的，就是这位加伦将军发现的蒋鼎文。 关系黄埔党军生死存亡的第一次东征棉湖之役，蒋鼎文接任教导团第一营营长，于棉湖西北山地向林虎部主力发起勇猛冲击时，胸部中弹，被送进医院抢救。蒋介石当即犒赏5000元，并在撰写黄埔一期同学录时，亲笔在前言提及“蒋营长鼎文等十余人尚在危病中，死生未卜”。 何应钦不信蒋鼎文如此奋勇，怀疑是怯敌背逃时为流弹所伤。派人验明，子弹是从左肋穿入。枪伤也不争气，侧面穿入的子弹，即可说明伤者在进，也可说明伤者在退。独蒋介石宁愿相信其忠勇，因此在医院伤期内，蒋鼎文就被升任教导第一团中校副团长，很快又调任第二师五团团长。 如此英勇的蒋鼎文，却在“围剿”红军中被打怕了。 1931年6月，蒋介石对中央苏区发动第三次“围剿”，蒋鼎文任第四军团总指挥，率第九、第五十二两师从南城地区进犯。蒋介石原想压迫红军于赣江东岸消灭之，7月底发现红军主力转移到兴国地区，便命蒋鼎文率部向兴国急进。红军以一部伪装主力向赣江方向佯动，主力却于8月4日晚，穿过蒋鼎文部和蔡廷锴部之间20公里的空隙，跳出合围。待蒋鼎文反过身来对君埠以东的红军集中地取大包围姿势，第九师二十七旅却在老营盘突遭红军奇袭。他急令二十六旅驰援，中间一道山又被红军占领，增援不及。激战数小时，二十七旅遭全歼，八十一团团长王铭被俘。第九师是蒋鼎文的基本部队，这一损失使其分外心痛。一波未平一波又起，9月15日第五十二师又在方石岭受红军袭击，全师倾覆，连师长韩德勤也被俘虏。幸亏韩德勤滑头，隐瞒了身份化装成伤兵，才侥幸逃回；蒋鼎文自己则在黄土坳陷入红军三面包围，幸逢蔡廷锴率军及时赶到，才得解围，惊魄稍定。 蒋鼎文指挥作战，在此之前一直是占便宜不少、吃亏不多。第一次参加“围剿”就差点儿当了俘虏，对他刺激很深。后来他虽然在进犯赣东北方志敏的红十军时频频得手，甚至还因向蒋介石提出“步步为营，步步推进”的战法受蒋夸奖，但心劲已大不如前了。他对红军作战有了戒心，常常托故避居上海。在私下里对好友说：“今后打算积资百万，在上海消磨20年岁月，就可结束此生。” 蒋鼎文想退，蒋介石却不让。第五次“围剿”中又被作为干将拉上第一线。让他干了两件自己也意想不到的事。 第一件想不到之事是平息“闽变”。1933年11月21日，陈铭枢、蔡廷锴等第十九路军将领在福州成立“人民政府”，通电倒蒋；蒋介石命蒋鼎文以左路军总指挥身份，入闽镇压。 蒋鼎文与陈、蔡二人都有不错的交情。“一·二八”淞沪抗战中，陈铭枢为京沪铁路方面的左翼军总指挥，蒋鼎文为沪淞铁路方面的右翼军总指挥，一起指挥部队对日军作战，配合得很好。蔡廷锴对蒋鼎文更有救命之恩，蒋鼎文自己也说，第三次“围剿”中在黄土坳若非蔡廷锴鼎力相救，他怕是早成了朱毛红军的阶下囚。 现在，蒋鼎文却率领15万大军入闽，对其并肩抗日的战友和救其于危难的同事作战了。 如果因私人感情对蒋介石的命令打了折扣，蒋鼎文也就不是蒋鼎文了。当年对苏联顾问就是如此，今天对陈铭枢、蔡廷锴也不会例外。其受命当天，他就在总指挥部对消灭第十九路军和推翻福建人民政府做出了部署。他最害怕红军支援十九路军。后来听说红军没有与蔡廷锴合作，便如释重负，大打出手。军事进攻的同时贿买十九路军六十一师师长毛维寿在泉州倒戈；收买地方武装及地痞流氓在十九路军后方捣乱，一口气把十九路军搞垮。 第二件想不到之事是攻占瑞金。 1934年2月“闽变”结束，蒋鼎文部改为东路军，从福建方向进攻中央苏区。 但出师不利。第一路陈明仁的八十师刚进入沙县，就遭到红军的围歼，官兵伤亡近半，辎重损失殆尽；第二路李玉