Chapter 21 Supplements

⊙In 1902, Yuan Shikai, governor of Zhili, imported the first car in China—the second-generation Mercedes-Benz car to celebrate the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi. ⊙Li Hongzhang wanted to build a Western medicine hospital in Tianjin, so he arranged a "surgery show".When a neck tumor larger than a fist was successfully removed by Dr. Ma, the officials and gentry were amazed.Under the active advocacy of Li Hongzhang, people from the society raised a total of 6,000 taels of silver, plus 4,000 taels donated by him personally, for a total of 10,000 taels of silver. On November 1, the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), the first modern Chinese A large-scale private western medicine hospital, later Madofu Memorial Hospital.

⊙ Zhang Jian commented on Yuan Shikai in 1910 and said: "Yuan Shikai is indeed capable of doing things. After all, he is different from others. He is especially good at industry, far better than Jiangsu." ⊙In 1949, Army General Lu Zhonglin stayed in the mainland, lived in Tianjin, and served as the director of the neighborhood committee.Army general Li Pinxian went to Taiwan, lived in Taipei, and served as the neighborhood chief (the most basic unit of the people). ⊙During the Battle of Wuhan in 1938, Xue Yue commanded the troops of the Ninth Theater to encircle the 106th Division of the Japanese Army in Wanjialing, De'an County.Zhang Lingfu, who was the head of the regiment at the time, took the initiative to invite Ying, and led the death squads to compete with the Japanese army for the commanding height of Zhanggushan. The two sides saw each other repeatedly and fought fiercely for five days and nights.After the Great Victory in De'an, Tian Han was appointed by Guo Moruo, Director of the Third Office of the Political Department of the Kuomintang Military Committee, to interview Zhang Lingfu and others, and wrote the drama "The Great Victory in De'an". world.

⊙Most dignitaries in the military and political circles of the Republic of China had their own private mansions, but Duan Qirui did not.Yuan Shikai once gave him a house in Fuxue Hutong, but there was no deed.After Yuan's death, the landlord took the deed to ask Prime Minister Duan to ask for a house, so Duan Qirui had to move. ⊙Li Yuanhong devoted himself to industry in his later years, and served as the chairman of Zhongxing Coal Mine, the general director of Huangpi Commercial Bank, and the director of Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company and other enterprises.There are 45 investment enterprises, including 17 banks, 12 factories, and 6 coal mines, with a total investment of 2 million yuan.

⊙ Duan Qirui lives very frugally.He likes to smoke and is very addicted to smoking. When playing chess or working, he never leaves his mouth.At first he smoked the Red Sling card, which cost 80 cents per can, but later the price increased to more than one yuan per can, so he switched to the Platinum Dragon card, which was sold at 4 cents per can. ⊙Yang Du was immersed in the secret realm of Zen in his later years, and wrote "Zen Master Hu's Essays on Buddhism", his words are neither out of the mundane world, nor romantic and absurd. ⊙After Sun Liren's "Ren'an Qiang Great Victory" in Burma, Chiang Kai-shek awarded Sun Liren the fourth-class Yunhui Medal, and Roosevelt awarded him the "Feng Gong" Medal.The King of England awarded him the "Imperial Commander" medal, and Sun Liren was also the first foreign general to receive such a medal.

⊙Zhu Qiqian's uncle is Qu Hongji, who was a bachelor, and his godfather is Xu Shichang, who was the president of the Republic of China.He once founded China's first park in the modern sense, Beiping Central Park, and China's first museum, the Forbidden City Museum of Antiquities.He was also the Chief of Communications, Chief of Internal Affairs, and Acting Prime Minister during the founding period of the Republic of China. ⊙During the Tongzhi period, the Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Bureau was the largest arsenal in East Asia. ⊙Yang Xiuqiong is from Dongguan, Guangdong. She won two freestyle championships at the age of 12. In 1933, at the Fifth National Games, she won all the gold medals in women's swimming in the National Games. Chiang Kai-shek's wife Song Meiling, who was watching, recognized her as her goddaughter on the spot. In the battle of Songhu in 1937, Yang Xiuqiong risked his life and swam across the river to send a blue sky and white sun flag to the "eight hundred heroes" who were sticking to the warehouse of the Four Lines, in order to encourage the "eight hundred heroes" to fight against the enemy bravely.The soldiers were quite touched by it, and they became more courageous in killing the enemy.

⊙Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard received an order from the United States between 1918 and 1919: to manufacture four 10,000-ton cargo ships of the same type, all of which were steam-type cargo ships with fully sheltered decks, named "Guanfu" and "Tianchao" respectively No., "Dongfang" and "Aurora".The ship is 135 meters long, 16.7 meters wide, 11.6 meters deep, and has a displacement of 14,750 tons.Among them, the first "Guanfu" was launched on June 3, 1920. The four ships passed the inspection and acceptance of the U.S. Department of Transportation.

⊙On April 9, 1941, the 25-day Battle of Shanggao ended.In this campaign, China killed and wounded more than 15,000 Japanese soldiers, shot down one plane, captured more than 100 people, captured 10 mountain guns and chasing guns, and more than 1,000 rifles.He Yingqin called this battle "the most exciting battle" since the Anti-Japanese War. The 74th Army with the most outstanding military exploits was praised as the "Anti-Japanese Iron Army" and awarded the Flying Tiger Banner. Army Commander Wang Yaowu was also awarded the highest medal. ⊙Wang Yaowu ruled the army with clear rewards and punishments, and never tolerated his subordinates who violated discipline.Liu Cao, who once served as the deputy director of the Deputy Chief of the 74th Army, said: "The officers and soldiers of the entire army dare not be sloppy when accepting tasks, and do not take chances, and work hard to complete them. Discipline is serious and serious, and they must abide by it and dare not violate it."

⊙The Battle of Xuefeng Mountain in western Hunan was Wang Yaowu's proud work. A total of 28,174 Japanese soldiers were injured and killed, 17 captured officers, 230 soldiers, 347 horses, 24 artillery pieces, 100 machine guns, more than 1,300 rifles, and more than 20 tons of trophies.Shortly after this battle, Wang Yaowu, who was only 40 years old, was elected as the executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. ⊙In 1922, when Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Jieru were honeymooning in Xikou, they received a telegram from Sun Yat-sen asking him to return to Guangzhou as soon as possible.Chen Jieru then went to Shanghai by boat with Chiang Kai-shek.In Shanghai, Chen Jieru met Jiang Jingguo for the first time.Therefore, Jiang Jingguo called Chen Jieru "Shanghai mother".

⊙Zhu Qiqian is the founder of the China Construction Society, which is also the first academic institution in my country to study ancient Chinese architecture.He once said modestly: "Qiqian is old. Even if he has a half-knowledge, if he is not despised by sages in the world, how can he shoulder this important task with the scenery of mulberry and locust tree. Be a pioneer, waiting for the sages of the world to hear the wind and raise their ears." ⊙Prince Qing Yikuang was the twelfth and last "Iron Hat King" in the Qing Dynasty. ⊙Ding Richang loves to collect classics. He was one of the three major bibliophiles in the Qing Dynasty. He compiled "Chijingzhai Bibliography".

⊙Hu Zongnan held several records among Huangpu students: the first to be a general, the first to be an army commander, the first to be the commander-in-chief of the group army, the first to be the commander of a theater, and the first to be promoted to general. ⊙On April 17, 1942, the 1st British Infantry Division and the 7th Armored Brigade were surrounded by the Japanese army in Renangqiang, Myanmar. They ran out of ammunition and food, and fell into a desperate situation.Sun Liren was ordered by Stilwell, Chief of Staff of the Chinese Theater and Deputy Commander of the Southeast Asian Allied Forces, to personally lead the 113th Regiment of the 38th Division, which was reorganized from the tax police, to rush to the rescue and conquer the Japanese positions.In this campaign, one brigade of the enemy was wiped out, the siege of 7,000 British troops was lifted, and more than 500 British officers, soldiers, missionaries and journalists captured by the Japanese army were rescued.This battle was the first victory of the Chinese Expeditionary Force after entering Burma. Sun Liren won more with less and caused a sensation all over the world.

⊙During the process of the Taiping Army entering Hunan from Guangxi, thousands of coal diggers joined the team. In view of the needs of combat, a separate camp was established.At first, there was only one commander in the camp, and there were one general, two generals, and four chief and deputy officers.After the capital was established in Tianjing, due to the outstanding military exploits and great role of the Tuying, it was later expanded into two armies, with more than 30 commanders and more than 600 generals.And improved the establishment from the general system, the supervising army, the military commander to the two Sima, which is basically the same as the land battalion.Its mission is to "specialize in the battle of caves and seldom make wars." ⊙There are four parks in the former site of Huangpu Military Academy: Zhongshan Park, Jieshi Park, Zhongkai Park, and Jishen Park.Sun Yat-sen was the founder of the Whampoa Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek was the first principal of the Whampoa Military Academy, Liao Zhongkai was the representative of the Kuomintang Party of the Whampoa Military Academy, and Li Jishen was the director of the coaching department of the Whampoa Military Academy. ⊙In the Republic of China, bras were called "prosthetic breasts". In 1914, an American woman, Caresee Crosby, used two handkerchiefs and a narrow ribbon to make the first pair of bras.After this object was introduced to China, it quickly became popular along with the voice of women's independence.Ruan Lingyu was the first to wear "prosthetic breasts" in China. Her breasts are round and perfectly combined with the curves of the cheongsam. She was praised as stunning at the time, and it still makes people's hearts flutter. ⊙The "Zhenyuan" battleship in the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1895 was known as "the largest ship in Asia", with a displacement of 7,670 tons. It was powered by two horizontal three-cylinder reciprocating steam engines and eight round coal-fired boilers, with a power of 7,200 horsepower and a speed of 15.4 knots, cruising capacity of 4,500 nautical miles/10 knots, and a maximum coal load of 1,000 tons. ⊙Zeng Guofan's Hunan Army Navy has about 5,000 people, divided into 10 battalions.In addition to 241 ships such as tugs, fast crabs, long dragons, and sampan boats, 120 fishing hook ships were rebuilt, more than 100 baggage ships were hired, and more than 570 artillery pieces were equipped. ⊙On April 27, 1927, Cai Yuanpei was appointed as a member of the Education Administrative Committee of the National Government. He imitated the French educational administration system, and proposed with Li Shizeng and others to organize the University of the Republic of China as the highest academic administrative institution. After the proposal was passed, Cai Yuanpei was appointed as the Graduate School Dean.After he took office, he proposed a new educational policy: "Education should be scientific, labor-oriented, and artistic." ⊙The "Beijing News" founded by Shao Piaoping is called "a newspaper that carries the glory and dreams of Chinese journalists" by later generations. "Beijing News" is a daily with four folios. Compared with other newspapers at the time, it has more news, more commentaries, and more supplements. ⊙At the initiative of the Shanghai Local Association, 1933 was designated as the "Year of Domestic Products", 1934 was designated as the "Year of Women's Domestic Products", and 1935 was designated as "Students' Year of Domestic Products". ⊙At the beginning of 1929, He Jian and Lu Diping, the warlords of the KMT's Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, jointly launched the third "suppression campaign" against Jinggangshan. On January 14, Mao Zedong led the main force of the Red Army down the mountain, intending to lure the enemy away from Jinggangshan.However, the Red Army was unfavorable in several battles in southern Jiangxi. It was not until February 11 that they annihilated the two regiments of Liu Shiyi of the Jiangxi Army in Dabaidi, breaking the crisis.This is also the beginning of the establishment of the Red Army base areas in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian.Later, Mao Zedong revisited Dabaidi and wrote the phrase "Bodhisattva Man·Dabaidi": "Red orange, yellow, green, blue, blue and purple, whoever holds the colorful practice dances in the sky. After the rain, the setting sun returned, and the Guanshan was bursting with green. Back then, the battle was fierce, and playing The village wall in front of the cave, decorated with this Guanshan, looks even better today." ⊙Before the Eastern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei formulated a "Remonstrance on the Dongjiang Reconquest": 1. The ultimate goal of soldiers is to die. The old saying "a good man dies at the head of the battle" is also what Confucius said "kill one's life and become a benevolent".2. The secret to victory: Strictly observe military discipline, obey orders, protect the people, and unite as one.3. The slogan of the Revolutionary Army: No money, no life, love the country, love the people. ⊙The Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau employed a large number of Chinese workers, including Manchus and Han Chinese, to learn and operate machines.At that time, the wages of workers were four to eight times that of ordinary urban coolies.These workers also became the earliest batch of skilled workers in modern China. ⊙Duanfang, governor of Hubei Province, established China’s first preschool education institution——Hubei Kindergarten in September 1902 in Wuchang’s ordinary elementary school, and hired three Japanese nannies including Tono Michie to manage it. Tomoe Nomi is the head of the school.Kindergartens enroll children aged five to six and last for one year.The collection time is three hours a day, and there are seven subjects including manners, lectures, kindergarten language, Japanese, hand skills, singing, and games.It also stipulates that all clothing, books, items, etc. are official equipment, but no meals are provided. All children in Hubei Province who meet the requirements for admission to kindergartens are exempted from tuition fees. ⊙Zeng Guofan asked the Hunan Army to practice five skills: 1. Practice vertical steps, that is, high jump and long jump.2. Practice throwing fireballs, throwing them 20 feet away.3. Practicing walking, walking hundreds of miles a day with a 20-jin sandbag tied to his leg, and he would be fired if he fell behind.Fourth, practice the formation to achieve "no chaos in the ranks".5. Practice raising the gun, aiming, shooting, calibrating, etc. ⊙After the Revolution of 1911, Lu Rongting was appointed Governor of Guangxi.In order to expand military pay, he set up "paying companies" in various places to take over the business of tobacco halls, casinos, and brothels, and set up tune classes to sing to attract customers.As a result, this kind of local opera, in which men and women sing duets and reflects the lives of ordinary people, began to enter the city and flourished unprecedentedly. There are more than 20 tune troupes in Guilin alone. ⊙In 1875, after Ding Richang was transferred to Fujian governor, he hired professional technicians from overseas and set up a telegraph school attached to Fujian Shipping School to train relevant technical personnel.This is the first school in China to train telegraph professionals, which has a great influence.Five years later, Sheng Xuanhuai established China's first formal telegraph school, Beiyang Telegraph School, in Tianjin. ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty, in order to expand the influence of public opinion, people often used the method of combining telegrams and newspapers. Whenever there was a major news event, they would send private telegrams or open telegrams, and then the newspapers would reprint them.This method can spread information across the country in a short period of time, and it has flourished for a while. ⊙ Zhengyangmen, commonly known as "Qianmen", was the main gate of the inner city during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is located in the middle of the capital, and because of its surrounding shops and narrow streets, traffic is blocked. In 1914, Zhu Qiqian, Minister of Internal Affairs, proposed to President Yuan Shikai the "Proposal to Amend the Three Gates of the Capital City Wall Project", which was approved. On June 16, 1915, the renovation project of Zhengyangmen Gate began, and Zhu Qiqian took the special silver pick issued by the President to dig down the first city brick.This pick weighs about 30 taels, and the mahogany handle is engraved with "Minister of Internal Affairs Zhu Qiqian was ordered by the President to modify Zhengyang Gate. On June 16, 1915, he used this tool to remove the first brick of the old city to facilitate traffic." ⊙In March 1912, Sun Yat-sen ordered the Ministry of the Interior to advise all provinces to ban footbinding. The order said: "When the old is removed and the new is introduced, such evil customs should be eradicated first, so as to strengthen the foundation of the country." In 1916, the Ministry of the Interior also Promulgated the "Ministry of Internal Affairs Consulting the Provinces to Prohibit Women's Footbinding": "Investigate women's footbinding, which is not found in the world. The bad habit has been passed on, and it has been criticized for a long time...Xi Feisheng is right, the whole country is in turmoil, slight independence is harmful to human nature, and it is open. A kind of weakness." ⊙In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), in order to deal with the water camp of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Zeng Guofan issued an order to the court and asked for a naval division.Subsequently, the imperial court allocated 80,000 taels. After more than five months of preparation, more than 240 large and small wooden boats were built, the Hunan Army Navy was established, and the Taiping Army began to fight. ⊙In 1877, under the command of Ding Richang, Taiwan set up two telegraph lines: one from Tainan Fucheng to Haikou, Anping Town; Three telegraph offices were established, located in Youyingpu, Anping Township, and Qihou, respectively.This is China's first self-designed, constructed and managed telegraph line. ⊙There are two sources of the army of the Republic of China: one is the rebel army who spontaneously rose up in various places during the Revolution of 1911, and the other is the officers trained by the military academy.At that time, the Beijing government of the Republic of China had many military academies. The famous ones were Army University, Baoding Military Academy, Army First Preparatory School, Army Second Preparatory School, Army Quartermaster School, Army Medical School, Ordnance Engineering Specialized School, Northeast Army Lecture Hall, Twelve schools including the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall, the Northwest Army Cadre School, and the Five-Province Allied Army Non-commissioned Officer School. ⊙In 1903, the Qing government improved the prison system and established the Jingshi Model Prison.After the founding of the Republic of China, prison improvements were continued and various "new prisons" were prepared to be built.The purpose of the new-style prison is to reform people, confine them in separate rooms, implement a system of hard labor, education, and education, and allow prisoners to practice art and labor, so that they can master some skills so that they can make a living after they are released from prison.By 1926, a total of 63 new prisons had been built across the country. ⊙In 1892, Wu Tingfang drafted the "Draft of the Criminal Law of the Great Qing Dynasty", which abolished torture such as Ling Chi, owl head, corpse killing, and tattooing, and was approved by review. ⊙In 1912, after Yuan Shikai became the President, Duan Qirui served as the Chief of the Army. In order to train officers at all levels, the Baoding Crash School and the Military Academy were merged into the Baoding Military Academy.From 1912 to 1923, a total of nine sessions were held, and 6,500 graduates successively graduated, who were scattered to various troops in various places, and gradually became the "Baoding Department".Chiang Kai-shek himself also studied at the Baoding Military Academy.Leaders and instructors at all levels of the Whampoa Military Academy are mostly from Baoding Military Academy, such as Gu Zhutong, Liu Zhi, Zhang Zhizhong, Chen Cheng, Fu Zuoyi, Bai Chongxi, etc.; ⊙Liang Qichao once mentioned "Li Hongzhang's offal" in his book "Travel Notes of the New World: From Canada to New York": "The offal shop began to appear after Li Hefei (Li Hongzhang) visited the United States. Previously, Westerners did not go to Chinatown. Hefei has been traveling for the last time, and the people who come here are like crucian carp...Hefei eats food in Meisi China, which belongs to the wine and restaurant in Chinatown, several times. When Westerners ask its name, the Chinese are difficult to answer. The common name is chop suey. Since then The chop suey is so famous that there are only three or four hundred chop suey restaurants in one corner of New York, all over the city.” ⊙The proposal to abolish the eight-legal system was Yuan Shikai, which has nothing to do with the reformists. ⊙In 1902, when Yuan Shikai served as Governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, he established the Patrol Headquarters and Branches in Baoding, the provincial capital of Zhili, and drafted the earliest "Police Regulations" in China. In 1905, the Qing court also established a police patrol system in Beijing and Tianjin.Four years later, every major city in the country has a police patrol. ⊙After the "July 7th Incident" in 1937, Wang Yaowu's 51st Division was transferred from Hanzhong to Shanghai to participate in the "August 13th" Anti-Japanese War.Its combat mission is: stick to the position centered on Luodian near Wusongkou, and prevent the Japanese army from landing from the sea.The Japanese army launched several fierce attacks on Luodian, all of which were repelled by officers and soldiers of the 51st Division.In several active night attacks, he also killed the captain of the Japanese Army Wing, Takeda, and the Artillery Wing, Mo Sen, and was praised by the headquarters.Several newspapers in Shanghai, such as Shenbao and Ta Kung Pao, reported on the achievements of the 51st Division and also published Wang Yaowu's photo. ⊙In September 1939, Wang Yaowu led the 74th Army to participate in the first battle of Changsha. He was ordered to intercept the Japanese army of two divisions attacking Changsha and fought fiercely in Gao'an, an important town in northern Jiangxi.Using anti-encirclement tactics, Wang Yaowu first cut off the enemy's retreat and took the 51st Division as the main attacking force. After three days of fierce fighting, he regained Gao'an City on September 22.This victory effectively cooperated with the main battlefield of the Changsha Battle and created conditions for winning the entire battle. ⊙At the beginning of the Republic of China, the Presidential Palace was located in Zhongnanhai. Zhu Qiqian rebuilt the lower floor of Baoyue Building on the south side of Zhongnanhai into "Xinhua Gate", and demolished the inner imperial city wall so that the gate directly leads to West Chang'an Street, and built it inside the gate A large screen wall was built, and a row of Western-style flower walls was built in the south of the road.Now Xinhua Gate has become a symbol of the Chinese government. ⊙When Yuan Shikai was the governor of Zhili, he founded no less than dozens of new-style schools. In addition to primary schools, middle schools, and universities, they also included specialized schools, technical schools, teacher training schools, medical schools, political schools, and military schools. ⊙In 1913, Sun Lutang participated in the "World Hercules Fighting Competition" and won the championship with a complete victory record, shocking the world. ⊙On April 17, 1942, the Ministry of Education of the Kuomintang awarded the annual academic award. Hua Luogeng's "Prime Number Theory" and Feng Youlan's "New Neo-Confucianism" won the first prize; Jin Yuelin's "On Tao" and Liu Kaiqu's sculpture won the second prize "Wild Rose" by Chen Quan, "Peking Man" by Cao Yu, and "Oil Painting" by Chang Shuhong won the third prize.After the Southern Anhui Incident, "Wild Rose" was strongly attacked and criticized by left-wing literati. Under pressure, the Kuomintang revoked the "reward" for "Wild Rose". ⊙In the 1904 World Expo, the horse brand cement produced by Qixin Cement Company exhibited in the Qing Dynasty won the gold medal of the World Expo. ⊙Zhang Lingfu is a talented student of Peking University, he can write well, and has a superb quality in military strategy.Based on his own combat experience, he wrote articles such as "Research on Encounter Warfare", "Research on Mountain Warfare", "Analysis of the Japanese Army's Combat Psychology", "How to Implement River Warfare with Inferior Equipment", "My Experience in Leading Troops" and other articles . ⊙Most of the generals in the Taiping Army were born reckless, did not know how to cherish antiques, and ruined most of the looted antiques. Only the female censor Fu Shanxiang liked ancient jade and Zhongdingyi ware and other antiques.In order to please her, Dong Wang Yang Xiuqing ordered his generals to pay attention to collecting these things for her, so some antiques were preserved. ⊙After Du Yuesheng became famous, he has been working hard to improve his own cultural accomplishment. There is a couplet hanging high in his foyer: "Friends of the world, read the books of the ancients." Use this time to spur yourself.He also spent a lot of money to hire story-telling artists to tell him "Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" for a long time, learning historical knowledge and the way of life of the ancients. ⊙After Zhou Fohai defected to Chiang Kai-shek, he wrote "The Theoretical System of the Three People's Principles", which became a bestseller at that time and made a profit of more than 100,000 yuan. ⊙Li Hongzhang once wrote a "Steam Power Operation Memorial": "Machine for turning wood, drilling holes, twisting screws, and casting bombs are all coiled in a steam furnace, filled with water and filled with burning charcoal. The copper throat reaches into the air cylinder, and an iron pillar is attached to the cylinder, which rises and falls with the air, and moves the iron wheel. The wheel is tied with a belt, tied around the axis, and connected to each other. , does not rely on human motion." It is a very good "science popularization" article. ⊙Zhang Zhizhong's family training: bite ginger and drink vinegar. ⊙In 1926, Wuhan invented the "one-hour strike", that is, the trade union announced the strike time, and when the hour came, the siren sounded, and everyone had to stop their work immediately and strike for one hour on the spot. ⊙In 1919, Xu Shuzheng served as the Northwest Frontier Envoy and Commander-in-Chief of the Northwest Frontier Defense Army. In October of the same year, Xu led his troops into Outer Mongolia, forcing Outer Mongolia to officially cancel its autonomy and return to China on November 17, 1919.In his telegram, Sun Yat-sen said that his achievements could be compared with those of Fu Jiezi and Ban Chao. ⊙Tan Yankai was the master of "Yan style" after Qian Feng in the Qing Dynasty, and he was the first of the four major calligraphers in the Republic of China. ⊙The number of chief and deputy officers and officers of the same rank, subordinate officials, and envoys in each army of the Taiping Army is very large.Officials include general system, army supervisor, army commander, division commander, brigade commander, pawn commander, and two Sima.Deputy officers include military commanders, division commanders, assistants to brigade commanders, deputy commanders, and deputy second commanders.The same rank as the official is the code officer, and the same rank as the supervisor of the army.The subordinate officials of the official officers in the army are generally called Wei, Si, and Shuli.Because of the different ranks of the officers they belong to, the titles given before their positions are also different.For example, the captain of the supervising army is called Jianwei, and the captain of the commander-in-chief is called Shiwei.The subordinate officials of the Dianguan in the army are not called lieutenants and waiters, but are called "poors", and their calligraphy is called Shushi. ⊙The prime minister of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is divided into six officials: heaven, earth, spring, summer, autumn and winter.Each official is divided into a principal, a principal, a deputy, and a deputy, with a total of twenty-four prime ministers.There are also differences in titles, such as the Tianguan and the prime minister, the winter official and the deputy prime minister. ⊙During the period of the Republic of China, Chen Xiaochu, a student of Fenshuichang No. 2 Primary School in Wanxian County, Sichuan Province, once wrote a diary entry: One night, people are quiet.Yu leaned on the window to read, and occasionally saw the moonlight shining in, just like Bai Lian, and suddenly felt the bright moon in his bosom, so he abandoned the book and stood up, wandering around the fence.See husband Jade Rabbit hanging in the air, bright and clean.Looking around, everything is lonely, and the breeze blows up at night, prompting Zhi Zhi to sing slightly, and enjoy it.There is a lonely Hong Hengling east of the mountain, spreading its wings like a wheel, wearing black and onyx clothes, and suddenly making a long cry, its sounds intersecting, sweeping the rest to the west. ⊙Zeng Guofan trained the Hunan Army to implement the "three-eighth exercise" system, that is, drills are held on the third and eighth of each month, six times a month. ⊙In order to meet the needs of international exchanges, Zeng Jize and his wife Liu composed a song "Putianle", which was used as the national anthem of the Qing Dynasty in diplomatic etiquette.Zeng later planned to play the "National Music Draft" to the court, intending to customize this song as the national anthem, but it was not approved. ⊙The ballad of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: "Nanqiao Nanqiao, two soldiers exchanged, captured foreign ghosts alive, and burned foreign guns as firewood." This is the scene after the Taiping Army captured the South Bridge in Shanghai. ⊙The song of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom sang: "Don't be afraid of Xiangrong's soldiers, the heavenly army will lead him to the foot of the mountain; it's like putting sweet potatoes into a fire stove, and they are cooked in one stove." This is after the Jintian Uprising in January 1851. It was made by Empress Xiang Rong, the admiral of the Qing Dynasty. ⊙During the period of the Republic of China, Lin Baishui was regarded as a leading figure in the Chinese press circle. At that time, "all newspapers were proud of publishing Baishui's articles". ⊙ There is a saying in the military circles of the Republic of China: the classroom in Baoding, the playground in Yunnan, and the battlefield in Huangpu.It is the place where the most conflicts among the students of the three schools are. ⊙ On September 20, 1912, Yuan Shikai promulgated the "Rectification of Ethics and Changing Orders", which said: "The founding of China is based on filial piety, loyalty, propriety, righteousness, integrity and shame as the great scriptures of humanity." ⊙Prince Gong and Xianfeng practiced martial arts when they were young, and they jointly created 28 spear techniques and 18 knife techniques, which delighted Emperor Daoguang Longyan. ⊙Wenxiu married Liu Zhendong in Beiping in the summer of 1947 after divorcing Puyi, and rented a house in Baimixie Street, Xicheng, Beiping and set up a new home. ⊙Du Yuesheng pays great attention to appearance and civilization. No matter how hot the weather is, he never unbuttons the top button of his long gown. ⊙In 1860, Zeng Guofan suggested to the Qing government to purchase foreign ship cannons, saying that "purchasing foreign ship cannons is the most important task of saving the world today" and "if you can buy foreign ship cannons, you will be able to suppress thieves effectively." ⊙Before the coup of 1898, Wang Xiaohang persuaded Guangxu to study abroad. ⊙The land battalion of the Taiping Army is the infantry, which is the main arm of the Taiping Army.When in Guangxi, Lu Ying was arranged in front, back, middle, left, and right directions plus two numbers, one and two.After arriving in Tianjing, it developed to the 95th Army, which was arranged in the order of front, back, left, right, and center and the number sequence from 1 to 19. From the first army in the front to the 19th army in the middle, a total of 95 armies were organized.The main tasks of the army are to attack and defend. ⊙ Among the three tycoons in Shanghai, there is a saying that "Huang Jinrong is greedy for money, Zhang Xiaolin is good at fighting, and Du Yuesheng is good at life". ⊙Duan Qirui not only lives a frugal life, but also often warns younger generations not to be extravagant and wasteful.His relatives and relatives were afraid to see him if they happened to wear fashionable or flamboyant clothes. ⊙In 1887, Hong Kong was preparing to build a Western Medicine College and invited Li Hongzhang to be an "honorary patron".Li Xinran accepted it and wrote back in person: "I think that medicine and chemistry are sister sciences, and should be given the same attention. Not only should you understand their combination, but you must also understand how to analyze it, because otherwise, you will not be able to play a role in diagnosis and treatment." The role of precision. The gain of perpetual attention to scientific principles for diagnosis can remedy the deficiencies in anatomical and chemical theory, and the ultimate result is to change the intelligence from darkness to light." ⊙Sun Wu was determined to overthrow the Qing court, and the business card he used was "Sun Wu shook the Qing Dynasty".During the Wuchang Uprising, he was elected as the chief of staff of the army. After the uprising, he served as the Minister of Military Affairs of the Hubei Military Government, and later served as a senior adviser to Yuan Shikai's Presidential Palace, and was awarded "General Yiwei".