Chapter 235 234. From Xu Pavilion to Jia Pavilion

Duan Qirui's interim executive government was declared a transitional organization when it was established, only to convene aftermath meetings and national assemblies.Therefore, the provisional government has no legal status, and it has reached the end of its life in terms of time.Therefore, the reorganization of the provisional government is already necessary before the balance of power between the Fengzhang and Feng factions is destroyed.When the "Feng Bian" happened, the political voice in Beijing changed from Zhang and Feng to Feng Yuxiang alone. On the one hand, Feng expressed his support for Duan, but on the other hand, he arrested Duan's think tanks Zeng Yujun and Yao Zhen.Duan Qirui's interim government has become more and more "unstoppable".On the other hand, since the current government must be reorganized, all parties have different opinions on the question of the successor government, and the dispute is difficult to resolve.At that time, the opinions of the parties were about:

1. Li Yuanhong's reinstatement will make up for his unfinished 83-day term. During these 83 days, he will prepare for the organization of the successor government—this is the view of the law-enforcement faction in the old Congress.Wuhan seems to be very interested in this.Because of Rao Hanxiang's relationship, Guo Songling may also be relatively in favor, but Feng Yuxiang is extremely opposed, and most of them cannot be realized. 2. Change to the committee system.It was the idea of ​​the Kuomintang and some people around Feng Yuxiang. The National Revolutionary Demonstration Movement at the end of November advocated the establishment of a National Government Committee. Later, because Feng envoys asked for opinions from the diplomatic corps, they said that if China implements the committee system, they would fly back to China , so give up.

3. Restoration of last year's Regent Cabinet.This theory has its origins with both Feng Yuxiang and Wuhan. However, what Feng advocated was to completely restore Huang Yu's regent cabinet last year, while Wuhan advocated that after Duan stepped down, Yan Huiqing would form a cabinet as regent. Fourth, maintain Duan Qirui as an individual, and add a responsible cabinet under the current interim government.Because Feng Yuxiang didn't want to suddenly go to Duan to become a political leader, he took a step back and only went to the Anfu faction around the Duan family to get close to the Anfu faction of the Feng family. right.Xu Shiying's cabinet formation campaign is a remarkable proof.

When Duan Qirui's provisional administration was in turmoil, he accelerated the revision of the provisional government system, added the State Council, and restored the appointment of the Prime Minister.The reason why Duan came here was to give himself a step back, because once he planned to retire, there must be a regent cabinet as a transition. On December 26, 2014, Duan ordered to amend the provisional government system and add the State Council. The order said: "Last year, the interim government was established. I was in power because I couldn't bear it, and I was in a situation where I couldn't do it. I encouraged everyone to discuss it and served as the maintenance. I hope that the idea of ​​conscience is a thorough reform. I stated the outline in the Malaysian Electrician and went back to the aftermath meeting. , Inquiry and seek the same. Since the concern with the people of the country starts from the front, and the party will be responsible for the future, it will be paid back in one year. The administration of people is not in line with the original intention. Peaceful reunification will eventually be difficult to achieve. Hesitating in the middle of the night. Revise the provisional government system and add a State Council to make it a special task. Afterwards, all facilities, as well as reform and construction policies, will be reviewed by the State Council to consider the trend of the whole country, and the general will of the people will be quickly discussed and jointly implemented. But The country has the right to ask for help, and the republic will last forever. This ruling will never hold prejudices.

Article 1 The Provisional Government of the Republic of China shall take charge of government affairs as a provisional administration, issue orders, and command the army and navy. Article 2 The provisional administration shall be the representative of the Republic of China to foreign countries. Article 3 The provisional government shall be assisted by the State Council to rule temporarily, determine the government, and handle state affairs. Article 4 All members listed on the left are state servants: 1. The Prime Minister. 2. Heads of ministries. Article 5 The State Affairs Conference shall be organized by state officials and chaired by the Prime Minister.

Article 6 The provisional government shall consist of the State Council and the ministries of foreign affairs, internal affairs, finance, army, navy, justice, education, agriculture and commerce, and transportation. The orders of the Provisional Government and all documents related to state affairs shall be counter-signed by the Prime Minister and the heads of ministries collectively or separately. Article 7 This system shall come into force on the date of promulgation, and shall be abolished when the official government is established. " On the same day, Duan Qirui ordered Xu Shiying to be the Prime Minister, Wang Zhengting to be the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yu Youren to be the Chief of the Interior, Chen Jintao to be the Chief of Finance, Jia Deyao to be the Chief of the Army, Du Xigui to be the Chief of the Navy, Kou Xia to be the Chief of Agriculture and Commerce, and Ma Junwu to be the The chief justice, Yi Peiji is the chief education officer, and Gong Xinzhan is the chief transport officer.

Duan Qirui announced that Xu Shiying formed a cabinet in order to save Duan himself from stepping down. However, after Xu Shiying became the prime minister, many cabinet members refused to take office, so the political situation is still confusing. On the evening of January 2, 2015, Xu Shiying hosted a banquet for the cabinet members at his residence. Yu Youren, the Chief of Internal Affairs, resolutely resigned. Unexpectedly, Ma Junwu, the Chief of Justice, announced his inauguration. On the evening of the 5th, Xu Shiying had a meeting with Duan Liangjun, Zhang Shuyuan and others to discuss Duan Qirui's resignation. On the evening of the 6th, Duan Qirui convened a meeting in his official residence to discuss the next step. Xu Shiying said that Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Zhengting and Minister of Education Yi Peiji said that they would not take office unless they saw Duan Qirui's telegram to sign the resignation.Duan was very angry when he heard this, so he said to Xu: "Bring me the Shimono telegram."In fact, he didn't read it at all, and signed the word "read" on the manuscript he took from Xu's hand, indicating that it had been approved.This leads to Shimono Electric Cloud:

"Qi Ruimian has been in power for a year, and things have gone against our wishes, exhausted physically and mentally. Every time I think about the devastation of the four fields, the sadness of the five middle schools will increase. As the times become unpredictable and the aftermath is difficult, we should respect the repeated declarations and return my original Obedience. The State Council is responsible for the implementation of the power, and it will not be taken seriously from the 16th. I hope that the governors of the provinces will have compassion and the precepts of good soldiers. No matter how difficult it is, the country can prosper, and success does not require self-reliance.”

On the 7th, except for Foreign Minister Wang Zhengting and Internal Minister Yu Youren, all Xu Ge took office.Xu Ge Nai held the first cabinet meeting. Finance Minister Chen Jintao, Land Minister Jia Deyao, Sea Chief Du Xigui, Secretary Ma Junwu, Farm Chief Kou Xia, Dean Yi Peiji, and Communications Chief Gong Xinzhan all attended. That night, Duan Qirui's cronies Wang Yitang, Chen Huan, Tang Yi, and Gong Xinzhan believed that Feng Yuxiang had already stepped down, and Zhang Zuolin also rumored that he intended to step down. And, there is no need for Duan Zi to step down.Therefore, the Shimono telegram written by Duan has been handed over to the Telegraph Office for dispatch, and it was recovered temporarily.However, although the telegram has been recovered, all the newspapers disclosed the telegram on the 8th, which made Duan very unhappy.

Xu Shiying learned that Duan Qirui had changed his mind, so he rushed to the executive government to persuade Duan Zhan to send a telegram so as not to cause a riot in the cabinet. Tang Yi pointed at Xu Shiying and scolded: "Why did you force the ruling to step down?" Xu was speechless. At 4:00 p.m. on the 8th, the executive government held a special meeting. Xu Nai claimed to resign, walked away, and moved to a German hospital at night.After he arrived at the German hospital, Lu Zhonglin sent someone to the hospital to pick up Xu, and Duan's friends said that the telegrams could be sent, but they didn't mention the next thing, so Tang Yi revised the previous telegrams, starting from the middle section. for:

"Times are changing, and the aftermath is difficult. The former revises the interim government system, adds a central government, and seeks to make public affairs public. It will make up for what was lost in the past, but it is expected to benefit the country. It is better to have intentions. It is hoped that everyone will make suggestions and quickly establish the country. Yes, release the heavy burden immediately, and fulfill the foreword." Duan's left and right asked Gong Xinzhan to go to Xu Shiying and persuade him to still attend the cabinet meeting.Therefore, Xu still attended the cabinet meeting on the 9th, proposed a telegram to revise the paragraph, and issued a resolution according to the revised telegram.So the representatives of the 16 provinces and districts, led by Liu Ruxian, sent a telegram, which briefly stated: the ruling means stepping down, and the original plan is to ignore the matter from the 16th.If you get rid of it suddenly and cause an incident, the blame is still hard to escape. I encourage the military and civilian chiefs of the provinces and regions to quickly find ways to relieve their burdens. When Duan Qirui was planning to step down, who was Duan Ji was a big question. At this time, Wu Peifu sent a telegram advocating to restrain the army and respect the law.Wu's power-up seemed to be a political measuring balloon, intended to change the banner of "seeking thieves" into a sign of "respect for the legal system."As far as Wu himself is concerned, he has always disapproved of Cao Kun's reckless ascension to the presidency. The bribery incident made Wu the most distressed. However, Wu is a soldier with old morals, so he cannot clearly object.Today, if he makes a comeback, if he embraces Cao first, he will definitely not get the support of all parties, so Wu does not talk about Cao Kun's reinstatement, but about respecting the legal system. In the chaotic situation at that time, respect for the rule of law was the most brilliant call, so after Wu's "Shi Dian" was published, replies from all parties came one after another, and Wu's status was greatly enhanced, at least his right to speak politically was greatly improved. So the theory of restoring the cabinet, acknowledging Cao Kun's resignation, restoring the National Assembly, amending the constitution, and organizing a legal government all became popular for a while, which was secretly in line with Wu Peifu's proposition.For a while, the attention of all parties focused on Wuhan and the members of Congress who stayed in Han. Members of Congress in Hankou took this opportunity to issue a declaration, advocating four points for the current situation: (1) Restoring the 13-year Regency Cabinet. (2) Restore the old Congress and re-elect the President. (3) Re-election of the House of Representatives. (4) Amending the Constitution. All parties have expressed their opinions on this issue, but each has its own views.Zhang Shao once sent a telegram to respect the rule of law in Tianjin; Tang Shaoyi also sent a telegram to advocate the restoration of the rule of law in Shanghai.Xiao Yaonan replied to Sun Yue and Sun Chuanfang's telegram that the military strategy requires the establishment of a constitution, and there are eight reasons for the urgent need for a constitution.This proposition is constitution-making, which is quite different from protecting the constitution.Zhang Binglin expressed his opposition to the protection of the constitution and advocated the protection of the law. Li Yuanhong was restored and re-elected to the House of Representatives. Based on the situation at that time, the theory of restoring the legal system has a slight advantage, but there are two schools: (1) Constitutionalists: Recognize the constitution of Cao Kun's era, restore the old parliament, allow Cao Kun to resign, elect another president, restore the regency cabinet, and Yan Huiqing or Huang Yu will be in charge. (2) Law-protecting faction: Restore the constitution and the old parliament, and Li Yuanhong will fill out his term of office. In Feng's national army, opinions were also divided on this: The National First Army advocated that Duan Qirui and Xu Shiying should temporarily maintain the status quo. The Nationalist Second Army advocated that Duan Qirui should step down from the field. Regarding the aftermath of the current situation, he advocated the convening of a national meeting to resolve the state affairs in accordance with the Sun Yat-sen Declaration. On the Shanghai side, representatives from various provinces gathered to discuss, some advocated supporting Li Yuanhong, and some advocated supporting Tang Shaoyi. Wuhan became the center of discussion on state affairs. Zhang Zuolin sent Zhang Jinghui to Han to discuss with Wu. Wu sent counselor Ge Yinglong to Nanjing to meet Sun Chuanfang, and Sun sent Yang Wenkai to Wuhan. The political situation is chaotic and inconsistent, and the financial aspect is even worse.Xu Shiying's government was not completed, and after the formation of the government, he was devastated by finances. Regardless of whether it is protecting the law or protecting the constitution, although politicians are arguing fiercely, the problem lies in strength. Without strength, everything is high-profile. Even Duan Qirui, who sits high in Beijing's ruling government, his fate is also determined by how powerful people treat him support.The sad thing about Duan is that he has become a powerless person. The Anfu Department is notorious and attracts everyone's attention. Naturally, it cannot be revived. Xu Shuzheng was killed in the corridor again. Duan's own strength is completely out of the question now. .It is precisely because the heroes are competing for the throne and don't pay attention to Duan at all, so there are calls for the rule of law and the expansion of the constitution. At this time, Zhang Shaozeng in Tianjin was the most active.Zhang Zhai was gathered in Tianjin. Sun Hongyi, Gu Zhongxiu, Wang Jiaxiang, etc. all advocated the restoration of the legal system, and the members in Tianjin signed it first, and then sent people to Beijing to harass the members of various factions to join, pushing Zhang Shaozeng to visit Li Yuanhong to express his support.Zhang said that he has obtained the consent of the powerful factions of all parties.The National Army told Zhang: If Li Yuanhong does not enter Beijing to take control of the real power, we can discuss it.Zhang Shao once cared for Feng Yuxiang, so there was room for Zhang and Feng to talk.And Zhang You and Wu Peifu are in-laws, and it is said that Wu also had a call to ask Zhang out of the mountain, so the voice of Zhang Zuoge was extremely high. Li Yuanhong also hosted a banquet for councilors at his private residence in Tianjin. The front of Li's residence had been neglected for a long time, but now it is becoming lively again. Li and Zhang met, but no specific decision was reached, but Zhang Shaozeng had already taken action, designated a place, and entertained Tianjin councilors. After the meeting in Tianjin, he planned to issue a telegram to urge Duan to step down, and asked Li to return to office and restore Zhang Shaozeng's cabinet.If Li refuses to be restored, Zhang will be regent, the Congress will be moved to Beijing, the constitution will be amended, and the president will be elected.Since Sun Yue, the direct governor, held a meeting to ban the Jin faction members, Zhang's cabinet formation was not smooth. Tianjin is in full swing, while Beijing is unable to stop.Xu Shiying was originally a transitional cabinet. Some people say that his cabinet is a new year (lunar year) cabinet because it is just about how to spend the new year.At that time, what Xu Shiying was running on was to issue treasury bills, and decided to issue 6 million yuan first, and then issue 2 million yuan after the new year.The discount of the bond is 82, the interest is deducted for two years, and the actual income is 66.In fact, before the Chinese New Year, treasury bills were only sold for 5 million, and the face value was 3.3 million, and the other 3 million was provided by the Sino-French Savings Association at a 40% discount, and the pledge was 1.2 million.Xu Shiying disappeared in Dongjiaomin Lane around February 10, 2015. On the 16th, he submitted his resignation. Duan Qirui ordered a six-day leave. The directors of the departments have resigned one after another, financial difficulties, and the people in charge have all quit their jobs and left. The government has been in a vacuum.On February 16, Jia Deyao resigned from his post and took up various positions. Xu Shiying submitted his second resignation letter on the 18th. The National Department urged Jia Deyao to act as Ge Kui. Fu) Shi Xiao (Yaonan died of illness), investigated and prosecuted Lu Zhang, appointed the governor of Hubei, the governor of Hubei, the governor of Lu, the governor of Lu and other orders.These are, of course, the claims of the National Army. On the 21st, Duan Qirui refused to issue an order regarding Lu Du and the provincial governor's transfer. Jia Deyao was questioned by the Nationalist Army and could not answer, so he resigned on the evening of the 22nd. At the same time, Xu Shiying was ordered to stay, but Xu resigned twice on the 23rd and 28th. On March 3, 2015, Xu Shiying's cabinet proposed the general resignation. Duan Qirui held a state affairs meeting in the executive government and decided: (1) to allow Shiying's cabinet general to resign, and (2) to appoint Jia Deyao as the acting prime minister and chief of the army. After Jia Deyao was ordered, he started to arrange the cabinet formation. On the afternoon of the 4th, he decided on the list of all cabinet members: Jia Deyao Gan Huiqing Qu Yingguang Stephen Henderson Chief of the Army Jia Deyao (concurrently) Du Xigui Minister of Agriculture and Commerce Yang Wenkai Attorney General Lu Xin Ma Junwu Gong Xinzhan Secretary-General of the State Council Deng Hanxiang On March 5, Jia Deyao invited cabinet members to dinner at his private residence to discuss political opinions. Minister of Finance, Minister of Internal Affairs, and Minister of Communications all took office on the 6th. Foreign Minister Yan Huiqing was not allowed to take office. Minister of Agriculture and Commerce Yang Wenkai was Sun Chuanfang's chief counselor and was unwilling to take office. Director of Education Ma Junwu was quite negative because of lack of education funds.Justice General Roshin took office on the 9th. Yan Huiqing wrote a letter to Duan Qirui on the 8th, saying that wars continue and affect diplomatic relations. No matter who is in the diplomatic post, there is no difference. Moreover, the tariff conference is negotiating tax rates with various countries and sorting out foreign debts. There are many disputes and it is not easy to settle. Fortunately, he is not the foreign minister , there is still room for maneuver, if it is possible to do both, it may be more difficult, please allow me to resign and so on. On the 9th, the cabinet approved the resignation of Foreign Minister Yan Huiqing, and temporarily replaced Deputy Minister Zeng Zongjian as the Ministry.The head of the farm will not send a deputy to the Ministry for the time being.