Chapter 177 176. Sun Yat-sen took office as very large president

The distance between the warlords and the revolutionary cause is huge. This can be proved by Chen Jiongming. Chen Jiongming's basic force is the Cantonese Army. The foundation can also be said to have been created by Sun himself. Sun naturally believed that this was the basic force of the revolution. What's more, when the Guangdong army was trapped on the border between Guangdong and Fujian, it was Sun who repeatedly urged Chen Jiongming to return to Guangdong to drive out the Guangxi faction.However, after Chen Jiongming returned to Guangdong, he forgot everything in the past. He only knew that the Cantonese Army was his own force, and Guangdong was his personal territory. For Sun He's military government, he thought it was a thorn in his back and a thorn in his side. He and the military government put it in the eyes, and also feel that it is a great burden.

Sun Yat-sen believed that it was wrong for Chen Jiongming to treat the Cantonese Army as a private military force and Guangdong as private property. The Cantonese Army should be a revolutionary army and Guangdong should be a revolutionary base. Northern Expedition. Since Sun Yat-sen and Chen Jiongming's views and practices were so different, it affected the faction that there was a revolutionary faction within the Guangdong Army, and Chen Jiongming's non-revolutionary faction.The Guangdong Army consisted of two armies. Chen Jiongming served as the commander-in-chief of Guangdong concurrently as the first army commander, and Xu Chongzhi as the second army commander.After the reorganization of the military government, Sun appointed Xu Chongzhi as the commander of the First National Defense Army and Huang Dawei as the commander of the Second National Defense Army.As for the First Army of the Cantonese Army under the command of Chen Jiongming, it originally governed Deng Keng, the commander of the First Division, and Hong Zhaolin, the commander of the Second Division. Chen Jiongming also recruited Wei Bangping, a local soldier, as the commander of the Third Division.These three divisions were entirely Chen's personal force. Chen Jiongming was also the chief of the army at the time, but he never attended government affairs meetings. He only issued orders in the name of the commander-in-chief and governor of Guangdong, and ignored the military government at all.

In order to expand the revolutionary force, Sun Yat-sen set up many recruiting agencies in various parts of Guangdong, and these agencies were often disbanded by Chen Jiongming's troops.In order to reduce Chen Jiongming's real power, Sun designated Guangzhou as a special city and appointed Sun Ke as the special mayor of Guangzhou, who was not under the jurisdiction of the governor. During this period, Sun Yat-sen’s situation was still very difficult. In the past Civil War, the diplomatic corps of the foreign powers stationed in China had reached an agreement with the northern and southern governments of China, proposing that 13% of the balance of tariffs should be handed over to the military government. After Sun took over the military government, The diplomatic corps stopped the funding on the pretext that the power of the military government only extends to Guangdong Province and cannot represent the Southwest.

Wu Tingfang, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the military junta, protested to the consular corps stationed in Guangdong several times. The last time, he claimed that if the agreement was not fulfilled, the military junta would take over the customs as retaliation. In Beijing, because Xu Shichang is the president, the Beijing government is more famous than the Guangzhou government in the international arena. Therefore, Sun Yat-sen couldn't bear it, and believed that the south must also establish a government that is justified. After the Guangdong army returned to Guangdong, Jiang Zhongzheng felt that it was difficult to get along with Chen Jiongming, so he quietly returned to Yong. In January of 2010, Dai Chuanxian urged that Jiang's tenure was difficult and he should not go far away.Jiang Sui set off on January 27, passing Shanghai to Guangzhou. Arrived in Guangzhou on February 6.After meeting with Sun Yat-sen, Sun discussed the plan of the Northern Expedition with Chiang, and asked him to work out the plan with Chen Jiongming, Commander-in-Chief of the Cantonese Army, Xu Chongzhi, Commander of the Army, and Deng Keng, Commander of the Division.Jiang believed that the Guangxi issue must be resolved before the Northern Expedition, so he drafted a plan to aid Guangxi, using Xu Chongzhi's troops, and detailed plans for advancing and attacking targets.

When discussing military operations, the Cantonese army, especially Chen Jiongming, had their own plans and selfish intentions. Jiang and Deng Keng had a good personal relationship, but he found Deng Keng's attitude negative. Whenever Deng Keng was at the meeting table, Deng was Chen's direct subordinate, so He avoids everywhere, while Chen Jiongming fights for land, power, and power. He only enjoys rights and refuses to fulfill his obligations.Discussing the Northern Expedition with Chen Jiongming is simply seeking skin from a tiger.Jiang Zaisui participated in the three-day meeting, but the result was nothing. There were many opinions at the meeting, and each had his own opinion and insisted on his own opinion. There was no coordination at all.

On February 4th, Jiang resolutely left Guangzhou and arrived in Hong Kong to write a letter to Deng Keng, which said: "...Today's situation is a time for Brother Zhi to work hard, not a day to avoid suspicion and take refuge....The Cantonese Army is in a conservative position today. If it does not actively carry out in order to seek development, after March and February, the general situation will change, and it will be inevitable. I regret that today's preparations were not early, and the delay was a mistake. At present, the only policy of the Cantonese Army is to quickly aid Guangxi and expand outward, so that the internal unity can be strengthened, and the foundation of Guangdong can be consolidated. One day of radicalization, that is, One day's gain, one day's delay will increase one day's loss. If you can start quickly, even if you spend tens of millions of gold, it is not a pity! , and how close is it?”

Warlords only care about short-term gains and the present. Chen Jiongming's role in the Guangdong Army is a clear example.The Cantonese army used to guard the border between Guangdong and Fujian. He didn't expect to return to Guangzhou. After returning to Guangzhou, everything was very comfortable, and he didn't want to act rashly.Therefore, whether it is a aid to Guizhou or the Northern Expedition, Chen Mingjiong would not listen to it. He would not be willing to send troops, help salaries, or deploy weapons.In fact, if Chen Jiongming was willing to obey Sun Yat-sen, making the Cantonese Army the basic force of the revolution, and then further integrating the Hunan Army, the Yunnan Army, the Sichuan Army, the Guizhou Army, and the Guangxi Army in one furnace, the unified situation of the Northern Expedition would have appeared as early as the Republic of China 10 years ago. The history of China will also change completely.It's a pity that Chen Jiongming didn't count on this.

When Sun Yat-sen took over the military government in Guangzhou, he ordered the arrest of Cen Chunxuan, Lu Rongting, Mo Rongxin, Yang Yongtai, Li Genyuan and many generals of the Guangxi faction, and planned to take advantage of the victory to attack Guangxi in order to eliminate the remaining forces of the Guangxi faction and unify Guangdong and Guangxi And then united with the Southwest.However, Chen Jiongming's support is bound to be obtained for the use of troops in Guangxi, and Chen Jiongming is absolutely unwilling.Of course he didn't want to go out on his own and lead an army to attack Guangxi, because once he left Guangdong, he was afraid that Guangdong would be acquired by others, which would not be worth the loss.

Sun Yat-sen's second plan was to revise the government organization and formally elect the president, but this plan encountered resistance in the southwestern provinces, so Sun retreated to the next best thing, planning to add a title of "Generalissimo" to the name of the chairman and president, and lead the troops by himself Go to Guangxi.But Chen Jiongming didn't agree. He was afraid that if this happened, General Sun would take away part of the Cantonese army, and Guangdong would still have to pay for the military expenses, which would be harmful to Chen, so he also obstructed it.

For his own sake, Chen favored federal self-government, opposed the election of a president, and opposed war.His subordinates, Ye Ju, Hong Zhaolin, etc., joined forces with the members of the Zhu Fucheng faction, and even threatened them with news of the instability of the army.Their theory is that the southwestern provinces have set up the banner of self-government, and the word "protecting the law" is no longer enough to appeal to them. Moreover, there are only about 200 members of the old Congress in Guangdong, and they are far from the quorum for electing the president. It is better to consolidate the autonomy of Guangdong Province first. Then Xu Tu united with the Southwest to fight against the Zhili.

Chen Jiongming's selfish intention is only to separate Guangdong. On the surface, he pretends to protect the environment and the people, but in reality he is defending himself with neighboring provinces and enriching his private power. Sun Yat-sen once had a close talk with Chen Jiongming. He advised Chen to recognize the environment and take a long-term view. Using a person as a metaphor, if the heart, liver and five internal organs are festered, how can the limbs be intact?If a country is corrupt, how can a corner of Guangdong be preserved?As for protecting the environment, you need to rely on the army. If you raise troops to protect the environment, you will be financially poor and the people will be exhausted. Isn't the so-called resting the people empty talk?Ximin can't do it, let alone build it?Can't build, how can Guangdong make progress?If you can't make progress, you will be complacent.So today everyone should take a long view.Think big, if there is no skin, there will be no hair! Sun tried his best to persuade Chen Jiongming, but he said it sincerely, but Chen Jiongming ignored it and ignored it.As he said to Tang Jiyao: "Zhongshan is just a cannon".He has this kind of concept, even if Sun has golden and jade good words, he will not listen to them. Sun Yat-sen was very angry with Chen Jiongming's attitude of not cooperating and not obeying orders. He couldn't bear it, and planned to reduce his military power, or remove his part-time job as governor, so that he could no longer hold financial power (at that time, financial power was in the Department of Finance, under the jurisdiction of the governor, and the chief financial officer was have a job but not a right).Or remove his part-time job as chief of the army and replace him with Tang Jiyao, but Wang Zhaoming and others persuaded Sun Yat-sen to be cautious, fearing that he would not be able to step down and would tear his face apart. At the 10th New Year's Day celebration, Sun Yat-sen gave a lecture to his colleagues in the military government, saying that protecting the law could not solve the problem, and hoped that the National Assembly would organize a government in Guangdong, and make it clear to the international community that the Northern Expedition was necessary to unify China.Because the Beijing government is neither legal nor popular. After Sun's proposition came out, overseas Chinese, social leaders, and Kuomintang branches all sent telegrams, and Sun quickly elected the president.Chen Jiongming, on the other hand, banned any reports on the issue of favoring the election of the president. At this time, the Beijing government emphasized to the international community that there was no military government in the south and the whole country had been unified, so it negotiated a large loan from the four-nation bank group. Sun Yat-sen believed that the time was urgent, and that time should be seized to prevent the international community from further colluding with the Beijing government, which would make the revolutionary cause more difficult in the future. Therefore, he hosted a banquet for the members of Congress in Guangzhou on April 4, 2010, and formally requested the Congress to elect the president as soon as possible. , if Congress refuses to agree, he will walk away. On April 7th, the Extraordinary Session of Congress in Guangzhou was jointly held by the Senate and the House of Representatives. More than 220 members attended the meeting. It was presided over by the President of the Senate Lin Sen. First, Gao Zhengui’s motion to open an extraordinary session was passed. In the extraordinary session, Zhou Zhenlin was discussed. The proposed "Organizational Outline of the Government of the Republic of China".Then Ding Jian moved to continue the second reading meeting, which was passed in accordance with the original seven articles of the organizational outline. On April 10, the Guangzhou Extraordinary Congress elected the President according to Article 2 of the Outline. Except for one invalid vote and three votes for Chen Jiongming, Sun Yat-sen was elected the Extraordinary President with 218 votes.On the same day, the Extraordinary Congress announced to the whole country that Sun Yat-sen was elected as the Extraordinary President. The article said: "Diplomatic urgency, civil strife, the Beijing government has admitted that it is illegal and disqualified its puppet government. The Republic of China must establish a formal government both internally and externally. Today, an extraordinary meeting of the National Congress will be held in Guangzhou to decide on the organizational outline of the government of the Republic of China, and According to Article 2 of the Outline, the President is elected by the Extraordinary Session of the National Assembly, and the person who has passed half of the total number of votes is elected, Sun Wen was elected as the President of the Republic of China today, I hereby inform you.” When the Extraordinary Congress was preparing to elect the president, the generals of the Cantonese army held a secret meeting on April 4, planning to send a telegram to oppose the presidential election.On the one hand, Chen Jiongming avoided direct opposition, but on the other hand, he encouraged Hunan to formally oppose it. It happened that the commander-in-chief and governor of Hunan, Zhao Hengti, held different views on the election of an extraordinary president, so Hunan became the main force of opposition. On the 8th, the Hunan Educational Association, the Peasant Association, and the Trade Union jointly issued a telegram opposing the election of the president. On the 9th, Zhao Hengti stated in a Qingdian message to the Guangzhou Senate and House of Representatives that he would not recognize the illegally elected president. On the 10th, officers above the brigade commander of the Hunan Army headed by Zhao jointly made a speech to Sun Yat-sen, and the telegram said: "My father has devoted himself to the Republic of China, and his meritorious service is highly respected. In the future, a legal government will be established, and the head of state will be a seat, which will be respected by public opinion. I sincerely reject this illegal election. Don't take it lightly. To uphold the law and discipline, we will determine the hearts of the people." On May 5, 2010, Sun Yat-sen became the very president in Guangzhou, so the military government was abolished.Hundreds of thousands of Guangzhou citizens held a grand and warm celebration.At 8:00 a.m., Speaker of the National Assembly, Lin Sen, presented the election certificate to Sun at the Presidential Palace. At 9:30 a.m., the seal ceremony was held at the Congress Hall. Speaker Lin Sen served as the chairman. After Sun took the oath, the chairman gave Sun the presidential seal , and address the sun: "Changing the track, in order to seek the rule of law, to change the power, especially the urgent task. In view of the organization of the military government, the powers and responsibilities are not specific, and when things happen, they look forward to it. When the chaos is not settled, and the country's foundation is first shattered, it is a plan. Thoroughly reform and formulate the organizational outline of the Republic of China, elect the public as the president, give full power to fight against chaos and construction, unify the Republic of China early, and rebuild the republic; compromise diplomatic relations, and achieve the rule of law. Seek social happiness, Jin Yongping peace. The future of the Republic of China, Xu Gong It is Lai. It is public opinion, respects the rights of the people, and encourages the young people to live up to the great trust of the people. Si Zetong and others represent the Republic of China and are respectful and deeply respected. Since the beginning of my appointment, I sincerely wish to the Republic of China The seal and ribbon of the President is for the public to issue orders, and it is a symbol of trust, and the public encourages it!" When Sun Yat-sen took office as the very great president, he immediately issued an internal and external declaration: Internal declaration: "Wen has been entrusted by the National Congress, and has been elected as the President of the Republic of China. I will take office and express my feelings to the people of the country....Wen is a person who is committed to creating the Republic of China. The National Congress represents the public opinion. Governance is where the righteousness lies, so why dare to resign. Stealing dimensions and destroying construction is not a matter of priority. If the political system is bad, politics is useless. Centralized and autocratic, since the Qing Dynasty, it has been a poor government. Now it wants to solve the central and local permanent problems. Disputes can only be achieved by allowing the people of each province to complete self-government, formulate their own provincial constitution, choose their own governors, decentralize the central government to each province, and each province to distribute power to each county. The militarism will only cause suffering to our people. As for important economic undertakings, the central government will take the initiative to develop industries and protect civilians. As for diplomacy, the central government will be responsible. According to public opinion, the central government will maintain international equality and ensure permanent peace in the Far East.” External declaration: "Since the National Congress was illegally dissolved in June 1917, there has been no legal government in Beijing. The National Congress is the only legal representative body in all provinces and regions of the country. Because it organizes the government, the article is the President of the Republic of China. The article is the person who built the Republic of China. We cannot just sit back and watch the crisis of the Republic of China, cherish our own efforts, and do not lend a helping hand. Today, we are determined to do our utmost to serve our people loyally and serve our people. I am satisfied.... The first position of Wen is to unify the provinces and districts of the Republic of China. Under the management of progressive and enlightened governments, respect the legal rights of the big powers that have been legitimately obtained in accordance with treaties and established practices. The largest resources in the country will be fully developed, with an open-door policy, and foreign capital and technology are welcome.” The spirit of Sun Yat-sen's two declarations was made known to China and the world with four things: local self-government, peaceful reunification, opening up the door, and developing industries.As for "self-government", the county is the unit for exercising self-government, which is different from the "joint governance" approach. After Sun Yat-sen became president, he immediately issued a personnel order: Foreign Minister Wu Tingfang Wu Chaoshu Minister of Finance Tong Siu Yee Liao Zhongkai Chen Jiongming Minister of the Interior Chen Jiongming Secretary of the Navy Tang Tingguang Chief of Staff Li Liejun Secretary-General Ma Junwu Hu Hanmin Hu Hanmin He also appointed Juzheng as a councilor, and also took care of the affairs of the Kuomintang headquarters.The Presidential Palace is located on Guanyin Mountain, and the official residence is on the side of Guanyin Mountain. It is half a mile from the Presidential Palace at the foot of the mountain to the official residence. There are corridors built with twists and turns, and the engineering is exquisite. It was originally built by Long Jiguang in the late Qing Dynasty. It is a full-fledged Chinese-style garden. , the corridor is winding, and there is a small building at the end of the corridor, with exquisite corners, verdant trees and pleasant flowers and plants outside the building.Green and beautiful trees, quiet and beautiful.Climbing the small building, you can overlook the scenery of the Pearl River, and the red dust of the city can be seen in your eyes. This is the place where Sun Yat-sen and his wife lived. Although Sun Yat-sen was extremely dissatisfied with Chen Jiongming's style of work, he still assigned two important positions to Chen Jiongming when organizing the government, Minister of the Army and Minister of the Interior. Said: "One person holds four positions, which is really unprecedented in Chinese and foreign history." His so-called four positions are in addition to the land commander and interior minister, there are also the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army and the governor of the province. Tang Shaoyi also refused to "succumb" to the Minister of Finance, so Liao Zhongkai, the deputy minister of the Ministry of Finance, acted as the deputy. Sun decided to use foreign capital to establish the Guangdong Exchange and the National Savings Bank; he found out that the payment of 1 million yuan was the payment for dispatching troops to Guangxi; at the same time, he planned to cooperate with foreign businessmen and establish a shipping company with 30 million yuan. This was delayed because of Chen Jiongming's obstruction in the provincial government Not yet established. On May 8, Sun Yat-sen sent a letter to Xu Shichang asking him to step down from the field. The letter said: "With the talents of the king, standing in the dynasty of an autocratic monarch, and being a servant, you can't spread anything, let alone the importance of the Republic of China? Democracy in the world is not something you have ever heard of. Why does China implement democracy? Politics is beyond your understanding. If you take this important task rashly, and don't care about it, it will harm the country. How strange is it?... Today's matter, you should introspect yourself, the name is not right, you know it; You can't benefit the Republic of China, but do harm to it. This is also what you feel. Retire today to thank the people of the country, and the people of the country will understand your past, and a good king can correct your mistakes. Love you with virtue, so For this reason, if a husband does not give up on evil, he will not hesitate to sacrifice the life of the country for his own vanity, which is not what you expect from the king." After Sun Yat-sen took office as president, he did not strengthen his power. However, a new situation emerged in which the two presidents of the North and the South were opposed.