Chapter 155 154. The anti-Japanese patriotic movement spread all over the country

When the national anti-Japanese movement was raging violently, Shandong was in trouble again. On July 1, 8, the Japanese military police arrested Wang Zhiqian, a student of Qilu University, on Weiwu Road, Jinan.This is simply adding fuel to the flames. The already raging student movement has added new gunpowder.On the afternoon of the same day, more than a thousand students from Jinan gathered to petition the Shandong Provincial Governor's Office, demanding that the provincial government immediately make serious representations to the Japanese consul, release Wang Zhiqian immediately, and guarantee that similar incidents will not happen again in the future.Provincial governor Shen Mingchang immediately sent negotiator Tang Kesan to negotiate, and petitioned the students to stand outside the office and wait for the result.It wasn’t until it got dark for a long time that Tang Kesan ran back dejectedly and said: The Japanese consul not only refused to let him go, but also made a counter-demand, demanding compensation for the losses suffered by Japanese businessmen due to Shandong’s boycott of Japanese goods during this period, and at the same time promised not to boycott them in the future. Japanese goods, only to release Wang Zhiqian.

The news of Tang Kesan exploded like a bomb, arousing the indignation of all the Chinese people. He believed that this kind of hegemonic behavior of the Japanese would only make things worse. The students decided not to disband the petition team until the Japanese consul released Wang Zhiqian unconditionally.At this time, many patriotic citizens also came to participate, so the petition team suddenly increased to more than 5,000 people.Shen Mingchang sent Tang Kesan to negotiate again, and at the same time told the petitioners that he would rather sacrifice the position of governor than submit to the Japanese.Shen's speech won warm and prolonged applause from the crowd.

Tang Kesan went to the Japanese consulate again, and came back exhausted from 10:30 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. After negotiating all night, he finally brought a barely satisfactory news that the Japanese consul had transferred Wang Zhiqian to the police station.Shen Mingchang immediately asked the student representatives to go to the police station to pick up Wang Zhiqian. On July 7, Japanese expatriates in Jinan held a parade with lanterns to celebrate the success of the Paris Peace Treaty. This was an act of demonstration and provocation.In order to avoid disputes, Chinese stores closed early.Unexpectedly, when the night fell and the lights were first turned on, many Japanese ronin appeared and knocked on doors openly on the street, ordering them to open the market. One Taikang store was closed, but the ronin destroyed the whole store.

Most of the Japanese drank alcohol and ran rampant in the street with the feeling of alcohol. A group of Japanese chased an Englishman, and the Englishman fled to the tobacco company.At this time, the Japanese consul received a call and came by car, only to drink away a group of Japanese ronin.And apologize to British American Tobacco.The company made a request for damages to the Japanese pavilion, and the Japanese pavilion agreed without hesitation. Tang Kesan, a Shandong negotiator, also went to the Japanese consulate and demanded that the Japanese ronin destroy the Taikang store to be dealt with according to British American Tobacco's method.

Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, has become the world of Japanese mobs. Because of the backing of the Japanese consulate, these mobs dare to do whatever they want. There were Japanese police or ronin all over Shandong who violated Chinese people. On July 17, the Japanese police at Qingzhou Station went into the city to arrest Ma Zhonghuai, a student from No. 10 Middle School. He was released on July 28.In the villages along the Jiaoji Railway, Japanese military police often came to search. Many villagers were arrested in a daze, and the government did not dare to intervene. Therefore, the villagers planned to organize a "Lianzhuanghui" for self-defense.During this period, the Japanese really regarded Shandong as Japanese territory.

The Beijing government was afraid that there would be trouble in Shandong, so it declared martial law in Jinan on July 25, and appointed Ma Liang, the commander of the second division of the participating army and Jinan guard envoy, as the commander of martial law.In addition, Qu Yingguang was the governor of Shandong Province, and Shen Mingchang was replaced. Ma Liang is an inexplicable little warlord. He has a "technical brigade" dedicated to dealing with patriotic anti-Japanese activities, interfering in people's meetings everywhere and disbanding national salvation groups. On July 22, he was walking along the streets of Guyishi, and saw the shop "Jinjiapu" opened by Muslims with a patriotic convention. Chairman Ma Yunting, members Zhu Xiulin, and Zhu Chunxiang brothers were charged with forming a party and gathering to disturb public order.Then he led the troops and went to Shandong Normal School in a mighty way to gather the students to give lectures.His speech was wonderful, he said: "I am a nationalist, I have invincible courage, because I have unique skills, so I have no right to think, if I have political ambitions, the post of warlord has already been handed over .Now the reason why I show up to maintain social order is because mobs are instigating riots.” He was excited and roared impassionedly: “This morning I captured the three leaders of the rioters, Ma Yunting and the Zhu family brothers. The incident was stern and selfless. Although Ma Yunting is my Muslim friend, I will take them first. I warn you, whoever dares to disturb the public order and plot evil, you can look to Ma Yunting as an example."

Ma Liang believes that the participating army was established with Japanese loans, so he must "loyalty" to Japan. He often said to the soldiers: "One must drink water and think of the source. Our participating army was established by the Japanese. You wear Japanese military uniforms. What we want is Japanese arms, we can’t fight against Japan, it’s the mob that fights against Japan.” The martial law enforced by Ma Liang was simply to suppress anti-Japanese patriotic activities, so the students were outraged. On the morning of August 3, more than 300 student representatives from various schools in Jinan went to the Warlord's Office to petition, demanding the lifting of martial law, the release of patriots, and prohibiting soldiers from buying food for the Japanese.When Ma Liang heard that the students were petitioning at the Warlord's Office, he immediately sent troops to disperse the students, tore up the student petitions, and arrested 16 people including the leading student Liu Wenyan.As a result, the students were deeply indignant. More than 300 students followed the arrested classmates and were willing to go to jail together.The army escorted the 16 arrested students to the No. 1 Normal School, followed by the petitioning students. They were separated from the gate, but they all stood under the scorching sun and did not retreat later.The stalemate lasted until 2 p.m., when Ma Liang arrived with his army on horseback, opened the gate, and drove more than 300 students outside the gate into the first classroom of the school.

After Ma Liang drove more than 300 petitioning students into the first classroom of the First Normal School, he jumped onto the teacher's desk to lecture the students.He yelled at the students for disturbing the law and order, breaking the martial law, being instigated by radicals, and mixing men and women, which is inappropriate.His lectures were so nonsense that it was unbearable to hear, so a medical student, Wu Xiapu, protested.Wu said: "We have not been exploited by anyone. What we do today is driven by conscience. We are patriotic!" When Ma Liang saw someone contradicting him, he was furious, and immediately ordered the guards to arrest the student who spoke. After hitting thirty palms, his wolf-like technical soldiers ran over viciously, pressed Wu Xiapu's head with a big knife, pulled him to the bottom of the podium, and beat Wu's palms ten to one, and Wu Xiapu was killed. The beating was so painful that I cried, so all the students also cried.

When Ma Liang heard the students crying, he added fuel to the flames and scolded loudly: "You are not allowed to cry, and you will be beaten if you cry any more!" Then he ordered the soldiers to detain Wu Xiapu and lock him with the 16 students who had been detained. The rope is tied, waiting to be shot.Then he strode away furiously. After leaving the First Normal University, Ma Liang went to the Warlord's Office to meet with the Warlord Zhang Shuyuan, and asked for approval to shoot 17 students who had been detained for petitioning, so as to achieve the effect of suppression.Although Zhang Shuyuan was also a warlord, he did not dare to shoot the students, so he refused.So Ma Liang returned to the No. 1 Normal School. Of course, he didn't say that the warlord did not approve him to shoot the students, but that he himself couldn't bear to shoot them, and asked them to keep their own place and not mess around.After talking nonsense, it was not until 7 o'clock in the evening that the 17 detained students were released on bail by the chairman of the Shandong Provincial Council.

Although the students narrowly escaped death, the patriots who were arrested earlier suffered disaster. On August 5th, Ma Yunting, president of the Shandong Islamic National Salvation Support Association, and brothers Zhu Xiulin and Zhu Chunxiang, who were members, were sentenced to be shot after being severely tortured. They were taken to the execution ground for execution. Ma Yunting is a patriotic old man with white beard and hair. He is seventy-two years old. He is a doctor and treats others kindly. Countless poor people have been taken care of by him.When he was kidnapped by Wuhuada and taken to the execution ground, it was a very moving scene. He had a calm attitude and no fear. He bid farewell to the citizens while walking. People who are nearly 70 years old, the time of death is not far away, if they die like this, even though they are dead, they are still alive.He also encouraged everyone to love the country and contribute their strength to save the country. If everyone loves the country and saves the country, China will be saved.He really went to death calmly, seeing death as home.The citizens of Jinan followed him and listened to his speech with tears in their eyes.

When he calmly entered the execution ground, some citizens cried out, but he was so calm and solemn that the executioners couldn't bear to fire their guns. When the first executioner fired his gun, his hands trembled, and the second executioner did the same. In the end, an executioner approached his back, closed his eyes and fired a gun to complete this tragedy. This is a shameful tragedy. Ma Liang killed a great patriotic old man. In order to flatter the Japanese, Ma Liang killed his compatriots and Muslims (Ma Liang and Ma Yunting are both Muslims). This murder shocked the whole country.Therefore, due to the gunshots in Jinan, the people's representatives in all provinces and cities across the country have once again aroused a climax of petitions. On August 23, representatives from Zhili, Shandong, and Beijing jointly petitioned the Beijing government to replace Ma Liang and punish him at the same time.When the petition representatives went to the Presidential Palace, Xu Shichang closed the door, but the petitioners had to see the President. The stalemate lasted until night, and the Beijing government dispatched a large number of police officers to arrest 38 representatives.On the same day, the State Council sent telegrams to all provinces, explaining that the deputies were not arrested, but "sent to the hall for resettlement, and their origins will be found out, and they will be repatriated separately." Petitioning is illegal." On August 26, 32 representatives from Beijing and Tianjin staged a second petition and slept outside Xinhua Gate that night. On the 27th, Beijing students also joined the petition group.Therefore, the number of petitioners increased to more than 1,000, all of whom slept outside Xinhuamen. It rained heavily on the 28th, and the petitioners were drenched all over, but no one left, and many of the female students refused to leave.Petitioning students drew more than 400 people to petition the State Council. The State Council sent someone to explain to them: "Ma Liang's actions in Jinan are meritorious. All he killed were bandits. As for the martial law in Jinan, it is to prevent Japanese ronin riots and prevent Japanese Sending troops to occupy Jinan under the pretext of protecting overseas Chinese is not dealing with the people of the country.” Lu Ji, the petition representatives from all provinces across the country, rushed to Beijing and gathered outside the Xinhua Gate. The presidential palace was surrounded by petition representatives.Therefore, the Xinhua Gate, Xiyuan Gate, Fuhua Gate and the presidential residence of Jilingyuan were all tightly closed. Within the Beijing government, there was a debate on which method should be used to deal with the petition group. Xu Shichang advocated peaceful means, while Duan Qirui's faction advocated the use of force to disperse the petition group.As a result, Xu Shichang's claim was passed. At 1:00 p.m. on the 28th, the Beijing government dispatched a large number of military and police officers to gather more than 30 petitioning representative leaders in Tiananmen Square with two people sandwiching one person. Afterwards, the police chief Wu Bingxiang personally came to persuade them and asked them to use their influence Disband the petition, these leaders, of course, refuse. At 8 o'clock in the evening, another group of military police went to Tiananmen Square to search for Ma Jun, the vice president of the Tianjin Student Federation. Therefore, a battle was launched with the female students who tried their best to protect Ma Jun, and Ma Jun was finally taken away. At 11 o'clock, the Police Department sent multiple cars to force the female students into the cars and dismissed them separately. The rest of the petition representatives were taken out of Tiananmen Square and dismissed. Ma Jun was released on the 30th. Why did the Beijing government arrest Ma Jun, because in their eyes, Ma Jun is a dangerous person.When the Tianjin business community announced the termination of the strike on June 10, the next day Tianjin student representative Ma Jun and other seven people raised questions at the City Chamber of Commerce, so Tianjin went on strike again on the 12th.So the Beijing government took Ma Jun with admiration. The Beijing government became tougher in its response to the petition. On September 3, the Gyeonggi Garrison Headquarters was expanded into the Beijing Garrison Headquarters.At the same time, the Ministry of Education strictly prohibits students from gathering and forming associations. Even if they hold meetings in schools, they must abide by the Public Security Police Law, report to the police department in advance, and wait for officers to monitor them. Conversely, petitions in the provinces have also become very active.Representatives were sent to Beijing one after another.The Beijing government secretly ordered the provincial authorities to prevent petition representatives from entering Beijing, and the provincial representatives used various secret methods to escape the eyes and ears of the provincial authorities and marched towards Beijing, arriving at the destination of the petition - Beijing. On September 30, 31 representatives from the six provinces of Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shandong, and Zhili arrived in the capital. They secretly decided to gather in the Central Park on the morning of October 1, and then went to the presidential palace to petition.Unexpectedly, this news was leaked. When they respectively arrived at the Central Park the next morning, the military and police were already in full battle and cut off the traffic around Tiananmen Square. Centralized petitions.So they went straight to Xinhuamen, and when they arrived, they asked to see the president, but Xu Shichang still refused to meet him, so he sent Zeng Yi in to talk to the representatives. The responsible cabinet system, according to the "Convention Law", the people petition, there is no provision to petition the president, so please go to the State Council." The representatives replied: "If you talk about the "Convention Law", there is no provision in the "Convention Law" that prohibits the people A petition to the president. Now that the country has reached this stage, the president is the supreme head of state and should deal with major issues.” One party refused, and the other party insisted on seeing the president to petition, and a stalemate broke out.The petition representatives insisted on not retreating, so the Beijing government had to dispatch the police again to take all 31 representatives to the police station and order them to leave Beijing within 24 hours, otherwise they would be escorted back to their original places. The Double Tenth National Day is approaching, and students across the country are preparing to hold large-scale patriotic speeches in various places on the occasion of the National Day.Students in Beijing ordered 70,000 steamed buns with the words "Down with the Warlords" printed on them, and planned to distribute them to the audience on October 10.Unexpectedly, the police found out and detained all the steamed buns.The student representatives went to the police department to negotiate, and the police department gave it back. On October 10, about 5,000 students from 28 schools above middle school in Beijing gave lectures in and out of Beijing from 10:00 a.m., and the military and police in Beijing did not interfere. At 12 o'clock, various speech teams gathered at Zhonghuamen, but the military police prevented them from passing through. The police chief Wu Bingxiang personally came to persuade them to leave the team.In the afternoon, some students distributed "Down with the Warlords" leaflets in the Central Park area. In Shanghai, there is also a grand National Day commemoration.Shops all over Shanghai were closed for the day, and a parade with lanterns was held at night. There were no accidents during the National Day activities in Beijing and Shanghai. Perhaps the Beijing government felt embarrassed to make any unfortunate incidents on National Day! Although no unfortunate incidents happened in Beijing and Shanghai on the 8th National Day, Tianjin did. Tianjin is preparing to celebrate the National Day with a big parade. On the morning of the 10th, about 40,000 to 50,000 Tianjin citizens gathered in the playground of Nankai University, preparing to set off for the parade.Suddenly Yang Yide, the police chief of Tianjin City, sent armed police to stop the marchers from leaving.The two sides were at war with each other, and the atmosphere was very tense. The student representatives came out to negotiate and assured that there would be no accidents, but the police ignored them.The two sides held a stalemate for about an hour. The team before the parade thought that there was no way to pass without rushing, so they rushed forward and forced to pass. The onlookers also shouted and cheered.As a result, the police were enraged, and both sides lost their minds when you rushed to block each other. The police took the lead. They raised their guns and beat the students head-on. Of course, many students were injured in this kind of irrational conflict, but the parade was full of enthusiasm. They concentrated their strength and rushed forward, and the police cordon was broken. The parade first went to the Tianjin Police Department and questioned the police why Injure people with weapons and stop the National Day parade? Yang Yide, the head of the Tianjin Police Department, intends to deal with the students and the masses. He has already deployed more than 1,000 security forces, horse teams, and armed policemen to guard outside the police station. He did not meet the student representatives. : "You don't have to talk to me, this is what I do. If you want to be reasonable, you can go to the court to sue." The parade knew that Yang Yide was unreasonable, so they turned back and turned to the Zhili Provincial Office to petition. It was a holiday, and there was no one working in the office. On the 11th, Tianjin students went on strike to protest Yang Yide's oppression of students and citizens.Yang countered that anti-tax slogans and leaflets to overthrow the government were found in the parade. On the 22nd, more than 10,000 Tianjin citizens and student representatives petitioned the Provincial Governor's Office, demanding that Yang Yide be replaced. Zhili Governor Cao Rui (Cao Kun's brother) personally received him, apologized to the students, and expressed condolences to the petitioners. The weather, everyone worked hard for state affairs, I really admire it.Regarding the replacement of Yang Yide, he said that he "has his own way".The petitioners were satisfied, and the strike was terminated that day. However, Cao Rui's check has not been cashed, and there is still no news after waiting for a week. On October 30, the students held a second petition.Cao Rui still had a smile on his face and advised the students to be patient calmly and wait and see, he is working hard.The students understood that the governor could not directly remove the chief of police, but had to ask Beijing for instructions, and Yang Yide had a backer in Beijing, so they were still considerate of Cao Rui.Until the third petition, Cao Rui's performance to the students seemed to be unspeakable.In fact, it is very simple, Cao Rui is the direct line, and Yang Yide is supported by the Duan line. On November 19th, Tianjin received the ferry and openly sent a letter to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Beijing government, protesting the election of Bian Yinchang as the chairman of the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce, and demanding re-election, because Bian was the head of the Ten People's Salvation Group.The citizens of Tianjin were extremely angry about this, and they also demanded that the Beijing government submit a request to the Japanese government to replace the Funatsu consul. Fujian is also under the sphere of influence of Japan, and its situation is similar to that of Shandong. There is a businessman in Fuzhou City who made a fortune in the country. He is Huang Zhanhong, the chairman of the Fuzhou General Chamber of Commerce, the owner of Hengsheng Cloth Store.Fuzhou students found out that he had hidden a large number of Japanese goods during the boycott of Japanese goods, so they questioned him. On June 14th, the profiteer invited the student representatives to his home to check the stock with a smile on his face. How did he know that the students were deceived? Huang Zhanhong tricked the students into the house and closed the door. The conductor Ding beat the students, In addition, he was accused of robbery and reported to the military governor. On the 16th, more than a thousand students from Fuzhou went to the provincial assembly to petition to punish illegal profiteers. Li Houji, the military governor, sent troops to take all the petitioning students to the No. 1 Middle School and imprison them.Li Houji lied to the Beijing government that all the criminals who had been detained were bandits, holding white flags, spreading all over the market, advocating murder. In order to prevent the Japanese from sending troops to land, they were all arrested. Li Houji's false accusation aroused great anger from all walks of life in Fuzhou, so they took strikes to protest. Li Houji received huge resistance and was forced to release the detained students on the 18th. Office detention.A few days later, the Huang brothers were sent to the Army Hospital, and then they were secretly released. On June 20, Japan sent three warships to Fuzhou to demonstrate. The Japanese consul demanded that the Fujian provincial authorities ban the boycott of Japanese goods, disband patriotic groups, and prohibit newspapers from publishing anti-Japanese speeches. Otherwise, Japan will take necessary actions. On November 6th, the students performed a new play, the theme of which was Japan's invasion of China, and suddenly a Japanese ronin ran up to the stage and beat up the actors.Upon hearing the news, the Fuzhou authorities sent a large number of military police and ordered the students to stop the performance.In the afternoon, more than a hundred Japanese ronin came into the city with weapons in their arms to provoke.Seven students from the YMCA passed the bridge in a rickshaw, but they were dragged out of the rickshaw by Japanese wanderers and beaten severely.Three of them were beaten badly, and the other four students ran wildly. The Japanese chased after them all the way to the YMCA. The Japanese ronin even opened fire on the street, wounding one of the students.Duan Fanghua, an American teacher of the YMCA, ran out when he heard the sound, and the Japanese attacked with an iron ruler. Duan Fanghua was hit and fell to the ground in pain.The police rushed to mediate after hearing the sound, but the Japanese couldn't help but shoot, and the police were ordered not to shoot outsiders, so they took away two carbine guns.The police were unable to fight back, so they had to blare their sirens. A large number of police officers arrived, and the Japanese fled in a panic.The police arrested Fukuda Harazo, who fired the gun, and Yotsu Yoshiro and Miki Koshiro, who were armed with murder weapons and disguised as Chinese.The other seven Japanese ronin fled to the Shun Kee restaurant and were surrounded by citizens and the police. They ran upstairs and shot to resist arrest.When the ammunition ran out, they threw tables, chairs and utensils downstairs as weapons, and some climbed to the roof to throw tiles.It wasn't until the police bravely went upstairs that they stopped fighting and revealed their identities.It turned out that they were employees of the Japanese Consular Office, and one of them was the policeman of the Consular Office, Jiangkou Shanhai.Because they were diplomats, the police did not dare to arrest them, so they had to call the diplomatic negotiators to report to the Japanese Consulate Office, asking them to send someone to bring back the ten Japanese ronin who caused the accident. In this disturbance, because the police dared not shoot back at the Japanese, none of the ten Japanese ronin who caused the disturbance were injured.But on the Chinese side, policeman Shi Xiaoliang was shot four times in the chest and abdomen, student Liu Xiang of the Majiang Naval Academy was shot in the leg and his bones were broken, and citizen Zhu Yicai was shot through the ribs.Students Zheng Xueqian and Liu Zhongzhi were both seriously injured by knives and sticks, Huang Yucang was injured and fainted, and 1,000 yuan in cash was robbed.A total of ten people were injured, all of whom were identified by the Japanese leader.In addition, Shun Kee Pharmacy suffered a loss of about 3,000 yuan. On the 17th, all schools in Fuzhou went on strike unanimously, and all shops went on strike unanimously to protest the atrocities committed by the Japanese.People from all walks of life convened a National Assembly in the Provincial Assembly, demanding the military governor and governor Li Houji to make serious representations to the Japanese consul, such as punishing the murderer and sympathizing with the injured. On the 17th and 18th, Japanese ronin were still found chasing and beating students on the streets of Fuzhou. The American consul requested police to protect the church schools.The Fuzhou incident was originally planned by the Japanese to create trouble as an excuse for aggression so that gunboats could directly suppress the Chinese people.Therefore, on the day of the murder, the Japanese leader of Fuzhou sent a telegram asking the Japanese government to send a ship to help. On the 19th, the Japanese government ordered the 21st destroyer Sasebo to set off, and on the 20th, two Japanese ships arrived in Majiang. The atrocities committed by the Japanese in Fuzhou aroused shock and anger throughout the country, so anti-Japanese patriotic movements broke out in full swing, and because of the new stimulus, the gap in the volcano that was already about to explode was widened. On the 21st, Beijing student representatives petitioned the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Education separately. On the 22nd, the Beijing government ordered Zhuang Jingke, the charge d'affaires in Japan, to protest to the Japanese government, and demanded compensation for losses, compensation for the casualties, and withdrawal of the Japanese warships in Majiang.The Japanese government stated that it would admit that it would send personnel to investigate and deal with issues such as compensation and pensions, but would not accept the issue of the withdrawal of warships.The reason is that the Chinese government has not done its best to ban the non-Japanese movement.At the same time, the Japanese envoy to China also made a counter-protest to the Beijing government to stop the anti-Japanese cargo-discharging movement in various places. On the 23rd, the Japanese ships "Saga" and "Sakura" arrived under the Fuzhou Bridge again, fired 18 guns, and sent sailors to land and demonstrate.Under the double pressure of the people's petitions and demonstrations and the Japanese gunboat demonstrations, the Beijing government was really in a dilemma. The people were afraid of offending Japan, but the Japanese had a disturbed conscience, and the people's anger could not be contained.Under such circumstances, the local authorities in Fuzhou had to be authorized to negotiate directly with the Japanese.Li Houji, the military governor and governor of Fujian Province, thought that the central government in Beijing was simply joking. How the local government can negotiate on such a major matter is naturally a matter for the central government. Negotiations with Japan should still be handled by the central government and the Japanese Minister in Beijing. The whole province of Fujian was the same as the whole province of Shandong. The anger of the students and the people reached its peak. They all knew that the government would not be strong in foreign negotiations. Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world, and the Chinese people have actually realized it. After the murder in Fuzhou, the whole country was shaken. On November 23, all walks of life in Shanghai held a meeting to support the Fujian case, proposing (1) punishing the perpetrators, (2) withdrawing the collar, (3) compensating the casualties, (4) punishing the Japanese Consulate General who participated in the riot, and (5) the Japanese government should pay China apologized, (6) withdrew the Japanese ships, (7) guaranteed that Japanese overseas Chinese would not carry weapons in the future, and (8) canceled Japan's consular jurisdiction in Fuzhou. On the 27th, Beijing students from Hokkien held a meeting at Peking University. Liu Qingping, a student of the Normal University, was so impassioned on the spot that he cut off his fingers in protest.Representatives of Peking University and Fujian students asked the Beijing government to negotiate seriously. On the 27th, the State Council sent a telegram to all provinces, advising the people to wait for the Fujian case to be resolved. In order to protest the atrocities committed by the Japanese in Fuzhou, Beijing students decided to hold a parade, speech and demonstration.There was no class strike in this demonstration, and the students who participated all came here on leave. At 11 a.m. on the 29th, more than 30,000 students from 34 schools above middle school in Beijing gathered in Tiananmen Square. They set off for a parade at 12 a.m. and gave lectures. They returned to Tiananmen Square at 3 p.m. Students in Shanghai suspended classes for four days from December 3 to give patriotic speeches, and organized a boycott of Japanese goods committee to protest the Japanese riots in Fuzhou. On December 7th, 17 organizations, including the Beijing Student Federation, the Federation of All walks of life, and the Fujian Association, held a National Assembly in Tiananmen Square. About 100,000 people attended the meeting. The president of the Chamber of Commerce Andison was publicly recommended as the chairman. Because the Beijing Chamber of Commerce lacked enthusiasm for boycotting Japanese products, Therefore, this meeting deliberately pushed the chairman of the Chamber of Commerce as the chairman to force him to express his attitude.At 1:00 p.m., the time for the meeting was up, but Andison was nowhere to be found and did not attend the meeting. Liu Qingping, who proposed to cut off his finger, served as the interim chairman of the meeting.The masses expressed dissatisfaction with Andison's late arrival, and some people shouted to overthrow the General Chamber of Commerce in the outrage.At this time, Andy Sheng led more than a thousand representatives of the business community to arrive. He stood on the stage representing the entire business community, expressing the general will of the people to boycott Japanese products.The crowd asked the chamber of commerce to sign the letter, and Andison promised that the entire business community would seal up the existing Japanese goods and not sell them within three days.Fortunately, the host of the meeting explained to the audience that the purpose of today's meeting is to unify the outside world and persuade everyone to calm down and not cause internal disputes.The General Assembly decided to support the various articles of the Fujian case, which were roughly the same as those proposed by the provinces and cities. In addition, it issued a declaration to all countries in the world, denying the validity of all Sino-Japanese secret treaties. Due to the scale and results of this meeting, the Beijing boycott of Japanese goods was further developed.Peking University established a committee to boycott Japanese goods, and from the 10th sent people to the customs to inspect imported goods.Businessmen from all walks of life collectively swore in the Chamber of Commerce that they would never buy Japanese goods, and notified Japan to return the goods by telegram.The Japanese business community saw that the Chinese boycott of Japanese goods was determined to implement, so the Japanese private and business circles began to issue demands for improving Sino-Japanese relations. Japan's aggressive ambitions against China were inexhaustible. Unfortunately, in the early years of the Republic of China, the anti-Japanese sentiment was only expressed among the people, while the government's performance was weak and incompetent. This gave the Japanese invaders a great encouragement. During this period, warlords suppressed the patriotic movement of students in various provinces, and at the same time blamed education. On December 1, the Fuzhou Student Federation was closed by the Fujian governor Li Houji, so the Fujian Association in Beijing launched a movement to expel Li. On December 10, students in Nanchang announced a strike to protest against Jiangxi Governor Chen Guangyuan sending troops to dissolve the school, and the strike lasted for two weeks.Classes did not resume until the 23rd. On the 24th, the Jinan Student Union was also closed down. Zhang Shuyuan, the governor of Shandong, sent troops to monitor the schools and prohibited the students from going out.The students put forward conditions such as resuming the student union, withdrawing the military and police, punishing the murderer and treating the wounded. In Beijing, the student movement continued to expand. On December 15, the teachers and staff of schools above elementary school in Beijing followed in the footsteps of Hunan, announcing the suspension of all teachers due to life difficulties.However, in addition to economic requirements, they also had political requirements, demanding the replacement of the then Minister of Education, Fu Yuefen, the lackey of Anfu Department. On the 31st, the principals of schools above elementary school also joined the ranks of suspension. On January 5, 9, the teaching staff of various schools in Beijing regrouped to the Ministry of Education to "present a flag" to Minister Fu Yuefen. On the 9th, Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng promised not to issue banknotes when receiving faculty representatives, and to replace Fu Yuefen in a short period of time, and the suspension trend subsided on the 12th. On January 1, 9, students in Jinan performed a play on a big stage after obtaining official approval. Unexpectedly, armed police came to interfere, causing conflicts on the spot.Seventy to eighty students were injured, and all actors were arrested.The Jinan Student Federation held a meeting to discuss countermeasures, but the nemesis Ma Liang arrived with a group of thugs in a murderous spirit.As before, he stood on the stage and gave lectures to the students.He said: "Don't think that you are great. Only you are patriotic. People who are officials are not patriotic. You must know that people who are officials have also been students. I used to be a patriot when I was a student. Don't fall in love with those politicians." That's right, politicians don't do good things all day long, they make wind and rain, and ask you to do bad things. You see, the students in Fujian didn't confess that they were killed by the Japanese. Shandong, like Fujian, is within the power and scope of Japan. Japan People are all carrying pistols, killing you guys is not in vain. I think you should be well-behaved and don't make trouble." After Ma Liang made a lot of comments, he left. After he left, the Federation of Students immediately proposed to replace the police chief Jin Ronggui and the education chief Yuan Liyi, and at the same time asked the government to show mercy.If the government does not accept it, it will take further countermeasures. On January 3, all the faculty and staff in Jinan announced a "Alliance Strike" for student support.At this time, the governor of Shandong had replaced Tian Zhongyu, who had just arrived in office and was unwilling to let the situation escalate, so he accepted the request of the academic circles and replaced the chief of police. Schools in Jinan will resume classes on January 19. The patriotic movement and the student unrest came and went, and the Shandong student unrest benefited from the appointment of the new warlord.A new incident happened in Tianjin. Originally, Tianjin students requested the Beijing government to replace Yang Yide. Not only was it not approved, but Yang Yide was appreciated by the Beijing government.On the other hand, Funatsu, the Japanese consul in Tianjin, demanded that the students in Tianjin be banned from inspecting the goods. On January 24, Yang Yide was ordered to arrest eight student representatives and seven representatives from all walks of life, and sealed up the Student Federation and the Federation of all walks of life. On the 29th, more than 5,000 students in Tianjin once again asked Governor Cao Rui to replace Yang Yide, release the arrested representatives, and restore the Federation of Students and Federations of All walks of life.Cao Rui actually closed the gate of the governor's office and refused to meet the student representatives. The student representatives wanted to sneak in under the threshold to open the gate, but the military police inside opened the gate first, jumped out and injured There were more than 50 students, and four student representatives were tied up and paraded through the streets.After the student unrest in Tianjin, on January 31, more than 10,000 students from No. 39 School in Beijing marched in the snow to express their protest. People from all walks of life in Shanghai also held a National Assembly and issued a manifesto denouncing Duan Qirui, Xu Shuzheng and others.Duan Qirui advocated strong suppression of the student unrest, so he praised Ma Liang from Shandong and Yang Yide from Tianjin, and reprimanded Jin Yunpeng for being muddled and helpless, which made the students arrogant and lawless. On February 1, the military and police in Beijing held a secret meeting, and Duan Zhigui proposed a plan for direct action.The meeting decided that the military and police authorities would jointly ask the Ministry of Education if there was any way to stop the student unrest. If not, they would take drastic action. On the 2nd, Minister of Education Fu Yuefen convened a meeting of principals, distributed the letter of questioning from the military and police authorities to the participating principals to read, and advised the principals of all schools to restrain the students themselves, otherwise, troubles would arise, and the Ministry of Education would be helpless. Schools in Beijing have not had classes since the January 31st parade. The principals of each school received a secret notice from Jin Yunpeng, knowing that the military and police would take direct and strong action. Therefore, they advised the students to avoid the limelight and let the principals come forward to negotiate the release of Tianjin. Arrested students. On the afternoon of the 3rd, the headmaster's representative went to the State Council to negotiate. Jin said that under the current circumstances, it was extremely inconvenient for the government to release Tianjin students, and hinted that the Shandong issue would be directly negotiated with Japan.The principals accused Jin Yunpeng of being the prime minister and should not be manipulated by others.Jin also retorted, which caused a quarrel and broke up unhappy. On February 4th, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs Chen Lu raised the protest sent by the Japanese minister at the state affairs meeting. The meeting approved the handling of the student riots and severe measures will be taken. However, the students did not shrink back. On February 4th, the number of students giving lectures in Beijing increased to seven to eight thousand, and about 3,000 people were concentrated in the Qianmen area alone.They stood on the thoroughfare and shouted loudly, accusing the Beijing government of being a traitorous government, and the people must stand up bravely and not allow them to be traitorous.Suddenly, a group of military police rushed into the crowd in a car. Some people were knocked down by the car because they couldn't dodge in time, which aroused public indignation and destroyed the car on the spot. More than ten students were injured, and more than 1,600 students were arrested and sent to Tiananmen Square for detention. These arrested students were not released until evening. 2月5日，北京学生继续出动七八千人到街头演讲，北京政府事先已调来第九师兵士2500人张幕于中华门内，当学生集中时，军队即出动袭击，打伤了学生数十人，并逮捕了学生代表43人。 当天晚上，北京军警当局徐树铮、段芝贵、王怀庆、吴炳湘和安福系重要分子曾毓隽等，在北池子日本人大仓的住宅开会，日本人参加这个会议的，有公府顾问青木中将、参战军督练官坂西中将和资本家大仓。这次会议决定强硬的行动，不理北京政府和平解散的命令，直接采取严厉行动，取缔学潮。当晚就将所捕学生43人移交北京卫戍司令部收押，不许亲友探望。 2月6日，北京处于军警的直接控制，各校均由军警把守，不许学生外出，电话线也被割断，北大、高师两校受到更严密地封锁。前门一带军警林立，全城各主要路线也都布满了警戒哨，如果发现演讲学生，即行逮捕。因此学生们无法进行活动，预定举行的国民大会也无法召开，校长代表想到国务院交涉释放前一天被捕的学生，也被军警阻止。 同时，在强硬派的压力下，北京政府发布了“严厉取缔和镇压学潮的命令”。The full text is as follows: “近年以来，学潮颓靡，法纪不张。以诸生隽异之姿，动辄聚众暴行，自由行动，国家作育英髦，期望至切，迭经明令剀切诰戒，申明约束，深冀其濯磨砥砺，勉为异日致用之才，诸生等果知自爱爱国，当亦憬然悔悟。乃据京师警察厅报告，本月四日，京师各校学生，有在前门外排列演说，阻断交通，并有击毁车辆毁伤行人情事。而日前直隶省长，亦有学生包围公署，击伤警卫，不服制止之报告。似此扰乱秩序，显干法纪，著莪之选，沦于榛棘，甚为诸生惜之！自来学生干政，例禁綦严，诚以向学之年，质性未定，纷心政治，适隳学业。抑且立法行政之责，各有专属，岂宜以少数学子，挟出位之思，为逾轨之举。在国家则有妨统驭，在诸生亦自败修名，在政府虽爱惜诸生，而不能不尊重法律，须知国家生存，全赖法律之维系，学生同属国民，即同在法权统治之下，负执行法律之责者，讵能以学生干法，置之不问？兹特依据法律，再为谆切之申告，自此次明令之后，应即责成教育部，督饬办学各员，恪遵迭令，认真牖导。凡学生轶出范围之举，立子从严制止，总期销弭未萌，各循矩矱。其有情甘暴弃，希图煽乱者，查明斥退，情节重大，构成犯罪行为者，由司法官厅依法惩办。办学各员，倘有徇庇纵容，并予撤惩。总之军纪所在，不容凌蔑，政府以国家为重，执法以绳，决无宽贷，其共懔之！此令”。 令下后，又饬京师警察厅，根据自治警察法条例，布告将北京中等以上学校学生联合会，暨北京小学以上学校教员联合会，一体解散。 2月7日是星期天，因此形势较为和缓，各校驻军撤退，由警察和便衣来接替，电话也恢复通线，不过中等以上学校学生则仍被禁止外出。各校学生乃秘密决定自下星期一起改为上午上课，下午出外演讲，并且约定寒假不回家，以倾全力进行爱国活动。 10日，出外演讲的学生却都受到驻校军警的干涉，11日学生们改为分散出发，每组只有二三人，可是也不能逃避军警的耳目。从17日起，学生决定停止演讲，恢复全天上课。 15日，北京学联、教联均被查封。 北京政府在这时期陷入了风雨飘摇的地位。9日起，靳云鹏不敢到国务院办公。13日陆徵祥、陈箓请求辞职，外交部因无人负责而停止办公。17日陈箓被劝回部，以应付对外事务。 3月5日，卫戍司令部把已被捕的学生代表43人移送至法院。4月7日由校长保释了学生代表方豪、王名烈、夏秀峰三人。由于法院不许其他学生交保，北京学生又展开了集体自首，第一批自首者189人，第二批自首者246人，第三批自首者588人。北京检察厅对于自首的学生一概不予接受。 在全国反日爱国运动中，段系变成亲日派，处于极不利的地位，徐树铮疑心冯国璋在捣鬼，幕后策划，又疑心冯将南下另组政府。而徐世昌则也想拉冯，以统一直皖两系，自己坐到北洋派最高领袖地位，所以早在8年秋天，就派师景云赴河间冯的原籍去迎冯入京。冯鉴于陆建章之被杀，怕徐树铮下他的毒手，因此迟迟其行，由河间到了天津，徐世昌虽然一再去电催他入京共抒国难，他则一再犹豫，不敢动身赴京。