Chapter 148 147. Withdrawal of Outer Mongolia

On the one hand, Xu Shuzheng put pressure on Batema, and at the same time he was going to ask the government to revoke the self-government directly.His approach is completely domineering, because he has soldiers in Kulun, so he dares to do whatever he wants. November 15, 208 was a crucial day for the decision. Chen Yi and Che Lin negotiated for more than ten months and finally broke down the withdrawal issue, which was finally resolved on this day.It can be seen from Xu Shuzheng's three-way telegram to the Beijing government how the situation took a turn for the worse. Xu Dianyi: "Northwest Frontier Administration of Beijing. ○ Secret. Copy to the President, the State Council, Duan Supervisory Office, and various ministries:

On the 14th day of the cold winter, I went to Batma's residence to discuss the conditions. Because the right to go to the lama was still in place, Shuzheng insisted that the regulations should be simple. The detailed measures can be formulated separately. Withdrawal of treatment, all methods are to be discussed separately, or people will be sent to Beijing with Shuzheng to make a detailed decision.He was cunning for a long time, forcing him to pay homage to the Buddha.Shu Zhengxun also issued a strict edict, saying that the sin of misfortune does not lie with the Buddha but with the Lama.There is a grace period of one day, and it must be resolved at night, otherwise there will be more than one Buddha who has solved it, and the deacon, even if he is old, should accompany him.He was extremely frightened, and in about a day or two, it could be seen that he had made up his mind.Make a tree.Delete (fifteen)"

Xu Dian 2: "Northwest Frontier Administration of Beijing. ○ Secret. Copy to the President, the State Council, Duan Supervisor's Office, and various ministries: It is planned to delete the electricity, today Batma convened a plenary meeting of lamas and princes, and it was agreed that the living Buddha should first stamp the seal, and lead the public to submit a request for withdrawal; all conditions and methods will be determined separately.Order people to ask, don't force them tonight, it will be done within a few days.Shuzheng promised not to force him, but he still had to finish it quickly. The living Buddha sent a senior member to accompany Shuzheng to Beijing to pay homage to the President to congratulate Yunyun.Fearing that his nights will be long and dreamy, so he must be strictly urged to make a quick decision.This is the only report, and I pray for inspection.Make a tree.delete two"

Xu Diansan: "Northwest Frontier Administration of Beijing. ○ secret. Copies submitted to the President, the State Council, Duan Supervisor, and signed by all ministries: Delete the second report on the situation of the meeting of the Mongolian members, and ask Shuzheng not to force him tonight.After the telegram was sent, someone asked Batma why the meeting was not over, so she hurried back first?Answer: Yesterday Mr. Xu set a limit to meet at 6:00 pm, so we returned early and waited for him.Shuzheng immediately went to meet with him, only to learn that the method he had decided was slightly different, and it was just a rumor.There is no such case for the signature and seal of the living Buddha; the signatures and seals of the ministers of the government, the statement of the referendum at the meeting, and the approval of the living Buddha, please represent the government of Chen.It was also the Empress Dowager who ordered the cabinet to hand over to the senior officials of the Republic of China to find out the inferior government of the room, and it was not necessary for the empress to sign.Although Yelang is small, he entertains himself under the imperial system, and the Buddha is not named, and he has no doubts about outsiders, so he graciously agrees and apologizes for his recklessness last night.Its official documents are finalized sooner or later.This is the only statement, and I will beg for inspection.Make a tree.delete three"

Two days later, the Autonomous Government of Outer Mongolia prepared two voluntary abolition of self-government papers and sent them to the Protectorate and Frontier Envoys, requesting that they be forwarded to the Chinese government. The full text of the statement of the Outer Mongolia Autonomous Government requesting the revocation of self-government is as follows: "Outer Mongolia has been subordinate to China since Kangxi in the former Qing Dynasty. It has been over two hundred years. From the princes to the common people, everyone has lived in peace. Since the Daoguang period, the old system has been changed, and there is a feeling of Fumeng, so it was born. Resentment. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, administrative officials were filthy, and people felt angry and resentful. At that time, outsiders took the opportunity to incite and incite independence. After the agreement was amended, the autonomy of Outer Mongolia was completed, and China gained sovereignty over the air. However, the Outer Mongolia government has lost its rights and interests. So far, several years of self-government have not seen full results. Looking back on the past, people today are truly lamentable.

Recently, there is no order in the civil strife in Russia, and chaotic parties have invaded the country. The Russians have neither a unified government nor the ability to protect treaties. When people came to the library, they forced them to return, planning to unify Mongolia and become an independent country. All kinds of incitement, the situation is very urgent.Seizing China's suzerainty and undermining Outer Mongolia's autonomy will be harmful to Outer Mongolia, and this government is aware of this situation.The cloth bandits think that I will not obey, and they will send troops to invade the frontier, and they will threaten to obey.In addition, Tangnu Wulianghaixiang's area belongs to Waixuan. At first, the White Party of Russia invaded and occupied it forcibly, and refused to attack our Chinese and Mongolian army. Then the Red Party re-advanced, making it impossible to handle it.The livelihood of the people in Outer Mongolia has always been the weakest. They are short of money, unable to rectify, lack of guns and weak soldiers, and are extremely difficult.Although the central government has taken on various difficulties and also assumed the responsibility of protection, it is to revitalize the cause, which has not yet been implemented.The current domestic and foreign affairs are in extreme danger. Therefore, the government has a glimpse of the current situation and convened meetings with princes and lamas to discuss issues of future interests and safety, hoping to proceed.Xian said that recently China and Mongolia have become more and more intimate with each other, they have become more and more intimate, and they have agreed to plan for a long-term peace for the people.All the powers of Zhasak are still direct to the central government, and the powers are uniform. All the governance of internal affairs and the defense of foreign aggression depend on the central government's efforts to help.When the situation of the resolution was forwarded to Bokdojebtsundamba Hutuktuhan, it was approved.However, it is hoped that China's internal powers in Outer Mongolia will be negotiated equally according to the situation in Mongolia. In the future, the affairs and all rules will be revitalized, and the power will be unified with the central government. There will be no conflict between the two.To be a republic with other races and to share happiness is what our officials and people in Outer Mongolia are looking forward to praying for.The China-Mongolia-Russia tripartite treaty, the Russia-Mongolia business agreement, and the China-Russia statement were originally made for the autonomy of Outer Mongolia. Now that I am willing to cancel the autonomy, the previous conditions are of course invalid.Regarding the business affairs of the Russians in Mongolia, after the establishment of the new Russian government in the future, the central government should be responsible for further discussion and negotiation, so as to win the rights and interests with the friendship of the country. "

On November 22, Xu Shichang issued an order in his capacity as President to accept the petition of the Outer Mongolia Autonomous Government.Ling Yun: "After reviewing the submission, the words of love are sincere. I have seen Bokdo Jebtsundamba Hutuktuhan and the prince and lama. I understand the meaning of the five clans and one family. I love the country with one heart and sincerity. I should do as I ask, In order to follow the Mongolian situation, all the Bokdojebzundamba Hutuktu Khan in Outer Mongolia should be respected, and the benefits they should enjoy with the Shabi of the Four Leagues are the same as the old system, and the central government should give them preferential treatment so that they can enjoy The blessing of the republic hangs endlessly, and this president has high hopes. This order!"

What makes Xu Shuzheng different from Chen Yi is that he knows how to use power tactics to deal with the Outer Mongolia issue, targeting princes, lamas and living Buddhas and their weaknesses.In his telegram to the Beijing government on November 18, he made his tactics very clear. The full text of the telegram is as follows: "Northwest Frontier Administration of Beijing, ○ Secret. Copy to the President, the State Council, Duan Supervisor Office, and various ministries: cleverly plan and verify. Outer Mongolia withdraws administrative affairs, opinion disputes, long-standing discussions, and no clauses are still attached. It's a decision, but it's unexpected. It's been half a year since Chen Hushi went back and forth to investigate the case, and some of the cumbersome points can be known from the investigation of the case by the Ministry of Commerce. Contacting and negotiating, running around to lure people, favors and Lees The deputy envoy's contribution to persuading the princes of the outer roads is indispensable. The plan of the Privy Council has been taken into account, and there is no Yong Shuzheng to tell the story on his behalf.

The princes and princes of Zha wanted to fight back the rights and interests that the lama had invaded. On the one hand, they appealed to the envoy Chen, and on the other hand, they were afraid of being harmed by the Living Buddha.The lamas rely on living Buddhas to recruit power and accept bribes to force others. Fearing that they will lose their support after the withdrawal of governance, they will scorn the weakness of the princes and princes, and try their best to listen to the Buddha, so that they can take the responsibility and do it, but they still pretend to be rhetoric.From Shuzheng to Ku, and aware of this situation, Suiyang made friends with the Lama, so that he could trust him.The leader of Shuzheng is also united with Gao Tuan, and has great prestige. He is the lama's trend, and it is said that he can use it to resist Chen envoys and control princes.Seeing that the lama has confidence, the princes and princes have no choice but to stick to the Chen envoy to strengthen themselves, and don't worry about any further slack.Shuzheng has to fight the lama wholeheartedly. If he is kind, he will speak softly;Then I jumped into this topic, blaming the cup Buddha for the crime of meeting evil, and reprimanding the prince for returning late for not knowing the benefits.Shuzheng borrowed the national axe, supervised the superintendent, and held heavy soldiers in his hands, fearing to overwhelm the foolish people who have no wisdom and power.Just because the case is not resolved for a long time, the country will be in danger of losing its prestige and weight, so it does not hesitate to take this bad policy.The layout of the previous electricity is slightly determined, that is to say, it is not intended to be a fluke.However, unless Chen envoys are skillful in maneuvering, even if they have strategies, there is no gap to take advantage of; if the Gaotuan army is not in the lead, even if they are powerful, it is difficult to make them hastily.It is the establishment of the deeds, all thanks to the efforts of Chen Shigao and the regiment; Shuzheng's management and planning will be done in the future, and he has not paid attention to the present, so why dare to take it as his own luck.The repeated telegrams are slightly dissatisfied with the envoy Chen, because the court telegram has special feelings, so there are angry words. It is not because there is something wrong with the envoy Chen, and I pray for forgiveness.Make a tree.Qiao (eighteen days) two"

On the 19th, Xiao Xu also sent a telegram to the State Council: "Junjian from the State Council of Beijing: Secret governance. Deletion of telegrams, I respect you. I am ashamed to accept the award. Now we have agreed with the Mongolian government that there is no clause. Please withdraw the governance first. The three envoys, Chen En and Li, all agree very much. The previous telegram invites Juncha. The Chen Dianyu has been on the Internet for several days, and it is not without intensity. It is because I have other feelings, but I don’t realize it is mixed in. Duan Supervisor's Office and various ministries learned from it. Zhi Shuzheng, remonstrance (19)"

Xu Shuzheng's frontier envoy, Wang Yintai, director of the General Affairs Department, also contributed a lot in the negotiations on the withdrawal of Mongolia, but his contribution cannot be seen in official documents.It is said that Jebtsundamba had a younger sister-in-law who was an active figure in Kulun at that time. She was good-looking, and because she could often get close to the Living Buddha, she was quite powerful politically.Wang Yintai was considered a beautiful young man at the time, and he was also a celebrity around Xu Choi's side, so there was a romance between this Mongolian noble lady and the king, and it is said that Xu Qiering Wang used this living Buddha's sister-in-law to engage in activities with the living Buddha Withdrawal, the Living Buddha finally agreed to withdraw treatment, and the greatest influence was the advice of his sister-in-law. After the success, Xiao Xu will return to Beijing to return to his command. Before his departure on November 20, he will perform a special play to entertain Mongolian officials and people. He has a telegram to report to the Beijing government: "Northwest Frontier Administration of Beijing. ○ secret, copied to the President, the State Council, Duan Supervisor's Office, and various ministries: Shuzheng is now scheduled to leave for Beijing tomorrow morning. Many officials from the Mongolian government came to the office to see him off. They had a cordial and sincere talk with Shuzheng. In the evening, the Mongolian officials and envoys, as well as the company commanders of the armies and the officials and assistants were invited to a banquet, and the guests were still entertained with plays. An announcement was made on the street to remove the guards, and all Han and Mongolian merchants, rich and poor, were allowed to enter. The spectators of the drama were crowded, and Shuzheng announced in public that we will gather this evening, so we celebrate the withdrawal of Mongolian border control. I have heard about the government of the Living Buddha and various Mongolian flags for a long time, and I have made up my mind. Now I don’t need to discuss it, and I will do it resolutely. The sincerity of patriotism, the sincerity of love. And the responsibility of presenting, the responsibility of the humble, I have a very close relationship with this matter, so the celebration is especially reverent. For the country and the Mongolian border celebration, for the blessings of the kings, and for the Celebrating my own life. I would like to thank you for being here for more than 20 days. You love and encourage me. Whatever I want to investigate now, and what I want to do in the future, I have been guided by the compass, so that I can follow the rules in the future and do my best. Cotton force is a gift from all the kings, not only my own body, but also the appropriate brunt, so I respect and thank you. Sincerely, I have not been here for a long time, but the scholars and husbands from all walks of life met very happily, just like old friends, and hurried south , There are still those who have left and haven't met. Although they will come back soon, it is difficult to express their happiness. Those who want to visit the kings also have the same feeling. After the farewell, we will send letters and telegrams, and we cannot be lonely. Shuzheng Speaking of this, the most important thing is that if you are praised by others, you can ask yourself, and you can feel at ease, and no matter who opens it to the audience, there must be spies from various countries mixed in, and they can broadcast it for our country. I hereby report, Unified prayer Juncha. Make tree Zheng, 哿 (twenty) two" Xiao Xu arrived in Kulun on October 29, departed for Beijing on November 21, and arrived in the capital of Beijing with glory and triumph on the 24th.In his life, this is the most glorious achievement. In just 22 days, he didn't need a single soldier.With one shot and one bullet, the work of returning Outer Mongolia to its territory was completed. After Xiao Xu returned to Beijing, in addition to reporting to the Beijing government, he also sent a telegram to Mr. Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai (November 24).Sun also sent a telegram on the 26th to congratulate him on his achievements. He said slightly: "Bide called and knew about the return of Outer Mongolia, and the four inside responded. There have been no Chen Tang, Ban Chao, and Fu Jiezi in our country for a long time. The deacon was in ten days It was built by the ancients, but it is unknown which one will heal. Since the early Qing Dynasty, the four descendants have brought two of them together, almost covering the country for hundreds of miles. The dispute between Outer Mongolia and Mongolia has lasted for seven years. This should be a source of joy and encouragement for the whole country.” This congratulatory message also aroused protests from the party member Ling Yue. Sun Yat-sen replied: "Xu's return to Mongolia has been more successful than Fu Jiezi and Chen Tang, and public opinion must be denied." In fact, since July and August this year, the Duan family has gradually made peace Sun Yat-sen approached.Because in the north, the two factions of Zhi and Anhui are gradually becoming separated, while in the south, Sun Jiu is squeezed out by the Guangxi faction. Now that Zhi Gui has formed an alliance, it is very natural for Duan Xi and Sun to get close. Liang Shiyi also sent a letter of congratulations to Xiao Xu, which said: "Fighting the snow to march north, to protect the country and the border, painstaking and far-sighted, it is fascinating" and so on. On November 30, the State Council meeting abolished the Kulundu Protectorate Office, transferred the Dudu Protector Chen Yi as General Yuwei, and handed over the affairs of Outer Mongolia to the Preparatory Border Mission Office. On December 1, the Beijing government explicitly sent Xu Shuzheng to supervise the affairs of Outer Mongolia. On the 2nd, Xu Shuzheng was specially appointed as the special envoy of the living Buddha of Outer Mongolia, and the deputy envoys were Enhua and Li Yuan. On the 15th, Duan Qirui led more than a hundred senior military officers to hold a farewell meeting in the Palace of Preservation and Harmony. On the 16th, Xu Shichang summoned him in Huairen Hall and ordered him to carry the gold seal of seven lions and give it to Jebtsundamba. The full text of the Canonization of Living Buddha is: "Outer Mongolia Bokdorje Butsundamba Hutuktu Khan, sponsored the abolition of self-government and sought permanent security for Outer Mongolia. His benevolence and philosophy are very worthy of honor. He was awarded the title of Outer Mongolia Yishan Fuhua Bokduojebu Zundanba Hutuktu Khan, honored with Zhao's honor. This order!" On December 27, Xu Shuzheng, Northwest Frontier Envoy and Canonized Special Envoy, arrived in Kulun.This time I came to Mongolia because I was a canonized special envoy, so I was warmly welcomed by the officials and people of Outer Mongolia. The lamas of the Outer Mongolia government, military merchants, and gentry all welcomed them ten miles away, and the people of Kulun lined the road to welcome them, and all the streets and shops hung flags to celebrate. The canonization ceremony was held on New Year's Day in 9 years. All the canonized officials fasted for three days in advance from the 29th to express their respect for the Buddha. The canonization ceremony was held on New Year's Day.The Beijing government also issued a decree on this day to award Xu Shuzhengxun two. So Xu Shuzheng started his ambition to govern Outer Mongolia carefully. In order to win the confidence of the Mongolians, he ordered the Shanxi people doing business in Outer Mongolia to deal honestly with the Mongolians as soon as he arrived in Mongolia.It turned out that the trade in Outer Mongolia at that time was mostly in the hands of Shanxi people. Shanxi people often used credit to lure Mongolians, that is, instead of cash transactions, they bought what they liked first, and set a time to return it. You can get what you like without cash, so you buy what you need and what you don't need, and Shanxi merchants have a prosperous business.The Mongolians trade with sheep instead of currency. If the price is agreed to be 100 sheep, the repayment period will expire at the end of the year.Shanxi merchants went to the Mongols to take away 140 sheep. The Mongols asked why they took 40 more sheep?Shanxi merchants said: "Sheep are going to give birth to lambs! Isn't it fair to have 40 more sheep than the 100 sheep at that time?" The Mongolian people were honest and thought it made sense, so they led them away. In fact, this is unreasonable. , One hundred sheep need to be fed, and the interest of 40 sheep will be increased in less than a year, which is really bullying the Mongols.On the one hand, Xu Shuzheng ordered Shanxi merchants not to allow such exploitation, and also ordered Mongolians not to pay on credit or bear usury. Even if they owe on credit, they are not allowed to pay or ask for additional sheep when they pay the bill. At the same time, Xiao Xu also established the Bianmeng Bank, the general manager is Li Zufa, and the banknotes issued are based on the camel team.And plant Tianjin Chinese cabbage in places where vegetables can be grown.Before that, Outer Mongolia had no vegetables to eat at all.In order to develop the underground resources of Outer Mongolia, he specially hired a chemistry professor from Germany, Bartai, to conduct a long-term investigation in order to draw up a development plan. If Xu Shuzheng had devoted himself to governing Outer Mongolia, with his talent and courage, he would have accomplished a lot in just a few years. Unfortunately, his ambition was not here, but his heart was elsewhere, so the situation changed soon.