Chapter 143 142. Xu Shichang became president

The Duan family decided to re-elect the president regardless of everything, while the Gui family in the south made every effort to extend Feng Guozhang's term as president. On August 31, 7, the Extraordinary Congress of Guangzhou declared that it will continue to convene law enforcement meetings and conduct presidential elections.All foreign treaties and laws promulgated by the Beijing government are considered invalid.Members of the political science department further advocated that Feng Guozhang be elected as the president. On September 2, the military government in Guangzhou issued a declaration denying that Anfu Congress had the right to elect a president. If a president was elected, Southwest would never recognize it.

Since Duan Xi was determined to be elected, in order to avoid accidents, he called a brigade of Fengjun and drove to Nanyuan.Zhang Zuolin petitioned the Beijing government to restore Zhang Xun's freedom, and Kang Youwei went to Beijing openly, so people inside and outside Beijing were full of enthusiasm, thinking that there would be a second restoration. On September 4, the Anfu National Assembly organized an election committee for the two chambers, with 436 members, and Xu Shichang was elected president with 425 votes.It is said that before voting, each member received an attendance fee and a photo autographed by Xu Shichang, and a few uncontrolled members bought each vote for 5,000 yuan, which was paid by the Huatong Bank run by the Anfu Department.Funding for the entire election was raised from Japanese loans.After the councilors voted, Duan's cabinet hired them as consultants and counselors with different social status, and paid dry salaries ranging from 200 yuan to 1,000 yuan per month.

On September 5th, the election of the vice president continued. Only 88 members of the two houses attended, and the meeting was aborted due to insufficient numbers.There were four candidates for the vice president, Feng Guozhang, Duan Qirui, Zhang Zuolin, and Cao Kun.Feng and Duan had promised to go to the field at the same time, Zhang Zuolin also voluntarily gave up, so only Cao Kun was left.The Transportation Department advocated not to choose Beiyang soldiers, so as to prevent the Southwest from going to extremes and allow Xu Shichang to launch peace.It was Liang Shiyi who actively advocated. Some Beiyang soldiers believed that Liang was from Cantonese and wanted to promote a southerner to become the vice president. However, Liang Shiyi said that he hoped to delay the election of the vice president so as to reserve someone who had contributed to the reunification and peace.Liang Zeng sent a letter to Beiyang soldiers expressing his opinion:

"The husband who advocates quick selection means that if Cao Shi is selected, the consolidation of the Beiyang system can be expected. The Beiyang system has been consolidated for many years, and the Beiyang system has been consolidated. It has been working hard in recent years, and it has not been slack. However, Shi Yi loves Beiyang If you love the country, you love the country; and if you love the country, you love the Beiyang family. Those who advocate quick elections to consolidate the Beiyang family know how to consolidate the Beiyang family, but they do not know that this is enough to split the country. The country is divided? Today, the President has ordered peace, and the country's scholars and businessmen are asking for a cessation of war. It is because peaceful reunification has become the same mentality of the whole country. If there is no unexpected resistance, peaceful reunification will be achieved. If Cao is elected quickly If you are appointed as the vice-chairman, the scholars and businessmen all over the country will inevitably become suspicious, and they will say that the central government has resumed the main battle, and the people in the southwest will think that they are expressing the intention of confronting the enemy, and that the already mature peace will finally be fruitless. This is enough to make the country The reason for the split is one. The Southwest has the same admiration for the person who is the chief, but they still attack each other with the law when it comes to the election of the chief. Attacking it will eventually endanger the chief seat. If so, the political situation will become more chaotic, and the peaceful reunification will be farther away. This is enough to split the country for two reasons. Before the deputy seat is elected, Southwest still has the hope of returning to its own If this hope is not exhausted, the chance of peaceful reunification still exists. If once elected, this hope will be eliminated, and they must elect themselves. There are three reasons for the division of the country. There are three reasons, so Shi Yi advocates that delaying the promotion is beneficial to the current situation.”

Because of this proposition, Liang Shiyi became enmity with Zhili. In the future, Liang's cabinet was strongly opposed by Wu Peifu, most of which were caused by this. After Xu Shichang was elected president, there was a song and telegram to resign modestly. This is a routine gesture of the bureaucrats of the Beiyang government.Electric cloud: "The establishment of the National Assembly coincides with the election of the president. It is because Shichang won the election. Shichang loves the people and loves the country, and he is not inferior to others. It was not in the name of selling high, and there is no fear of difficulties. The only thing is to think of the country. Shape, silently observe the shape of businessmen and people's connection, quality in the world, return to contempt, there are really people who are not old and can be competent. It is not humility. In fact, it is sincere. The words of the gentlemen below are fortunate to be heard! The Republic of China has been changing, and the turmoil has been repeated. Hope for peace is in vain, but the difficult and dangerous situation is even worse than it was at that time. Morals are not established, prestige is not good. Uncertainty, national defense is urgent, border disturbances are imminent, the European war is coming to an end, the changes in the world situation should be judged. Other facts are found, the situation is contradictory, the authorities, the princes, witnesses, and the chatter of Ning Qichang? Learning is ten times better than prosperity. At this time of hardship, you will be at a loss. This kind of patriotism will not help the country, and you must consider those who hesitate. The foundation of the country lies in the people, and it is the police from the fire, the disaster from the flood, and the stagnation of commerce. , Financial collapse, bandits looting, villages in ruins, mourning for the poor, nothing to tell. Officials have no way to govern, people rarely come to Su, and they have no time to plan for education, and Su can't breathe for a while. 忝Residents, what do you mean by that? Seeing the people who are displaced and suffering, who have no way to deal with the future, how can they bear to talk about policies and fool me to make up hooligans? Those who love the people can't protect them, and they are even more alarmed and insecure. .However, it is not without the ambition to clarify the false prosperity. Today, the disease is invading, and I am accustomed to idleness. I occasionally waste sleep and food when I am involved in state affairs. The wish to love the people must be more than enough sincerity, lack of energy, lack of concentration, anxiety, insufficiency of wisdom, carelessness, omissions and clear opinions. I am afraid that those who save the country will bring shame to the country, and even more afraid that those who save the people will become the people's disease. When there is no way to treat the people of our country, how can we treat the gentlemen? I have not believed it, and I dare not follow it. I am in danger, and I would like to tell you with sincerity. Balance the current situation, day-to-day hidden worries, hope and responsibility, help each other in difficulties, rise up the people's livelihood, and board the seats. The fate of the endangered country is tied to the bud mulberry. Although prosperity is in the wild, pray for it. Bangji It is very important that I dare not bear it. There must be a virtuous and handsome man in a difficult situation. Fortunately, the whole world is full of dust, so that he can be accepted. In addition to sending a letter of pleas to the Senate and the House of Representatives, and a letter to President Feng and the State Council, I hereby send a telegram .”

After the song telegram was sent out, the northern warlords of course unanimously urged Xu to take office as scheduled. Only the south discouraged Xu from taking office. "On the day of reading the song, I learned that it is illegal to elect a public president as the president. The public is wary of changes in the world and humbles himself. The public can carefully observe public opinion and is unwilling to pretend to be a high-ranking official. It is admirable. Only the public speaks, Although the counselor sighs too much for the corruption of the state affairs, the reason for the corruption has never been mentioned by the public. This Chunxuan and Tingfang cannot silently rest. The reason for the chaos is not one end, but the way to save the country is reason or There is no two. In a word, it is said: "Follow the law and abide by the law." The "Covenant Law" is entrusted by the state, and there are those who act out of the law in spite of it, and those who violate the law in the name of obeying the law. Both are enough to call for chaos. Since the Congress was illegally dissolved, the spirit of the "Convention Law" has been consumed. There is neither the desire to suppress the covetousness of the traitors, nor the anger of the people. He is evil, he regards it as a bandit and an enemy, he accuses Zhang of Zhang as an illusion, and accumulates over time, thinking that the Republic of China cannot be without a Congress, but it is formed with selfish intentions, and the president cannot be without a successor, but is elected illegally. Since the public is elected, the people of the country are deep I feel that Beiting has no sincerity to regret the misfortune, and it is impossible to measure the public will. The public can resolutely express to the public: "Illegal actions cannot be done, and actions that help chaos cannot be followed." In this way, the people of the country must uphold justice , that is, hating the Congress, or feeling that the public will know what to do with a single word. How dare the people of the country forget their achievements? It is a pity that although the public resigned, they did not have a single word to correct the election of the illegal Congress. I am worried The public did not investigate carefully, and was deceived by the traitors, and could not insist on not taking office. From now on, the state affairs will be difficult to deal with. What will the future generations of the world call the public? If there is a saying that the public will take office, and such and such provinces can negotiate peace separately Those who can abolish the National Congress and reorganize it; those who protect the provinces, if they do not obey, they can still be suppressed by force. These kinds of rumors are all trying to sit on the fire of the public, and the Republic of China will never be heard again. May the public hold it firmly Two ears, don’t listen to it. The public has been in politics for a long time, rich in experience, and wants to protect his reputation. It is better to follow the right track. Xuan, Qianxi, and old friends, love the country and the public, use special advice, fortunately, pay attention to it!”

Feng Guozhang received a letter from Xu Shichang, the content of which was the same as that of Gedian, and he wrote a letter to reply to Xu Shichang, urging him to come out. The meaning of the words is sincere, and the letter says: "I have received a large letter, with the establishment of the National Assembly, to elect my father as the President of the Republic of China. It is difficult for Yu Fensi to resign from a high position and not to live in it. He is humble and profound, with a unique standard, and this is an act of admiration. But reviewing the current situation of the country, and the pain felt by the people of the husband, waiting to be solved, and drowning need to be helped. There is still something to do in the world, why did the great gentleman come out of here? It’s a little expressive, fortunately, to observe! Over the past few years , Changing incidents, the leader has no exclusive rights, and the law has almost become a written document. Inside, the ax is looking for each other, and outside, the situation is getting worse. There is nothing more dangerous than today. ... However, if a dangerous building changes its pillars, or It can be freed from turmoil, but if you have a boat, why are you afraid of your husband's wind and waves? You don't suffer from lack of position, but you suffer from lack of talent; The vision of the world is in the embrace of economics. With the name of the Privy Councilor of the State Records, Fangzhen has many shogunate offices, a palace stands still, and thousands of streams go to it. Heaven is in China, with heavy responsibilities and legacy. Hope to hold the power of domination, build security and fight against it Great achievements, although the public is humble and self-grass, he is humble and thankful, but he wants to prolong the era of the republic and the end of the year. This is the public. In the ruins, the people hold thousands of miles of food, and the people lose the shelter of a rafter. The devastation is everywhere, the famine is full, and the people's schemes are not to be cherished, but the heart of heaven is not tired? For a sick saint, the kindness is hard to rot, but the sincerity can protect the world, the hostility may turn into auspiciousness, and the power of turning around is different from others. Compassion, if you are moved in the middle, you will surely be able to prepare for the barren spring. Avert the catastrophe of Shen Ming. You say that education is difficult, and you have a long-term mind. In fact, the solitary li who is waiting to be exhausted is already looking forward to you as old as you are. My husband worries about the country and loves the people like him, and the country and the country The needs of the people are the same as those of my father. Since safety is the most important thing, and I have to bear the fat and escape, I usually rely on morality and righteousness. I have to hope that my father will change his plan. If you worry about wasting in your old age, it will be enough The emptiness of imitation and indifference, but the strong body of the public gods, the group belongs to the rectification of the universe, although Zhuge Su is cautious, and Heng Wu is tired and diligent, but he can only look at his maturity, use his remaining resources, and use his resources to win his ears .Guo Zhang’s performance is incomparable, and he took over the political power absurdly. During a period of time, he left hundreds of clumps, litigated in the Qing Dynasty, was ashamed of his good use, replaced him in time, and his burden was relieved. The results will be effective in the future. My father is the heart of the commanders, and the people entrust him with his life. I look forward to taking office in a certain period of time and settling disputes early. People are afraid, their eyes and ears compete, and they all have the same psychology. I would like to spread the word, and I wish to say something long ago, and I will be dedicated to the restoration."

Xu Shichang is 64 years old this year. He is a veteran and important minister of Beiyang, not a warlord himself.In the former Qing Dynasty, the governor was appointed externally, and the military aircraft was held internally. In the Republic of China era, a detached attitude was regarded as a major political force.Yuan Keding called him a living Cao Cao, and the Anhui Department praised him at this time, just because he was a literati and did not have military power in his hands, so he would not organize a military group to fight for power and profit.At the same time, because Xu Shichang is a detached faction and a veteran, he can be used to disintegrate the direct lineage.Duan Qirui himself hopes to use Xu Shichang's hat to promote the great unity of the Beiyang faction centered on Duan.In fact, Duan's plan was completely wrong. Xu Shichang is an old vixen, a veteran of political conspiracy and a transparent crystal ball. He will not be willing to be someone else's puppet and stamping machine.

From the day Xu Shichang was elected president, he secretly instructed Liang Shiyi, Zhou Ziqi, the leaders of the old transportation department, and other non-Anfu faction members in the new Congress to organize another private political group to fight against the Anfu faction of the majority party. On October 10, 7, Xu Shichang became president and issued a declaration: "Shichang is not sensitive. I have been in politics for decades. I am worried about the rest of my life. I am prepared for the changes in the world. In recent years, I have closed my household to support my clumsy. I no longer hear about the current affairs. When the national situation is in dispute and the public is divided, I will still use up my advice and think about it. Hold on to it. Gai usually worries about the country, and he is not different from the sages of the time. But he does not want to be in power again in his old age. We should be able to see this sincerely. It is time to re-elect the president and be unanimously elected by Congress. Repeatedly Gong Zunchen, I will not accept my resignation. I think that the people of the country have entrusted them with great responsibility and have great responsibilities. They have taken office today according to law. However, things are changing and tending to extremes. What the people of our country hope for is also hoping to solve the current situation and promote Zhiping ears. The concern of prosperity is not the short-term success of eliminating chaos, but the basic plan of the state. It is not limited to the country's own plan, but must have the vision of the future world. Dare to be sincere and sincere, and serve the people of our country I'm telling you.

What the people of our country pay attention to today is the unification of the north and the south, and the method of seeking reunification should definitely respect peace.Peace cannot be achieved.would have to resort to force.It is to trace the traces of the past, and both have difficulties.If the people of the country were able to go to the opportunity with one heart and one mind, how could they cause frequent disturbances and seriously damage the national vein?Shichang takes saving the country and the people as the premise, and secretly wishes to seek the progress of unification with sincerity, and achieve the purpose of peace with perseverance.If you make Yan Qiang aware, you can expect to rest and recuperate, and the future of the Republic of China will have a few common people.Otherwise, to settle the dispute and eliminate the chaos, just relying on empty words, or to find each other by fraud, and to see you again in the army, the people of the country will sigh for the bitter soldiers, and the friendly countries will be tired of chaos.This has to be reported to the whole country first.

Although, this first solution to the overall situation of the moment is not the fundamental plan for building a country.Standing in the world and becoming a country, it must have special properties and functions for its use.my country's hukou proliferates, but livelihoods wither; products proliferate, but industry and commerce are still naive.It is necessary to apply the principle of people's livelihood and vigorously expand the industry, which is the fundamental plan at present.If you want to make the country long-term, you must first make everyone have a living.However, if the country is to become prosperous and strong, and to support other countries, it is especially necessary to make the industry of the whole country develop day by day.The land is fertile and suitable for agriculture, and the raw materials are safe and secure. If it is possible to gather financial resources and assist foreign capital, the reclamation will be popularized; Gradually have the concept of the country, and with the scientific knowledge of the husband, use the rich life, get twice the result with half the effort, ten years later, there will be considerable.The establishment of a country requires a plan, and there are hundreds of divisions, and the people of the whole country should devote all their efforts to the plan. ... Internal affairs can still be prioritized according to domestic capabilities, which are the most important relationship, and those that attract the attention of the world are international issues after the European War.Since the outbreak of the European War, our country has become a vertical trend. The obligation to participate in the war lies in our strength, and we can follow it.However, the frontier defense and military preparations are carried out at the same time, and the military and financial resources are not sufficient.The response is a little sparse, and the overall situation is affected.However, this is what Judi said in terms of the current situation.The European War is coming to an end, and the general situation of the world is bound to change. No matter how others treat me, in this vortex, I must seek the way to stand on my own.The war against the enemy is over, and the business war is just beginning, and the east and west are scattered, which is bound to be the place where entrepreneurs gather.I have not improved my civil affairs, and my internal affairs have not been repaired. If this continues for a long time, I will become trapped. It is dangerous. It is more than a hundred today, so I must have the power to rule. Then the rights of the country can be developed, and the status of the world can be maintained. Otherwise, we will be helpless, the national foundation is in jeopardy, and there is no diplomacy to speak of?The key to the survival of this country, officials, businessmen and people all over the country must think deeply about it. ... When Chang is in office for a day, he must be based on this idea to promote it. The nature of 硁硁 is always used in order to refresh the state affairs and revitalize the last customs.All citizens of our country should urgently encourage each other.... " Xu Shichang, whose name is Ju, was born in Tianjin County, Zhili.In his early years, he went to Henan with his father as a school teacher. Because of his friendship with Yuan Shikai, Yuan Yiju assisted Xu to go to Beijing to take the exam.When Yuan Xiaozhan was training soldiers, Yan Xu was the chief copywriter, and later he was promoted step by step to become the first Minister of the Patrol Department and the first governor of the three eastern provinces.After the death of the Empress Dowager West, Yuan was ordered to take care of her illness and returned to hermit Huan Shang. Although Xu was a member of the Yuan Party, he was still a very popular Han official in the Xuantong era. Yuan Dongshan, the old man of 1911, made a comeback, and Xu was also the most powerful person who ran from it. .Before Yuan Hongxian proclaimed himself emperor, he welcomed Xu from Qingdao to Beijing and served as Secretary of State.After Yuan's death, Xu returned to Tianjin.He's a moody, crystal-ball politician.Although Yuan used Xu a lot, he didn't pretend to be powerful. Xu harbored resentment towards Yuan without revealing it.After Yuan's death, he became a well-respected veteran of the Beiyang School. Those with the same status as him, such as Zhang Jian and Tang Shaoyi, although they had a deep relationship with Yuan, were not popular and supported by the Beiyang School.If you use modern political terms to describe Xu Shichang, he used Taitotalism to deal with the two major factions of the Beiyang Department between Feng and Duan.Wang Yitang, the leader of Duan's Anfu clan, was Xu's disciple.Duan Dou defeated Feng, but he himself did not want to be named president, so he pushed Xu out of the mountain. Politicians in old China all had a set of heretics, and Xu was no exception. He was proficient in public opinion. He believed that the first three presidents of the Republic of China did not end well because of bad feng shui in the presidential palace. The address of the hospital moved between each other, and they worked in their own private houses before the final move. In order to fulfill his promise to step down at the same time as Feng, Duan Qirui asked to resign after Xu Shichang took office as president, and became a full-time war supervisor.The Prime Minister is represented by Qian Nengxun. Xu Shichang's change of the feng shui of the presidential palace cannot change the political atmosphere in Beijing, so he has to inherit the mantle of his predecessors Li Yuanhong and Feng Guozhang, and has friction with Duan Qirui. This is not due to feng shui, but Duan Qirui's excessive Bossy, so that the president has no other choice but to be obedient and govern.Xu's policy can't bring forth the new, he still has to rely on Cao Kun and Wu Peifu to fight against Duan Qirui. Xu not only pulls Cao Wu, straight line, but also the old transportation department, and expresses a friendly attitude towards the research department, and monthly subsidizes party fees. Later, he put a lot of emphasis on the new traffic department, but he didn't pretend to be serious about the old traffic department, so neither of these two departments had a good impression of Duan. The old politician naturally has his own way. He wants to play the leading role in "Peace Old Man", so he must leave the seat of vice president to the south or someone who has contributed to peace. Cao Kun's dream of running for vice president fell through.The Anhui Department advocated continuing to use force against the South, and he asked Qian Nengxun to act as the Prime Minister to advocate peace. However, he left Duan a way, let Duan carry out his loan for participating in the war and organize the participating army. This is Duan's new lifeline. Duan believes that the dream of unifying China can be realized after the new participating army is trained. Don't touch this point of the paragraph.Therefore, Xu Duan can still get along with each other. Xu Shichang was the fifth president in the history of the Republic of China. He took office on October 10, 7th year of the Republic of China. Although there were five presidents in the Republic of China, there was a wonderful coincidence. People in the country had never seen the handover ceremony of the old and new presidents.Mr. Sun Yat-sen handed over the interim president in Nanjing, and Yuan Shikai assumed the interim president in Beijing. Later, Yuan Shikai died of anger at the failure of the imperial system. Li Yuanhong succeeded the president as vice president. The great president, Feng is of a temporary nature.None of Yuan Li's presidents came to the handover date. After Xu Shichang was elected president by the Anfu Department, he solemnly asked Qian Nengxun, the chief of the interior, for the ceremony. Take the example of a republic and an advanced country as a blueprint.” So Xu Naidian, Minister Gu Weijun to the United States, and Minister Hu Weide to France.Gu Weijun replied: "The President of the United States is inaugurated, presided over by the President of Dali, and a platform is built outside the Dali Court. The mansion met with the old president, saluted each other, exchanged eulogies, and after the speeches, the old president left the mansion, and the new president went to the parliament to be sworn in." Xu read the telegram, but put it aside. At 8:30 a.m. on October 10, Feng Guozhang sent Qian Nengxun and Huang Kaiwen, the chief ceremonial official of the presidential palace, to welcome Xu. At 9 o'clock, Feng went from Jurentang to Huairentang, and Xu Tong bowed three times to the national flag. After the ceremony, Feng Dongxiang delivered a eulogy, Xu Xixiang gave a reply, bowed to each other, and the ceremony officer sent Feng back to his residence. In Rentang, Feng moved out of the mansion and retired to a private apartment in Mao'er Hutong outside Di'anmen. At 10 o'clock, Xu read the oath to the speaker and members of the Juren Hall in the south. After the speech, he turned to the north and bowed to the national flag three times with the speaker and members. After the ceremony, the speaker and members turned to the east. Read the inauguration declaration at the podium.After finishing the reading, each bowed three times to congratulate, the diplomatic corps entered to congratulate at 10:30, and the Qing room representatives entered to congratulate at 11:00. Xu Shichang's first order after becoming president was: Cabinet Prime Minister Duan Qirui resigned and approved, and the Minister of Internal Affairs Qian Nengxun was appointed to act as the prime minister.Xu wanted to follow Li Yuanhong's example to Mr. Sun Yat-sen and hire Feng Guozhang as his top adviser, but Feng followed Sun's example and expressed his disapproval. The dispute between Feng and Duan has come to an end here, and it can be said that both sides have lost. Feng trapped Duan in fact, and Duan defeated Feng in law.However, Duan was still sitting in the post of supervising the participation in the war, and still had his power. After he stepped down, he actually seized eight newspapers in Beijing at one time, because these newspapers contained a large loan of 100 million yuan.As for Feng, he hid in Mao'er Hutong's private apartment and became the real president who stepped down, and he didn't care about it. Although Duan promoted Xu, Xu was not a puppet after he came to power. He had his own way, and his way was similar to Feng's. Feng's policies during his tenure as president were not bad. It can also be said that he is in line with the wishes of the entire Chinese people and seeks peace. The position is right.After he stepped down, he lived in Maoer Alley depressed.One year later, on December 28, 8, Feng Guozhang, the three heroes of Beiyang and former president, died of illness lonely at the age of sixty-two.When he was critically ill, he summoned Zhang Yiling to dictate his last words to Xu Shichang. He hoped that the peace would be achieved soon, and regretted that he could not see the reunification in person.After his death, national flags flew at half-mast for three days in mourning.