Chapter 142 141. Anfu Congress

After the revision of the Organic Law of the National Congress in 1920 was promulgated by Wang Shizhen's cabinet on February 17, the Beijing government ordered the Ministry of the Interior to prepare the Congressional Affairs Bureau and prepare for the congressional elections in accordance with the revised law.In order to consolidate the power of the National Assembly, Duan Xi, supported by Xu Shuzheng behind the scenes, organized the Anfu Club to manipulate the election.The Anfu Club was transformed from the Zhonghe Club, which is also a parliamentary organization of the Duan family.The Anfu Club was established on March 7, 7.Its leaders are Wang Yitang, Wang Yinchuan, Guangyunjin, Liu Enge, Huang Yunpeng, Tian Yinghuang, Ke Xiketu and so on.

During the Civil War, the five provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan all opposed the election of the new Congress. Due to the war, Hunan, Hubei, and Shaanxi also had irregular elections. Only 14 provinces actually got elected.Election results: Anfu department won a big victory, with 330 seats, the old transportation department won 120 seats, and the research department only won more than 20 seats.In the old Department of Transportation, Liang Shiyi was still the leader, Zhu Qiqian, Zhou Ziqi, and Ye Gongchuo were the giants, and Long Jianzhang, Shen Yunpei, and Liang Hongzhi were all famous figures.There is also the New Transportation Department, which worked hard for Duan Qirui when he was begging Zhang Xun. Among its leaders, Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu, Ding Shiyuan, etc., many of them are famous pro-Japanese factions.As for the Department of Research, after Zhang Xun’s failure, it united with Duan to gain power. When Duan formed the cabinet, most of the cabinet members were from the Department of Research. After that, it fell into a slump, so there were only more than 20 seats in the new Congress.

After the election, the new congressmen reported to Beijing before August 1, 2007 according to the convening order. On August 12, the Senate was dissolved and a new Congress was established. Because the new Congress was organized by the Anfu Department, it was also called the "Anfu Congress". On August 20, the House of Representatives elected Wang Yitang, the leader of the Anfu Department, as the speaker, and Liu Enge as the vice speaker. On the 22nd, the Senate elected Liang Shiyi, the former leader of the Transportation Department, as the speaker, and Zhu Qiling as the vice speaker.

The formation of this Congress was mostly done by improper methods. The Duan cabinet paid 10 million yuan in election fees, and the list of members was delineated in advance.For example, Shandong was divided into four electoral districts, and each district paid 105,000 yuan in election fees, and the Shandong governor ordered the four Daoyin to be elected according to the delineated list.Another example is that Wang Yitang sent his nephew, Wang Bingkun, as Xiangjiang Daoyin, to Hunan to organize the election of the new Congress, and appointed Zhou Bo, Luo Zhengwei, Wang Yi and more than ten people to be elected. Due to the results of the voting, not all of them were elected. Tickets are put into the ticket box.Make the people who were originally delineated rank first on the list.In Jiangsu, on May 20, when Jiangning County held the election of members of the House of Representatives, all public schools in the city were closed for one day. At the polling stations in the first and second districts, a group of elementary school students were ordered to line up to vote. They walked in through the front door and walked out through the back door. Then turn back to the front door and go in to vote, and repeat this cycle many times.In addition, there are also unreported voters. For example, there were 298,000 voters in the seven counties of Yangzhou in the previous election, and 299,000 in Jiangdu County alone in this election; Funing County alone has 252,800 people; Yizheng County has a population of 108,000 people, but 100,400 people have been included in the electoral roll.

Members of the Anfu department pay an attendance fee of 300 yuan in advance before the meeting. The deputy speaker of the House of Representatives, Liu Enge, has no name. It turns out that he is a member of Fengtian nationality. Zhang Zuolin supports him, so he must be elected as the deputy speaker. Before the opening of the "Anfu" Congress on August 12, Acting President Feng Guozhang announced by telegram that he would not run for president.Electric cloud: "Guozhang has served the Republic of China for seven years. There have been many changes and hardships. Last year, the foundation of the country was shaken. Fortunately, the Prime Minister and the warlords worked together to restore the Republic. At that time, President Li Da resigned repeatedly. The power of the head of state has no sustenance. In all respects, the "Convention Law" has provisions on acting powers, and the "Presidential Election Law" has a clear statement of agency. There is no way to escape from reprimand and urging. Guozhang knows that he is not good enough to insult the great position, but because of respect for the law, I have no choice but to replace it with humility. Thinking about the spirit of the "Yuefa", one is the unification of the Republic of China, and the other is the peace of the Republic of China. Guozhang came here with these two hopes in order to implement the spirit of the fundamental law. There is no one I have no self-interest, but I hope that I will not violate the law, so as to avoid crimes. It has been more than a year since I took office as an agent, and seeking the so-called unity and peace is like a dream. Then Guozhang is alone, and the dead body is to blame. The ancients said: "Being good is not enough to govern, and mere law cannot be self-sufficient." He also said: "Gou is not a person, and the way is not in vain." There is no error in the spirit, but sincerity is not enough to move people, faith is not enough to convince the public, virtue is not enough to control the world, and benefit is not enough to benefit the people, so that the soldiers are exposed to the outside world, and the people are sad and miserable. Optimistic, although there are virtuous cabinet officials and loyal and brave colleagues, because Guozhang alone is not enough to set an example, he has no way to develop his will to benefit the country and the people. Those who are enough to confess to the world are only self-knowledge and self-blame All in all, avoid high positions quickly and wait for those who can. Today, the period of probation is about to expire, and the National Assembly will hold a meeting. At this moment, I hope that the members of the National Assembly will each have a conscience, a public opinion, and a good reputation. , Those who are enough to restore unification and peace, with the spirit of the "Contract Law", the country will be solidified and hidden dangers will be eliminated. Guozhang Fang prayed for the country day and night, pleaded for the people, and repented for the crimes of the past year. Emperor Tian Houtu, Learn from this heart. If it is said that Guozhang has an intention to fall in love and suspects it through competitive elections, this is a rumor from outside the bureau. How do you know the guilt in the bureau? Gai Guozhang is eager for the quick success of the Congress and the stability of the current situation. Yes, the slightest sense of entitlement has been completely washed away. If the survival of the country is the responsibility of everyone, even if the country is in the field, if there is any one who can achieve the goal of unity and peace and fulfill the obligations of a member of the nation, he must do his best. It is to see, dare not to say goodbye. Dare to spread the heart, and to respect the sages."

Feng Guozhang's telegram was well received both at home and abroad, because he emphasized national unity and peace, and he gave up running for president, all of which can win people's sympathy.Especially for the southern military government, when Feng Dian was published, the Guangdong military government immediately sent a telegram in response. "Dating back from the Southwest Xingshi to the establishment of the military government, Yu Dharma has repeatedly stated that, except for the vice president to act as the president to perform duties, the military government has no room for tolerance for any behavior of Beijing's illegal government. It is the president's law. The term of office is short, and the general election is imminent. Beijing's self-organized organization, known as the National Congress, will actually be engaged in the election. The military government's emphasis is on Faer, who has no tolerance for it, so it doesn't matter who the candidate is. What you do depends on whether the person's actions are legal or not. Gou Beijing illegally uses the power of the National Assembly, and hastily used his power to vote rashly. No matter who he chooses, he will never recognize it. I hereby announce that I will let you know. .”

Wu Peifu, who was in Hunan on August 7, actually called Li Chun, denouncing the subjugation policy of unification by force, opposing elections that arranged public opinion, and civil wars against the background of external forces.Here is a heart-warming telegram: "Military disasters, wars for many years, tens of millions of money spent, dozens of provinces ruined, useful troops shattered, and excellent equipment lost. Even if the same species is slaughtered, it is very sad.  … This time I was ordered Coming from the south, knowing that the struggle against the wall is not a blessing for the country, but in order to maintain the prestige of the central government, it has no choice but to use force to promote peace.... The central government misunderstood Xiao Xiao's conspiracy and insisted on force. It is an enemy country, and it actually uses peace talks as a conspiracy.... The country's death by foreign enemies is a crime for the soldiers, and the country's death by internal strife is also a shame for the soldiers. This time the central government's aid to Guangdong in Pingchuan is actually a policy of subjugation of the country. Although the soldiers regard obedience as the first priority It is a bounden duty, but it should be followed internally according to its importance and interests. It is not disobedience. Half of the election of members is bad. Not only is it hard to see good results in this kind of Congress, but the judiciary must be under the command of the executive, which is extremely corrupt, and the government is not bound by the law. If we continue to use military force to quell the civil strife, we are afraid that we will die soon. Second, if our country declares war on Germany and Austria, if we use military force to engage in internal conflicts, the importance will be reversed, and outsiders will be laughed at. Once the agreement is reached, internal strife will continue, and external aggression will be impossible. 3. The internal strife lasts for more than a year, and the military expenses are all borrowed, and the loan is used to kill the compatriots. On the contrary, if Fu misfortune Hunan by being aggressive, Xu killed Lu by breaking the law, and reversed the government's rewards and punishments, but still blamed people for rebellion, how can it be called peace! The commanders of our army, division and brigade all agree with each of the above reasons. Test the mentality of the southern army, and they are unwilling to fight. Use special telegrams, please cooperate with the two governors of Hubei and Jiangxi to electrify the north and the south to promote peace, so that the former enemies and soldiers of both sides can respond in unison. I agree with Sri Lanka's proposal."

This telegram was a serious blow to Duan's prestige.In the past, although the three governors of the Yangtze River had electrified peace, they had never scolded Duan so mercilessly, and even the southwestern provinces had never scolded Duan so fiercely. On August 21, Wu Peifu took the lead in publishing a horse report asking Feng Guozhang to order peace. "The President's right to negotiate peace and declare war is allowed by the "Convention Law". It is still the same externally, but it is not illegal to advocate peace at home. I implore the President to still follow the spirit of the "Convention Law" and issue a clear order to stop war with the whole country, so as to serve the north and the south. The army has spare power and is united with the outside world. Be careful not to rest your shoulders with light thoughts when the term of the post expires. Especially hope that my economic strategy and the three governors of the Yangtze River will look forward to the difficulties of the head of state. Although the question is not dared to be asked by the teachers, the new and old congresses are separated, and there is no unified spirit between the north and the south, so how can there be real public opinion! If the election is not over when the war is still going on, it will not only be inconsistent with the law, but also may promote the split of the Republic of China... …”

Ma Dian did not get a reply from Feng, but the three governors of the Yangtze River had a proposal to resolve the current situation first and then elect the president.Duan believed that this was Feng's political conspiracy to delay the presidential election. He ordered Zhang Zuolin to issue a telegram (24th) and Ni Sichong (25th), advocating the continued use of troops against South Korea. Wu "the teacher's rank is low and he has no say in the overall situation". Duan said that it is good for Wu to be humble and low. He is only a division commander, but because he is stationed at the front line and has a good military discipline, he is now a blockbuster.

Wu Peifu let out a lion's roar with a division commander, which shocked the political situation in the north, and even made Feng Guozhang and his old chief Cao Kun uneasy. Cao Kun You Yangdian (22nd) gently reprimanded Wu: "Mr. It’s really unreasonable.” Later, Cao heard that Duan was very angry about this, so he sent a telegram (26th) to reprimand Wu: “Don’t believe in rumors, and follow the central plan. From Tianjin to Baoding, heading south today." Cao sent this telegram because he was in Tianjin, and Zhang Zuolin was also in Tianjin. At this time, Tianjin's power had fallen into the hands of the Fengjun, and the Fengjun was increasing its troops in Yangcun, while Xu Shuzheng is a ruthless character who turns his face and denies anyone.Therefore, Wu Peifu sent telegrams one after another, which threatened him greatly, because Wu Peifu's account must be charged to him, so he sent telegrams to reprimand Wu, and on the other hand, he left Hukou, Tianjin, and went to Baoding. Baoding was his base camp. Baoding is much safer than Tianjin.Feng Guozhang also issued a message of excuse: "Mr. Wu is very emotional,... it is better to negotiate with each other first, and not to be famous immediately."

However, Wu Peifu continued to connect to the telegram, and he sent a telegram (on the 22nd) to send the full text of the telegram to Feng Guozhang to newspapers across the country for publication. Wu's telegram immediately received a response from the southwestern generals. Tan Haoming and Tan Yankai sent Wu's Yang telegram (23rd): "I read the horse telegram, the righteousness is awe-inspiring, and I deeply admire it. It has been conveyed to Wuming (Lu Rongting) and Xilin (Cen Chunxuan) for their unanimous opinion, and they have sent telegrams to all provinces in the southwest, thinking that Luozhong should respond." Tan Haoming, Tan Yankai, and Chen Bingkun (the new governor of Guangxi) have a joint power survey (28th).Mo Rong Xinyou Shidian (31st).Xiangxi general Tian Yingyi and others had Yudian (September 6).Liu Xianshi has a telegram (September 16).Tang Jiyao sent a telegram (September 24). Wu Yi's blockbuster made Duan very angry, so he sent a respectful telegram (August 24).Blame Wu for "being incited by others and not obeying the orders of the central government." The respectful telegram said: "The division commander and the soldier should fulfill their duty of obedience. Otherwise, how will you control them? The relationship between the responsible cabinet consolidates the center of the country, and government orders come from them. Those who seek self-interest cannot oppose them. They dare not oppose them. Yin makes people oppose them. In other words, it is to destroy the country and cause people to violate the rules and regulations. Zhou, I should blame myself, and stop talking about politics in the future." At the same time, Zhang Zuolin also sent a telegram of respect (on the 24th), and Ni Sichong sent a telegram of forgiveness (on the 26th) advocating fighting to the end in the southwest.Of course, Wu was criticized in the telegram, but he was also dissatisfied with Cao Kun.Cao Kun, who was in the north, was quite embarrassed, so he sent a re-examination telegram in Baoding (26th), notifying the northern provinces that: "When I received Mr. Wu's horse telegram, I was so angry that I immediately sent a reprimand. The text said: Ma Dian, I misunderstood the head of state's text message, and actually sent a telegram to advocate peace. I just went ahead and forgot all my duties as a general. The teacher and others insisted on it many times. In my own opinion, the words of Lu Rongting and Zhao Hengti are believed to be credible and affect the overall situation. This is the misfortune of the country, and it is also caused by my lack of morality. I still have a breath, and I will never bear to sit and watch this teacher and others be fooled and fall into the country. It is dangerous. You should wake up quickly and get rid of nonsense. You are stupid by nature, but you only know how to support the central government and serve orders. Now that the teacher and others are doing this, it is because the traitors instigated and want to destroy our Beiyang group. Now Baoding, Going south today, planning to proceed." Both the Anhui faction and the main combat faction blatantly accused Cao Kun of being a traitor of the Beiyang group and a duplicity villain.Cao Kun's situation at this time is the same as Li Chun's situation not long ago. He has to be busy answering criticisms from all sides every day.He was moved again (on the 27th) and said: "Yesterday, I received a telegram from Master Wu, asking for the withdrawal of troops without permission. Ni Sichong was also moved (on the 27th) to persuade Wu Peifu to focus on the Beiyang group, and tried his best to defend the policy of unification by force.He said: "Our country's external troubles are actually due to internal divisions. If we don't seek unity, we will never be able to explain it to the outside world.... After the fall of Changyue, his subordinates invited troops to recruit troops, and first urged Xiangfan. After going down to Changyue, they fought for thousands of miles. As for Hengyang, the merits At that time, if one's name will be passed down to future generations, if he presides over the peace talks suddenly, not only will the reputation of his subordinates be ruined in hundreds of battles, but tens of millions of lives will be lost, and tens of millions of military pay will be lost. ?” Wu Peifu went his own way in Hengyang, completely ignoring the opposition and condemnation from the north.Because Duan Qirui sent a respectful telegram (August 24) to reprimand Wu for saying, "I have been with you for many years, and my education may not be enough."He replied with Youdian (26th), calling Duan "my teacher" and comparing himself to "Zhengzi". Teacher education." Duan's telegram said, "Soldiers should fulfill their bounden duty of obedience." Wu's telegram replied: "Students directly obey Cao Envoy, and indirectly obey the Grand Marshal of the Army and Navy (referring to Acting President Feng). The Grand Marshal hopes for peace, and the whole country knows it. The Economic and Strategic Envoy expressed peace in Han, and the students followed it. Get over it." Wu simply stated here that there is no need to obey the Prime Minister.The most striking thing about him in Youdian is his open attack on Zhang Zuolin. He said: "Jin Yiyang, in order to get rid of Feng Juxu, Yinshi turned the court back and restored it, and offended Ji Gang, nothing more. The barbarian army (referring to Fengjun) was all over Jifu, and Lei Zhenchun, Zhang Zhenfang, Wan Shengchen, Hu Siyao and others fled to Jinmen. The secret connection with a certain governor is proof." Next, Wu Youjian sent a telegram (28th) to Duan, denying the Lord and being deceived by others. He said: "Advocating peace is based on the heart of the students. They are not being provoked or fooled by others. ... The general trend is that there is no peace, and if the central government can appreciate democracy ... it is a manifestation of peace. Southwest It must be within my scope, and it is really within the grasp of the students.... If you are honored and asked, then the southerners will not rebel, and you will guarantee it for ten years. If it is invalid, the students will be able to equalize it with the strength of a teacher." Cao Kun still had no choice but to reprimand Wu Peifu in Baoding, so on August 30th he sent a telegram to Wu saying: "Thank you for the telegram, citing scriptures and classics, talking nonsense, it's not okay to apply to the same, Gu can make rash comments in front of the elders? I would rather not know that Zhi Kui (referring to Duan Qirui) will rebuild the republic, pay less attention to rights, and only care about the overall situation. Invited by colleagues , had to go out of Dongshan again, the reason why peace cannot be made in a hurry is because the southerners rebelled.... The call said that declaring war and negotiating peace is the prerogative of the president. On the way of the crusade. He also discussed all kinds of nonsense. The teacher believed it to be true, so why did he keep it so dark.... Zhi Kui has always been tolerant, and he has a teacher-student friendship with the teacher, so he should send a telegram to thank him politely. Fortunately, don't show off your pride again, so as to give others an excuse. This is the most important thing." Wu Peifu sees the situation in the north very clearly. He understands that Duan Qirui is just a false leader in the Beiyang faction today, without a strong and solid backing; These are selfish paper tigers.It's okay to be noisy, but if it's real, it won't come.Therefore, although he was only a division commander, he swallowed the north and the south, and regarded the predecessors of the Beiyang faction as worthless, so he dared to say: "If the truce order is not allowed, the division commander will wait for the crime, and please send someone to take over. " It's not that Cao Kun doesn't love Wu, but because he is in the north, it's hard to express his preference. However, he doesn't know that Wu is his political capital.However, he had no choice but to reprimand Wu by telegram, and recorded the telegram to inform the northern provinces.He even sent out Shidian (August 31) to show that he is indifferent to fame and fortune, implying that he does not want to be the vice president.He inspected the army in Baoding to replenish his strength, and asked the Beijing government to send five million yuan to prepare for going south. On the 31st, Wu Peifu replied to Cao Kun with a telegram, expressing his determination to make peace: "Once the peace is achieved, it will be a crime to go north to protest." Not all the soldiers in the north opposed Wu Peifu's peace. For example, Yang Chunpu, the commander of the 19th Division, sent a telegram (25th) in response to the horse telegram.The 19th Division was originally stationed in Jiangsu, but has just been transferred to Jiangxi. Wu Peifu forwarded all sympathy and response telegrams to newspapers across the country for publication. It was not until this time that Duan Qirui decided to postpone the policy of unification of force. On August 31, the State Council decided to order the former enemy troops to temporarily take the defensive position. At the same time, Duan Fa Shidian announced (on the 31st) that he will retire after the government reorganization, Dian Yun: "In the past, the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou were independent. Qirui followed the Ming order and engaged in crusades. According to the momentum of complete victory, Qirui suddenly advocated the theory of mediation. Qirui took the blame and begged for rest. The central party was engaged in mediation, while Changyue lost power, and Jingxiang was in trouble. At that time, Qirui devoted himself to organizing the border and was unwilling to consolidate the political power. The President personally urged me to exchange letters and telegrams with my colleagues. I was forced to bear the burden. Since I was appointed, I still regard unity as my mission and peace as my hope. , with one heart and one mind with the President, ready to save the catastrophe. Time flies, but the unified situation will take time, the soldiers are exhausted, and the people are suffering. Now that the Congress is completed, the Presidential Election Union will be organized, and the head of state will change When he was in office, that is, when the political situation was reconvened, Qirui should retire in time, so I first served.... All the armies of the former enemies hope that they will immediately improve their combat readiness and strictly guard against incitement. Those who are responsible for the locality. For the people of the country, there is an unshirkable responsibility.” This telegram was sent when the Congress controlled by the Anfu faction had already met and re-elected the president, and the time was ripe to legally overthrow Feng. The president was manipulated by Duan, and Duan still retained the position of supervising the participation in the war, so Duan's resignation was still on stage, but Feng's resignation was really resignation. The struggle between Feng Duan and Feng Duan failed after the Anfu Congress was held.