Chapter 112 111. Overseer Regiment Puts Pressure Again

On May 18, the 6th year of the Republic of China, the Beijing English-language "Beijing News" revealed the secret news of China-Japan arms loans.It turned out that the Japanese government decided to lend 10 million yen to China in exchange for hiring Japanese technicians and managers to manage China's arms industry and Japanese military attaches to train Chinese troops participating in the war. In early May, the Japanese government sent Deputy Chief of Staff Tanaka to China under the pretense of inspecting the situation along Jiaoji Road, but in fact it was to inspect the Chinese arsenal and to make further contact with Duan.When this news came out, the people of the whole country were shocked, and it was another heavy blow to the crumbling Duan cabinet.Chen Youren, the editor-in-chief of the English-language Beijing News, was arrested on the day he revealed the news.

Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shaoyi, Cen Chunxuan and others sent telegrams from Shanghai expressing severe punishment to the thugs who threatened the Congress, which also strengthened the determination of the members of Congress who belonged to the Kuomintang.Sun Yat-sen also personally requested Congress to veto the declaration of war against Germany first, and not to focus on the issue of the cabinet. During the meeting of the House of Representatives on the 19th, member Chu Fucheng moved: "The case of declaring war on Germany was originally submitted to Congress in the name of the President. Why did the three speeches calling for a vote be in the name of the State Council? The State Council should issue an official document. It should be decided by the State Council. But now there is only the prime minister and no state conference has been held, so I think this communication is not formal. Before the cabinet is reshuffled, this case should not be discussed.” The motion was passed with the majority.Since then, Congress and Duan have also entered a new stage of close combat and irreconcilable confrontation.

Since the resumption of the National Congress, members of the Kuomintang have organized their own small groups, and their forces have been dispersed. Therefore, the research department focuses on the fact that the second political party occupies a dominant position in the Congress.Because Duan commanded the Overseer Corps and organized the "citizens' regiment" to threaten Congress to pass the war against Germany, all members outside the research department were angered, and they were forced to reunite on the common demand of the cabinet. Since then, the members of the research department have been living in isolation. The position of few supporters, the research department's two propositions of maintaining the Duan cabinet in the National Assembly and passing the declaration of war against Germany have fallen into despair.In addition, the research department's claims about the Constitution also failed in the second reading meeting to discuss the Constitution.Therefore, the Research Department has a new feeling about the Congress, feeling that this Congress is still dominated by the majority of the Kuomintang, and it is not a powerful weapon for them.They saw that Duan and the Congress were at odds, and under Duan's instruction, the Overseer Group was going to take steps to force the President to dissolve the Congress, so they actually had an illusion that after the Congress was dissolved, they would rely on the power of the Beiyang warlords in the election of the new Congress , defeated the Kuomintang and promoted the party to the largest party in Congress.Based on this fantasy, they did not unite with all parties to save the fate of the Congress at the critical moment when the Congress was about to be overrun by force. .

On the same day that the House of Representatives decided to postpone the discussion of the diplomatic case, the Army Overseer held an emergency meeting in the Ni residence, and important figures from the Research Department openly attended the meeting.The Legion of Overseers decided to take the last step, putting pressure on the Congress to pass the declaration of war against Germany, otherwise the Overseers would jointly petition the President to dissolve the Congress; Fight the President to the end. They were reminded that it was inappropriate to do so, since Congress had not rejected the entry into war, but only postponed the discussion, which had been stimulated by the threat of a "Citizens Corps" to Congress, and because of a broken and incomplete Cabinet, for all these reasons. tenable.Furthermore, it is not a decent thing for the military to openly interfere with diplomacy and use it as an excuse to sabotage Congress.Therefore, it is better to petition the President to dissolve the Congress on the pretext that the draft constitution passed during the second reading of the Constitution seriously violates the spirit of constitutionalism.

The Overseers, who knew nothing about the law, thought this idea was better than theirs, and decided to implement it.Ni Sichong also added another opinion, that is, if the president refused to dissolve the Congress, all the military governors would jointly resign, announcing that they would not be responsible for local security, and everyone applauded in unison.However, someone reminded them that it is not appropriate to do so, because the constitution has not yet been completed, and it would be too early to ask for the dissolution of the Congress under the pretense that the Constitution is bad. Congress refused to make corrections, and then petitioned the President to dissolve Congress.In addition, the appointment of the warlords not to leave Beijing may have another consequence. If the president ordered the Beijing military and police to monitor everyone's actions, wouldn't they become political prisoners and useless.The joint resignation may also lead to an opposite consequence. The warlord can intimidate the president by threatening to resign in his own territory. If he resigns in Beijing, if the president approves it all and everyone's subordinates take over, wouldn't he be relieved of himself? Armed, become unarmed.Therefore, when the president refuses to dissolve the Congress, it is better to leave Beijing and return to the defense line to resist.

On the same day, the Legion of Governors used the method of driving fast to submit a petition to the Legislative Assembly to amend the draft constitution. The full text is as follows: "Stealing the country depends on the law to survive, and the law is based on the constitution. Therefore, whether the constitution is good or not is actually the pivot of the country's survival. Enyuan has been in Beijing for more than a month, and has witnessed the crisis of the political situation. It is difficult to change the plan for the better, but in several articles of the constitution passed by the second reading of the Constitutional Conference a few days ago, if the House of Representatives has a resolution that does not trust the state servants, the president can remove the state servants or dissolve the House of Representatives, but the dissolution must be approved by the Senate Agreed. The president does not need the countersignature of the state minister to appoint and dismiss the prime minister. The resolutions of the two houses have the same effect as the law, which is really shocking and abnormal. Check the responsible cabinet system, and the cabinet is responsible to the Congress. Agree, or Congress proposes impeachment, then the cabinet may be resigned, or the Congress may be dissolved, and appealing to the people is a relative right and responsibility, but it can be maintained on an equal footing. Today, it can only be dissolved when there is a resolution of no confidence. Husband’s policy I disagree. There are still policies to rely on. This is the case of impeachment, and there are still charges to be pointed out. The so-called distrust of the cloud is empty and groundless. In constitutional countries, there are few examples and there is no clear text. It should be an unlimited dissolution, but now it is limited to the consent of the Senate. There is no difference in the nature of the Senate and the House of Representatives in our country. The defense is self-conscious. If you want to dissolve the House of Representatives with the consent of the Senate, would you rather have a day? Not only is the cabinet in a dangerous place from time to time, but it also infringes on the power of the people to make judgments. The spirit of constitutionalism has been wiped out. Moreover, the cabinet is responsible to the Congress, so it is difficult for all national laws and regulations to be promulgated in the name of the president. This is the reason for the actual responsibility and the protection of the cabinet members. The appointment and dismissal of the prime minister is such a major national policy that it is not necessary to have the countersignature of the state secretary. The appointment of the prime minister requires the consent of the two houses. Restriction, but there is no hindrance when recalling, as long as the president's personal will, he can go to the prime minister like a servant. How can a prime minister do his best to be loyal to the country? To promote the strength of the people, and use the two houses Solemn consent, at the expense of the order, what is the law? Up to the level of the resolution and the law, the parliamentary tone is especially rebellious and unscrupulous. The right to discuss matters is bestowed by this law. If the resolutions are made to have the same effect as the law, then the law of the members of the parliament will destroy freedom, and it is even more different from my tone that the law is the law. All administrative and judicial powers in the country will be eliminated, and all officials It is not allowed to rely on the breath of the members of the Congress, so if you want to govern the country, is it possible? What's more, the recent meeting of the Constitutional Conference is especially ghostly. Every article is issued, and the discussion is constantly blocked, and the group votes immediately. Please, every time you don’t follow the three-quarters decision rule, you always use negative evidence to vote. The sacred meeting ends with child’s play, and it will be effective when it is announced in the future. The spirit of the cabinet has been completely swept away, and all the internal and external administrative officials have been turned into slaves of parliamentarians. They listen to each other's manipulation in everything, so as to fulfill their selfish desires of mob autocracy. Our country is based on autocracy and bad governance. It harms everything, so the people Soldiers, they don't hesitate to throw their heads, donate their flesh and blood, and manage miserably in order to form this republic. But they are playing tricks, showing that they have seized the power of autocracy, and put it under their control. What kind of country will they become? The above is nothing more than a grand by otherThere are many mistakes in restricting administration and playing with private power, too numerous to mention.If this constitution is considered valid, the country has been reduced to the hands of a few mobs.If the constitution is promulgated but the masses do not think it is effective, disasters will be found in disguise.Enyuan and others were shocked, and they couldn't bear to sit back and watch the situation created by hard work. They allowed a few people to rely on the law to become traitors, and to call for great disasters. If the Congress is compared with the country, the country is more important.Today's National Assembly is not for the sake of the country, but it has cut itself off from the people, and the qualifications of representatives, of course, cannot exist.I still recall that when the draft of the Temple of Heaven was first completed and the whole country was in panic, our President, during his tenure in Edu, carried out a telegram to try to refute the wrongdoing.All the members of the constitutional committee have good conscience and should be able to remember, so how can they change their costs and increase their profits?The only one who can respect the importance of the president's expediency is resolutely arbitrarily arbitrarily arbitrarily determined. If he cannot correct it, the Senate and the House of Representatives will be dissolved immediately and organized separately.The situation of discussing the constitution can be changed as soon as possible, and the republican regime can be guaranteed forever.Enyuan and others are sent to Xinjiang, which is closely related to the country.The responsibility of rise and fall, would rather bear with the common man?The words of weeping tears, pray for inspection!There is no limit to the screen camp! "

According to legend, this report was drafted by the behind-the-scenes strategist of the Research Department.All indications are that: the Department of Studies not only wants to rely on the power of the Overseers to salvage their failed claims on constitutional issues in the parliament, but also tries to dissolve the parliament if it cannot, so as to obtain a majority in the next parliament . In this report, Meng Enyuan, who is the oldest, was recommended as the leader.The military governors and capital commanders are Meng Enyuan, Wang Zhanyuan, Zhang Huaizhi, Cao Kun, Li Houji, Zhao Ti, Ni Sichong, Li Chun, Yan Xishan, Tian Zhongyu, and Jiang Yanxing.Signatures replaced by representatives are Yang Shande, Zhang Zuolin, Chen Shufan, Zhang Guangjian, Bi Guifang, Jiang Guiti, and Yang Zengxin.Representatives of each province signed in their own names Shi Jingyun, representative of Feng Guozhang, Wang Wenhua, representative of Liu Xianshi, Ye Quan, representative of Tang Jiyao, and Zhang Yipeng, representative of Tan Yankai.A total of 22 warlords and military representatives were listed.Only Zhang Xun, the governor of Anhui, Lu Rongting, the inspector of Guangdong and Guangxi, Chen Bingkun, the governor of Guangdong, Tan Haoming, the governor of Guangxi, and Dai Kan, the governor of Sichuan, were not represented in Beijing, so they were not listed.

This report seems to be the common voice of the military chiefs of the 22 provinces and regions, and it is an extremely majestic voice.However, Ni Sichong actually arranged it all by himself. Some of the warlords did not foresee it at all, some of them echoed under the big topic of "Uniting the Beiyang faction", and some of them were signed by counterfeiters and forced to sign.After the document was completed, Ni sent people to the residences of the governors one by one to contact them for signatures.Li Chun did not return to Beijing in Tianjin, so Ni notified him by long-distance call that he had already signed on his behalf.Hunan representative Zhang Yipeng did not dare to sign on Tan Yankai's behalf, and had to ask for instructions before making a decision.Ni said: "You can't represent him, but I can represent him!" Zhang Yipeng hurriedly signed his name.As soon as this case was opened, Jiangsu representative Shi Jingyun did not dare to sign for Feng Guozhang, but signed with his own name.Ye Quan, representative of Yunnan, and Wang Wenhua, representative of Guizhou, neither saw the report, nor did anyone approach it for signatures, but they are all on the list.Therefore, Ye Quan once declared to Li that his signature was counterfeited.Feng Guozhang and the governors of the southwestern provinces also withdrew their representatives one after another.

Ni Sichong sent this petition to the State Council and asked it to be forwarded to the President. Xu Shuzheng stamped a big seal of the General's Mansion on the petition, and also planned to send an order for the dissolution of the Congress to the government. On the same day, news came out from the presidential palace that the president had seen the submission. The president believed that it was all right for the governors of the provinces to put forward some opinions on the draft constitution in their personal capacity and in the capacity of a member of the nation, but they proposed it jointly , and demand the dissolution of Congress, this is not within the track but an act outside the track.The president is the highest administrative head of the country, and has no power to interfere with the constitution-making and dissolution of the Congress; he is willing to invite members of Congress to talk in his personal capacity, and express the opinions of the warlords on the draft constitution for the reference of members, so this submission is not intended Reply.

On the 20th, Li invited the leaders of various political groups in the Congress—Gu Zhongxiu, the leader of the Political Science Society, Tang Hualong, the leader of the Research Society, Wu Jinglian, the leader of the Yiyou Society, and Wang Zhengting, the leader of the Zhengyu Club, to the government to hold a talk meeting.Li pointed out the three "shortcomings" of the draft constitution accused by the warlords, and hoped that Congress would automatically correct them.Leaders of various political groups replied that they had no prejudice against this and could pass it on to the members of their group for reconsideration.

When the meeting was over, someone asked Li, if the Overseers must dissolve the Congress, what method will the President use to deal with them?Li said: "I've made up my mind with nine words: don't violate the law, don't stamp your seal, and don't fear death!" On the 21st, Li summoned Meng Enyuan, who was the leader of the military governor's report, to go to the mansion for a talk.Li Ke clearly stated that the dissolution of the National Assembly has no basis in the "Convention Law", and the current issue lies in the cabinet and not in the National Assembly.Zhiquan (Duan) can no longer go on alone. Therefore, the key to solving the current situation is the resignation of the Prime Minister and the formation of a healthy cabinet.Now it is planned to choose one of Xu Shichang, Wang Shizhen, Li Jingxi, and Zhao Erxun to succeed the Prime Minister.Meng Enyuan expressed his willingness to convey the president's opinion to the governors, that is, to withdraw from the government and go to Cao Kun's residence to hold another emergency meeting of the governors.After the meeting broke up, Meng went to the government to meet Li alone, reported the results of the discussions among the warlords, and still advocated the maintenance of Duan's cabinet.In the evening, the warlord regiment held another meeting in Duanzhai, Fuxue Hutong.After the meeting broke up, around 11 o'clock, a group of warlords and military representatives from various provinces took a special car to Tianjin.