Chapter 111 110. Overseer regiment and citizen regiment rioted in Beijing

On April 6th, 6th year of the Republic of China, the United States declared war on Germany. On the 12th, the U.S. envoy to China suggested to the U.S. government to borrow money from China in order to facilitate China’s declaration of war against Germany. At the same time, the Japanese envoy visited Li and stated that if China’s participation in the war caused civil war, the Japanese government would take immediate action to assist the Chinese government. Expresses active support for Duan. Duan had long been determined to declare war on Germany, and he didn't pay much attention to the president's opposition and the different opinions in the Congress. What he cared about was the opposition of the generals of the Beiyang Army and the Beiyang Affiliated Army. The division of the country and the chaos of the country, thus destabilizing his regime.Therefore, in mid-April, he sent an urgent telegram to summon the provincial governors to Beijing to discuss diplomatic issues, and said that if he could not come to Beijing in person, please send a plenipotentiary representative to attend the meeting.Duan originally planned to convene a national military conference to discuss the issue of disarmament and salary reduction.This meeting was decided to be held in conjunction with the meeting discussing diplomatic issues.Member of the House of Representatives Huang Gongshi asked why the government called a military meeting to resolve diplomatic issues, so Duan did not use the name of a military meeting to the outside world, but in essence it was a military meeting.

Duan originally intended to invite Feng Guozhang, Zhang Xun, and Lu Rongting to the meeting.He sent Jin Yunpeng to Nanjing to meet Feng, and repeatedly called Zhang and Lu to make time to come north.However, the last time Feng was in Beijing, he knew that diplomatic relations and government-sector relations were very complicated. He felt that he had been taken advantage of by others, so he reassigned representatives to attend the meeting under the pretext that defense was important and he could not be separated.Because Duan called repeatedly to urge him, he pretended to be sick and asked for leave from the Beijing government. He knew how to get "sick" at a critical moment.As for Zhang Xun, he was unwilling to play an unpleasant supporting role under Duan's subordinates, so he resolutely refused to come from the north.Lu Rongting has escaped from the dilemma of political struggle and came to the beautiful West Lake, so naturally he does not want to go to Beijing again.

The first to be called to Beijing was Ni Sichong, a pioneer of the Beiyang faction. When he left Bengbu, he also expressed his anti-war argument that declaring war on Germany would definitely lead to the consequences of subjugation.When he arrived in Tianjin, he publicly scolded Liang Qichao, who advocated declaring war against Germany, as a "subjugated cultural monster"; he still didn't understand the situation of the Beijing government, and thought that the president was the head of state of a country, and his status was higher than that of the prime minister, so he didn't see him first when he arrived in Beijing. The prime minister meets the president first.He was not Duan's minion or a descendant of the Beiyang School, but Li and Duan had a bad impression of him.When he saw Li, he was very respectful. He recommended his nephew Ni Yufen as a lieutenant general of the army, and his son Ni Youchen as a major general of the army.In the past, he was almost "responsive" to the authoritative President Yuan Da, so he thought that this "generous and kind" president would not refuse his request.Unexpectedly, Li was very unhappy with Duan Cabinet's move to call a military meeting, and he was even disgusted with Ni, and wanted to use a warlord to make a knife to gain his prestige. Are you seeking fame and wealth for your nephew and son? Are they worthy of a lieutenant general or a major general?" Ni didn't expect to encounter such a big setback, so he had to back out repeatedly.

Ni ran to visit Duan again.Although Duan hated him equally, he amiably explained to him the inside story that declaring war on Germany did not require sending troops.As a result, the local warlord who was most opposed to participating in the war suddenly became the most powerful general who advocated participating in the war. From the argument that participating in the war is enough to call for death to the argument that participating in the war can survive, he shouted loudly: "Join unconditionally! Join more The sooner the better!" After Ni Sichong, Yan Xishan, the governor of Shanxi, Zhao Ti, the governor of Henan, Zhang Huaizhi, the governor of Shandong, Li Chun, the governor of Jiangxi, Wang Zhanyuan, the governor of Hubei, Li Houji, the governor of Fujian, Meng Enyuan, the governor of Jilin, Cao Kun, the governor of Zhili, and Cao Kun, the governor of Cha Harbin ruled Tian Zhongyu, Suiyuan ruled Jiang Yanxing and so on.The governors of the remaining northern and southwestern provinces sent representatives to attend. On April 25, the military conference opened. More than 20 warlords and warlord representatives attended and attended the meeting. Cheng Biguang, chief of the navy, and Zhang Shaozeng, director of army training, were also invited to participate.Duan personally chaired the meeting, explaining that the meeting was called to discuss military system and diplomatic issues.The Warlords publicly recommended Li Chun to speak on behalf of Li Chun. Regarding diplomatic issues, they had been contacted before the meeting. Everyone was not opposed to declaring war on Germany.Duan had already prepared a signature sheet with the words "Approve the Prime Minister's foreign policy" written on it, and asked the governors and representatives of the provinces to sign it.With a province or a military region (including the military guards) as one authority, there are a total of 25 authority, and the audience signed unanimously.This method of voting, just like the unanimous vote in favor of the monarchy in the National Assembly convened by Yuan Shikai before, is a "replay of the old drama".

In the following paragraphs, issues such as unifying the military establishment, stipulating the standards of officers, and cutting troops and saving salaries were proposed.Of course, it is easy to ask the warlords to agree to declare war on Germany without actually sending troops. Asking the warlords to cut their troops and save their salaries will affect their vital interests. No one wants to accept it, and Duan did not insist on it.Therefore, when military conferences continued to be held in the future, all warlords did not attend, but only representatives participated.This military meeting has become a meeting that only discusses diplomacy and does not deal with military matters.

The warlords joined hands to call on the envoys of the Allied Powers, and the envoys even hosted a banquet in honor of them. On May 1, when the state affairs meeting was being held, more than 20 warlords and warlord representatives suddenly broke in and asked to attend the meeting, which was unprecedented in domestic politics.The warlords openly spoke at the meeting one after another. First of all, Ni Sichong advocated joining the Allies unconditionally and joining them quickly.Zhang Huaizhi went on to say: "The common people in the local area want to fight against Germany. If we don't respect public opinion, there will be riots. Our local officials can't bear this responsibility." Meng Enyuan and Li Houji also echoed.At this time, Minister of Foreign Affairs Wu Tingfang had resigned, Minister of Education Fan Yuanlian was on leave and did not attend the cabinet meeting, Minister of Finance Li Jingxi had not taken office, Minister of Internal Affairs had not been replaced, and Minister of Transportation Xu Shiying was dismissed and arrested for bribery, so he attended the cabinet meeting. There were only Cheng Biguang, Chief of the Navy, Gu Zhongxiu, Chief of Agriculture and Commerce, and Zhang Yaozeng, Chief of Justice.None of the three cabinet members raised any different opinions, and the issue of declaring war on Germany was counted as passed at the State Council.

On May 2, Duan invited members of the two houses of parliament to hold a tea party at the Guest House, demanding the adoption of the declaration of war against Germany.The Speaker of the Senate, Wang Jiaxiang, said that when the case was brought to Congress, the members of both Houses must have their own conscience to fulfill the sacred duty of representing the people.Duan asked the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Tang Hualong, to express his opinion. Tang scratched his scalp with his fingers, not knowing how to answer.Duan raised his glass and asked everyone to have some refreshments and leave.

In the afternoon of the same day, after the meeting of the ministers of Japan, Britain and France at the French Legation, they called Wu Tingfang, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to meet at the Guest House.Japanese Minister Hayashi Gonsuke spoke on behalf of the ministers, expressing that the Allied Powers would sincerely discuss with the Chinese government the rights that China deserved after joining the war, so as to resolve the doubts of the parliament.On the same day, Lin Quanzhu had an audience with Li on behalf of the ministers to express his intention. On the same day, Duan sent Wang Chonghui to Shanghai to communicate with Sun Yat-sen and Tang Shaoyi who opposed the declaration of war.

The declaration of war on Germany was originally scheduled to be submitted to Congress on the 4th.According to observations at the time, the trend of the various parties in the Congress, the Political Science Society originally had a majority of members who opposed joining the war, but because the leaders of the association joined the cabinet, it was inconvenient to insist on opposing; the members of the Research Department were all in favor of joining the war; the opinions of the Yiyou Society were inconsistent ; Bingchen Club's opposition tendency is more obvious.Generally speaking, the parties are not enthusiastic about studying such a major issue concerning the country, but only decide their own attitude based on the interests of the parties and individuals.In order to strengthen his own momentum, Duan also asked the warlords to mobilize the parliamentarians at the guest house on May 4.As a result, the case was postponed before Congress.

On May 4th, in the joint name of Wang Zhanyuan, Zhang Huaizhi, Meng Enyuan, Li Houji, Cao Kun, Zhao Ti, Yan Xishan, Ni Sichong and representatives of the provincial governors, all members of the two houses were invited to a reception at the Guest House, and more than 400 members attended.Li Houji, who is good at eloquence, was recommended by the Overseer Corps to deliver a speech.He said: "I was an opponent of declaring war on Germany at the beginning. For example, a doctor cannot make a correct diagnosis without understanding the patient's condition. , we know that it is necessary for China to declare war on Germany, and it should not make a condition before deciding to join the war. For example, when a friend and an enemy fight, we ask the friend for a reward before we are willing to help. This reason does not make sense.” .Member Yu Tang Hualong responded on behalf of the members of the two houses: "The words of Governor Li can be used as a reference for colleagues. This is the first time since the founding of the Republic of China that soldiers and Congress have joined forces. This is a gratifying phenomenon. Now soldiers actually know Congress. , and pay attention to Congress. Of course, Congress should also pay attention to the opinions of soldiers. Regarding foreign policy, the whole country should be consistent. It cannot be like a snake with its head facing east and its tail facing west. Yes. This case has not been discussed, and I cannot express my opinion on behalf of my colleagues, but on behalf of my colleagues, I can thank all the warlords for their understanding of Congress and their kindness in valuing Congress.”

On the same day that the Legion of Governors entertained members of Congress, Duan ordered all the Governors to meet Li at the government office, intending to use the combined momentum of the Legion of Governors to threaten Li, and then not to obstruct the cabinet's decision on foreign affairs.This time it was Ni Sichong who spoke first again, repeating his old tune that "only by declaring war on Germany can China gain a foothold on the international stage".Li knew that they were instructed by Duan, and after threatening the Congress, they came to threaten him further, so he couldn't suppress his anger, and he reprimanded the warlords face to face that they should not leave their posts and go to Beijing for a meeting, As a soldier, intruding into the state affairs conference and interfering in state affairs should not directly deal with the diplomatic corps in groups without authorization.He said angrily: "Declaring war and negotiating peace is the prerogative of our president. You are not allowed to violate it. You are responsible for defending the territory." When Ni Sichong mentioned that "the ministers of all countries want us to participate in the war", Li became even more angry. He shouted loudly: "You are the governor, what qualifications do you have to talk to the diplomatic corps?" Ni also argued that he was here this time. Beijing came to be called to attend a military meeting, so it cannot be regarded as AWOL.Li angrily said: "You are the governor, what qualifications do you have to participate in the military meeting?" This is the first time a Beiyang soldier has been sternly reprimanded.When Yuan Shikai's authority was at its peak, he was always used to restraining them with kind words and high-ranking officials. They never dreamed that Li, who was known as generous and kind, would hit them with such a big nail.After all, the president is the head of state of a country, and they didn't dare to confront them face to face when they got angry, so they had to back out repeatedly. That night, the government held a secret meeting of the small circle to discuss how to deal with the domineering Duan.Li's military aides all said that the president's temper was really good today, which will make these old men dare not bully the president again.Li himself also felt that his temper should not be stuffed in his stomach all the time, it would be beneficial to let it out. On the same night, a secret meeting of another small circle was held in Duanyu, Fuxue Hutong.Duan also feels that the situation is very serious, and the two barriers between the president and Congress are not easy to get through.He felt that Li Yu's military governors were embarrassed, and he was very indignant.At this time, Fu Liangzuo stood up and said loudly: "It's no big deal. If the president doesn't seal it, the president will be expelled!" If the Congress fails to pass, the Congress will be dissolved!Zhang Guogan believes that this is not the solution, and all problems should be solved on track.Duan thought about it for a while, and then said: "Yes, we should follow the track!" Duan's track is not another track, but Yuan Shikai's track, that is, the threat of force and the falsification of public opinion go hand in hand.He instructed the warlords to instigate people's organizations in various provinces to publish messages petitioning the government to declare war on Germany early. Therefore, "people's organizations" in various provinces sent out such telegrams one after another. Period to launch the old scenario where the provinces electrify unanimously in favor of the monarchy.The only difference is that Duan's technique is even less sophisticated. Some telegrams from the Shanghai "people's organizations" were sent from the Beijing Telegraph Bureau, while the telegrams from the Shanghai Telegraph Bureau to Beijing were from the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce and various groups opposing China's participation in the war. Telegram. Lebanon intends to call the provincial councils, chambers of commerce and various groups to solicit opinions on the issue of participating in the war.Li knew that these groups all over the country were opposed to participating in the war, so he wanted to use "public opinion" to counter Duan's "military opinion" in order to strengthen his own momentum.Some of his strategists (non-military aides) believed that doing so would plunge the Beijing government into an extremely serious crisis, so Li had some concerns and did not dare to send this telegram. On May 6, Duan and other cabinet members went to the government office and asked Li to affix his seal on the drafted consultation document on the declaration of war against Germany.Li said: "This issue is not trivial, and we should give it more consideration." Fan Yuanlian was the first to stand up and accuse Li face-to-face of "being so soft that he harmed the country."He couldn't restrain his excitement, and after he finished speaking, he rushed out in a rage, and the glass on the door was shattered when he closed the door with too much force.Then, Duan Mo didn't speak, and left without telling.Without saying a word, Li motioned to stamp the seal and hand over the original to Zhang Guogan to take back to the State Council. Li immediately approached Chief Justice Zhang Yaozeng to talk to the government alone.Li asked him: "Can they dissolve the Congress if the Congress fails to pass the bill of joining the war?" Zhang replied: "Even if the Congress is dissolved, a new Congress should be convened, and the declaration of war can only be announced and implemented after passing the bill of declaration of war. But the "Convention Law" does not dissolve the Congress. Violation of the "Convention Law" is tantamount to treason." Li couldn't help but said enthusiastically: "Yes, conspiracy is rebellion!" At this time, Li pinned his glimmer of hope on the Congress, because there are quite a few political parties in the Congress. Members of the Institute maintain a good relationship with him, and at the same time he knows that Duan's foreign policy depends first on the military council before it is submitted to the Congress, and the actions of instructing the Overseer to make superficial liaison with the Congress, which is intended to threaten, have already aroused the attention of the Congress. Except for the research department, members of all parties are unwilling to be used as a tool of the section. It seems that the war proposal has a tendency to be difficult to pass in Congress. On May 7, the declaration of war on Germany was submitted to the Congress for a vote. On May 8, Duan invited 108 key officials from various parties in the Congress to hold a talk meeting at the State Council to explain four doubts about the issue of Germany: first, explaining that there was a revolution in Russia and that the rumors of a separate peace between Russia and Germany were groundless; second, Guarantee that there will be no secret diplomacy with Japan after entering the war, and that the Chinese government will not favor one country; third, after declaring war on Germany, China will have no actual war, and there is no need to enforce military laws throughout the country; fourth, Germany has now switched from offensive to defensive, and has not achieved the final possibility of victory. That night, all parties in the Congress met one after another to discuss the attitudes they should take towards diplomatic issues.The Constitution Research Association (Department of Research) decided to agree with the government's policy of declaring war on Germany, and Yiyou Society opposed unconditional declaration of war on Germany.In fact, Congress was very confused about the issue of participation in the war. Except for the clear-cut stand of the research department, no party could have a firm proposition, and no party could have a unanimous proposition. At this time, Zhang Xun suddenly called and said that the foreign policy decided by the cabinet and the military council cannot be changed. If the Congress opposes it, the most drastic measures must be taken against the Congress. On May 8th and 9th, strange teams of "citizens of the five ethnic groups" and "representatives of the army and navy" suddenly appeared in Beijing, holding small white cloth flags, squirming around the Xiangfangqiao Congress area. On the afternoon of the 10th, when the House of Representatives held a committee to review the declaration of war against Germany, these "citizen groups" gathered more than 2,000 people from all directions. When they saw the congressmen passing by, they cast all kinds of "petitions" and "warning" leaflets, If the MPs refused to accept, they would be dragged out of the car and beaten. Zou Lu, Lu Fu, Tian Tong, Chen Ce, Wu Zongci, Guo Tong and more than 10 people were beaten on the spot. Tian Tong was the most seriously injured. Zhang Yaoqing, the representative elected by the "citizens", met with the speaker Tang Hualong in the speaker's room upstairs of the House of Representatives, and asked to allow them to attend the secret meeting, but Tang refused because it did not conform to the rules of the meeting.They openly threatened that Congress must pass the declaration of war against Germany submitted by the government on the same day, otherwise the "citizen group" will take drastic measures against Congress and its members. Please consider carefully.Armed police were everywhere outside the House of Representatives, and police officers with pistols guarded the entrances on all sides of the chamber to "protect" the congressmen.Protected members of parliament are prohibited from going out, while representatives of "citizens" can come and go freely. The speaker called for help everywhere, and the calls went all the way to the presidential palace and the State Department.The President said: "Premier Duan has been asked to deal with this matter immediately." The State Department replied: "The Prime Minister has sent Superintendent of Police Wu Bingxiang to the Congress immediately to deal with this matter." "Do not violate each other.Those who commanded the "citizens' group" outside and called themselves "citizen representatives" in the venue were Zhang Yaoqing, Liu Shijun, Liu Wenjin, Zhao Chunting, Wu Guangxian, Zhao Pengtu, etc. who were consulted and dispatched by the Ministry of War, as well as Bai Liang, a technician in the House of Representatives, and Sun Xi, the president of Zhonghua University. Ze.Some people saw Chen Shaotang, Counselor of the State Council, commuting and directing in a car, and others saw Jin Yunpeng and Duan Zhigui also present and directing.As for the "citizens" who waved their flags and shouted, a small part of them were soldiers and policemen in Beijing, and most of them were beggars, gangsters and unemployed vagrants. At 2:30 p.m. when the National Assembly was in session, members of any political party were very angry and advocated that if the Duan cabinet did not resolve this emergency, it would not discuss the declaration of war against Germany.Therefore, the Committee of the Whole House was changed to the General Assembly.When the meeting was held, Congressman Zhang Bolie first proposed to invite the Prime Minister, the Chief of the Interior, and the Chief of Justice to attend the meeting to question whether the order in Beijing could still be maintained.This proposal was immediately unanimously approved by the audience, and the speaker called separately to invite Duan and others to attend, while announcing the adjournment of the meeting. It was not until 5 p.m. that Fan Yuanlian rushed to the Congress, claiming to be sick, and declared that he had never heard of the "citizens" petition beforehand, and ordered the police to be dismissed. Before the "citizens" were disbanded, he was willing to stay in the congress .He went to the Speaker's Office and called Duan to the House of Representatives, and ordered the military and police to dissolve the "citizens' corps" that surrounded the House of Representatives.Duan replied: "Wu Bingxiang has been ordered to dismiss the citizens, and he will go to the court as soon as the citizens are dismissed."At this time, there was a lot of shouting and clapping outside the courtyard. The workers of the Congress went out to buy and sell food, but they were all surrounded by "citizens" and robbed them all. Seeing this, the "protective" policemen closed all the doors.It is said that they are afraid that the "citizens' group" will rush in and be detrimental to the congressmen.Lawmakers are not alarmed.They said: "When the president was elected on October 6, the second year of the Republic of China, we had already experienced it. Now it is the second time. We have experience, so we are not afraid of anything." Around 6:00, Beijing police chief Wu Bingxiang arrived, but "citizens The "Regiment of Citizens" still surrounded the Congress and did not disperse, and the police chief did not order them to be disbanded. He only sent police officers to invite a few representatives of the "Citizens' Regiment" to enter, and persuaded them to retreat first. Representatives of the "citizens' group" requested to meet Chairman Tang or President Fan, but if Tang refused to meet, Fan met them in the chamber of the chief security guard.They put forward three opinions: first, they asked Congress to pass the bill of declaring war on Germany that day; second, if Congress failed to pass it, they asked the government to dissolve Congress; At around 7:30, the noise of the "citizens' group" outside the door suddenly stopped.They lined up in two rows and made way for the empty lane. It turned out that Premier Duan's car had arrived.When Duan got off the bus, the "citizens' group" waved their flags and cheered, and the applause was thunderous. Duan was rushed to the hospital with a smile on his face. Parliament remains in session due to the Prime Minister's arrival.Duan attended the speech and said: "The people who come to the Congress to peacefully petition should not be forced to dissolve by force. If this is done, it will cause military-civilian conflicts and unfortunate bloodshed. Therefore, we can only adopt the method of peaceful persuasion." Regarding " "Citizen" petitioned in one fell swoop, but he excused himself by saying he didn't know.The speaker announced a temporary break and asked the prime minister to dismiss the "citizens" outside the door within an hour, that is, to guide Duan and Fan Yuanlian and the army undersecretary Fu Liangzuo who accompanied them to the state servants' lounge behind the conference hall to rest. Duan sent Wu Bingxiang to the door to conduct peaceful persuasion, and shouted to the representative of the "citizens group": "Everyone, please leave today, and come back tomorrow if you have something to do!"One of the people stood on a stool and addressed the crowd: "If the members of parliament do not meet tomorrow, we will arrest them! If the meeting cannot be held tomorrow, ask the government to dissolve the parliament! If the government does not accept the opinions of the people, we will Set fire to the Congress." The crowd responded with warm and prolonged applause, but they did not disperse. There were several "puppets" sitting in the state servants' lounge, but no one spoke.On the contrary, there was chatter and laughter in the members' break room. Everyone said that we should find Prime Minister Duan as a hostage, so we would not be afraid of the "citizens" outside.The fact is that the "citizens" surrounded the parliamentarians in the courtyard, and the parliamentarians surrounded the prime minister in the lounge.Hunger is the most unbearable thing for a member of Parliament. Fortunately, there are meeting places of the two parties, the Amateur Club and the Political Society, next door to the Congress, and a large number of bread and biscuits are thrown in from there, so the hunger will not be able to trap the member.During the break, Zou Lu, who was injured by the "citizen", suddenly raised his arms and said angrily: "Citizens beat our congressmen, why can't our congressmen beat the prime minister!" Everyone tried their best to dissuade them. The issue of "citizens" surrounding the Congress remained deadlocked until 9:00 p.m. and was finally not resolved.Some citizens threw bricks and tiles into the parliament, intending to intimidate the members of the parliament to accept their request for a declaration of war against Germany that night. Unexpectedly, a flying stone hit Nakano, a reporter from Japan's Yonhap News Agency who came to the parliament to cover the news. In the face of diplomatic incidents, Wu Bingxiang was ordered to summon a team of cavalry from the phone to disperse the "citizens' regiment". Congress resumed its session at 9:30.Fan Yuanlian promised to strengthen the security work of the Congress, and ordered the police in all districts in Beijing to protect the safety of the parliamentarians' houses, and promised that similar incidents would not happen again in the future. I hope that the congressmen will not be concerned about today's accident.After saying these words, Duan, Fan Yuanlian and others left the meeting together. It was already 10:30 p.m., and the congressmen were no longer in the mood to continue the discussion, and the meeting for the day came to an end.The congressmen, who were exhausted after being surrounded for 10 hours, came out of the assembly hall and filed out under the "protection" of the military and police, but they couldn't find any means of transportation, because they had privately prepared horse-drawn carriages or rickshaws. Some were destroyed by "citizens", and some fled when they saw that the wind was not right. Duan's so-called "doing things according to the track" is a track of organizing "citizen" thugs to threaten Congress.The next day, more than 24,000 people from the so-called Beijing-Tianjin Citizens United Petition Group issued a telegram, denouncing "the government ordered the police on the spot, abused their power, and threatened to disband." Representatives of the "citizens" Wu Guangxian and Bai Liang went to the local procuratorate to accuse Beijing Police Chief Wu Bingxiang of violating human rights . After the "Citizens Corps" incident, public opinion across the country was in an uproar.The Kuomintang cabinet members Wu Tingfang, Cheng Biguang, Zhang Yaozeng, and Gu Zhongxiu suggested that the cabinet chief resign to clarify his responsibilities, but Duan refused to accept it, so these four resigned individually.Therefore, when the State Council held a regular meeting on May 12, Duan was the only one left to attend. Secretary-General Zhang Guogan advised Duan to retire temporarily.Duan thought that if I didn't resign voluntarily, what would the president do to me?According to Duan, if the president ordered his dismissal and he himself refused to countersign it, the order would not be effective.However, Zhang Guogan cited a precedent of the dismissal of Sun Hongyi, the Chief of Internal Affairs. The order had not been countersigned by Sun Hongyi, but it had actually taken effect.Therefore, it is believed that the same method can be used for the removal of the prime minister from the cabinet by the president.Duan was reminded by this sentence, so he told him to prepare his resignation letter as soon as possible.That night, Xu Shuzheng, who had just returned to China, suddenly ran to Zhang Guogan's house and yelled loudly: "You have been ordered by the government to force the Prime Minister to resign. In the future, the Beiyang faction will collapse, and you are the only one asking!" Then, Secretary of the State Council Tu Fengshu brought the resignation draft to Xu Shuzheng snatched the review of Fuxue Hutong section and tore it face to face. From then on, there was no mention of resignation in this section. Duan went to work in the hospital as usual every day. He also planned to start organizing the National Defense Cabinet and add more cabinet members regardless of the ministry after the war participation plan was passed by the Congress.He seemed to be confident that Congress would pass the bill of entry into war and that the cabinet would not be in serious crisis. He used three speeches in a row to urge the House of Representatives to pass the bill of declaring war on Germany as soon as possible. At this time, the attitudes of the various parties in the Congress have changed from inconsistency to consistency, and they all advocate solving cabinet issues first, and then discussing foreign affairs issues.Only members of the research department held an internal meeting on the 12th and decided on the policy of maintaining the cabinet and smoothing the passage of the Kuomintang department members to join the war. Li was surprised that Duan came to work in the hospital as usual.He proudly said to his staff: "Let's see how long his monologue will last?" He approved the word "hand over to the court" on the resignations of all the cabinet members, but did not send Wu Tingfang's resignation.Someone asked him why President Wu's resignation was not submitted to the court for processing.He evasively said: "For the sake of diplomatic relations." This is deceitful. In fact, he is determined to stay in the army and continue to serve so that he can be appointed as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet at an appropriate time. On the 12th, the Overseer Group held an emergency meeting in Ni Zhai. Ni Sichong proposed to prevent the resignation of the Prime Minister to prevent the disintegration of the Beiyang faction. Before the internal and external issues are resolved, everyone stays in Beijing and continues to exert pressure on members of Congress. On the 13th, the warlords hosted a banquet for members of Congress, either as fellow countrymen or as local governors, and asked them to maintain the Duan cabinet and pass the declaration of war against Germany. On the 15th, all members of the Legion of Warlords jointly received all members of Congress at the Foreign Affairs Building. Li Houji, who is still good at eloquence, delivered a speech. First of all, he stated that the "Citizens Corps" incident was an unconscious move. I hope that members of the Congress will put the country first and not be emotionally affected by it. .Li Houji kowtowed frequently, but there were only 215 MPs attending the meeting that day, and the scene was very cold. In fact, not all the warlords supported Duan, some favored Wang Shizhen, while others respected Xu Shichang.In order to maintain the group interests of the Beiyang faction, they advocated that the cabinet be formed by figures directly related to the Beiyang faction. This is the only thing in common;Only Ni Sichong and Zhang Zuolin worked hard on Duan.He is the man behind the events of the "Citizens" and the "dynamo" of the Overseer.At this time, Zhang sent a telegram and said: "My Prime Minister is a brilliant contemporary, and he sacrificed his life to save the world. When we advance or retreat, the overall situation is at stake. The country is dead, and there is no one to succeed it. It is better to break the jade than to be broken than to be perfect. Please ask Junzuo to make the final decision to turn the tide. No matter what the situation is, if you are not talented, you are willing to follow the heroes in the world and take the whip to be the queen." After the incident of the "Citizens Corps", Li sent Ha Hanzhang to Nanjing, intending to unite with Feng Guozhang as an allied army against Duan.Feng said that Wang Shizhen was most suitable to form a cabinet, and he issued a telegram (16th) expressing his dissatisfaction with the "citizens' group" encircling the parliament.This is a reflection of the non-cooperation between the soldiers of the Beiyang faction and the soldiers of the Anhui faction. On the 16th, Li called Wang Shizhen into the government to discuss the formation of a cabinet.However, Wang did not have the courage to replace Duan and resolutely refused to form a cabinet, so the cabinet issue remained deadlocked. What is the source of "citizenship"?According to a letter from "citizen" Wang Hexin in Beijing's "Xinghua Daily", it said: "I have tried to come to Beijing to seek something. The day before yesterday, I was introduced by the Secretary of the Army Department of Hefei from my hometown, Tan Junyifu, to join the citizens' petition group. From now on, everyone will encircle the House of Representatives, give Dayang 50 cents every hour, and pay immediately at the end of the day. It is also said that after the roster is completed and notified to the Prime Minister, a messenger can be sent. I will go as usual, and stand until 8:30. The military police hit the butt of a gun. That night, I went to Mr. Xun Tan to collect Dayang 4.25 cents, but Tan was stingy with it. I asked for it again this morning, but Mr. Tan avoided seeing him. A young man appeared and threatened. Yun: This matter is messed up. The Prime Minister refuses to admit it. I am afraid that the murderer will be punished. I will order you to stay behind closed doors and not to mention this matter again. I am very angry. For this reason, I would like to log it out so that I can know Tan's deceptive methods." .It is said that five cents and one o'clock is the reward of high-ranking "citizens".